CN105583381A - 用于形成金属棒的机器 - Google Patents
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000923 precious metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chloride Inorganic materials [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
- B22D9/003—Machines or plants for casting ingots for top casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D5/00—Machines or plants for pig or like casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/022—Casting heavy metals, with exceedingly high melting points, i.e. more than 1600 degrees C, e.g. W 3380 degrees C, Ta 3000 degrees C, Mo 2620 degrees C, Zr 1860 degrees C, Cr 1765 degrees C, V 1715 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/025—Casting heavy metals with high melting point, i.e. 1000 - 1600 degrees C, e.g. Co 1490 degrees C, Ni 1450 degrees C, Mn 1240 degrees C, Cu 1083 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/027—Casting heavy metals with low melting point, i.e. less than 1000 degrees C, e.g. Zn 419 degrees C, Pb 327 degrees C, Sn 232 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D47/00—Casting plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
- B22D7/064—Cooling the ingot moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
- B22D7/066—Manufacturing, repairing or reinforcing ingot moulds
- B22D7/068—Manufacturing, repairing or reinforcing ingot moulds characterised by the materials used therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于形成金属棒的机器,特别用于制造由诸如金、银的贵金属、贵金属合金以及其他纯金属或不同合金制成的铸块,包括设置有冷却表面的固化台,所述冷却表面具有通孔并用冷却流体冷却;所述冷却表面由铜、铝或其合金或适用于受控的热消散的其他材料制成;所述机器的特征在于,所述冷却表面包括铸块模具引入并搁置其上的滑动表面;所述冷却流体相对于所述铸块模具的引入方向纵向和/或横向地通过。
Description
本申请是国际申请日为2012年3月29日、名称为“用于形成金属棒的机器”、国家申请号为201280016462.1(国际申请号为PCT/US2012/001377)的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于形成金属棒、尤其适用于对诸如金、银的贵金属、贵金属合金以及其他纯金属或不同合金进行熔化和随后的连续固化以制造铸块的机器,如在权利要求1的前序部分中所描述。
背景技术
如所已知,制造尤其由金、银、贵金属合金、其他纯金属和不同合金制成的铸块通常借助于两种不同的方法来获得。
当制造5g至50g的轻铸块时,习惯于进行从诸如圆柱形的预先形成的垫料或坯料的半成品开始冷模塑和模压过程。
当制造重量在50g与50Kg之间变化的铸块时,替代地使用熔化方法和随后在特定模具中对金属进行固化。
在实践中,将各种尺寸的粉末、颗粒或松散原料形式的待熔化的金属放置在钢包内,在该钢包中使其熔化。随后,将熔化的金属倾倒在通常成形以形成截梯形的单个铸块模具中,在该模具中,使其具有铸块的形状固化。
考虑到所获得的最终产品必须符合严格且特定标准要求,这两个操作(熔化操作和随后固化材料的操作)必须特别小心地进行。
实际上,市场可购得的铸块(除了在由纯金属制成的情况下具有精确纯度或者在由合金制成的情况下具有精确的纯金属百分比(所谓的“计数”))必须具有极其精确的尺寸和重量、具有规则表面的外部配置、没有凹陷或破裂、均匀的着色以及首要地它们必须具有完美的内部金相结构、没有气孔、微孔以及结构张力。
为了避免获得不能允许获得“冲压”的有缺陷的铸块(其因此将会被认为是废料),必须非常小心地进行整个制造周期,尤其在熔化、固化以及冷却金属的步骤过程中。
根据现有的技术状态,除了手工制造之外,制造铸块通过使用具备熔缸(来自该熔缸的熔化的金属被倾倒至铸块模具中)的熔炉也使用相当大尺寸的机械设备来进行,其中通过连续的自动周期来执行主要的工作步骤。
先前技术的最重要文件是:JP4305359A、US2001/050157A1、DE20012066U1以及US2007/289715A1。
发明内容
本发明的目标在于提供一种用于形成金属棒、尤其用于制造由贵金属和非贵金属材料制成的铸块并且尽管包括熔化和固化材料的步骤但是不具有已知类型的机械设备所展示的缺点的机器。
此目标是通过提供其中存在接连布置的六个操作台的机器来获得,其中:
–在定义为“装载区”的第一台中,进行将固体金属放置在铸块模具中、添加特定的化学添加剂(该添加剂与材料的结晶结构反应以防止在随后的熔化步骤过程中形成不均匀和内部张力)、放置盖子用于封闭铸块模具,并且其中存在用于在整个操作周期中将所有铸块模具向前移动的推动装置;
–在通常定义为“熔炉”的第二台中,进行根据预定温度/时间参数来熔化包含在铸块模具中的金属;
–在定义为“二次添加”的第三台中,将化学添加剂放置在仍是液体的金属上,这消除了趋向于在随后的固化步骤过程中形成在铸块表面上的不均匀。
–在定义为“固化区”的第四台中,进行根据预定温度/时间参数来固化铸块模具中的金属;
–在定义为“冷却区”的第五台中,进行冷却固体铸块,并且其中,当需要快速冷却时,将以上提及的铸块卸载到包含有冷却流体的桶中,该铸块在得到完全冷却时从桶中进行收集;
–在定义为“卸载区”的第六台中,卸载铸块模具,铸块模具在正常冷却的情况下可以包含铸块或者在快速冷却并且单独地收回冷却的铸块的情况下它们可以是空的。
附图说明
将通过参照附图藉由非限制性示例提供的本发明的可能实施例来描述使得本发明的特征更加清楚,附图中:
图1表示根据本发明的机器的正视图;
图2表示装载台中的铸块模具的详细图;
图3表示金属熔化台中的t/T°(时间/温度)图示;
图4.1和4.2表示不同冷却模式下固化台中的铸块模具的详细图;
图5表示在固化步骤过程中铸块模具的滑板的三种不同配置。
具体实施方式
如从图中可观察出,根据本发明的机器(通常以参考数字100指示)包括:
–用于装载和推动铸块模具1的台(以参考数字101指示);
–包含在铸块模具中的金属熔化台(以参考数字102指示);
–用于静止的液体金属上的“二次添加”的台(以参考数字103指示);
–用于固化熔化的金属的台(以参考数字104指示);
–用于冷却固体铸块的台(以参考数字105指示);
–用于卸载铸块模具的台(以参考数字106指示);
如从图1可以看出,在第一操作台101的装载表面上放置有空的铸块模具1,由石墨或任何其他耐熔材料制成的隔板2置于铸块模具与下一个铸块模具之间或者两个或更多个相邻铸块模具的群组之间,所述隔板具有维持单个铸块模具之间或者铸块模具群组之间的预定距离的功能,方式为使得形成“铸块模具队列”的铸块模具1在向前移动过程中始终正确地放置在工作区域内;另外,所述操作表面还具备推动设备3,推动设备可以不同的方式进行驱动,诸如通过蜗杆螺钉、气动装置、液压装置或者任何其他装置,其提供以预定“节距”推动上述队列向前并且随后返回,并因此空出上述装载表面上的空间,以便允许放置另外的空的铸块模具。
从操作的观点来看,在每个单个铸块模具1中,倾倒有各种尺寸的粉末、颗粒或细屑形式精确重量的金属(倾倒元件“A”),并且添加有化学添加剂(给料元件“B”),化学添加剂与金属中含有的杂质发生化学反应并且由硼酸、硼砂、硝酸钾、铵、钠、锂和钾和氯化钠单独使用地或混合使用地制成。
最后,在所述第一台101中,进行放置盖子4以用于封闭填满的铸块模具。
从构造的观点来看,如图2中可以详细看出,铸块模具1可以具有的高度尺寸使得当其填满精确重量的金属时,其盖子4抵靠在金属上,但是相对于铸块模具的边缘的邻接部保持升高,这允许盖子的底部挤压并且因此规则地压紧粉末、颗粒或细屑,这样使得在随后的熔化步骤过程中,当金属质量所占据的体积逐渐减小甚至达到初始固体体积的三分之一时,盖子随着金属熔化逐步降低,直到其抵靠在上述邻接部上,因此密封地封闭铸块模具。
此外,铸块模具1的内部空间由两个不同体积组成:下部体积1.1构成实际“模具”,其中根据国际标准(诸如像LMBA标准)或者通过客户的其他具体要求确定铸块的形状和尺寸;以及可以不同地配置的第二上部体积1.2,目的在于在装载步骤过程中促进金属的放置。
随后,推动设备3将“队列”从台101推动用于将铸块模具供应到熔化台102,其中可从存在其中铸块模具和隔板在没有受控的大气压下在耐熔表面上滑动的加热熔炉5或者在其中铸块模具和隔板在隧道表面上或者导轨上滑动、以不同方式被加热(穿过电阻器、通过电磁感应、穿过气体类型或任何其他类型的燃烧器)达到操作温度的隧道6;通过示例,对于由银(Ag)制成的铸块来说,此温度为约1150℃。而对于由金(Au)制成的铸块来说,此温度为约1250℃,并且在隧道中或导轨中存在吹入的惰性气体,诸如氮、氮与氢混合物(其中氢(H)最大量为4.5%)以便产生“惰性”环境,这防止铸块模具和盖子受到氧化并且因此防止快速磨损并保持熔化的金属免受氧的影响。
实际上,重复地并且不断地调整隧道内的铸块的熔化温度的困难通过使用“感应”加热得到了部分地克服,其中加热温度的增加(热梯度)以至少两个斜度发生(图3):高达达到熔化温度的设定值的至少90%的快速斜度(a)和具有较小倾斜轮廓的一个或多个斜度(b、c)(参见图3)。
此外,为了减少隧道6内的惰性气体的热量和大气压的目的,在“队列”的出口和入口的侧向开口处提供通过例如剪切技术获得的移动隔壁7的应用,这些隔壁产生移动的或柔韧的绝缘耐熔屏障,其移动是手动的或自动的。
随后,仍然从操作的观点来看,一旦经过了熔化时间,则启动推动设备3,这提供将“队列”向前移动;存在于装载表面上的铸块模具被推到熔炉5/隧道6中,并且同样又将存在于熔炉5/隧道6中的铸块模具推动离开,目的在于允许包含熔化的金属的铸块模具随后进入“二次添加”的台103并且随后进入固化台104中。
从操作的观点来看,在台103中,进行借助于机械类型、气动类型或任何其他类型的夹具使铸块模具的盖子升高,同时机械类型、气动类型或任何其他类型的给料系统在每个单个铸块模具1中在熔化的金属上添加精确量的化学添加剂(给料元件“C”),化学添加剂与熔化的金属中含有的杂质发生反应,该添加剂由硼酸、硼砂、硝酸钾、铵、钠、锂和钾以及氯化钠单独使用地或混合使用地制成;随后,将盖子重新放置在铸块模具上。
另外,在“二次添加”的过程中,应产生“性”环境,对此来说,引入诸如氮气、氩或氮与氢混合物的惰性气体流,这防止铸块模具和盖子的氧化并且保护以液体形式静止的金属免受氧的影响。随后,在固化台104中,包含熔化的金属并且由盖子封闭的炽热温度的铸块模具滑动直到它们停止在冷却表面10上,冷却表面10借助于存在于其内的通孔通过水来冷却并且使用铜、铝或其合金或使用适用于受控的热消散的其他材料制成,其中它们根据有待固化的材料量保持预定的时间段(平均1至5分钟),直到整个质量的完全固化。
另外,在固化过程中,应产生“惰性”环境,因此引入诸如氮、氩或氮与氢混合物的惰性气体流,这防止铸块模具和盖子的氧化并且保护被固化的金属免受氧影响。
具体来说,取决于铸块需要获得的内部金属结构(应具有大、中等或小结晶体和或多或少显著的固化收缩),固化站104可以具备:用于使热消散减缓的另外的绝缘或耐熔冷却板11;此类板可以能够具备用于限定局部的热区域的凹槽,这些板放置在铸块模具和盖子的一个或多个侧面附近或与其接触(参见图4.1);和/或用于使冷却减缓的另外的加热板21,其由石墨、金属或耐熔或绝缘材料制成、平滑或具备凸起或凹入的适合的轧齿边,其可以放置在冷却板10与铸块模具1之间(参见图4.2)。
替代地,当需要精确控制热力固化梯度时,为了获得具有最适合的固化金属结构的铸块的目的,固化站104可以具备也定位在铸块模具周围和盖子上的例如使用电阻器、气体或使用任何其他装置来加热的加热面板12。
此外,为了具有精确地确定热力梯度的进一步可能性的目的,取决于铸块需要采用的内部金属结构,冷却板10可以具有滑动表面(铸块模具在固化步骤中停留在该表面上),其具有平坦并且平滑的表面或者具备凸起或凹入的轧齿边;另外,冷却流体的通过可以相对于铸块模具的“队列”的移动方向纵向地和/或横向地来实现(参见图5)。
由于构造原因,在一些情况下,“二次添加”站103和固化站104可以合并在单个站103/104中,其中顺序地执行添加和固化步骤。
随后,铸块模具在冷却台105中通过,并且根据设定的制造时间并且根据材料类型和制造的铸块的“大小”,此操作可以通过两个不同的操作模式而进行。
具体来说,两种冷却方法是:
–正常冷却:具有仍然非常热的铸块的铸块模具在自由环境中经受受控的冷却并且它们随后被发送到卸载台106。
–铸块的快速冷却:当将具有仍然非常热的固体铸块的铸块模具带到冷却区域时,它们被清空并且铸块投入冷却水桶13中,而空的铸块模具被发送到卸载台106。
从操作的观点来看,快速冷却提供借助于机械类型、气动类型或任何其他类型的夹具来升高铸块模具的盖子,而机械类型、气动类型或任何其他类型的致动器将铸块模具锁定在底座上。
随后,上述致动器使铸块模具旋转并倾斜,并且通过重力,热的铸块落到没入冷却桶13中的筐14中,该筐在适当的冷却时间之后通过平移运动从上述桶离开以允许收集冷却的铸块20。
随后,相反,在空的筐14返回之后,重新定位空的铸块模具并且降低盖子,头部推动设备3将“队列”向前移动,这样使得空的铸块模具滑动,最后定位在卸载台106中,从卸载台与铸块20一起被收集。
具体来说,所述卸载台106可以适当地延伸,以便允许铸块模具的“队列”保持暴露在冷却表面上持续长时间段,以便能够逐渐达到适于允许应收集那些空模具(在快速冷却的情况下)或者应移除盖子并且从铸块模具收集冷却的铸块(在正常冷却的情况下)的操作者容易操纵的温度。
因此,所设想的发明可以经受多种变体和修改,并且其构造细节可以由技术上等效的元件替换,所以这些落在由以下权利要求限定的发明概念之内。
Claims (10)
1.用于形成金属棒的机器、特别用于制造由诸如金、银的贵金属、贵金属合金以及其他纯金属或不同合金制成的铸块,包括设置有冷却表面的固化台,所述冷却表面具有通孔并用冷却流体冷却;所述冷却表面由铜、铝或其合金或适用于受控的热消散的其他材料制成;所述机器的特征在于,所述冷却表面包括铸块模具引入并搁置其上的滑动表面;所述冷却流体相对于所述铸块模具的引入方向纵向和/或横向地通过。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机器,其特征在于,所述冷却表面是平坦且光滑的。
3.根据前述权利要求中一项或多项的机器,其特征在于,所述冷却表面包括凸起或凹入的轧齿边。
4.根据前述权利要求中一项或多项的机器,其特征在于,所述固化台包括用于减缓冷却过程的加热板,加热板由石墨、金属或耐熔或绝缘材料制成;所述加热板放置在所述冷却表面与所述铸块模具之间。
5.根据前述权利要求中一项或多项的机器,其特征在于,所述加热板包括光滑表面。
6.根据前述权利要求中一项或多项的机器,其特征在于,所述加热板包括具备凸起或凹入的适合的轧齿边的表面。
7.根据前述权利要求中一项或多项的机器,其特征在于,所述固化台包括冷却或热绝缘板,其具备用于限定局部的热区域的凹槽;所述冷却或热绝缘板放置在铸块模具和其盖子的一个或多个侧面附近或与铸块模具和其盖子的一个或多个侧面接触。
8.根据前述权利要求中一项或多项的机器,其特征在于,所述固化台包括定位在铸块模具周围或盖子上的电阻器类型、气体类型或通过其他装置来加热的加热面板。
9.根据前述权利要求中一项或多项的机器,其特征在于,所述固化台包括惰性环境,惰性环境包括诸如氮、氩或氮与氢混合物的惰性气体,其防止所述铸块模具和所述盖子的氧化并且保护以液态形式静止的金属免受氧的影响。
10.根据前述权利要求中一项或多项的机器,其特征在于,所述固化台合并到还包括二次添加台的单个台中。
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