CN105612998A - Method for interplanting cassava and peanuts and returning peanut straw to field - Google Patents
Method for interplanting cassava and peanuts and returning peanut straw to field Download PDFInfo
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- CN105612998A CN105612998A CN201511017406.1A CN201511017406A CN105612998A CN 105612998 A CN105612998 A CN 105612998A CN 201511017406 A CN201511017406 A CN 201511017406A CN 105612998 A CN105612998 A CN 105612998A
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- peanut
- cassava
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for interplanting cassava and peanuts and returning peanut straw to the field. By means of the space of the early growth stage of cassava, cassava and peanuts are interplanted at the same time, and peanut straw is returned to the field after peanuts are harvested. The method mainly includes the steps of preparing soil, applying fertilizer, sowing seeds, conducting field management and returning peanut straw to the field. By applying the method, straw is returned to the field to be applied after peanuts are mature and harvested, the yield of crops of one season is increased, and the aims of recycling organic waste, improving soil and improving fertility are achieved. Practice shows that by means of the method, cassava planting benefits can be improved, the yield of dry peanut pods reaches 1500 kg/ha or above, soil and fertility improving can be effectively achieved, the physical performance of soil of the cassava field is improved, the comprehensive fertility of soil is improved, and production and income increase of cassava is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of improving the soil, particularly relate to a kind of cassava cover and cultivate peanut and the method in peanut straw also field.
Background technology
Retrieve through applicant, in Chinese patent, relevant cassava only has 1, it is a kind of " the feed dry production and processing method of low poison cassava " (number of patent application 201510385702.0 publication date 2015-09-30), the patent cultivated peanut about overlapping only 4, it relates to blueberry, watermelon, sugarcane and Chinese sorghum cover are cultivated peanut. The invention such as the Xie Jinlan of sugarcane institute of Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences " plant the fertilizer application method of mung bean green manuring between perennial root sugarcane " (number of patent application 201410019240.6 publication date 2014-04-23), this method is at sugarcane row interplant mung bean, utilize cane ridging machine to pulverize green manuring ridging in the Mung Bean flower pod Sheng phase in conjunction with the big ridging of sugarcane, reach Soil building, promote the object of sugarcane Sustainable Production.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of cassava cover scientific and reasonable, efficient economy and cultivates peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, this method can improve cassava planting benefit, can also effective Soil building, improve cassava ground soil physics performance, improve soil comprehensive fertility, promote cassava increasing both production and income.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions: cassava cover is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, utilizes the space in cassava growth early stage, overlap and cultivate peanut, after gathering in the crops peanut and by its straw-returning while planting cassava.
Above-mentioned cassava cover is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, and at the beginning of 3 months, cover is cultivated peanut, and mid-July gathers in the crops peanut.
Above-mentioned cassava cover is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, key step comprises wholely, applies fertilizer, sowing, field management, peanut straw also field.
Undertaken by following operation wholely: winter harvesting before do after, Jing Guoli, rake, trench digging, ridging, smooth, open plantation row farming operation activity, monoblock cassava ground surrounding open zanjon; It is 200 centimetres that cassava opens the line-spacing of plantation row, plants three row peanuts between the line-spacing of cassava, and its line-spacing is successively according to 60 centimetres, 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres.
Peanut straw is also undertaken by following operation in field: peanut is once sprayed water by the day before yesterday of results peanut, and peanut is all uprooped by next day, by climing both sides 20 centimeters being embedded in cassava row after results peanut, then covers soil.
Sowing is undertaken by following operation: cassava puts cassava kind stem according to the specification of 200cm*100cm in 100 centimeters, then covers soil; Peanut is according to specification bunch planting peanut seed between two nest fertilizer of 40cm*17cm, and every cave program request 2 seeds, then cover soil.
Field management is undertaken by following operation: water pipe house steward is laid in the direction being perpendicular to plantation row at balk, and house steward installs rising pipe every 1-1.5 rice, puts water-band, regularly spray water in the middle of plantation row; The 2nd day or the 3rd day sunny dusk after water spray, spray broad spectrum weeding agent; Within latter 20 days, 60 days, respectively peanut seedling is sprayed insecticide and choline dichloride in sowing.
Apply fertilizer and undertaken by following operation: the spacing in the rows of cassava is local composite fertilizer 15-15-15, urea, potassium sulfate and the fertilizer of successively spreading manuer in holes of 100 centimetres, and after fertilising, fertilizer and subsoil mix even; In cassava plantation row successively according to 60 centimetres, 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres between be interposed between same local composite fertilizer 15-15-15, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, lime and the fertilizer of successively spreading manuer in holes.
Fertilising is undertaken by following operation: the local amount of application successively spreading manuer in holes composite fertilizer 15-15-15, urea, potassium sulfate and fertilizer that the spacing in the rows of cassava is 100 centimetres is respectively 200-400kg/ha, 45-90kg/ha, 50-100kg/ha, 6-15t/ha; In cassava plantation row successively according to 60 centimetres, 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres between be interposed between the same local amount of application successively spreading manuer in holes composite fertilizer 15-15-15, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, lime and fertilizer and be respectively 125-250kg/ha, 100-200kg/ha, 120-240kg/ha, 2-4t/ha.
Had no cassava cover before the applying date cultivate peanut and utilize peanut vine to carry out the research report of Soil building. (vegetative period is long according to the growth characteristics of cassava for contriver, plantation line-spacing, spacing in the rows is big) and in conjunction with the plantation feature of peanut, establish a kind of cassava cover to cultivate peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, utilize cassava growth space in earlier stage, overlap while planting cassava and cultivate peanut, after results peanut and by its straw-returning. This method key step comprises wholely, applies fertilizer, sowing, field management, peanut straw also field. Application the present invention, peanut maturation results after straw-returning is used, both increased income one season crop, reach again the object of organic waste recycle and Soil building. Practice shows, this method can improve cassava planting benefit, and the dry pod output of peanut reaches more than 2500kg/ha, moreover it is possible to effectively Soil building, improves cassava ground soil physics performance, it is to increase soil comprehensive fertility, promotes cassava increasing both production and income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that application cassava cover of the present invention is cultivated peanut.
In figure, 1 ridge, 2 waterwayss, 3 cassava plantation row, 4 peanut cultivations are capable, 5 cassava fertilizer, 6 cassava kind stems, 7 peanut seeds, 8 peanut fertilizer, 9 water source switch, 10 water pipe house stewards, 11 water-band, 12 spout holes.
Embodiment
One, ultimate principle utilizes cassava growth space in earlier stage at the beginning of 3 months, overlaps and cultivates peanut, after gathering in the crops peanut mid-July and by its straw-returning while planting cassava.
Cassava is happiness temperature short day tropical crops, and the reaction of illumination length and temperature is all very responsive, and optimum temperuture is 25-29 DEG C, and the sunny output to improving cassava has important effect, and rainfall amount is had adaptability widely by cassava, the environment of high temperature and humidity liked by peanut, intolerant to waterlogging, therefore must play furrow and open zanjon and carry out drainage measure, cassava, peanut are more disease-resistant, therefore can Shaoshi pesticide control disease and pest, cassava line-spacing is 2.0 meters, and peanut line-spacing is 0.4 meter, and water-band spout hole water spray height is about 1 meter and distance is about 0.5 meter, so arranging water-band spacing and water-band spout hole spacing is 1.5 meters, a water-band can be sprayed the peanut of left and right 1 row cassava and 2 row, after water spray the 2nd day or sunny dusk spray broad spectrum weeding agent in the 3rd day can effectively weeding, selection drug effect is the weedicide of 2-3 days, and peanut just sprouts after 6 days, and therefore weedicide does not affect the growth of sprouting of peanut, use appropriate fertilizer and composite fertilizer can promote the growth of peanut, fertilizer and peanut straw also can increase the soil organism after degrading in field, peanut has very strong fixed nitrogen and absorbs the ability of deep soil trace element simultaneously, nitrogen element and micro-nutrient can be provided for rear work after its straw-returning, the soil weight can be reduced after improving the soil thus make soil more loose, improve the soil agreegate quantity of more than 0.25mm thus reduce liquid manure and run off, improve liquid manure utilising efficiency, promote the conversion of soil total nutrients to available nutrient simultaneously, promote that cassava to the absorption of nutrient thus realizes increasing both production and income.
Two, concrete operation mainly comprise wholely, apply fertilizer, sow, field management (pouring water, weeding, insect pest preventing and controlling), the peanut straw also content such as field step.
<1>wholely
In the December in winter of southern area of China, after doing before harvesting, through plough, rake, trench digging, ridging, smooth, open and plant the farming operation activities such as capable, surrounding on monoblock cassava ground opens zanjon, when block area is bigger, one or more zanjon is opened in the direction that can be parallel to plantation row between plot again, facilitates draining; It is 200 centimetres that cassava opens the line-spacing of plantation row, plants three row peanuts between the line-spacing of cassava, and its line-spacing is successively according to 60 centimetres, 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres.
<2>apply fertilizer
The spacing in the rows of cassava is local composite fertilizer (15-15-15), urea, potassium sulfate and the fertilizer (0M >=30%) of successively spreading manuer in holes of 100 centimetres, amount of application is respectively 200-400kg/ha, 45-90kg/ha, 50-100kg/ha, 6-15t/ha, and after fertilising, fertilizer and subsoil mix even; In cassava plantation row successively according to 60 centimetres, 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres between be interposed between same local composite fertilizer (15-15-15), fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, lime and the fertilizer (0M >=30%) of successively spreading manuer in holes, amount of application is respectively 125-250kg/ha, 100-200kg/ha, 120-240kg/ha, 2-4t/ha.
<3>sow
Cassava, according to the specification of 200cm*100cm, is put cassava kind stem in 100 centimeters, then covers soil, and thickness is advisable with 4 centimetres; Peanut is according to specification bunch planting peanut seed between two nest fertilizer of 40cm*17cm, and every cave program request 2 seeds, then cover soil, and thickness is advisable with 3 centimetres.
<4>field management
Water pipe house steward is laid in the direction being perpendicular to plantation row at balk, at the position mounting strap switch rising pipe of house steward every 1-1.5 rice, water-band is put in the middle of plantation row, water-band has spout hole, pitch-row is 0.5 meter, and end beats joint to prevent leaking, and regularly sprays water, water spray height is about 1 meter, and distance is about 0.5 meter; The 2nd day or the 3rd day sunny dusk after water spray, spray broad spectrum weeding agent; 20,60 days after sowing respectively peanut seedling is sprayed insecticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests and choline dichlorides.
<5>peanut straw also field
After sowing about 130-150 days, now peanut is ripe, peanut is once sprayed water by the day before yesterday of results peanut, time is 25 minutes), peanut is all uprooped by next day, by climing both sides 20 centimeters being embedded in cassava row after results peanut, then covering soil, thickness is advisable with 4 centimetres.
Three, example is applied
Cassava ground, Wuming County Su Liang village of Guangxi province Nanning City belongs to the sloping upland of latosol type, and organic content is lower, liquid manure runs off seriously, comprehensive fertility is poor, and cassava production is low. With reference to two, specifically operating, apply the present invention in locality and carry out cassava cover and cultivate peanut and straw-returning is improved the soil, performance is as follows:
By the end of December after plow harrow, opening zanjon (dark 25 centimetres of ditch) along the direction of the gradient, play furrow (furrow are wide 8 meters) leveling furrow face, plantation row is opened by 200 centimetres of line-spacings in the direction being parallel to waterways, it is capable that the specification being 60 centimetres, 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres by line-spacing in cassava plantation row opens peanut cultivation, successively spreading manuer in holes composite fertilizer (15-15-15), fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, lime and fertilizer (0M >=30%) according to the interval of 17 centimetres in peanut cultivation is capable, amount of application is respectively 248.5kg/ha, 208.4kg/ha, 225.3kg/ha, 3.9t/ha. by 17 centimetres of spacing bunch planting 2 peanut seeds between two nest fertilizer, then cover soil (thickness is 3 centimetres), in cassava plantation row, interval priority according to 100 centimetres is spreaded manuer in holes composite fertilizer (15-15-15), urea, potassium sulfate and fertilizer (0M >=30%), amount of application is respectively 400.8kg/ha, 84.5kg/ha, 94.2kg/ha, 12.03t/ha, after fertilising, fertilizer and subsoil mix even, put cassava kind stem in the place of fertilizer. above the gradient, sloping upland limit is perpendicular to the direction installation water pipe house steward of plantation row, house steward in paddy field installs rising pipe (belt switch) every the position of 1.5 meters, every bar rising pipe puts and fixes a water-band and (water-band has spout hole, pitch-row is 50 centimetres), water-band is placed in the middle of plantation row, end beats joint to prevent leaking, regularly water spray, water spray height is about 1 meter and distance is about 0.5 meter, the 2nd day sunny dusk after water spray, spray broad spectrum weeding agent, after sowing 20, within 60 days, respectively peanut seedling is sprayed insecticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests and choline dichloride. peanut seeding is after 130 days, peanut is once sprayed water by the day before yesterday of results peanut, and the time is 25 minutes, and peanut is all uprooped by next day, by climing both sides 20 centimeters being embedded in cassava row after results peanut, then cover soil (thickness is advisable) with 4 centimetres. manage cassava according to a conventional method.
Result: cassava production turns into 36.52t/ha from original 34.30t/ha, adds 6.08%, the dry pod output of peanut is 1500kg/ha, and peanut straw is field Soil building effectively also, and organic matter turns into 2.84% from original 2.70%, adds 4.93%.
Claims (9)
1. a cassava cover is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, it is characterised in that utilizes the space in cassava growth early stage, overlap and cultivate peanut, after gathering in the crops peanut and by its straw-returning while planting cassava.
2. cassava cover according to claim 1 is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, it is characterised in that at the beginning of 3 months, cover is cultivated peanut, and mid-July gathers in the crops peanut.
3. cassava cover according to claim 1 is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, it is characterised in that key step comprises wholely, applies fertilizer, sowing, field management, peanut straw also field.
4. cassava cover according to claim 3 is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following operation: after doing before harvesting in winter wholely, through plough, rake, trench digging, ridging, smooth, open plant row farming operation activity, monoblock cassava ground surrounding open zanjon; It is 200 centimetres that cassava opens the line-spacing of plantation row, plants three row peanuts between the line-spacing of cassava, and its line-spacing is successively according to 60 centimetres, 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres.
5. cassava cover according to claim 3 is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, it is characterized in that peanut straw is also undertaken by following operation in field: peanut is once sprayed water by the day before yesterday of results peanut, peanut is all uprooped by next day, by climing both sides 20 centimeters being embedded in cassava row after results peanut, then cover soil.
6. cassava cover according to claim 3 is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, it is characterised in that sowing is undertaken by following operation: cassava puts cassava kind stem according to the specification of 200cm*100cm in 100 centimeters, then covers soil; Peanut is according to specification bunch planting peanut seed between two nest fertilizer of 40cm*17cm, and every cave program request 2 seeds, then cover soil.
7. cassava cover according to claim 3 is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, it is characterized in that field management is undertaken by following operation: water pipe house steward is laid in the direction being perpendicular to plantation row at balk, house steward installs rising pipe every 1-1.5 rice, in the middle of plantation row, put water-band, regularly spray water; The 2nd day or the 3rd day sunny dusk after water spray, spray broad spectrum weeding agent; Within latter 20 days, 60 days, respectively peanut seedling is sprayed insecticide and choline dichloride in sowing.
8. cassava cover according to claim 3 is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, it is characterized in that fertilising is undertaken by following operation: the spacing in the rows of cassava is local composite fertilizer 15-15-15, urea, potassium sulfate and the fertilizer of successively spreading manuer in holes of 100 centimetres, and after fertilising, fertilizer and subsoil mix even; In cassava plantation row successively according to 60 centimetres, 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres between be interposed between same local composite fertilizer 15-15-15, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, lime and the fertilizer of successively spreading manuer in holes.
9. cassava cover according to claim 8 is cultivated peanut and the method in peanut straw also field, it is characterised in that fertilising is undertaken by following operation: the local amount of application successively spreading manuer in holes composite fertilizer 15-15-15, urea, potassium sulfate and fertilizer that the spacing in the rows of cassava is 100 centimetres is respectively 200-400kg/ha, 45-90kg/ha, 50-100kg/ha, 6-15t/ha; In cassava plantation row successively according to 60 centimetres, 40 centimetres, 40 centimetres between be interposed between the same local amount of application successively spreading manuer in holes composite fertilizer 15-15-15, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, lime and fertilizer and be respectively 125-250kg/ha, 100-200kg/ha, 120-240kg/ha, 2-4t/ha.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN107624576A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-26 | 界首市俊良种植专业合作社 | One, which cultivates peanut, interplants the implantation methods of sweet potato |
| CN107711374A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-02-23 | 贵港市梁记甘蔗种植专业合作社 | One cultivate peanut interplanting cassava method |
| CN109122117A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Rice wheat straw is in the ranks coated with net stubble type of seeding |
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| CN107711374A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-02-23 | 贵港市梁记甘蔗种植专业合作社 | One cultivate peanut interplanting cassava method |
| CN107624576A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-26 | 界首市俊良种植专业合作社 | One, which cultivates peanut, interplants the implantation methods of sweet potato |
| CN109122117A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Rice wheat straw is in the ranks coated with net stubble type of seeding |
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Application publication date: 20160601 |