CN105580686A - Cultivation method for improving fruit shape of crystal honey pomelo - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving fruit shape of crystal honey pomelo Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving the fruit shape of crystal honey pomelo, and belongs to the field of pomelo cultivation technologies. According to the cultivation method, the crystal honey pomelo and Guanxi honey pomelo are intercropped at the proportion of 2:1-1:1, and pollen of the Guanxi honey pomelo is crossed to styli of the crystal honey pomelo based on the fact that the two different pomelo varieties, namely, the crystal honey pomelo and the Guanxi honey pomelo have the roughly same flowering period lasting from March to April every year, so that development of ovaries of the crystal honey pomelo is promoted; meanwhile, through reasonable fertilizer and water management and farm operation, the appearance and quality of the crystal honey pomelo are improved. Conventional crystal honey pomelo has a big-end-down fruit shape like a calabash with a flat bottom and has a long fruit neck with the length capable of reaching 5.0-6.0 cm generally. By the adoption of the method, the fruit neck of the obtained crystal honey pomelo is short and is 3.0-3.5 cm long, the requirement for the fruit shape of high-quality pomelo is met, and the technical defects that in a traditional cultivation technology, crystal honey pomelo is large in fruit neck length and poor in fruit shape are overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to shaddock cultivation technique field, be specifically related to a kind of cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape.
Background technology
Shaddock belongs to Rutaceae citrus plant, is the torrid zone, subtropical fruit, is rich in the various trace elements that human body needs, and isThe health fruit that consumers in general like. China is mainly distributed in the southern areas such as Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan. Shaddock has crystal honeyFruit is large, 1500-2500 gram/piece, long avette or pyriform; Fruit texture softness, juice polyvoltine slag, sour-sweet moderate, have seed few orThe feature of nothing, is subject to liking of consumers in general deeply. Ruili crystal honey shaddock is sold by selling, price be 16-25 unit/,There is higher comparative effectiveness. In recent years, crystal honey shaddock was exponential increase in cultivated area. But in conventional planting patternsUnder, the field of single crystal honey shaddock plantation, fruit shape circle is long, and fruit is large, and fruit neck is long-neck shape, like cucurbit head, appearance on marketBe on duty mutually. Therefore, change existing crystal honey shaddock cropping pattern and production management method, make full use of between different cultivars and mutually passPowder, improves the really cultural method of shape of crystal honey shaddock, has become the key technology that solves crystal honey shaddock fruit neck length, is that orchard worker improves receiptsThe technical measures of benefit demand.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape, lack with the technology that solves crystal honey shaddock fruit neck lengthFall into.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step (1), seeding row spacing (3.9-4.1) mx(4.9-5.1 is pressed in the plantation in shaddock orchard) m, every mu of 33-34 strain is planted;
Step (2), with two shaddock kinds of Guanxi small stream honey shaddock are carried out intercropping with the ratio of 2:1-1:1, needs the crystal honey You of seed selectionEnsure the 1-2 Ce You Guanxi small stream honey shaddock plantation of every strain crystal honey shaddock of plantation;
Step (3), the plant of step (2) intercropping is carried out to rich water quality management and farming operation by following classification:
A. become the fertilising of annual bearer: crystal honey shaddock becomes annual bearer to execute Hua Qianfei, steady according to following method with Guanxi small stream honey shaddockFertile, the strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer of fruit and fruit picking fertilizer;
A1. spend front fertilizer: execute Hua Qianfei in early December-late December, the quality of spending front fertile dose to account for annual total fertilization amount is dividedNumber is 39-41%; Every strain is grown up to tie to set and is executed well-rotted farmyard manure 50-100kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1-2kg, Jinsha jiang River urea 0.3-0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 1-2kg;
A2. steady fruit is fertile: execute steady fruit fertilizer at early March-late March, the fertile dose of steady fruit accounts for the mass fraction of annual total fertilization amount9-11%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute to become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 25-30kg, natural pond liquid 25-30kg or Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1-1.5kg;Thank and spend 2/3 No. 1, the green fragrant prestige that starts to spray 50ppm " 920 " or 800 times of liquid, spray once every 10-15d, continuous spraying 2 times, spraysTime, squirt and be advisable with blade face;
A3. strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer: execute strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer in May-June, the quality that strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer dose accounts for annual dose is dividedNumber is 29-31%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute urea 0.5-0.6kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1-1.5kg;
A4. fruit picking fertilizer: execute fruit picking fertilizer in early July-mid-July, the mass fraction that fruit picking fertilizer accounts for annual dose is 19-21%;Every strain becomes annual bearer to apply can rich composite fertilizer 1-1.5kg and potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3kg; Meanwhile, foliage-spray mass concentration is0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, 2-3 time, squirts and is advisable with blade face;
The N:P:K=15:15:15 of described Sa Kefu composite fertilizer;
B. water management: at the beginning of 11 months, dig at plant thing or drip place, north and south that 40-50cm is dark, 30-40cm is wide, 100-The ditch that 150cm is long, is completely cured, crab rooting and solarization root control water is to December, then executes Hua Qianfei and the covering of banketing;
The 3-5 month, every 7-10 days pours water once, pours water at every turn and need make water capacity reach 80%;
C. pruning: shaping adopts natural open centre shape;
When treelet shaping, dredge and delete overstocked branch and the branch that intersects, interior thorax branch, the weak branch in tree crown middle and lower part should retain;
The firstfruits phase summer nutritional tip of erasing, dredges and deletes overstocked branch;
Adopt the best fruiting period mode putting in a skylight to prune, and keep tree performance to hang down loosely, remove nutrition branch, weak branch and sick branch, to mistakeClose bough group bounces back, and the branch amount of removing accounts for the 24-26% of whole strain branch amount.
Further, preferably the mode of described pour water employing drip irrigation or micro-spray near the ground is carried out, the micro-spray of every strain near-earth1.5-2 hour or drip irrigation 3-4 hour.
Further, preferably Jinsha jiang River urea nitrogen content >=46.6% described in A1, the K in potassium sulfate2O≥52%，Effective P in calcium magnesium phosphate2O5≥15.0%。
Further, the preferably described cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape, comprises the following steps:
Step (1), seeding row spacing 4mx5m is pressed in the plantation in shaddock orchard, and every mu of 33-34 strain is planted;
Step (2), with two shaddock kinds of Guanxi small stream honey shaddock are carried out intercropping with the ratio of 2:1 or 1:1, needs the crystal honey You of seed selectionEnsure the 1-2 Ce You Guanxi small stream honey shaddock plantation of every strain crystal honey shaddock of plantation;
Step (3), the plant of step (2) intercropping is carried out to rich water quality management and farming operation by following classification:
A. become the fertilising of annual bearer: crystal honey shaddock becomes annual bearer to execute Hua Qianfei, steady according to following method with Guanxi small stream honey shaddockFertile, the strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer of fruit and fruit picking fertilizer;
A1. spend front fertilizer: execute Hua Qianfei in early December-late December, the quality of spending front fertile dose to account for annual total fertilization amount is dividedNumber is 40%; Every strain is grown up to tie to set and is executed well-rotted farmyard manure 80kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1.5kg, Jinsha jiang River urea 0.4kg, potassium sulfate0.23kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 1.8kg;
A2. steady fruit is fertile: execute steady fruit fertilizer at early March-late March, the fertile dose of steady fruit accounts for the mass fraction of annual total fertilization amount10%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute to become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 28kg, natural pond liquid 28kg or Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1.3kg; Thank and spend 2/3 to openBegin to spray No. 1, the green fragrant prestige of 50ppm " 920 " or 800 times of liquid, spray once every 13d, continuous spraying 2 times, while spraying, sprays with blade faceWet being advisable;
A3. strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer: execute strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer in May-June, the quality that strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer dose accounts for annual dose is dividedNumber is 30%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute urea 0.55kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1.3kg;
A4. fruit picking fertilizer: execute fruit picking fertilizer in early July-mid-July, the mass fraction that fruit picking fertilizer accounts for annual dose is 20%; OftenStrain becomes annual bearer to apply can rich composite fertilizer 1.4kg and potassium sulfate 0.25kg; Meanwhile, foliage-spray mass concentration is 0.3% phosphoric acidPotassium dihydrogen solution, 2-3 time, squirts and is advisable with blade face;
The N:P:K=15:15:15 of described Sa Kefu composite fertilizer;
B. water management: at the beginning of 11 months, dig at plant thing or drip place, north and south that 44-46cm is dark, 34-36cm is wide, 120-The ditch that 130cm is long, is completely cured, crab rooting and solarization root control water is to December, then executes Hua Qianfei and the covering of banketing;
The 3-5 month, within every 8 days, pour water once, pour water at every turn and need make water capacity reach 80%;
C. pruning: shaping adopts natural open centre shape;
When treelet shaping, dredge and delete overstocked branch and the branch that intersects, interior thorax branch, the weak branch in tree crown middle and lower part should retain;
The firstfruits phase summer nutritional tip of erasing, dredges and deletes overstocked branch;
Adopt the best fruiting period mode putting in a skylight to prune, and keep tree performance to hang down loosely, remove nutrition branch, weak branch and sick branch, to mistakeClose bough group bounces back, and the branch amount of removing accounts for 25% of whole strain branch amount.
Compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:
Due to cultural method of the present invention by adopting crystal honey You Yu Guanxi small stream honey shaddock carries out intercropping with the ratio of 2:1 or 1:1, promoteThe pollination of shaddock different lines, thus make plant increase crystal honey shaddock ovary development. By the inventive method, solve conventional kindCrystal honey shaddock fruit neck length in method for planting (fruit neck length 5.0-6.0cm), is the defect of cucurbit head, has realized fruit neck and has been short neck shape(fruit neck length 3.0-3.5cm), bottom is flat, reaches the choice criteria of high-quality shaddock outward appearance.
Cultural method of the present invention is by crystal honey You Yu Guanxi small stream honey shaddock carries out intercropping with the ratio of 2:1-1:1, utilizes waterTwo different shaddock kinds of brilliant sweet You He Guanxi small stream honey shaddock are roughly consistent florescence, and be annual 3-4 month ， Guanxi small stream honey shaddock flower florescencePowder string powder, to the style of crystal honey shaddock, has promoted the ovary development of crystal honey shaddock, meanwhile, and by the rational rich water pipe of the present inventionReason and farming operation, improved outward appearance and the quality of crystal honey shaddock.
Cultural method of the present invention has improved the output of shaddock: after general field planting, bear fruit at the beginning of three, within 5～6 years, generally enter Sheng8～10 years be shaddock local flavor relatively stable period term. Taking 10 years age of tree shaddock orchards as example, 50～70 of the every strains of conventional cultivation,Adopt the technology, 100～130 of the every strains of teak in 10 years, increase by 30～60/strain than traditional cultivation.
Cultural method of the present invention has improved shaddock quality: adopt after the technology of the present invention, crystal honey pomelo pericarp is thin and smooth; ReallyMeat exquisiteness, changes slag good, and pulp juice containing amount is high; Pulp low water part is less, does not even have low water phenomenon, is high-quality shaddock fruit,Thereby improve selling price, and then improved the income at plantation family.
The present invention, according to the needs of Market Selection shaddock fruit shape, improves outward appearance and the quality of crystal honey shaddock, forms medium fruit,Pericarp attenuation, fruit neck shortens, and reduce at low water position, realizes crystal honey shaddock profile medium, and body weight is large, and what the short end of neck was flat selects shaddock former.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 cultural method of the present invention and traditional cultivation method are cultivated the outline drawing of the crystal honey shaddock obtaining;
Fig. 2 cultural method of the present invention and traditional cultivation method are cultivated the cutaway view of the crystal honey shaddock obtaining;
In this two width figure, the crystal honey shaddock on the left side is that cultural method of the present invention is cultivated the crystal honey shaddock obtaining; The crystal honey on the rightShaddock is that traditional cultivation method is cultivated the crystal honey shaddock obtaining.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is only for the present invention is described, and should not be considered as limiting thisBright scope. Unreceipted concrete technology or condition person in embodiment, according to the described technology of the document in this area or conditionOr carry out according to product description. Agents useful for same or the instrument unreceipted person of production firm, is and can obtains by purchaseConventional products.
Embodiment 1
A cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step (1), selected field for the treatment of field planting shaddock is carried out whole ground, is beaten the pool, and seeding row spacing 3.9m is pressed in the plantation in shaddock orchardX4.9m, every mu of 33-34 strain is planted;
Step (2), with two shaddock kinds of Guanxi small stream honey shaddock are carried out intercropping with the ratio of 2:1, needs the crystal honey You of seed selection to ensureThe 2 Ce You Guanxi small stream honey shaddock plantations of every strain crystal honey shaddock of plantation;
Step (3), the plant of step (2) intercropping is carried out to rich water quality management and farming operation by following classification:
A. become the fertilising of annual bearer: crystal honey shaddock generally after field planting 5-6 enter the best fruiting period, this fertilising in period is not enough, leadsCause branch and take out the amount of sending out less, a little less than tree vigo(u)r turns, output reduces, and the economic life shortens, and therefore becomes the fertilizing time of annual bearer heavy dressing4 fertilizer: Hua Qianfei, fertile, the strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer of steady fruit and fruit picking fertilizer;
A1. spending the front fertilizer of front fertilizer: Shi Haohua is important well stimulation, executes Hua Qianfei in early December-late December, and it is mainly doneWith being strong flower, protecting flower, urging slightly, the mass fraction of spending front fertile dose to account for annual total fertilization amount is 39%; Every strain is grown up to tie to set and is executed corruptionRipe farm manure 50kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1kg, Jinsha jiang River urea 0.3kg, potassium sulfate 0.2kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 1kg; DescribedJinsha jiang River urea nitrogen content >=46.6%, the K in potassium sulfate2O >=52%, the effective P in calcium magnesium phosphate2O5≥15.0%。
A2. steady fruit is fertile: thank spend after to the physiological fallen fruit phase, execute steady fruit fertilizer at early March-late March, because this periodBe physiological fallen fruit, young fruit expanding stage, current fertilising can supply young fruit adequate nutrients, reduces shedding, improves percentage of fertile fruit, the fertile fertilising of steady fruitThe mass fraction that amount accounts for annual total fertilization amount is 9%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute to become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 25kg, natural pond liquid 25kg or spreadsCan rich composite fertilizer 1kg; Thank and spend 2/3 No. 1, the green fragrant prestige that starts to spray 50ppm " 920 " or 800 times of liquid, spray once every 10d, canReduce shedding, promote that young fruit expands, continuous spraying 2 times, while spraying, squirts and is advisable with blade face;
A3. strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer: execute strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer in May-June, at this moment enter rainy season, on the occasion of the rapid expanding stage of fruit, strong fruitThe mass fraction that tip-promoting fertilizer dose accounts for annual dose is 31%; It is compound that every strain becomes annual bearer to execute urea 0.5kg, Sa KefuFertile 1kg;
A4. fruit picking fertilizer: fertilising before fruit picking, point deficiency of can supplemental tree recuperating, also can increase the circularity of fruit, early July-Execute fruit picking fertilizer mid-July, the mass fraction that fruit picking fertilizer accounts for annual dose is 21%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to apply can be rich compoundFertile 1kg and potassium sulfate 0.2kg; Meanwhile, foliage-spray mass concentration is 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 time, squirts with blade faceBe advisable;
The N:P:K=15:15:15 of described Sa Kefu composite fertilizer;
B. water management: at the beginning of 11 months, dig at plant thing or drip place, north and south that 40-50cm is dark, 30-40cm is wide, 100-The ditch that 150cm is long, is completely cured, crab rooting and solarization root control water is to December, then executes Hua Qianfei and the covering of banketing;
The 3-5 month, within every 7 days, pour water once, pour water at every turn and need make water capacity reach 80%; Pour water and adopt drip irrigation or micro-spray near the groundMode carry out, the micro-spray of every strain near-earth 1.5 hours or drip irrigation 3 hours.
C. pruning: shaping adopts natural open centre shape;
When treelet shaping, taking short point, draw branch, light pruning is as main, dredge and delete overstocked branch and the branch that intersects, interior thorax branch, tree crown middle and lower part a little less thanBranch should retain;
The firstfruits phase summer nutritional tip of erasing, inspires healthy and strong autumn growth, dredges and deletes overstocked branch;
Adopt the best fruiting period mode putting in a skylight to prune, and keep tree performance to hang down loosely, remove nutrition branch, weak branch and sick branch, to mistakeClose bough group bounces back, and the branch amount of removing accounts for 24% of whole strain branch amount.
Embodiment 2
A cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step (1), selected field for the treatment of field planting shaddock is carried out whole ground, is beaten the pool, and seeding row spacing 4.1m is pressed in the plantation in shaddock orchardX5.1m, every mu of 33-34 strain is planted;
Step (2), with two shaddock kinds of Guanxi small stream honey shaddock are carried out intercropping with the ratio of 1.5:1, needs the crystal honey You of seed selection to protectThe 1-2 Ce You Guanxi small stream honey shaddock plantation of every strain crystal honey shaddock of card plantation;
Step (3), the plant of step (2) intercropping is carried out to rich water quality management and farming operation by following classification:
A. become the fertilising of annual bearer: crystal honey shaddock generally after field planting 5-6 enter the best fruiting period, this fertilising in period is not enough, leadsCause branch and take out the amount of sending out less, a little less than tree vigo(u)r turns, output reduces, and the economic life shortens, and therefore becomes the fertilizing time of annual bearer heavy dressing4 fertilizer: Hua Qianfei, fertile, the strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer of steady fruit and fruit picking fertilizer;
A1. spending the front fertilizer of front fertilizer: Shi Haohua is important well stimulation, executes Hua Qianfei in early December-late December, and it is mainly doneWith being strong flower, protecting flower, urging slightly, the mass fraction of spending front fertile dose to account for annual total fertilization amount is 41%; Every strain is grown up to tie to set and is executed corruptionRipe farm manure 100kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 2kg, Jinsha jiang River urea 0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.3kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 2kg; DescribedJinsha jiang River urea nitrogen content >=46.6%, the K in potassium sulfate2O >=52%, the effective P in calcium magnesium phosphate2O5≥15.0%。
A2. steady fruit is fertile: thank spend after to the physiological fallen fruit phase, execute steady fruit fertilizer at early March-late March, because this periodBe physiological fallen fruit, young fruit expanding stage, current fertilising can supply young fruit adequate nutrients, reduces shedding, improves percentage of fertile fruit, the fertile fertilising of steady fruitThe mass fraction that amount accounts for annual total fertilization amount is 11%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute to become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 30kg, natural pond liquid 30kg or spreadsCan rich composite fertilizer 1.5kg; Thank and spend 2/3 No. 1, the green fragrant prestige that starts to spray 50ppm " 920 " or 800 times of liquid, spray once every 15d,Can reduce shedding, promote that young fruit expands, continuous spraying 2 times, while spraying, squirts and is advisable with blade face;
A3. strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer: execute strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer in May-June, at this moment enter rainy season, on the occasion of the rapid expanding stage of fruit, strong fruitThe mass fraction that tip-promoting fertilizer dose accounts for annual dose is 29%; It is compound that every strain becomes annual bearer to execute urea 0.6kg, Sa KefuFertile 1.5kg;
A4. fruit picking fertilizer: fertilising before fruit picking, point deficiency of can supplemental tree recuperating, also can increase the circularity of fruit, early July-Execute fruit picking fertilizer mid-July, the mass fraction that fruit picking fertilizer accounts for annual dose is 19%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to apply can be rich compoundFertile 1.5kg and potassium sulfate 0.3kg; Meanwhile, foliage-spray mass concentration is 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 time, sprays with blade faceWet being advisable;
The N:P:K=15:15:15 of described Sa Kefu composite fertilizer;
B. water management: at the beginning of 11 months, dig at plant thing or drip place, north and south that 40-50cm is dark, 30-40cm is wide, 100-The ditch that 150cm is long, is completely cured, crab rooting and solarization root control water is to December, then executes Hua Qianfei and the covering of banketing;
The 3-5 month, within every 10 days, pour water once, pour water at every turn and need make water capacity reach 80%; Pour water and adopt drip irrigation or micro-spray near the groundMode carry out, the micro-spray of every strain near-earth 2 hours or drip irrigation 4 hours.
C. pruning: shaping adopts natural open centre shape;
When treelet shaping, taking short point, draw branch, light pruning is as main, dredge and delete overstocked branch and the branch that intersects, interior thorax branch, tree crown middle and lower part a little less thanBranch should retain;
The firstfruits phase summer nutritional tip of erasing, inspires healthy and strong autumn growth, dredges and deletes overstocked branch;
Adopt the best fruiting period mode putting in a skylight to prune, and keep tree performance to hang down loosely, remove nutrition branch, weak branch and sick branch, to mistakeClose bough group bounces back, and the branch amount of removing accounts for 26% of whole strain branch amount.
Embodiment 3
A cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape, comprises the following steps:
Step (1), seeding row spacing 4mx5m is pressed in the plantation in shaddock orchard, and every mu of 33-34 strain is planted;
Step (2), with two shaddock kinds of Guanxi small stream honey shaddock are carried out intercropping with the ratio of 2:1 or 1:1, needs the crystal honey You of seed selectionEnsure the 1-2 Ce You Guanxi small stream honey shaddock plantation of every strain crystal honey shaddock of plantation;
Step (3), the plant of step (2) intercropping is carried out to rich water quality management and farming operation by following classification:
A. become the fertilising of annual bearer: crystal honey shaddock becomes annual bearer to execute Hua Qianfei, steady according to following method with Guanxi small stream honey shaddockFertile, the strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer of fruit and fruit picking fertilizer;
A1. spend front fertilizer: execute Hua Qianfei in early December-late December, the quality of spending front fertile dose to account for annual total fertilization amount is dividedNumber is 40%; Every strain is grown up to tie to set and is executed well-rotted farmyard manure 80kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1.5kg, Jinsha jiang River urea 0.4kg, potassium sulfate0.23kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 1.8kg; Described Jinsha jiang River urea nitrogen content >=46.6%, the K in potassium sulfate2O >=52%, calcium magnesium phosphorusEffective P in fertilizer2O5≥15.0%。
A2. steady fruit is fertile: execute steady fruit fertilizer at early March-late March, the fertile dose of steady fruit accounts for the quality of annual total fertilization amountMark is 10%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute to become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 28kg, natural pond liquid 28kg or Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1.3kg; Thank and spend 2/3 start to spray No. 1, the green fragrant prestige of 50ppm " 920 " or 800 times of liquid, spray once every 13d, and continuous spraying 2 times, when spraying, with blade faceSquirt and be advisable;
A3. strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer: execute strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer in May-June, the quality that strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer dose accounts for annual dose is dividedNumber is 30%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute urea 0.55kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1.3kg;
A4. fruit picking fertilizer: execute fruit picking fertilizer in early July-mid-July, the mass fraction that fruit picking fertilizer accounts for annual dose is 20%; OftenStrain becomes annual bearer to apply can rich composite fertilizer 1.4kg and potassium sulfate 0.25kg; Meanwhile, foliage-spray mass concentration is 0.3% phosphoric acidPotassium dihydrogen solution, 2-3 time, squirts and is advisable with blade face;
The N:P:K=15:15:15 of described Sa Kefu composite fertilizer;
B. water management: at the beginning of 11 months, dig at plant thing or drip place, north and south that 44-46cm is dark, 34-36cm is wide, 120-The ditch that 130cm is long, is completely cured, crab rooting and solarization root control water is to December, then executes Hua Qianfei and the covering of banketing;
The 3-5 month, within every 8 days, pour water once, pour water at every turn and need make water capacity reach 80%; Described pouring water adopts drip irrigation or near-earthThe mode of the micro-spray of face is carried out, the micro-spray of every strain near-earth 1.5-2 hour or drip irrigation 3-4 hour
C. pruning: shaping adopts natural open centre shape;
When treelet shaping, dredge and delete overstocked branch and the branch that intersects, interior thorax branch, the weak branch in tree crown middle and lower part should retain;
The firstfruits phase summer nutritional tip of erasing, dredges and deletes overstocked branch;
Adopt the best fruiting period mode putting in a skylight to prune, and keep tree performance to hang down loosely, remove nutrition branch, weak branch and sick branch, to mistakeClose bough group bounces back, and the branch amount of removing accounts for 25% of whole strain branch amount.
1:1 ratio is carried out intercropping Ji Guanxi small stream honey shaddock-crystal honey shaddock-crystal honey shaddock-Guanxi small stream honey shaddocks, and 2:1 ratio is carried out intercroppingBe the pattern plantation of Guanxi small stream honey shaddock-crystal honey shaddock-Guanxi small stream honey shaddock, ensure that every strain crystal honey shaddock 1-2 side of plantation all has Guanxi small stream honeyShaddock plantation.
Cultural method of the present invention and traditional cultivation method are cultivated to the crystal honey shaddock obtaining and compare, result as Fig. 1 andShown in Fig. 2. Can be found out by Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The crystal honey shaddock fruit neck length of conventional method plantation, is cucurbit head, and low water position veryMany; The fruit neck crystal honey shaddock fruit neck that cultural method of the present invention obtains is short neck shape, and bottom is flat, and reduce at low water position.
More than show and described general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention. The technology of the industryPersonnel should understand, and the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, and the just explanation of describing in above-described embodiment and description originallyThe principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, these changesChange and improve and all fall in the claimed scope of the invention. The claimed scope of the present invention by appending claims andEquivalent defines.
Claims (4)
1. a cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step (1), seeding row spacing (3.9-4.1) mx(4.9-5.1 is pressed in the plantation in shaddock orchard) m, every mu of 33-34 strain is planted;
Step (2), with two shaddock kinds of Guanxi small stream honey shaddock are carried out intercropping with the ratio of 2:1-1:1, needs the crystal honey You of seed selectionEnsure the 1-2 Ce You Guanxi small stream honey shaddock plantation of every strain crystal honey shaddock of plantation;
Step (3), the plant of step (2) intercropping is carried out to rich water quality management and farming operation by following classification:
A. become the fertilising of annual bearer: crystal honey shaddock becomes annual bearer to execute Hua Qianfei, steady according to following method with Guanxi small stream honey shaddockFertile, the strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer of fruit and fruit picking fertilizer;
A1. spend front fertilizer: execute Hua Qianfei in early December-late December, the quality of spending front fertile dose to account for annual total fertilization amount is dividedNumber is 39-41%; Every strain is grown up to tie to set and is executed well-rotted farmyard manure 50-100kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1-2kg, Jinsha jiang River urea 0.3-0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 1-2kg;
A2. steady fruit is fertile: execute steady fruit fertilizer at early March-late March, the fertile dose of steady fruit accounts for the mass fraction of annual total fertilization amount9-11%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute to become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 25-30kg or Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1-1.5kg; Thank and spend 2/3 beginningSpray No. 1, the green fragrant prestige of 50ppm " 920 " or 800 times of liquid, spray once every 10-15d, continuous spraying 2 times, when spraying, to squirt leafFace is advisable;
A3. strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer: execute strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer in May-June, the quality that strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer dose accounts for annual dose is dividedNumber is 29-31%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute urea 0.5-0.6kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1-1.5kg;
A4. fruit picking fertilizer: execute fruit picking fertilizer in early July-mid-July, the mass fraction that fruit picking fertilizer accounts for annual dose is 19-21%;Every strain becomes annual bearer to apply can rich composite fertilizer 1-1.5kg and potassium sulfate 0.2-0.3kg;
Meanwhile, foliage-spray mass concentration is 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 time, squirts and is advisable with blade face;
The N:P:K=15:15:15 of described Sa Kefu composite fertilizer;
B. water management: at the beginning of 11 months, dig at plant thing or drip place, north and south that 40-50cm is dark, 30-40cm is wide, 100-The ditch that 150cm is long, is completely cured, crab rooting and solarization root, and control water is to December, then in conjunction with executing Hua Qianfei and banketing covering;
The 3-5 month, every 7-10 days pours water once, pours water at every turn and need make water capacity reach 80%;
C. pruning: shaping adopts natural open centre shape;
When treelet shaping, dredge and delete overstocked branch and the branch that intersects, the weak branch in interior thorax branch and tree crown middle and lower part should retain;
The firstfruits phase summer nutritional tip of erasing, dredges and deletes overstocked branch;
Adopt the best fruiting period mode putting in a skylight to prune, and keep tree performance to hang down loosely, remove nutrition branch, weak branch and sick branch, to mistakeClose bough group bounces back, and the branch amount of removing accounts for the 24-26% of whole strain branch amount.
2. the cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described employing of pouring waterThe mode of drip irrigation or micro-spray near the ground is carried out, the micro-spray of every strain near-earth 1.5-2 hour or drip irrigation 3-4 hour.
3. the cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape according to claim 1, is characterized in that the Jinsha described in A1River urea nitrogen content >=46.6%, the K in potassium sulfate2O >=52%, the effective P in calcium magnesium phosphate2O5≥15.0%。
4. the cultural method that improves crystal honey shaddock fruit shape according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step (1), seeding row spacing 4mx5m is pressed in the plantation in shaddock orchard, and every mu of 33-34 strain is planted;
Step (2), with two shaddock kinds of Guanxi small stream honey shaddock are carried out intercropping with the ratio of 2:1 or 1:1, needs the crystal honey You of seed selectionEnsure the 1-2 Ce You Guanxi small stream honey shaddock plantation of every strain crystal honey shaddock of plantation;
Step (3), the plant of step (2) intercropping is carried out to rich water quality management and farming operation by following classification:
A. become the fertilising of annual bearer: crystal honey shaddock becomes annual bearer to execute Hua Qianfei, steady according to following method with Guanxi small stream honey shaddockFertile, the strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer of fruit and fruit picking fertilizer;
A1. spend front fertilizer: execute Hua Qianfei in early December-late December, the quality of spending front fertile dose to account for annual total fertilization amount is dividedNumber is 40%; Every strain is grown up to tie to set and is executed well-rotted farmyard manure 80kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1.5kg, Jinsha jiang River urea 0.4kg, potassium sulfate0.23kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 1.8kg;
A2. steady fruit is fertile: execute steady fruit fertilizer at early March-late March, the fertile dose of steady fruit accounts for the mass fraction of annual total fertilization amount10%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute to become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 28kg, natural pond liquid 28kg or Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1.3kg; Thank and spend 2/3 to openBegin to spray No. 1, the green fragrant prestige of 50ppm " 920 " or 800 times of liquid, spray once every 13d, continuous spraying 2 times, when spraying, to squirt leafFace is advisable;
A3. strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer: execute strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer in May-June, the quality that strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer dose accounts for annual dose is dividedNumber is 30%; Every strain becomes annual bearer to execute urea 0.55kg, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 1.3kg;
A4. fruit picking fertilizer: execute fruit picking fertilizer in early July-mid-July, the mass fraction that fruit picking fertilizer accounts for annual dose is 20%; OftenStrain becomes annual bearer to apply can rich composite fertilizer 1.4kg and potassium sulfate 0.25kg; Meanwhile, foliage-spray mass concentration is 0.3% phosphoric acidPotassium dihydrogen solution, 2-3 time, squirts and is advisable with blade face;
The N:P:K=15:15:15 of described Sa Kefu composite fertilizer;
B. water management: at the beginning of 11 months, dig at plant thing or drip place, north and south that 44-46cm is dark, 34-36cm is wide, 120-The ditch that 130cm is long, is completely cured, crab rooting and solarization root, and control water is to December, then in conjunction with executing Hua Qianfei and banketing covering;
The 3-5 month, within every 8 days, pour water once, pour water at every turn and need make water capacity reach 80%;
C. pruning: shaping adopts natural open centre shape;
When treelet shaping, dredge and delete overstocked branch and the branch that intersects, interior thorax branch, the weak branch in tree crown middle and lower part should retain;
The firstfruits phase summer nutritional tip of erasing, dredges and deletes overstocked branch;
Adopt the best fruiting period mode putting in a skylight to prune, and keep tree performance to hang down loosely, remove nutrition branch, weak branch and sick branch, to mistakeClose bough group bounces back, and the branch amount of removing accounts for 25% of whole strain branch amount.
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