US20160228944A1 - Machine for forming metal bars - Google Patents

Machine for forming metal bars Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160228944A1
US20160228944A1 US14/859,539 US201514859539A US2016228944A1 US 20160228944 A1 US20160228944 A1 US 20160228944A1 US 201514859539 A US201514859539 A US 201514859539A US 2016228944 A1 US2016228944 A1 US 2016228944A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
machine according
cooling
cooling surface
ingot moulds
ingot
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Abandoned
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US14/859,539
Inventor
Giovanni Faoro
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Ikoi SpA
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Ikoi SpA
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Priority to US14/859,539 priority Critical patent/US20160228944A1/en
Assigned to IKOI S.R.L. reassignment IKOI S.R.L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FAORO, Giovanni
Publication of US20160228944A1 publication Critical patent/US20160228944A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
    • B22D9/003—Machines or plants for casting ingots for top casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D5/00—Machines or plants for pig or like casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/022—Casting heavy metals, with exceedingly high melting points, i.e. more than 1600 degrees C, e.g. W 3380 degrees C, Ta 3000 degrees C, Mo 2620 degrees C, Zr 1860 degrees C, Cr 1765 degrees C, V 1715 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/025—Casting heavy metals with high melting point, i.e. 1000 - 1600 degrees C, e.g. Co 1490 degrees C, Ni 1450 degrees C, Mn 1240 degrees C, Cu 1083 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/027—Casting heavy metals with low melting point, i.e. less than 1000 degrees C, e.g. Zn 419 degrees C, Pb 327 degrees C, Sn 232 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D47/00—Casting plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/064—Cooling the ingot moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/066—Manufacturing, repairing or reinforcing ingot moulds
    • B22D7/068—Manufacturing, repairing or reinforcing ingot moulds characterised by the materials used therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots

Definitions

  • the present invention regards a machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots made of precious metal such as gold, silver, precious alloys, as well as other pure metals or different alloys.
  • producing ingots in particular made of gold, silver, precious alloys, other pure metals and different alloys, is usually obtained by means of two different methods.
  • a cold moulding and coining process starting from semi-finished products, such as cylindrical-shaped preformed pads or billets.
  • the melting method and subsequent solidification of the metal in the special moulds When producing ingots with weight varying between 50 g and 50 Kg there is instead used the melting method and subsequent solidification of the metal in the special moulds.
  • the metal to be melted is placed within ladles, in form of powders, granules or loose raw materials of various sizes, wherein it is brought to melting. Then the molten metal is poured in single ingot moulds, generally shaped to form a truncated-trapezoid wherein, solidifying, it takes the form of an ingot.
  • the ingots available in the market besides having an exact purity if made of pure metal, or an exact percentage of pure metal if made of an alloy (the so-called “count”), must have extremely precise dimensions and weight, an external configuration with regular surfaces, without depressions or cracks, a uniform coloration and, above all, they must have a perfect internal metal-graphic structure, without blowholes, microporosities and structural tensions.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots, made of precious and non-precious material and, which does not have the drawbacks revealed by the plants of the known type.
  • FIG. 1 represents an elevational view of the machine according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 represent detailed views of the ingot mould, in the solidification station, with different cooling modes
  • FIG. 4 represents three different configurations of the sliding plate of the ingot moulds, during the solidification step.
  • the machine according to the invention comprises a station for solidifying the molten metal, indicated with reference 104 .
  • the incandescent temperature ingot moulds 1 containing the molten metal and closed by covers 4 , slide until they stop on a cooling surface 10 , cooled with water by means of passage holes present therewithin and made using copper, aluminium or alloys thereof or other materials suitable for the controlled dispersion of heat, in which they remain for a predefined period of time, averaging 1 to 5 minutes, as a function of the amount of material to be solidified, up to the complete solidification of the entire mass.
  • inert gas such as Nitrogen, Argon or Nitrogen-Hydrogen mixture, which prevents the oxidation of the ingot moulds and the covers and protects the metal being solidified against oxygen.
  • the solidification station 104 may be provided with further insulating or refractory cooling plates 11 for slowing the thermal dispersion.
  • Such plates may be possibly provided with notches for defining the localized heat areas, which are placed near or in contact with one or more sides of the ingot mould 1 and of the cover 4 (see FIG. 2 ), and/or further heating plates 21 for slowing the cooling, made of graphite, metal or refractory or insulating materials, smooth or provided with suitable millings in relief or recessed, which may be placed between the cooling plate 10 and the ingot mould 1 (see FIG. 3 ).
  • the solidification station 104 may be provided with heating panels 12 for example heated using electrical resistors, gas or using any other means, also positioned around the ingot mould and on the cover.
  • the cooling plate 10 may have the sliding surface, on which the ingot moulds stop in the solidification step, having a flat and smooth surface, or provided with millings in relief or recessed. Furthermore, the passage of the cooling fluid may be executed longitudinally and/or transversely to the direction of movement of the “trains” of ingot moulds (see FIG. 4 ).
  • the solidification station is incorporated in a single station which also comprises a station of secondary addition wherein a chemical additive is added to the molten metal in ingot mold 1 , which creates a chemical reaction with the impurities in the molten metal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots made of precious metal such as gold, silver, precious alloys, as well as other pure metals or different alloys, which includes a solidification station provided with a cooling surface having passage holes and being cooled with cooling fluid. The cooling surface being made of copper, aluminium or alloys thereof or other materials suitable for the controlled dispersion of heat and having a sliding surface on which the ingot moulds are inserted and rested. The cooling fluid passes longitudinally and/or transversely to the direction of insertion of said ingot moulds.

Description

  • This is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/007,910, filed Oct. 17, 2013, which in turn is the National Stage of PCT/EP2012/001377 filed on Mar. 29, 2012, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of Italian Application No. VI2011A000076 filed on Apr. 1, 2011. The international application under PCT article 21(2) was published in English. The disclosures of the referenced applications are incorporated herein by reference.
  • The present invention regards a machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots made of precious metal such as gold, silver, precious alloys, as well as other pure metals or different alloys.
  • As known, producing ingots, in particular made of gold, silver, precious alloys, other pure metals and different alloys, is usually obtained by means of two different methods. When producing light ingots, from 5 g up to 50 g, there is used a cold moulding and coining process, starting from semi-finished products, such as cylindrical-shaped preformed pads or billets.
  • When producing ingots with weight varying between 50 g and 50 Kg there is instead used the melting method and subsequent solidification of the metal in the special moulds. In practice, the metal to be melted is placed within ladles, in form of powders, granules or loose raw materials of various sizes, wherein it is brought to melting. Then the molten metal is poured in single ingot moulds, generally shaped to form a truncated-trapezoid wherein, solidifying, it takes the form of an ingot.
  • Such two operations, the melting one and the subsequent one for solidifying the material, must be carried out with special care, given that the obtained end-product must meet strict and specific standard requirements.
  • Actually the ingots available in the market, besides having an exact purity if made of pure metal, or an exact percentage of pure metal if made of an alloy (the so-called “count”), must have extremely precise dimensions and weight, an external configuration with regular surfaces, without depressions or cracks, a uniform coloration and, above all, they must have a perfect internal metal-graphic structure, without blowholes, microporosities and structural tensions.
  • In order to avoid obtaining faulty ingots not capable of allowing obtaining “punching”, which would thus be considered as waste material, it is necessary that the entire production cycle be carried out with much care, in particular during the steps of melting, solidifying and cooling the metal.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots, made of precious and non-precious material and, which does not have the drawbacks revealed by the plants of the known type.
  • The characteristics of the invention will be made more clear through the description of a possible embodiment thereof, provided by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:
  • FIG. 1 represents an elevational view of the machine according to the invention;
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 represent detailed views of the ingot mould, in the solidification station, with different cooling modes;
  • FIG. 4 represents three different configurations of the sliding plate of the ingot moulds, during the solidification step.
    •
  • As observable from the drawings, the machine according to the invention, generally indicated with reference 100, comprises a station for solidifying the molten metal, indicated with reference 104.
  • In the solidification station 104 the incandescent temperature ingot moulds 1, containing the molten metal and closed by covers 4, slide until they stop on a cooling surface 10, cooled with water by means of passage holes present therewithin and made using copper, aluminium or alloys thereof or other materials suitable for the controlled dispersion of heat, in which they remain for a predefined period of time, averaging 1 to 5 minutes, as a function of the amount of material to be solidified, up to the complete solidification of the entire mass.
  • Also in the solidification process there should be created an “inert” environment, hence there is introduced a flow of inert gas such as Nitrogen, Argon or Nitrogen-Hydrogen mixture, which prevents the oxidation of the ingot moulds and the covers and protects the metal being solidified against oxygen.
  • Specifically, depending on the internal metal structure the ingot is required to obtain, which should have large, medium or small crystals and a more or less marked solidification shrinkage, the solidification station 104 may be provided with further insulating or refractory cooling plates 11 for slowing the thermal dispersion. Such plates may be possibly provided with notches for defining the localized heat areas, which are placed near or in contact with one or more sides of the ingot mould 1 and of the cover 4 (see FIG. 2), and/or further heating plates 21 for slowing the cooling, made of graphite, metal or refractory or insulating materials, smooth or provided with suitable millings in relief or recessed, which may be placed between the cooling plate 10 and the ingot mould 1 (see FIG. 3).
  • Alternatively, when there is required an accurate control of the thermodynamic solidification gradients, with the aim of obtaining an ingot with the most suitable solidified metal structure the solidification station 104 may be provided with heating panels 12 for example heated using electrical resistors, gas or using any other means, also positioned around the ingot mould and on the cover.
  • Furthermore, with the aim of having a further possibility of accurately determining the thermodynamic gradients, depending on the internal metal structure the ingot is required to take, the cooling plate 10 may have the sliding surface, on which the ingot moulds stop in the solidification step, having a flat and smooth surface, or provided with millings in relief or recessed. Furthermore, the passage of the cooling fluid may be executed longitudinally and/or transversely to the direction of movement of the “trains” of ingot moulds (see FIG. 4).
  • Due to construction reasons, in some cases the solidification station is incorporated in a single station which also comprises a station of secondary addition wherein a chemical additive is added to the molten metal in ingot mold 1, which creates a chemical reaction with the impurities in the molten metal.
  • The invention thus conceived can be subjected to numerous variants and modifications and the construction details thereof can be replaced by technically equivalent elements, all falling within the inventive concept defined by the following claims.

Claims (11)

1. A machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots made of precious metal such as gold, silver, precious alloys, as well as other pure metals or different alloys, utilizing ingot molds each having a cover, said machine comprising a solidification station provided with a cooling surface, said cooling surface having passage holes and being cooled with cooling fluid passing through said passage holes, said cooling surface being made of copper, aluminium or alloys thereof or other materials suitable for the controlled dispersion of heat, said cooling surface further includes a sliding surface on which the ingot moulds are inserted and rested, said cooling fluid passing through the passage holes of said cooling surface longitudinally and/or transversely to the direction of insertion of said ingot moulds.
2. The machine according to claim 1, wherein said cooling surface is flat and smooth.
3. The machine according to claim 1, wherein said cooling surface comprises millings in relief or recessed.
4. The machine according to claim 1, wherein said solidification station comprises heating plates for slowing down the cooling process, made of graphite, metal or refractory or insulating materials, said heating plates being interposed between said cooling surface and said ingot moulds.
5. The machine according to claim 4, wherein said heating plates comprise smooth surfaces.
6. The machine according to claim 4, wherein said heating plates comprise surfaces provided with suitable millings in relief or recessed.
7. The machine according to claim 1, wherein said solidification station comprises cooling or thermal insulation plates, provided with notches for defining localized heat areas, said cooling or thermal insulation plates being placed near or in contact with one or more sides of the ingot moulds and their covers.
8. The machine according to claim 1, wherein said solidification station comprises heating panels of the electrical resistor type, gas-type or heated with other means, positioned around the ingot moulds and on the covers.
9. The machine according to claim 1, wherein said solidification station comprises an inert environment which comprises an inert gas which prevents oxidation of said ingot moulds and said covers and protects the metal still in liquid form against oxygen.
10. The machine according to claim 1, wherein said inert gas comprises nitrogen, argon or nitrogen-hydrogen mixture.
11. The machine according to claim 1, wherein said solidification station is incorporated in a single station which also comprises a station of secondary chemical addition.
US14/859,539 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars Abandoned US20160228944A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/859,539 US20160228944A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000076A ITVI20110076A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 MACHINE FOR FORMING METAL BARS
ITVI2011A000076 2011-04-01
PCT/EP2012/001377 WO2012130451A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/007,910 US9168582B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,539 US20160228944A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/007,910 Division US9168582B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars
PCT/EP2012/001377 Division WO2012130451A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars

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US20160228944A1 true US20160228944A1 (en) 2016-08-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/007,910 Active US9168582B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,539 Abandoned US20160228944A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,570 Abandoned US20160008875A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,588 Abandoned US20160008874A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US15/882,469 Active US10137495B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2018-01-29 Machine for forming metal bars

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/007,910 Active US9168582B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars

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US14/859,570 Abandoned US20160008875A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,588 Abandoned US20160008874A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US15/882,469 Active US10137495B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2018-01-29 Machine for forming metal bars

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (5) US9168582B2 (en)
EP (4) EP2730348A3 (en)
JP (2) JP5941529B2 (en)
KR (4) KR20150131396A (en)
CN (4) CN103547393B (en)
AU (2) AU2012237528A1 (en)
BR (1) BR112013025106A2 (en)
CA (2) CA2836125A1 (en)
HK (4) HK1192863A1 (en)
IT (1) ITVI20110076A1 (en)
RU (3) RU2602924C2 (en)
SG (2) SG193456A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012130451A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201306824B (en)

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ITBO20130679A1 (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-07 Tera Automation S R L MACHINE, AND ITS METHOD, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONTINUOUS METALLIC LINES
US10279389B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2019-05-07 Ikoi S.P.A. Mold for producing ingots and bars made of precious metal
EP3140064A1 (en) 2014-05-06 2017-03-15 IKOI S.r.l. Apparatus, plant and method for producing ingots and metal bars and for monitoring the quality thereof
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CN106180633B (en) * 2016-08-29 2019-03-15 冯强 Magnet steel die casting equipment
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CN108746517B (en) * 2018-08-16 2024-04-26 深圳市金鼎丰贵金属设备科技有限公司 Vacuum continuous ingot furnace and ingot casting process thereof
KR102244725B1 (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-04-27 피아오싱지 Melting and deformation processing device and method for copper
IT202000005248A1 (en) 2020-03-11 2021-09-11 Ikoi S P A IMPROVED GRAPHITE CONTAINER, ESPECIALLY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF INGOTS.
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IT202000018775A1 (en) * 2020-07-31 2022-01-31 Tera Automation S R L PLANT FOR PRODUCTION OF METAL INGOTS, PARTICULARLY FOR PRECIOUS METAL INGOTS, AND RELATED PRODUCTION METHOD
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