CN105541829A - N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-n-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐一水合物 - Google Patents
N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-n-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐一水合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105541829A CN105541829A CN201511005819.8A CN201511005819A CN105541829A CN 105541829 A CN105541829 A CN 105541829A CN 201511005819 A CN201511005819 A CN 201511005819A CN 105541829 A CN105541829 A CN 105541829A
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- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- phenyl
- thiazol
- pyridyl
- sulfonyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺以及其甲磺酸盐一水合物的经改良且缩短耗时的合成方法,所述合成方法使用硼酸衍生物或环戊硼烷试剂进行,同时避免有毒的有机锡化合物,且涉及N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的甲磺酸盐一水合物,所述盐显示增加的长期稳定性和自药物组合物中的释放动力学。
Description
本分案申请是基于申请号为201280046744.6,申请日为2012年9月26日,发明名称为“N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐一水合物”的原始中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺以及其甲磺酸盐一水合物的经改良的合成方法,所述合成方法使用硼酸衍生物或环戊硼烷(borolane)试剂进行,同时避免有毒的有机锡化合物;且涉及N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的甲磺酸盐一水合物,所述盐显示增加的长期稳定性和自药物组合物中的释放动力学(releasekinetics)。
背景技术
自EP1244641B1中获知N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的合成方法,且WO2006/103011A1公开了使用包含甲烷磺酸的酸性组分来配制含有微米化的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的片剂。
发明内容
本发明的目标在于提供化合物N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺和稳定盐的经改良的合成方法,所述化合物和稳定盐显示增加的长期稳定性和经改良的自药物制剂中的释放动力学,以及包括所述盐且具有经改良的释放动力学的药物制剂。
本发明的目标通过独立权利要求的教导而得以实现。本发明的其他有利特征、方面和细节可由本申请的从属权利要求、说明书、附图和实施例显而易见。
实施方式
本发明涉及药物活性(pharmaceuticallyactive)化合物N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺以及其甲磺酸盐的经改良且新颖的合成方法。所述经改良的合成方法以与现有技术中旧的已知合成方法相同的化合物为起始物,但通过使用硼酸衍生物或环戊硼烷试剂而组合三个反应步骤。所述改进通过避免两个分离和纯化步骤而使得更容易完成合成且还能够增加产率。
如EP1244641B1中第21页所述的旧的已知合成方法以2-溴吡啶为起始物。在步骤1中,制备2-三甲基锡烷基吡啶(2-trimethylstannanylpyridine),产率为(理论产率的)45%至50%。随后,使2-三甲基锡烷基吡啶与(4-溴苯基)乙酸乙酯反应,以获得(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸乙酯,产率为75%。在第三步骤中,将(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸乙酯皂化成(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸,产率为理论产率的约95%。因此,如以下所示的现有技术合成方法:
包括3个步骤,总产率为约34%,所述3个步骤包含两个分离和纯化步骤,这些步骤耗时且涉及使用用于萃取和洗涤所需化合物的溶剂和用于纯化所述化合物的配置(arrangement)。
如以下所示的本发明合成方法:
通过使用硼酸衍生物或环戊硼烷或环己硼烷试剂来组合三个不连续的步骤,由此允许在单一阶段中合成关键中间体(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸,总产率为理论产率的约40%,从而避免了现有技术合成方法中的两个分离和纯化步骤。
作为附加益处,使用含硼试剂与使用有毒的有机锡化合物相比优点在于可由水溶液洗涤容易地去除所得的硼酸副产物。相反,有机锡化合物不仅是工艺废料流中已知的问题,而且还注意到其不良地污染下游合成的所得产物。(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸与4-甲基-2-(甲基氨基)-1,3-噻唑-5-磺酰胺反应,产生最终产物,接着将所述最终产物转化为如以下所示的明确(definite)的甲磺酸盐一水合物。
因此,本发明涉及合成N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺及其甲磺酸盐的方法,所述方法根据以下步骤进行:
步骤A:使以下通式A*的化合物A:
其中
R1表示离去基团,和
R2表示具有1至6个碳原子的烷基残基或具有3至6个碳原子的环烷基残基,
与硼酸衍生物、环戊硼烷、环己硼烷或二硼酸试剂在消除R1-H或R1-B(OR)2和形成化合物A的中间体硼酸衍生物的条件下反应,
其中用于所述反应的优选催化剂为试剂系统乙酸钯与三乙胺和三苯基膦或PdCl2(PPh3)2与三乙胺,
其中使中间体硼酸衍生物接着与以下通式B*的吡啶化合物B:
其中
R3表示离去基团,
在碱性条件下反应,以获得呈相应羧酸盐的碱性溶液形式的(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸。
通过在不同pH值下进行简单洗涤和澄清过滤步骤,接着优选通过用适量碱将(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸的酸性水溶液的pH值适当地调节至3.5-5.0、优选为3.8-4.7,以便进行沉淀或结晶来纯化所得的(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸。除简单洗涤和过滤步骤以外,无需通过例如再结晶或色谱来进一步纯化(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸或任何中间体。
步骤B:使由步骤A获得的(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸与4-甲基-2-(甲基氨基)-1,3-噻唑-5-磺酰胺反应
以获得下式的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺:
此后最优选将N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺转化(作为步骤C)为迄今未知的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐一水合物。需说明的是,WO2006/103011A1中公开了甲磺酸盐,但未公开显示经改良的性质的特定的一甲磺酸盐一水合物。
用于合成N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的本发明方法可以还包括步骤D,步骤D涉及制备所述甲烷磺酸一水合物的药物组合物:
步骤D:制备结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物与至少一种药物学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、溶剂和/或稀释剂的药物组合物。
所述药物组合物可通过将结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物与至少一种药物学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、溶剂和/或稀释剂混合或掺合在一起来制备。
本发明的方法可以还包括在步骤D之后的步骤E:
步骤E:向结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物与至少一种药物学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、溶剂和/或稀释剂的药物组合物中添加乙酰水杨酸、三氟尿苷(trifluridine)、碘苷、膦甲酸(foscarnet)、西多福韦(cidofovir)、更昔洛韦(ganciclovir)、阿昔洛韦(aciclovir)、喷昔洛韦(penciclovir)、伐昔洛韦(valaciclovir)和/或泛昔洛韦(famciclovir)。
因此,在步骤E之后获得含有乙酰水杨酸、三氟尿苷、碘苷、膦甲酸、西多福韦、更昔洛韦、阿昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦或泛昔洛韦与结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物和至少一种药物学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、溶剂和/或稀释剂的组合的药物组合物,或含有乙酰水杨酸和三氟尿苷、或乙酰水杨酸和碘苷、或乙酰水杨酸和膦甲酸、或乙酰水杨酸和西多福韦、或乙酰水杨酸和更昔洛韦、或乙酰水杨酸和阿昔洛韦、或乙酰水杨酸和喷昔洛韦、或乙酰水杨酸和伐昔洛韦、或乙酰水杨酸和泛昔洛韦与结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物和至少一种药物学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、溶剂和/或稀释剂的组合的药物组合物。因此,本发明还涉及药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有乙酰水杨酸或阿昔洛韦或喷昔洛韦或乙酰水杨酸和阿昔洛韦或乙酰水杨酸和喷昔洛韦,和结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物和至少一种药物学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、溶剂和/或稀释剂。一些供货商使用名称阿昔洛韦(acyclovir)替代阿昔洛韦(aciclovir)。
如本文中所用的术语“离去基团”为在异质性键裂解时与一对电子一起离去的分子片段。离去基团可为阴离子或中性分子。常用阴离子性离去基团为卤离子,诸如Cl-、Br-和I-,和磺酸根,诸如对甲苯磺酸根(“甲苯磺酸根”,TsO-)、三氟甲烷磺酸根(“三氟甲磺酸根”,TfO-、CF3SO2O-)、苯磺酸根(benzenesulfonate)(“苯磺酸根(besylate)”,C6H5SO2O-)或甲烷磺酸根(“甲磺酸根”,MsO-)。
以下所示的通式A*
涵盖在苯基残基的4位上具有离去基团的所有苯乙酸酯。
因此,R1优选表示-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-OMs、-OTf和-OTs。基团“-OMs”是指-O-甲磺酸酯,基团“-OTf”是指-O-三氟甲磺酸酯且基团“-OTs”是指-O-甲苯磺酸酯。
基团R2表示具有1至6个碳原子的烷基残基或具有3至6个碳原子的环烷基残基,且优选为-CH3、-C2H5、-C3H7、-CH(CH3)2、-C4H9、-CH2-CH(CH3)2、-CH(CH3)-C2H5、-C(CH3)3、-C5H11、-C6H13、环-C3H5、环-C4H7、环-C5H9、环-C6H11。更优选为-CH3、-C2H5、-C3H7、-CH(CH3)2、-C4H9、-CH2-CH(CH3)2、-CH(CH3)-C2H5、-C(CH3)3和-C5H11。尤其优选为-CH3、-C2H5、-C3H7和-CH(CH3)2。
本文中公开的本发明合成方法的步骤A中可使用各种环戊硼烷和环己硼烷和相应的二硼酸衍生物。优选为以下通式的环戊硼烷:
其中
R'和R”彼此独立地为任何经取代或未经取代的具有1至10个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或具有3至10个碳原子的环烷基,或R'和R”还可与硼原子一起形成杂环,其中R'与R”一起形成经取代或未经取代的具有2至10个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基。优选R'和R”彼此独立地表示-CH3、-C2H5、-C3H7、-CH(CH3)2、-C4H9、-CH2-CH(CH3)2、-CH(CH3)-C2H5、-C(CH3)3和-C5H11。优选为环状环戊硼烷。
以下环戊硼烷、环己硼烷和二硼酸衍生物优选:
其中Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd、Re和Rf彼此独立地表示经取代或未经取代的具有1至10个碳原子的直链或支链烷基或具有3至10个碳原子的环烷基。优选为具有1至6个碳原子的直链烷基残基,且最优选为-CH3、-C2H5、-C3H7和-CH(CH3)2。
以上含硼化合物的尤其优选实例为4,4,5,5-四甲基[1,3,2]二氧杂环戊硼烷(频那醇硼烷(pinacolborane))、[1,3,2]二氧杂环戊硼烷、[1,3,2]二氧杂环己硼烷、5,5-二甲基[1,3,2]二氧杂环己硼烷、4,6,6-三甲基[1,3,2]二氧杂环己硼烷、4,4,6,6-四甲基[1,3,2]-二氧杂环己硼烷、4,4,5,5,6,6-六甲基[1,3,2]-二氧杂环己硼烷、二异丙氧基硼烷、六氢苯并[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烯、9,9-二甲基-3,5-二氧杂-4-硼杂-三环[6.1.1.62,6]癸烷、6,9,9-三甲基-3,5-二氧杂-4-硼杂-三环[6.1.1.62,6]癸烷、B2Pin2(双(频哪醇根基)二硼烷)、双(新戊基乙二醇根基)二硼和儿茶酚硼烷。
在步骤A中,使所述硼酸衍生物、环戊硼烷、环己硼烷或二硼酸试剂与通式A*的化合物A反应以获得中间体环戊硼烷或环己硼烷试剂,其未经分离和纯化。可在存在多种有机碱和无机碱,诸如三乙胺(Et3N)、NaOAc、KOAc和K3PO4的情况下使用通过组合钯盐(诸如[Pd(OAc)2]和PdCl2)与三苯基膦(PPh3)、三-邻甲苯基膦(P(o-Tol)3)、三环己基膦(PCy3)、三-叔丁基膦、1,4-双(二苯膦基)-丁烷(dppb)和1,1'-双(二苯膦基)-二茂铁(dppf)原位制备的催化剂或预先形成的催化剂(诸如Pd(PPh3)2Cl2、Pd(PPh3)4、Fibrecat1032和Pd(dppf)Cl2)来支持此反应。对于所述反应而言,优选加热至70℃至150℃,优选为80℃至130℃,更优选为90℃至110℃的温度。此外,使用非质子性且优选非极性溶剂,且优选使用芳族溶剂,诸如苯或甲苯或二甲苯。
所述步骤A通过避免使用有毒的有机锡化合物来改良现有技术合成方法,所述有机锡化合物在废料流纯化和最终作为人类用药物的实际反应产物中是一个大的问题。
随后,使中间体硼酸试剂与通式B*的吡啶基化合物反应,其中R3表示离去基团。因此R3表示-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-OMs、-OTf和-OTs,且优选为-Cl或-Br。
用碱水溶液原位处理相应(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸酯以裂解酯连接。以下是有益的:在偶联/皂化步骤期间,将反应混合物加热至中等温度且优选加热至40℃至90℃,更优选为45℃至80℃,甚至更优选为50℃至70℃且最优选为55℃至65℃的温度。
在纯化和分离关键中间体(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸后,获得(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸,产率为理论产率的至少40%(仅包含一个分离和纯化步骤)。
本发明方法的其他优点为:
通过用有机溶剂(甲苯、MIBK、EtOAc、MeTHF等)连续洗涤碱性产物水溶液和酸性产物水溶液来进行纯化和Pd去除。
通过木炭/硅藻土处理清除另外的Pd。
可通过中和作用从碱性水溶液或酸性水溶液中结晶(优选在50℃至70℃)。
此后,使(4-吡啶-2-基苯基)乙酸与下式的4-甲基-2-(甲基氨基)-1,3-噻唑-5-磺酰胺反应:
以上化合物是根据EP1244641B1中所公开的合成方法而制备,以便获得下式的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺:
在WO01/47904A中,使用于DMF中的HOBT(1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑水合物)来描述酰胺偶联反应,于DMF中的HOBT由于其爆炸特性而一般在按比例增量(up-scaling)期间造成问题。此外,在优化过程中,已检测到溶剂DMF为多种副产物(来自Vilsmaier型甲酰化)的形成原因。
在试图改良偶联条件时,可成功使用于NMP/THF溶剂组合中的EDC×HCl(1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐)且不含HOBT是令人感到惊讶的。因此,优选用于THF/NMP溶剂混合物(比率为10:1至1:1)中的含EDC×HCl(不含HOBT)作为偶联剂进行上述方法中的步骤B。随后自THF/水中再结晶可清除Pd至小于5ppm。对于偶联和再结晶,可达到高于80%的总产率。
因此,本发明还涉及根据本文中所公开的合成方法获得的化合物N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺。
而后,将所述N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺转化为现有技术中尚未公开的结晶甲磺酸盐一水合物。非化学计量甲磺酸盐在现有技术中是已知的,但对于明确且化学计量的一甲磺酸盐一水合物并非如此,其中所述一甲磺酸盐一水合物为每摩尔当量N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺恰好具有1摩尔当量水和1摩尔当量甲磺酸根。
因此,本发明涉及化合物N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物且尤其涉及结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物,和可根据本文中公开的合成方法可获得的和根据本文中公开的合成方法获得的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物。N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物基本上是纯的(纯度高于96重量%,优选高于98重量%且更优选高于99重量%)且为呈规则结晶结构形式的明确的一水合物,即1摩尔N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物含有1摩尔水和1摩尔甲磺酸根阴离子,如图2和图3中所示。
由N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的过饱和溶液和甲烷磺酸,通过在控制条件下进行结晶而形成结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐一水合物。优选结晶条件为在升高的温度下且优选在30℃至90℃下,更优选在35℃至80℃下,甚至更优选在40℃至70℃下,甚至更优选在45℃至60℃下且最优选在50℃至55℃下,向含有N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的有机溶剂与水的混合物中添加甲烷磺酸,产生N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐的过饱和溶液。可与水混溶(miscible)或共溶(consolute)的有机溶剂优选,诸如MeOH、EtOH、n-PrOH、i-PrOH、乙腈、THF、丙酮。此外,优选还在升高的温度(如30℃至90℃,优选为35℃至80℃,更优选为40℃至70℃,甚至更优选为45℃至60℃且最优选为50℃至55℃)下向所述过饱和混合物中添加N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的晶种。还优选对所述混合物进行中速至缓慢搅拌且使所述混合物缓慢冷却至室温。此外,优选在升高的温度下经5分钟至15分钟添加甲烷磺酸且在甲烷磺酸添加完成后,将所得混合物保持在所述升高的温度下0.5小时至5小时且更优选为1小时至2小时。在1小时至5小时内且优选在2小时至3小时内冷却至室温且此后优选在室温下再缓慢搅拌混合物1小时。接着,滤出晶体,用乙醇/水洗涤且优选在真空下在20℃至60℃的温度下(优选始于20℃且止于60℃)干燥。
结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐一水合物显示增加的长期稳定性,尤其从药物组合物释放的理想或经改良的释放动力学,且因此允许制备长期稳定的药物组合物。与N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]的游离碱形式相比,结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺一甲磺酸盐一水合物的长期稳定性较优越。
此外,结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺一甲磺酸盐一水合物与游离碱形式或其他盐相比还显示多晶稳定性,如可由表1中显见。多晶现象(Polymorphism)是指固体物质以多于一种晶体结构或固体形式存在的能力。
表1:热分析和多晶稳定性(所用方法:DSC、TGA)
形式 | TGA | 水合物的热稳定性 | DSC |
1×HCl | 2.1% | 不稳定 | 在熔融前失水 |
1×MsOH | 4.3% | 稳定 | 在熔融前失水 |
1×TsOH | 5.9% | 不稳定 | 在熔融前失水 |
游离碱 | 8.8% | 不稳定 | 在熔融前失水 |
TGA:热重量分析(ThermogravimetricAnalysis/ThermalGravimetricAnalysis)
DSC:差示扫描量热法(DifferentialScanningCalorimetry)
形式:是指N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的一氯化物盐、一甲磺酸盐、一甲苯磺酸盐和游离碱。
游离碱形式和盐酸盐及甲苯磺酸盐形成具有低热量和低多晶稳定性的水合物。在适度加热后(约50℃至60℃),水含量降低,由此使得这些盐和游离碱形式在生产和配制期间极难处理和加工。相反,一甲磺酸盐的水合物可在显著远高于100℃的温度下热稳定且多晶稳定,如通过TGA所判定。
N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的游离碱在室温下以四种多晶形式和一种非晶形式存在。此外,视溶剂而定,可检测到游离碱的若干种溶剂化物。现有可获得的数据无法鉴别热力学上最稳定的形式,因为由差示扫描热量测定显示根据先前技术合成的所有批次均显示多于一个熔融峰。已研究并比较多种盐(盐酸盐(HCl)、甲磺酸盐(MsOH)、甲苯磺酸盐(TsOH))和游离碱的物理-化学性质(参见表2)。
表2.N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的盐筛选。n.a.,不可应用;n.d.,未测定;HPLC,高压液相色谱;++,极好/高;+,较好/高;-,较差/低;--,极差/低。
N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺游离碱的二盐酸盐(2×HCl)、二甲磺酸盐(2×MsOH)、二甲苯磺酸盐(2×TsOH)和苯甲酸盐(1×PhCOOH)不满足化学计量准则。此外,一盐酸盐水合物在储存期间显示结晶度降低。此外,游离碱和一甲苯磺酸盐形成热稳定性较低的水合物,使其不适于制片。这些结果公开于以上表1中,其中论述盐酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和游离碱形式的多晶不稳定性。因此,令人惊讶的是,仅本发明的一甲磺酸盐显示所需多晶稳定性和热稳定性,从而允许进行制造、加工和配制,尤其是以制药规模。
用于制备结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的一种可能方法为将碱溶解于体积为其10倍的乙醇/水(1:1)中,在50℃至55℃下经5分钟至15分钟添加1.15当量甲烷磺酸,用0.5摩尔%最终产物种晶,在50℃下陈化1小时至1.5小时,且在2.5小时内冷却至20℃至25℃。
再搅拌1小时后,通过过滤来分离结晶甲磺酸盐一水合物且在真空中干燥,得到产率>95%。通过使用此方法,可在产率和纯度方面可再现地制备纯度高于99%且含有小于2ppm残余Pd的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物。
另外,可制备呈明确且稳定的多晶形式的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物,此外,应用此工艺避免了可溶性较低的游离碱形式共沉淀。因此,本发明的结晶甲磺酸盐一水合物不含或基本上不含游离碱。
本发明的结晶甲磺酸盐一水合物还在长期稳定性研究中显示稳定性(作为纯API和在药物制剂中),自药物组合物中显示增加的释放动力学,并且引起经改良的生物可用性。
从显示N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的单晶X射线结构分析的图2明显看出,在甲磺酸根与质子化吡啶基环之间形成盐。此外,恰好1摩尔当量水被并入晶体结构中,其中水分子的氢原子与两个不同甲磺酸盐分子的氧原子形成氢桥。晶格中的这一界定明确的位置(well-definedposition)(参见图3)由水仅在高温(始于160℃)下自晶体中释放的事实验证。因此,本发明化合物为明确的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的一甲磺酸盐和一水合物。
根据本发明的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物为用于制备用以治疗和/或预防疱疹病毒感染和/或预防一种或多种疱疹病毒传播的药物组合物的有用化合物。对健康志愿者进行单次剂量施用和多次剂量施用所获得的药物动力学数据显示有利的血浆浓度随时间变化曲线,表明对于每日一次给药方案或更低频率的给药方案(诸如每周一次)具有长效半衰期。在人类中的血浆浓度超过了以下两种浓度:体内和体外实验中所达到的足以有效治疗多种动物模型中的疱疹单纯型病毒感染的浓度,和防止细胞培养物中病毒复制的浓度。
令人惊讶的是,发现结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物针对疱疹病毒和由疱疹病毒(主要是疱疹单纯型病毒)所致的感染具有高活性。因此,本发明的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物尤其适用于治疗和/或预防由疱疹单纯型病毒所致的疾病和/或防止疱疹病毒传播。
根据被疱疹单纯型病毒(HSV,亚型1和亚型2)感染的部位,将此感染分类为多种病症中的一种感染形式。口面疱疹病毒感染(其可见症状通常称为冷疱(coldsores)或热病性疱疹(feverblisters))会感染面部和口腔。口面疱疹为最常见的感染形式。生殖器疱疹为第二常见的疱疹单纯型病毒感染形式。尽管主要被认为是生殖器疱疹是仅由HSV-2所致,但生殖器HSV-1感染正在增加。疱疹单纯型病毒还可导致其他病症,诸如疱疹性瘭疽(herpeticwhitlow)、外伤性疱疹、眼部疱疹(角膜炎)、脑部疱疹感染脑炎、莫拉雷特脑膜炎(Mollaret'smeningitis)、新生儿疱疹和有可能导致的贝尔麻痹(Bell'spalsy)。
此外,本发明涉及结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物与抗炎剂的组合。尤其优选为结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物与乙酰水杨酸的组合。
此外,本发明涉及结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物与抗病毒剂的组合。另外抗病毒剂优选为抗代谢剂且最优选为核碱基(nucleobase)类似物、核苷酸类似物或核苷类似物药物。如果另外抗病毒剂适用于对抗疱疹病毒和/或疱疹病毒传播且是由包括但不限于以下药物或选自以下药物构成的组:三氟尿苷、碘苷、膦甲酸、西多福韦、更昔洛韦、阿昔洛韦或喷昔洛韦或伐昔洛韦前药或泛昔洛韦前药,则是更优选的。最优选为结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物与阿昔洛韦或喷昔洛韦或前药伐昔洛韦和前药泛昔洛韦的组合。
结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物与另一活性剂(如抗炎剂、免疫调节剂或抗病毒剂,例如治疗性疫苗、siRNA、反义寡核苷酸、纳米粒子或病毒吸收抑制剂,诸如正二十二醇)的组合可于单一药物组合物中或于多于一种的药物组合物中同时施用,其中各组合物均包括至少一种活性剂。
本发明化合物优选用于制造药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物和至少一种药物学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、溶剂和/或稀释剂。所用结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物不含或基本上不含N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的游离碱形式。
可在常规固体或液体载体或稀释剂和常规制药佐剂中用已知方式以合适剂量浓度制备本发明的药物组合物。优选制剂可适于经口施用。这些施用形式包括例如丸剂、片剂、膜片剂、包衣片剂、胶囊、脂质体制剂、微米制剂(micro-formulation)和纳米制剂(nano-formulation)、粉剂和沉积物。
根据本发明的药物组合物优选包括5重量%至70重量%,更优选为10重量%至30重量%的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物(所有百分比数据均为以药物制剂重量计的重量百分比)。以单一剂量计,药物组合物通常包括2毫克至600毫克结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物,优选为5毫克至500毫克,更优选10毫克至300毫克且尤其优选为20毫克至200毫克。根据本发明的药物组合物任选包括一种或多种填充剂,所述填充剂例如选自以下:微晶纤维素、纤维纤维素、磷酸钙类和甘露醇。根据本发明,优选使用微晶纤维素和甘露醇。药物组合物适宜地包括20%至80%,优选为40%至80%,尤其优选为45%至70%的微晶纤维素和1%至40%,优选为5%至30%,尤其优选为10%至20%的甘露醇。根据本发明的药物制剂可包括至少一种崩解助剂,所述崩解助剂例如选自以下崩解助剂:淀粉、预胶化淀粉、淀粉羟乙酸盐、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钠(=交联羧甲纤维素钠)和羧甲基纤维素的其他盐。还可使用两种崩解剂的混合物。根据本发明,优选使用交联羧甲纤维素钠。药物组合物适宜地包括3%至35%,优选为5%至30%且尤其优选为5%至10%的崩解助剂。本发明的药物制剂可包括至少一种选自脂肪酸和其盐的润滑剂。根据本发明,尤其优选使用硬脂酸镁。
本发明的药物组合物可包括助流剂,其可为胶态无水二氧化硅或滑石粉。根据本发明,尤其优选使用胶态无水二氧化硅。助流剂的用量适宜地为0.3%至2.0%,尤其优选为0.4%至1.5%,且最优选为0.5%至1%。
本发明的尤其优选的药物组合物包括:5%至30%结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物、5%至10%交联羧甲纤维素钠、0.5%至0.7%硬脂酸镁、40%至70%微晶纤维素、10%至20%甘露醇和0.5%至1%胶态无水二氧化硅。
根据本发明的药物组合物可以约20毫克至750毫克结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的每日一次剂量施用于有需要的患者,且每日施用一次。根据本发明的药物组合物还可每日三次、每日两次、每日一次、每周三次、每周两次或每周一次施用于有需要的患者。优选基于每周三次、每周两次或每周一次的施用,且尤其优选为每周一次施用,即每周一次施用含有400毫克至600毫克的本发明N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的药物组合物。此外,优选以高负载剂量开始施用本发明的甲磺酸盐一水合物,例如初始单次剂量为400毫克至800毫克且在治疗期间以每天或每周100毫克至150毫克的较低剂量继续施用。
此外,本发明还包含用于优选非经肠施用的药物组合物。其他施用方式为经真皮施用、皮内施用、胃内施用、皮肤内施用、血管内施用、静脉内施用、肌肉内施用、腹膜内施用、鼻内施用、阴道内施用、颊内施用、经皮肤(percutan)施用、直肠施用、皮下施用、舌下施用、局部施用或经皮(transdermal)施用。除了典型媒介和/或稀释剂以外,所施用的药物组合物还含有结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物作为活性成分。
更优选为用于经真皮施用或经皮施用的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的局部制剂。优选局部制剂为皮肤用乳膏、皮肤用洗液、乳液、凝胶、悬浮液、软膏、油剂、唇膏和香膏。
制剂中可添加任何常规载体、佐剂和任选的其他成分。优选助剂来源于包括以下助剂或由以下助剂所构成的组:防腐剂、抗氧化剂、稳定剂、增溶剂和气味剂。
软膏、糊状物、乳膏和凝胶可包含至少一种常规载体,例如动物和植物脂肪、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄蓍胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅酮、皂土、硅酸、滑石和氧化锌或这些物质的混合物。溶液和乳液可包含常规载体,诸如溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂,例如水、乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苯甲酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油(特定地,棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油)、甘油脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇和脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯或这些物质的混合物。悬浮液可包含常规载体,诸如液体稀释剂(例如水、乙醇或丙二醇)、悬浮剂(例如乙氧基化异十八醇、聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧乙烷脱水山梨糖醇酯)、微晶纤维素、皂土、琼脂和黄蓍胶或这些物质的混合物。
本发明组合物可含有转运结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的脂质粒子。药物组合物的制剂还可含有此类型组合物中常用的佐剂,诸如增稠剂、润肤剂、保湿剂、表面活性剂、乳化剂、防腐剂、抗发泡剂、香料、蜡、羊毛脂、推进剂和染料。
本发明药物组合物还可呈醇性凝胶形式,所述醇性凝胶包括结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物和一或多种低级醇或低级多元醇(诸如乙醇、丙二醇或甘油)和增稠剂(诸如硅藻土)。油性-醇性凝胶还包括天然或合成油或蜡。凝胶还可含有有机增稠剂(诸如阿拉伯胶(Gumarabic)、黄原胶、藻酸钠、纤维素衍生物,优选为甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素)或无机增稠剂(诸如硅酸铝(诸如皂土)或聚乙二醇与聚乙二醇硬脂酸酯或聚乙二醇二硬脂酸酯的混合物)。
本发明药物组合物可含有以下防腐剂:苯氧乙醇、甲醛溶液、对羟基苯甲酸酯、戊二醇或山梨酸。
作为可使用的药物学上可接受的载体、赋形剂和/或稀释剂,载体优选诸如为惰性载体,如乳糖、淀粉、蔗糖、纤维素、硬脂酸镁、磷酸氢钙、硫酸钙、滑石、甘露醇、乙醇(液体填充胶囊(liquidfilledcapsules));合适粘合剂包含淀粉、明胶、天然糖、玉米甜味剂、天然胶和合成胶(诸如阿拉伯胶(acacia)、藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和蜡)、糖(诸如蔗糖)、淀粉(来源于小麦、玉米、水稻和马铃薯)、天然胶(诸如阿拉伯胶、明胶和黄蓍胶)、海藻衍生物(诸如藻酸、藻酸钠和藻酸铵钙)、纤维素物质(诸如甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和羟丙基甲基纤维素)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和无机化合物(诸如硅酸镁铝);润滑剂,诸如硼酸、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸钾、硬脂酸、高熔点蜡和其他水溶性润滑剂,诸如氯化钠、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、油酸钠、聚乙二醇和D,L-亮氨酸;崩解剂(崩解物),诸如淀粉、甲基纤维素、瓜尔胶、改性淀粉(诸如羧甲基淀粉钠)、天然胶和合成胶(诸如槐豆胶、刺梧桐树胶、瓜尔胶、黄蓍胶和琼脂)、纤维素衍生物(诸如甲基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠)、微晶纤维素和交联微晶纤维素(诸如交联羧甲纤维素钠)、藻酸盐(诸如藻酸和藻酸钠)、粘土(诸如皂土)和泡腾混合物;着色剂、甜味剂、调味剂、防腐剂;助流剂为例如二氧化硅和滑石;合适吸附剂为粘土、氧化铝;合适稀释剂为非经肠注射用水或水/丙二醇溶液、汁液、糖(诸如乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇和山梨糖醇)、淀粉(来源于小麦、玉米、稻和马铃薯)和纤维素(诸如微晶纤维素)。
包括以下实施例以显示本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应了解,以下实施例中公开的技术表示由发明者发现且在实施本发明时起良好作用的技术,且因此可被视为构成用于实施本发明的优选模式。然而,根据本发明,本领域技术人员应了解,可在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下对所公开的特定实施例中进行许多变化而仍获得相似或类似的结果。
鉴于此发明描述,本领域技术人员将显而易知本发明的各种方面的其他修改和替代性实施方式。因此,此发明描述应仅被视为说明性的并且是用于教导本领域技术人员实施本发明的一般方式的目的。应理解,本文中所显示且描述的本发明形式应被视为实施方式的实施例。其他要素和材料可替代本文中所说明和描述的要素和材料,部件和工艺可颠倒,且本发明的某些特征可独立利用,所有这些在一般本领域技术人员受益于本发明说明后均将显而易见。可在不偏离如以下权利要求中所描述的本发明精神和范围的情况下,对本文中所描述的要素作出变化。
实施例
定义:如本文中所用,术语“1体积”是指1升每千克各自起始物质(1体积=1升/千克各自物质或起始物质)。
实施例1:合成N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸盐一水合物
步骤1(铃木-宫浦偶联(Suzuki-Miyauracoupling)和皂化)
将双(三苯基膦)氯化钯(II)(0.010当量)装入经惰化的反应器中并且再惰化。接着,添加甲苯(1.65体积)。在加热至40℃后,添加三乙胺(3.00当量)。添加乙基-4-溴苯基乙酸酯(1.00当量)于甲苯(0.82体积)中的溶液。将所得悬浮液加热至90℃至95℃,随后经60分钟至90分钟加入频哪醇硼烷(1.30当量)。在90℃至95℃下继续再搅拌至少2小时,随后通过HPLC检查转化。冷却至10℃后,将2-氯吡啶(1.00当量)装入反应混合物中。接着,添加30%NaOH(6.00当量),接着加热至55℃至60℃。在此温度下继续搅拌至少4小时,随后通过HPLC检查转化。在认为转化已完成后,在约300毫巴下浓缩反应混合物直至收集0.8体积馏出物。将反应混合物用水(2.72体积)稀释,冷却至20℃且分离各相。丢弃有机层,同时通过在20℃下添加33%HCl将水层的pH值调节至pH1。添加MIBK(2.30体积)和硅藻土(165克/千克),且在20℃下将所得混合物搅拌至少15分钟,随后通过过滤去除固体。相继用水冲洗反应器和滤饼且将所合并的滤液转移回反应器中。分离各相且用MIBK将水层再洗涤2次。用水稀释后,将酸性产物水溶液加热至55℃,并且通过底部以硅藻土封装且顶部以活性炭封装的小柱进行过滤。将硅藻土/活性炭小柱用预先加热的水(0.5体积,55℃)再洗涤一次,且将所合并的滤液装回反应器中。在20℃下,通过添加30%NaOH将pH值调节至约3.0,随后将产物溶液加热至60℃。再加入NaOH以将pH值调节至4.1至4.3。在60℃下将所得悬浮液搅拌1小时至1.5小时,随后冷却至20℃。在此温度下再搅拌至少1小时后,过滤产物,用水洗涤两次,在氮气流中预干燥且在真空中在50℃至65℃下进行最终干燥。通常的产率:38%至42%。
步骤2(酰胺偶联)
将步骤1的产物(1.00当量)和4-甲基-2-(甲基氨基)-1,3-噻唑-5-磺酰胺(1.02当量)装入反应器中。添加THF(7.08体积)和NMP(1.11体积)。使所得悬浮液冷却至0℃,随后经大于90分钟的时期添加4等份1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(1.23当量)。在0℃下再过至少2小时后,使反应混合物升温至20℃。在此温度下再继续搅拌2小时,随后通过HPLC检查转化。接着,在10℃至15℃下在至少5分钟内将约2%(0.2体积)反应混合物添加至水(12.3体积)中。在10℃至15℃下将所得稀悬浮液搅拌至少1小时,随后经大于4小时加入其余大部分的反应混合物。在10℃至15℃下继续搅拌至少0.5小时,随后滤出固体,用水洗涤且在吸滤器上在稳定氮气流中干燥,直至认为足够干燥为止(LOD<45%(重量/重量);LOD:干燥失重)。
将粗产物、THF(8.15体积)和水(至多1.17体积,取决于粗产物的LOD)装入进料反应器中。将所得悬浮液加热至60℃至65℃且在此温度下搅拌1小时。获得几乎澄清的溶液,使用加热至60℃的可加热透镜过滤器(lensefilter)将其进行精密过滤(polishfiltration)。在60℃至65℃下,相继用THF(0.44体积)与纯水(0.06体积)的混合物冲洗进料反应器、输送管线和过滤器。将所合并的滤液收集在单独的反应器中且加热至50℃至55℃。经至少30分钟向反应器内容物中加入水(3.23体积)。在50℃至55℃下继续搅拌1小时至1.5小时,随后在2小时内缓慢添加另一份水(8.93体积)。在50℃下搅拌1小时至1.5小时后,使所得悬浮液经2.5小时冷却至5℃并且再搅拌0.5小时。接着,滤出固体,用水(3次,每次2.96体积)洗涤并且在吸滤器上在稳定氮气流中预干燥。使用锥形干燥器在真空中在50℃至65℃下实现最终干燥。通常的产率:78%至83%。
步骤3(盐形成)
将得自步骤2的产物(1.00当量)、乙醇(4.96体积)和水(4.96体积)装入反应器中。在将所得悬浮液加热至50℃至55℃后,在小于15分钟内添加甲烷磺酸(1.15当量)。通常在添加完全结束时观测到起始物质完全溶解。紧接着在接下来的5分钟内,将搅拌减速至最小可接受速率且用先前实验中所制备的呈所需多晶型物形式的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸盐一水合物(0.005当量)对反应混合物进行种晶。在50℃至55℃下继续缓慢搅拌60分钟至90分钟,随后在大于2.5小时期间冷却至20℃至25℃。再搅拌1小时后,滤出固体,用乙醇/水5:2(体积/体积)(3.10体积)洗涤,在氮气流中预干燥且转移至锥形干燥器中以供在真空中在20℃至60℃下进行最终干燥。
通常的产率:>95%。
实施例2:
片剂,包括60毫克根据本发明的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺(以游离碱形式计算)作为微米化的活性化合物,
活性化合物含量为约59%(以无包衣(unvarnished)片剂计):
实施例3:
软膏,包括30毫克根据本发明的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺(以游离碱形式计算)作为微米化的活性化合物
实施例4:
凝胶,包括40毫克根据本发明的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺(以游离碱形式计算)作为微米化的活性化合物。
实施例5:
凝胶,包括40毫克根据本发明的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺(以游离碱形式计算)作为微米化的活性化合物。
实施例6:
片剂,包括50毫克根据本发明的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺(以游离碱形式计算)作为微米化的活性化合物,
活性化合物含量为约59%(以无包衣片剂计):
实施例7:
N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的晶体结构
化学式C19H24N4O7S3,M=516.62,F(000)=540,
无色片状,大小0.02×0.13×0.15立方毫米,三斜晶系,空间群P-1,Z=2,a=9.4908(7)埃,b=9.5545(7)埃,c=14.4137(9)埃,α=86.130(3)°,β=72.104(3)°,γ=68.253(4)°,V=1153.68(15)立方埃,Dcalc.=1.487毫克/立方米。用NoniusKappaCCD衍射仪在293K下使用石墨-单色MoKα放射线(λ=0.71073埃,θmax=30.065°)来量测晶体。最小/最大透射率0.95/0.99,μ=0.370毫米-1。使用COLLECT套件进行数据收集和积分。在总共43492次反射中,6761次是独立的(合并r=0.026)。在这些独立的反射中,认为观测到4955次反射(I>3.0σ(I))且用于修正298个参数。使用程序SIR92通过直接法来解析结构。使用程序CRYSTALS对所有非氢原子进行针对F的最小二乘法修正。R=0.0313(观测数据),wR=0.0432(所有数据),GOF=1.0736。最小/最大残余电子密度=-0.28/0.33个电子/立方埃。使用契比雪夫(Chebychev)多项式加权来完成所述修正。
N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的单晶结构参数显示于图1A中。
由X射线粉末衍射分析获得的批次BXR3NC1的特征峰显示于表3中。
表3:由X射线粉末衍射分析(CuKα放射)获得的批次BXR3NC1的特征峰。
由于正态偏差为+/-0.1°,因此2-θ值四舍五入至1位小数位
实施例8:
将使用游离碱N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺(游离碱)进行的重复剂量13周毒性研究中大鼠对于N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的暴露与使用甲磺酸盐一水合物进行的26周重复剂量毒性研究中所观测到的暴露进行比较。在两项研究中,测试物均以0.5%(重量/体积)泰勒纤维素(tylose)悬浮液形式施用,且针对游离碱N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺的当量调节浓度。
在施用第一个剂量后(第1天,第2天;表4)和在重复剂量施用13周后(表5),可比较施用10毫克/千克/天、50毫克/千克/天和250毫克/千克/天后的暴露。在10毫克/千克/天的剂量后,表明可能存在更高暴露。应注意观测到在50毫克/千克/天和250毫克/千克/天的剂量(针对游离碱当量加以调节)后,与施用游离碱后的暴露相比,在施用N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐一水合物后的暴露更高。暴露程度增加最多达2.7倍(对于Cmax)和4倍(对于AUC)。得出以下结论:与施用等分子剂量(50毫克/千克/天和250毫克/千克/天)的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺游离碱当量后所观测到的暴露相比,N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐一水合物引起更高暴露。因此,暴露程度的此种显著增加表明,甲磺酸盐改良物理化学性质,从而引起更有利溶解的性质,其中伴有全身暴露相对于施用游离碱后所观测者有所增加。
因此,在施用甲磺酸盐后的所述暴露增强意味着达到针对活性成分的更高暴露,从而产生更大功效和更高病毒抗性屏障,两者均被视作治疗病毒感染的必要特征。功效和抗性屏障均增强被认为与甲磺酸盐制剂相关的主要特征。
表4:比较大鼠13周毒性(游离碱)研究与26周毒性(甲磺酸盐)研究中第一次施用后的暴露。M,雄性;F,雌性。Cmax为最大观测分析物浓度;AUC(0-24)定义为给药后最长达24小时的分析物浓度相对于时间的曲线下面积;通过线性上升/自然对数下降求和法(linearup/lndownsummation)进行计算
表5:比较大鼠13周毒性(游离碱)研究与26周毒性(甲磺酸一水合物)研究中第13周的暴露。M,雄性;F,雌性。Cmax为最大观测分析物浓度;AUC(0-24)定义为给药后最长达24小时分析物浓度相对于时间的曲线下面积;通过线性上升/自然对数下降求和法进行计算
附图说明
图1显示
A)N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物(批次BXR3NC1)的单晶结构参数;
B)N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物(批次BXR3NC1)的X射线粉末衍射谱图(由单晶数据计算);和
C)批次BXR3NC1的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的测量X射线粉末衍射谱图(蓝线)与N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的计算X射线粉末衍射谱图(红线)的覆盖图;
D)批次BXR3NC1的量测X射线粉末图。
图2显示具有所指示的氢桥的N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的X射线结构。显示,吡啶基环(右侧下方)的氮原子被质子化,且在使吡啶基环氮质子化的氢与甲磺酸根阴离子的一个氧之间形成一个氢桥,并且在甲磺酸根阴离子的另一个氧与水分子的氢之间形成另一个氢桥,而水分子的另一个氢与另一个甲磺酸根阴离子的氧形成一个氢桥。
图3显示N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物在封装于晶体内时的单晶X射线结构分析。显示,苯基吡啶基环系统定向于彼此平行的平面中。
Claims (6)
1.结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的多晶型物,其特征为X射线衍射图包括6.5+/-0.1度、12.9+/-0.1度、16.8+/-0.1度、18.9+/-0.1度、19.3+/-0.1度、19.5+/-0.1度、20.0+/-0.1度、22.4+/-0.1度、22.5+/-0.1度、23.2+/-0.1度、23.8+/-0.1度、25.5+/-0.1度、25.9+/-0.1度、28.8+/-0.1度、30.5+/-0.1度、32.7+/-0.1度和35.7+/-0.1度的2-θ角值。
2.权利要求1所述的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的多晶型物,其中所述结晶多晶型物具有如由图1A所描述的晶体结构参数和/或由图1D所描述的X射线衍射图。
3.组合,所述组合为权利要求1或2所述的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的多晶型物与乙酰水杨酸、三氟尿苷、碘苷、膦甲酸、西多福韦、更昔洛韦、阿昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦和/或泛昔洛韦的组合。
4.权利要求1或2所述的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的多晶型物在制备用于治疗和/或预防传染病和/或防止传染病传播的药物中的用途。
5.权利要求4所述的用途,其中所述传染病为疱疹单纯型病毒感染。
6.药物组合物,含有权利要求1或2所述的结晶N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-N-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲烷磺酸一水合物的多晶型物以及至少一种药物学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、溶剂和/或稀释剂。
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CN201280046744.6A CN103842359B (zh) | 2011-09-26 | 2012-09-26 | N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-n-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)苯基]乙酰胺甲磺酸盐一水合物 |
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EP2573086A1 (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2013-03-27 | AiCuris GmbH & Co. KG | N-[5-(Aminosulfonyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-methyl-2-[4-(2-pyridinyl)phenyl]acetamide mesylate monohydrate |
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HUE054845T2 (hu) | 2016-11-28 | 2021-10-28 | Aicuris Gmbh & Co Kg | Az N-[5-(amino-szulfonil)-4-metil-1,3-tiazol-2-il]-N-metil-2-[4-(2-piridinil)fenil]acetamid szabad bázis maleát sója, gyógyászati készítmények, elõállítási eljárások és Herpes vírusok kezelésére történõ alkalmazások |
CN109996798B (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2023-05-05 | 艾库里斯有限及两合公司 | N-[5-(氨基磺酰基)-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-基]-n-甲基-2-[4-(2-吡啶基)-苯基]-乙酰胺游离碱半水合物、其制造方法和用途 |
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EP4209491A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2023-07-12 | Innovative Molecules GmbH | Enantiomers of substituted thiazoles as antiviral compounds |
CN112384512B (zh) | 2018-07-06 | 2022-03-29 | 辉诺生物医药科技(杭州)有限公司 | 噻唑类化合物的晶型及其应用 |
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