CN105435214B - 乳铁蛋白和婴幼儿的脑健康及发育 - Google Patents
乳铁蛋白和婴幼儿的脑健康及发育 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105435214B CN105435214B CN201510968372.8A CN201510968372A CN105435214B CN 105435214 B CN105435214 B CN 105435214B CN 201510968372 A CN201510968372 A CN 201510968372A CN 105435214 B CN105435214 B CN 105435214B
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Abstract
概括而言,本发明涉及脑发育和脑健康领域。本发明的一项实施方案涉及可用于治疗或预防脑发育迟缓和/或神经系统发育迟缓的组合物。还可以提高认知性能。
Description
本申请是申请日为2010年5月7日、优先权日为2009年5月12日、发明名称为“乳铁蛋白和婴幼儿的脑健康及发育”的中国专利申请第201080031300.6号的分案申请。
技术领域
概括而言,本发明涉及脑健康、脑保护和脑发育领域。本发明的一项实施方案涉及可用于治疗或预防脑发育迟缓和/或神经系统发育迟缓的组合物。可以保护脑中的神经元细胞。还可以提高认知性能。
背景技术
母乳被推荐给所有的婴幼儿。但是,在一些情况中,母乳喂养不足或不成功或者出于医学原因而不被建议,或者母亲选择根本不母乳喂养或不母乳喂养达数周以上的时间。对于这些情况,已经研发了婴幼儿喂养配方食品。如今,婴幼儿喂养配方食品常用于在生命早期提供补充的或唯一来源的营养。它们可用于替代母乳或者除母乳以外来喂养婴幼儿。因此,如今它们在组成和功能方面经常被设计成尽可能地接近母乳。
近来,正在累积母乳喂养可提供长期认知优势、特别是对出生时小的婴幼儿或早产儿而言可提供长期认知优势的证据(Anderson等人,Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:525-35;Lucas等人,Lancet 1992;339:261-4)。但是,解释母乳喂养与认知发育之间的相关性的潜在机制仍然不清楚。
已经启示:存在于人乳中的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和花生四烯酸(AA)可能在观察到的作用中扮演角色。
进一步的研究主张,膳食唾液酸补充改善了小猪的学习和记忆(Wang等人,2007,American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,第85卷,第2期,561-569)。已知唾液酸是人乳低聚糖和神经组织的关键组分。
神经系统是一种由神经元细胞和神经胶质细胞组成的高度复杂的网络。它存在于所有哺乳动物种属中。神经系统由中枢神经系统(脑和脊髓)和周围神经系统(躯体神经系统、自律神经系统和肠神经系统)组成。中枢神经系统驱动认知功能(记忆、注意力、知觉、动作等)。它与周围神经系统一起在控制行为方面具有基础作用。
神经系统在妊娠期间发育,然后在分娩后完善成成熟的功能网络。神经系统未成熟或成熟迟缓导致它所调节的重要生物功能的建立延迟。例如,这可以导致认知功能(学习能力、注意力等)的建立延迟。
通常所接受的是,认识发育和认识性能对生活质量有显著影响。因此将期望可获得允许支持神经系统和脑的发育和性能的组合物。
因此,本发明的目的是改进本领域的状况和提供一种基于天然成分并允许支持神经系统和脑、特别是婴幼儿如IUGR婴幼儿的神经系统和脑的发育和性能的组合物。
该目的通过独立权利要求的主题得以实现。
发明内容
本发明人已经能够证明,乳铁蛋白、例如补充有乳铁蛋白的组合物可用于改善脑发育和认知功能。
还可以证明,施用乳铁蛋白允许它增加神经元密度和神经元存活。
在施用乳铁蛋白后通过MRS确定的海马区中的代谢改变意味着学习和短时记忆得到调节。
施用乳铁蛋白后皮质中的代谢改变意味着长时记忆得到调节。
乳铁蛋白(LF)也称作乳运铁蛋白(LTF),它是一种球形多功能蛋白质,已知其显示出抗微生物活性并且是先天防御的一部分(主要是在粘液上)。
乳铁蛋白例如可以在乳和乳清以及在多种粘膜分泌物如泪液和唾液中发现。照此,可以例如从乳中纯化出或者可以经重组生产乳铁蛋白。
本发明涉及可获自任意来源的乳铁蛋白。
来自乳或乳清的乳铁蛋白例如具有这样的优点:它是获自食品级组合物的天然成分,因此可以未经进一步纯化用作食品组合物的富含级分。
经重组获得的乳铁蛋白具有这样的优点:可以容易地以高浓度生产它。
人初乳具有相对高浓度的乳铁蛋白,其次是人乳,然后是牛乳。
本发明的组合物在IUGR哺乳动物中可以是特别有效的。宫内生长受限(IUGR)是用于描述这样一种情况的术语:其中胎儿或婴幼儿比孕周数所预计的小。IUGR胎儿或婴幼儿通常具有与具有相同孕龄的正常胎儿或婴幼儿相比减少至少10%的重量。例如,人的IUGR胎儿可以如期出生(妊娠37周后)或早产出生(37周前)。
本发明人已经发现,乳铁蛋白或富含乳铁蛋白的组合物可用于保护神经元细胞免于变性。这种变性可以例如在应激之后。乳铁蛋白被发现可以促进脑中的神经元存活和/或限制或防止脑中的神经元死亡。
在婴幼儿中,乳铁蛋白和/或本发明的含有乳铁蛋白的组合物可用于保护中枢神经系统免于在神经元发育期间发生的任意应激,并且因此可用于限制和/或阻止应激诱导的神经元生长迟缓和相关的认知功能障碍。
对于本发明的目的,术语“婴幼儿”包括儿童且包含年龄在0-14岁的对象。
小于1月龄的人类婴幼儿是新生儿或初生婴儿。术语“新生儿”包括早产婴儿、过熟婴儿和足月新生儿。在达到1岁或开始行走时,婴幼儿也称作“幼儿”(一般是12-36个月)。
乳铁蛋白和/或本发明的组合物可以施用于例如
-已经经历宫内生长迟缓的早产或如期出生的婴幼儿,所述宫内生长迟缓可以在妊娠期间的任意不良事件(母亲吸烟、母亲用药、胎盘质量低、异常胎盘定位、母亲和胎儿营养不良等)后发生,
-无任何宫内生长迟缓的早产婴幼儿,
-极低/低出生体重婴幼儿,
-IUGR婴幼儿
-在例如出生时低氧缺血或任意其它不良事件后显示出脑生长迟缓的初生婴儿和儿童,
-显示出认知功能障碍、迟缓的初生婴儿和儿童。
因此,乳铁蛋白或本发明的组合物可施用于婴幼儿和/或处于妊娠和/或泌乳期的母亲。
因此,本发明的一项实施方案是富含乳铁蛋白的可摄入组合物。
富含指将乳铁蛋白加入到组合物中,从而使所得的组合物的乳铁蛋白含量高于未添加乳铁蛋白的组合物的乳铁蛋白含量,或者指组合物以浓缩组合物中天然乳铁蛋白含量的方式被处理。
乳铁蛋白还可以作为纯化合物被提供。
或者,乳铁蛋白可以作为富含乳铁蛋白的级分、例如富含乳铁蛋白的乳或乳清级分被提供。
作为乳或乳清来源,可以使用例如牛乳、人乳、羊乳、骆驼乳、马乳和/或驴乳。也可以使用初乳。
在治疗应用中,组合物以足以至少部分地治愈或阻止障碍和/或其并发症症状的量被施用。足以达到该目的的量被定义为“治疗有效剂量”。有效用于该目的的量将取决于本领域技术人员已知的众多因素,例如障碍的严重性和患者的体重和总体状态。在预防应用中,本发明的组合物以足以至少部分地减少障碍发生风险的量施用于易患特定障碍或在其它方面处于特定障碍风险中的患者。该量被定义为“预防有效剂量”。同样,精确量取决于众多的患者具体因素如患者健康状态和体重。
乳铁蛋白可以在本发明的框架内以治疗有效剂量和/或预防有效剂量被施用。
典型的富含乳铁蛋白的组合物可以包含至少1.6g/L的量的乳铁蛋白。
例如,本发明的组合物可以含有至少0.75%(w/w)、优选至少1%(w/w)浓度的乳铁蛋白。
在一项实施方案中,本发明的组合物意欲以相当于摄入至少0.25g乳铁蛋白、优选至少0.5g乳铁蛋白、更优选至少1g乳铁蛋白/天/kg体重的量施用。
例如,对于妊娠和/或泌乳的母亲而言,组合物可以以相当于摄入至少1g乳铁蛋白/kg体重/天的量被消耗。
对于儿童而言,组合物还可以以相当于摄入至少200mg乳铁蛋白/kg体重/天的量被消耗。
乳铁蛋白可以以至少0.01g/100kcal、优选至少0.1g/100kcal的浓度存在于组合物中。例如,乳铁蛋白可以以约0.01g-100g、优选0.1g-50g、甚至更优选2g-25g/100kcal组合物的范围存在于组合物中。
乳铁蛋白还可以与其它化合物如例如唾液酸和/或铁联合使用。
特别优选的含有乳铁蛋白的组合物可以另外含有其量为100mg/100g(w/w)至1000mg/100g(w/w)组合物、例如500mg/100g(w/w)至650mg/100g(w/w)组合物的唾液酸。
本发明的组合物可以例如包含至少约0.001重量-%的唾液酸。在本发明的其它实施方案中,组合物可以包含至少约0.005重量-%或至少约0.01重量-%的唾液酸。
或者或另外,含有乳铁蛋白的组合物可以含有铁,其量为约1mg/100g(w/w)至50mg/100g(w/w)组合物,例如10mg/100g(w/w)至30mg/100g(w/w)组合物。
一种含有乳铁蛋白的组合物可以含有例如约852mg/100g(w/w)的唾液酸和22mg/100g(w/w)的铁。
本发明的含有乳铁蛋白的组合物可以具有30kcal/100g至1000kcal/100g组合物、优选50kcal/100g至450kcal/100g组合物的热密度。它可以例如具有约400kcal/100g的热密度。
对组合物的性质没有特别限制。优选用于口服或经肠施用的组合物。
组合物可以例如选自食品、动物食品、药物组合物、营养配制物、营养保健品、饮料、食品添加剂和婴幼儿喂养配方食品。
在本发明的一项典型实施方案中,组合物将含有蛋白质源、脂质源和碳水化合物源。
例如,这类组合物可以包含约2-6g/100kcal的蛋白质、约1.5-3g/100kcal的脂质和/或约1.7-12g/100kcal的碳水化合物。
如果组合物是液体,则其能量密度可以为60至75kcal/100ml。
如果组合物是固体,则其能量密度可以为60至75kcal/100g。
蛋白质的类型不被认为是本发明的关键。因此,例如,可以使用基于乳清、酪蛋白及其混合物的蛋白质源。当涉及乳清蛋白时,可以使用酸乳清(acid whey)或甜乳清或其混合物以及α-乳清蛋白和β-乳球蛋白,无论何种比例都是预期的。乳清蛋白可以是改性的甜乳清。甜乳清是乳酪制造的可容易获得的副产品,经常用于制备基于牛乳的婴幼儿配方食品。但是,甜乳清包括不被期望地富含苏氨酸且色氨酸含量贫瘠的组分,其称为酪蛋白糖巨肽(CGMP)。从甜乳清中除去CGMP导致蛋白质的苏氨酸含量接近于人乳的苏氨酸含量。这种改性的甜乳清然后可以用它具有低含量的那些氨基酸(主要是组氨酸和色氨酸)进行补充。从甜乳清中除去CGMP的方法在EP 880902中有记载,基于这种改性的甜乳清的婴幼儿配方食品在WO 01/11990中有记载。蛋白质可以是完整的或水解的或者完整及水解蛋白质的混合物。可以期望提供部分水解的蛋白质(水解度为2-20%),例如对于据信处于发生牛乳过敏风险的对象而言。如果需要水解蛋白质,则水解方法可以酌情按照本领域已知的那样进行。例如,乳清蛋白水解物可以通过如EP 322589中所述以两步步骤使乳清级分进行酶促水解来制备。就广泛水解的蛋白质而言,可以使用Alcalase 2.4L(EC 940459)、然后使用Neutrase 0.5L(可获自Novo Nordisk Ferment AG)、然后使用胰酶制剂于55℃使乳清蛋白进行三重水解。如果用作原料的乳清级分基本上不含乳糖,则发现蛋白质在水解过程中遭受少得多的赖氨酸阻塞(lysine blockage)。这使得赖氨酸阻断程度从约15%重量的总赖氨酸降低至低于约10%重量的赖氨酸;例如约7%重量的赖氨酸,其大大改善了蛋白质源的营养质量。
本发明的组合物可以含有碳水化合物源。可以使用任意的碳水化合物源,例如乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖糊精合剂、淀粉及其混合物。
本发明的组合物可以含有脂质源。脂质源可以是任意脂质。优选的脂肪源包括乳脂、棕榈油酸甘油酯(palm olein)、高油酸的葵花油和高油酸的红花油。必需脂肪酸亚油酸和α-亚麻酸也可以作为少量的含有高量的预制花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的油如鱼油或微生物油被添加。脂质源优选具有约5:1至约15:1、例如约8:1至约10:1的n-6与n-3脂肪酸之比。
本发明的组合物还可以含有被认为是每日膳食中必需的和营养显著量的所有维生素和矿物质。已经对一些维生素和矿物质建立了最低需求。任选存在于婴幼儿配方食品中的矿物质、维生素和其它营养物的实例包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素E、维生素K、维生素C、维生素D、叶酸、肌醇、烟酸、生物素、泛酸、胆碱、钙、磷、碘、铁、镁、铜、锌、锰、氯、钾、钠、硒、铬、钼、牛磺酸和L-肉碱。矿物质通常以盐的形式加入。特定矿物质和其它维生素的存在和量将根据多种因素的不同而改变,例如组合物所被施用的人或动物的年龄、体重和情况。
组合物还可以包含至少一种益生菌株。益生菌(probiotic)是对宿主的健康或安康具有有益作用的微生物细胞制备物或微生物细胞组分。适宜的益生菌株包括可以以商标LGG从芬兰的Valio Oy获得的鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)ATCC 53103、鼠李糖乳杆菌CGMCC 1.3724、副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)CNCM I-2116、可从BioGaia AB获得的罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)ATCC 55730和罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938、特别由丹麦的Christian Hansen公司以商标Bb12销售的乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium lactis)CNCM I-3446和由日本的Morinaga Milk Industry Co.Ltd.以商标BB536销售的长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum)ATCC BAA-999。如果存在益生菌的话,其量同样优选作为人或动物年龄的函数而改变。一般而言,益生菌含量可以随着婴幼儿年龄的增加而增加,例如从103至1012cfu/g配方食品、更优选104至108cfu/g配方食品(干重)。
组合物还可以含有0.3-10%量的至少一种益生元(prebiotic)。益生元是一种不可消化的食物成分,其通过选择性地刺激结肠中的一种或有限数目的细菌的生长和/或活性来有益地影响宿主并由此改善宿主健康。这类成分不可消化的含义是:它们在胃或小肠中不被分解和吸收,由此完整地通过结肠,在那里它们被有益细菌选择性地发酵。益生元的实例包括一些低聚糖,例如低聚果糖(FOS)和低聚半乳糖(GOS)。可以使用益生元的组合,例如90%GOS与10%短链低聚果糖,例如以商标销售的产品;或10%菊糖,例如以商标销售的产品。
特别优选的益生元是低聚半乳糖、N-乙酰化低聚糖和唾液酰化低聚糖的混合物,其中N-乙酰化低聚糖占低聚糖混合物的0.5-4.0%,低聚半乳糖占低聚糖混合物的92.0-98.5%,唾液酰化低聚糖占低聚糖混合物的1.0-4.0%。该混合物在下文中称作“CMOS-GOS”。以干物质为基础,用于本发明的组合物优选含有2.5-15.0wt%CMOS-GOS,条件是该组合物包含至少0.02wt%的N-乙酰化低聚糖、至少2.0wt%的低聚半乳糖和至少0.04wt%的唾液酰化低聚糖。
适宜的N-乙酰化低聚糖包括GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,6GalNAcα1,3Galβ1,4Glc。N-乙酰化低聚糖可以通过氨基葡糖苷酶和/或氨基半乳糖苷酶对N-乙酰基-葡萄糖和/或N-乙酰基半乳糖的作用来制备。同样,N-乙酰基-半乳糖基转移酶和/或N-乙酰基-糖基转移酶可用于该目的。N-乙酰化低聚糖还可以通过采用各自的酶(重组或天然)的发酵技术和/或微生物发酵来生产。在后一种情况中,微生物可以表达其天然的酶和底物或者可以工程化以产生各自的底物和酶。可以使用单一微生物培养物或混合培养物。可以从由聚合度(DP)=1向前的任意聚合度(DP)开始,通过受体底物启动N-乙酰化低聚糖形成。另一种选项是将游离或与低聚糖(例如乳果糖)结合的酮基-己糖(例如果糖)化学转化为N-乙酰基己糖胺或含有N-乙酰基己糖胺的低聚糖,如Wrodnigg,T.M.;Stutz,A.E.(1999)Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.38:827-828中所述。
适宜的低聚半乳糖包括Galβ1,6Gal,Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,4Galβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc。合成的低聚半乳糖如Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Glc、Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,6Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,3Galβ1,6Galβ1,4Glc、Galβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc和Galβ1,4Galβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc及其混合物可以以商标和自商业途径获得。低聚糖的其它供应商有DextraLaboratories、Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH和Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co.,Ltd。或者,特异性的糖基转移酶如半乳糖基转移酶可用于生产天然低聚糖。
适宜的唾液酰化低聚糖包括NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,4Glc和NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc。可以通过色谱或过滤技术从天然来源如动物乳中分离出这些唾液酰化低聚糖。或者,它们还可以通过采用特异性的唾液酸转移酶的生物技术、经由基于酶的发酵技术(重组或天然酶)或经由微生物发酵技术来生产。在后一种情况中,微生物可以表达其天然酶和底物或者可以被工程化以产生各自的底物和酶。可以使用单一微生物培养物或混合培养物。可以从由聚合度(DP)=1向前的任意聚合度(DP)开始,通过受体底物启动唾液酰基低聚糖形成。
组合物还可以任选含有其它可具有有益作用的物质如核苷酸、核苷等。
用于本发明的组合物如婴幼儿配方食品可以以任意适宜的方式来制备。例如,可以通过将蛋白质源、碳水化合物源和脂肪源以适当的比例混合来制备婴幼儿配方食品。如果使用乳化剂,可以将其包括在混合物中。在此时可以添加维生素和矿物质,但是它们通常稍后被添加以避免热降解。任意的亲脂性的维生素、乳化剂等可以在混合前被溶于脂质源中。然后可以混入水、优选已经进行了反渗透的水以形成液体混合物。然后可以将液体混合物进行热处理以减少细菌负荷。例如,可以将液体混合物快速加热至约80℃至约110℃温度达约5秒至约5分钟。这可以通过注入蒸汽或热交换器如片式热交换器来进行。然后可以将液体混合物冷却至约60℃至约85℃,例如通过瞬时冷却进行。然后可以将液体混合物进行匀化,例如以两个阶段、在第一阶段以约7MPa至约40MPa和在第二阶段以约2MPa至约14MPa进行。然后可以将匀化混合物进一步冷却以加入任意的热敏感性组分,例如维生素和矿物质。此时方便地使匀化混合物的pH和固体含量合乎标准。将匀化混合物转入适宜的干燥仪器如喷雾干燥器或冷冻干燥器中并转化成粉末。该粉末应具有低于约5%重量的含水量。如果期望加入益生菌的话,可以例如按照任意适宜的方法来培养并对于添加入婴幼儿配方食品而言通过冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥来制备它们。或者,可以从专业供应商如ChristianHansen和Morinaga获得细菌制备物,它们已经被制备成适于添加入食品如婴幼儿配方食品的形式。可以通过干混合将该细菌制备物加入到粉末状婴幼儿配方食品中。
可以在该方法的任意阶段加入乳铁蛋白,但是优选在加热步骤后加入。
组合物包含蛋白质源,其可以以1.4至100g/100kcal、优选1.4至6.0g/100kcal组合物的范围存在。由于乳铁蛋白是蛋白质,所以它应当被视为是蛋白质源的一部分。
已知乳清蛋白提供了多种健康益处。例如,它易于消化。乳清中的蛋白质级分(在乳清内总干燥固体的约10%)包含数种蛋白质级分,例如β-乳球蛋白、α-乳清蛋白、牛血清清蛋白和免疫球蛋白。在一项实施方案中,至少50%、优选至少75%、甚至更优选至少85%重量的蛋白质源是乳清蛋白。
如果存在脂质源,其可以构成组合物总能量的30至55%。碳水化合物源可以构成组合物总能量的35至65%。
还可以将唾液酸加入到本发明的组合物中。唾液酸是神经氨酸(一种具有9-碳骨架的单糖)的N-或O-取代的衍生物的通用术语。
任意唾液酸可用于本发明的目的。但是,如果唾液酸具有下式结构则是优选的:
R1=H、乙酰基、乳酰基、甲基、硫酸酯基、磷酸酯基、脱水唾液酸、岩藻糖、葡萄糖或半乳糖
R2=N-乙酰基、N-羟乙酰基、氨基、羟基、N-羟乙酰基-O-乙酰基或N-羟乙酰基-O-甲基
R3=H、半乳糖、N-乙酰基葡糖胺、N-乙酰基半乳糖胺、唾液酸或N-羟乙酰基神经氨酸
R1可以选自H、乙酰基、乳酰基、甲基、硫酸酯基、磷酸酯基、脱水唾液酸、岩藻糖、葡萄糖和/或半乳糖。
R2可以选自N-乙酰基、N-羟乙酰基、氨基、羟基、N-羟乙酰基-O-乙酰基和/或N-羟乙酰基-O-甲基。
R3可以选自H、半乳糖、N-乙酰基葡糖胺、N-乙酰基半乳糖胺、唾液酸和/或N-羟乙酰基神经氨酸。
R1位上的基团可以彼此相同或不同。
例如,唾液酸可以是其中R1=H、R2=N-乙酰基和R3=H的N-乙酰基神经氨酸。根据本发明的另一项实施方案,唾液酸可以选自2-酮基-5-乙酰氨基-3,5-双脱氧-d-甘油-d-半乳糖-nonulosonic acid(Neu5Ac)和n-羟乙酰基神经氨酸或其混合物。
如本发明所用的唾液酸包括N-乙酰基神经氨酸,其具有以下同义词和缩写:o-唾液酸;5-乙酰氨基-3,5-双脱氧-D-甘油-D-半乳糖-2-nonulosonic acid;5-乙酰氨基-3,5-双脱氧-D-甘油-D-半乳糖-nulosonic acid;醋纽拉酸;N-乙酰基-神经氨酸盐/酯;N-乙酰基神经氨酸;NANA和Neu5Ac。
本发明扩展至乳铁蛋白在制备用于治疗或预防脑发育迟缓和/或神经系统发育迟缓的组合物中的用途。
就本发明的用途而言,重要的是,组合物含有乳铁蛋白或在消耗后产生乳铁蛋白的化合物。该组合物不是必须富含乳铁蛋白,虽然这可以是优选的,因为通过这种方式可以以较小的体积施用较多的乳铁蛋白。
乳铁蛋白可用于制备任意类型的组合物。然而优选的是,将乳铁蛋白作为按照上文所述那样的组合物被提供。
在本发明的一项实施方案中,含有乳铁蛋白的组合物可用于治疗或预防视觉发育迟缓。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,含有乳铁蛋白的组合物可用于治疗或预防神经移行迟缓。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,含有乳铁蛋白的组合物可用于治疗或预防认知发育迟缓。
本发明的组合物可用于增加神经元密度和或神经元存活。
本发明的组合物还可用于治疗或预防学习能力受损、精神行为(mentalperformance)受损或注意广度降低。
为了达到该目的,可以将组合物施用于处于妊娠中的母亲、处于泌乳中的母亲、早产或如期出生的婴儿、极低/低出生体重婴幼儿、IUGR婴幼儿、婴幼儿、幼儿、儿童和/或青少年。
虽然本发明的组合物通常可用于在任意年龄组的婴幼儿中治疗或预防脑障碍和/或修复和/或逆转脑损伤,但是发现,本发明的组合物特别有助于在IUGR婴幼儿中治疗或预防脑障碍和/或修复和/或逆转脑损伤。
本领域技术人员将理解,他们可以自由地组合本文所述的本发明的所有特征而不背离所公开的本发明的范围。特别地,对本发明的用途所述的特征可以适用于本发明的组合物,反之亦然。
本发明的其它优点和特征从如下实施例和附图中是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1显示了在基础条件(未经处理的细胞)下和用神经营养因子CNTF(100ng/mL,阳性对照)或不同浓度的富含乳铁蛋白的牛乳级分处理细胞后轴突外生的阳性NS20Y细胞的百分比。数据为平均值±SEM,根据各组n=3至7(基础,n=7;CNTF,n=3;1ug/L,n=3;10ug/L,n=7;100ug/L,n=3;1mg/L,n=3;10mg/L,n=5;100mg/L,n=7;1g/L,n=6)。采用Student t检验将数据与未经处理的基础组进行比较。当P<0.05时差异被视为显著。
图2显示了在H2O2攻击和用牛乳乳铁蛋白保护后肠神经元原代培养物释放的神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE),NSE是神经元细胞死亡的标记物。数据为平均值±SEM,n=8。当P<0.05时差异被视为显著。
图3显示了在有或无0.001至1g/L的不同浓度的牛乳乳铁蛋白的存在下用H2O2攻击后所培养的SH-SY5Y细胞中7-AAD阳性细胞的百分比。
图4a显示了在P1时正常和IUGR婴幼儿的脑与体重之比。在正常婴幼儿和甚至更多地在IUGR婴幼儿中均发现脑与体重之比在妊娠期间施用乳铁蛋白后增加。
图4b显示了在P7时正常和IUGR婴幼儿的脑与体重之比。在正常婴幼儿和甚至更多地在IUGR婴幼儿中均发现脑与体重之比在施用乳铁蛋白后增加。
图5显示了在P7时指示脑活动和发育的数种代谢标记物在正常婴幼儿、IUGR婴幼儿和用乳铁蛋白处理的IUGR婴幼儿的海马区中的存在。海马区活动与学习和短时记忆相关。
图6显示了在P7时指示脑活动和发育的数种代谢标记物在正常婴幼儿、IUGR婴幼儿和用乳铁蛋白处理的IUGR婴幼儿的皮质中的存在。皮质活动与长时记忆相关。
图7显示了DAPI染色后海马区CA2-CA3视野中的核形态。
图8显示膳食乳铁蛋白补充显著增加了在出生后第7天的脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的基因表达。
图9显示了4.5月龄大鼠的自由适应性试验结果。对照-媒介物和bLf-媒介物的n=10,对照-dex的n=7,bLf-Dex的n=14,一个参数:探访。
具体实施方式
实施例:
富含乳铁蛋白的牛乳级分的生物活性对体外促进神经元细胞存活和轴突外生具有作用。
轴突外生过程包括轴突从神经元向外生长,它是神经元发育的一部分。采用充分建立的和常用的体外生物测定法测定了富含乳铁蛋白的牛乳级分对轴突外生的影响。
简言之,融化来自低温存储器的NS20Y鼠成神经细胞瘤细胞(DSMZ),以约27×103个细胞/cm2的密度铺在组织培养物处理的烧瓶(Falcon)中,在含有10%FCS(Gibco)和2mML-谷氨酰胺(Gibco)的DMEM(Gibco)的存在下扩展。铺板2天后,通过机械搅拌(轻敲烧瓶)从烧瓶中分离出细胞,通过使混悬液数次通过火焰精制的玻璃吸管得到单一细胞混悬液。然后将细胞在含有10%FCS和2mM L-谷氨酰胺的DMEM的存在下、以2,000个细胞/盖玻片的密度铺在13mm圆形玻璃盖玻片上。第二天,将培养基转换成含有0.5%FCS、2mM L-谷氨酰胺和待测试的不同浓度的乳级分的DMEM。一天后,将细胞用4%低聚甲醛固定,将盖玻片固定在载玻片上。
采用Axioplan 2显微镜(Zeiss)对所有盖玻片进行成像。从25个穿过盖玻片直径的确定视野取数字图像(20X物镜,Axiocam MRc,Zeiss)。从处于盖玻片边缘的第一个视野开始穿过盖玻片对细胞系统地进行计数,直到已经计数了100个细胞。针对轴突外生阳性或阴性对细胞进行评分。如果由细胞体发出的类似轴突的突出物达到比细胞体长的长度,则视为轴突外生阳性细胞。
采用student t检验对比了一个对照参比群体的平均值和各组中来自所有其它处理的平均值的差异。
测试了下列浓度的富含乳铁蛋白的牛乳级分:1μg/L、10μg/L、100μg/L、1mg/L、10mg/L、100mg/L和1g/L。进行了阳性对照(CNTF,睫状神经营养因子,100ng/mL),它是以前被报道促进不同神经元群体轴突外生的熟知的神经营养因子(Oyesiku和Wigston,1996(Oyesiku NM,Wigston DJ:Ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates neunteoutgrowth from spinal cord neu-rons.J Comp Neurol 1996;364:68-77.))。基础对照组由未经处理的细胞组成。结果示于图1中。
保护神经元细胞对抗应激
将大鼠肠神经元细胞原代培养物接种入各孔,与不同浓度的富含牛乳铁蛋白的级分一起温育48小时。用磷酸盐缓冲盐水(无菌PBS,37℃)洗涤3次后,将细胞在不含乳铁蛋白且含有H2O2或其媒介物(对照)的细胞培养基中温育12小时。通过测定细胞培养基中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的释放评价了乳铁蛋白对H2O2-诱导的神经元细胞死亡的保护作用。在氧化性应激后,收集不同组的培养基,以12,000rpm离心10分钟(4℃)。收集上清液,通过免疫放射分析对培养基中释放的NSE进行定量。结果以ng/mL表示。如图2所示,H2O2诱导培养基中的NSE显著增加(p<0.05,n=8)。用富含乳铁蛋白的级分处理原代神经元肠细胞显著阻止了H2O2-诱导的NSE释放(p<0.05,n=8)。
采用人神经元样细胞系(SH-SY5Y-成神经细胞瘤细胞)证实了牛乳铁蛋白的神经保护性质。简言之,将SH-SY5Y细胞铺板24小时,将富含牛乳铁蛋白的级分以不同浓度加入到培养基中达随后的48小时。将细胞用H2O2攻击6小时。最后用0.1M PBS洗涤细胞,然后用胰蛋白酶-EDTA收获。然后将细胞混悬液与上清液汇集,以2,000rpm离心5分钟。离心后,将沉淀重新混悬于500微升PBS 0.1M中。通过流式细胞仪、采用7-AAD作为荧光标记物评价了膜渗透性。就此而言,将200微升细胞混悬液与7-AAD一起温育10分钟,然后采用BD FACSArrayTM生物分析仪采集。这种采用7-氨基放线菌素D(7-AAD)的流式细胞分析允许区分活的(7-AAD阴性)和响应于氧化性应激的晚期细胞凋亡/坏死(7-AAD阳性)的SH-SY5Y细胞。图3所示的结果表示为7-AAD阳性细胞/细胞总数的百分比。如图3所示,H2O2诱导7-AAD阳性细胞百分比显著增加(p<0.05,n=6)。用乳铁蛋白处理SH-SY5Y细胞阻止了H2O2诱导的7-AAD阳性细胞百分比增加。乳铁蛋白改善正常和IUGR婴幼儿的脑/体重之比。
大鼠模型:Wister大鼠
在妊娠第3周期间用地塞米松(DEX)处理母鼠。这种皮质类固醇将在妊娠第3周通过皮下包埋的渗透泵递送;具有含盐水缓冲液的渗透泵的假给药动物将被用作对照。这种设计代表了模拟人种属在围产期期间脆弱情况的幼仔高脆弱模型,它是排除任意其它干扰证实乳铁蛋白能够增进脑发育的能力的性能模型。乳铁蛋白补充将在1)妊娠和泌乳期间;2)泌乳期间;和3)无补充的情况下进行测试。为了建立允许恰当比较的合乎逻辑的实验设计,相同的补充方案将应用于正常妊娠。
IUGR幼仔:通过在妊娠第3周期间用地塞米松(100μg/kg/天)处理母鼠得到宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)模型。对于妊娠母鼠的营养补充,将从妊娠第15天开始到断奶经口服给予乳铁蛋白,食物可随意取食。从出生后第1天开始给新生儿递送乳铁蛋白,直至它们断奶。
使用以下6组动物:
第1组:正常幼仔;对照母鼠(假给药=含盐水缓冲液的渗透泵)中无营养干预。
第2组:IUGR幼仔;DEX处理的母鼠中无营养干预。
第3组:正常幼仔;从开始妊娠到泌乳结束对照母鼠(假给药)的bLf补充(1g/Kg/天)。
第4组:IUGR幼仔;从开始妊娠到泌乳结束DEX处理的母鼠的bLf补充(1g/Kg/天)。
第5组:IUGR幼仔;DEX处理的母鼠中无营养干预;从出生后1至21天,除哺乳外,给幼仔滴喂200mg/kg/天模拟酪蛋白的氨基酸混合物(媒介物(与bLf体积相同))。
第6组:IUGR幼仔;DEX处理的母鼠中无营养干预;从出生后1至21天,除哺乳外,给幼仔滴喂bLf补充(200mg/Kg/天)。
结果如下并如图4a)和b)中所示。
DEX对照和乳铁蛋白补充DEX的后代在出生时的体重比对照媒介物组约轻20~25%。这显示DEX模型是模拟人种属在围产期期间脆弱情况的有效工具。
因此,该模型是排除任意其它干扰证明乳铁蛋白能够增进脑发育的能力的性能模型。
DEX对照组和DEX乳铁蛋白补充组的脑重量均比媒介物对照组的脑重量轻。但是,Lf补充组的脑重量减少小于体重减少,因而在出生后第1天,Dex LF处理组的脑与体重之比大于Dex对照组。
令人感兴趣的是,在出生后第21天,Dex Lf组的脑重量赶上了媒介物对照组。
乳铁蛋白增加脑中的代谢
采用LC模型分析,对来自皮质和海马区的以下18种代谢物进行定量:丙氨酸(Ala)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、肌酸(Cr)、-氨基丁酸(GABA)、葡萄糖(Glc)、谷氨酸(Glu)、谷氨酰胺(Gln)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、甘油磷酰胆碱(GPC)、磷酰胆碱(PCho)、肌-肌醇(Ins)、乳酸盐(Lac)、N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸(NAAG)、磷酸肌酸(PCr)、磷酸乙醇胺(PE)、鲨-肌醇和牛磺酸(Tau)。
目的是采用体内MR技术(在EPFL使用9.4Tesla扫描器)使在不良的出生前暴露后的大脑发育改变显像以及评价早期营养干预对脑发育和代谢的作用,主要是在我们的啮齿动物模型的生命第一个月期间。对于特定的局部大脑和海马区代谢使用了快速自旋回波(FSE)成像和谱编辑1H-MR波谱法。简言之,实行了FSE成像(TR/TE=6000/80ms;FOV=25×25mm和矩阵大小=256×128)以对感兴趣的MRS体素(VOI=1.5×1.5×2.5mm3)进行定位。采用FASTMAP调整一级和二级补偿[Martin E,2001,Ann Neurol49:518-521]。水线宽为8至15Hz。采用超短回波时间(TE/TR=2.7/4000ms)SPECIAL波谱法进行了皮质损伤和对侧皮质区内的光谱获取。该方法将垂直(Y)方向上的1D在体选择图像光谱术(ISIS)与X和Z方向上的层面选择自旋回波合并,并且提供了在激发区域可获得的全信号强度。获取35至70系列的FIDs(各自12个平均值),单独地对频率漂移进行校准,合计在一起,并采用参比水信号对残留涡流作用进行校准。
结果如下并如图5和图6中所示。
在出生后7天时,在对照媒介物(n=5)与对照Dex幼仔(n=4)之间在磷酸肌酸(PCr)、N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸(NAAG)、N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、NAA+NAAG和肌酸(Cr)+磷酸肌酸(PCr)浓度方面具有显著性差异(P<0.05~0.01)。但是,LF处理Dex幼仔组(n=6)具有逆转在P7时在对照-Dex组中发现的上述代谢性标记物的浓度的趋势,但是在海马区和皮质中差异均未达到统计学显著性。
N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)或N-乙酰天门冬氨酸是天冬氨酸衍生物,其具有C6H9NO5式,分子量为175.139。NAA是位于氨基酸谷氨酸之后在脑中第二富含的分子。NAA在神经元中由氨基酸天冬氨酸和乙酰辅酶A合成。其提出的主要功能包括:
-它是少突神经胶质细胞中脂质和髓磷脂合成的乙酸基来源,少突神经胶质细胞是使神经元轴突生成髓鞘的神经胶质细胞
-它是合成重要的神经元二肽N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸的前体
-它是在脑的体液平衡中有牵涉的神经元渗透物
-NAA还可能在神经元线粒体中由氨基酸谷氨酸产生能量中有牵涉
NAA信号反映了NAA和N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸(NAAG)的组织浓度。NAA已经被报道反映了在CNS中存在神经元、少突神经胶质谱系细胞和轴突(Urenjak J,1993,J Neurosci13:981-989;Martin E,2001,Ann Neurol49:518-521;Bjartmar C,2002,Ann Neurol 51:51-58)。已经启示,NAA(G)可以是神经元细胞中线粒体与细胞质之间的乙酰基载体(PatelTB,1979,Biochem J 184:539-546;Truckenmiller ME,1985,J Neurochem 45:1658-1662)。NAA信号减少通常解释为神经元数量减少,但是它还可以反映出神经元线粒体的功能改变。以前详细描述了作为成熟结果的脑组织中NAA/Cho之比增加,并且在本研究中得以证实(van der Knaap MS,1990,Radiology 176:509-515;Kreis R,2002,Magn Reson Med48:949-958)。
N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸(N-乙酰天门冬氨酰谷氨酸或NAAG)是一种神经肽,它是哺乳动物神经系统中第三普遍的神经递质。NAAG由经由肽键偶联的N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)和谷氨酸组成。Curatolo和同事在1965年发现NAAG是神经系统特异性肽(Isaacks RE,1994,Neurochem Res 19:331-338),但是近20年未进行深入研究。它满足神经递质的标准,包括在神经元中富集、在突触囊泡中装填、以钙依赖性方式释放和通过酶活性在突触间隙中水解。NAAG使特异性受体、即3型代谢型谷氨酸受体活化。它以酶促方式由其两种前体合成,在突触中被NAAG肽酶分解代谢。抑制NAAG肽酶在数种神经病学病症和障碍的动物模型中潜在地具有重要治疗作用。
肌-肌醇是活细胞的关键组成,其参与数种生理功能。它是主要的渗透物,还用作磷脂酰肌醇的前体。肌-肌醇已经被用作神经胶质细胞标记物(Isaacks RE,1994,Neurochem Res 19:331-338)。Lac可用作脑的燃料,而且还可用于合成髓磷脂(Sanchez-Abarca LI,2001,Glia 36:321-329)。
窒息的足月新生儿中N-乙酰天冬氨酸/胆碱(NAA/Cho)之比减小预示了不良的神经发育结果(Groenendaal F,1994,Pediatr Res 35:148-151;Peden CJ,1993,Dev MedChild Neurol 35:502-510;Roelants-van Rijn AM,2001,Pediatr Res 49:356-362)。在星形胶质细胞中可以发现作为脑渗透调节物之一的肌-肌醇(mI),它被视为神经胶质细胞标记物(Isaacks RE,1994,Neurochem Res 19:331-338)。
乳铁蛋白改善神经元密度和神经元存活,能够修复和/或逆转神经元细胞损伤。
在MR获取后进行形态学检查。收集在纹状体、背海马区和侧海马区水平上的连续切片以评价皮质和海马区结构和白质损伤。采用免疫组织化学标记特定的细胞类型,目的是确定特定的细胞响应。对神经元(NeuN)、星形胶质细胞(GFAP)和放射状神经胶质(Nestin)以及白质髓鞘形成的标记物(MBP)进行特异性标记。简要方法如下:
分别在P7和P21时,用氯胺酮使各组的幼仔深度麻醉(50mg/ml;0.2-0.5ml,i.p.)。给动物经贲门内灌注0.9%NaCl,然后灌注4%低聚甲醛。取出脑,称重,在4%低聚甲醛中进行后固定过夜,然后在30%蔗糖中进行后固定最少24小时,于-80℃贮存至切片。在低温恒温器(MicromCryo-Star HM 560M,Microm International,德国)上切下在背海马区水平上的冠状切片(10μm)。从每只动物中采集200μm间隔的3个切片。
免疫组织化学:采用抗生物素蛋白-生物素过氧化物酶复合物(ABC;VectorLaboratories,Burlingame,CA,USA)对脑组织进行处理用于MBP(1:400brand citycountry)的免疫反应性。将切片在4%牛血清清蛋白(BSA brand city country)中封闭,然后与初级抗体一起于4℃温育24小时,此后将它们与二级抗体(1:200brand city country)一起温育,然后与抗生物素蛋白-生物素复合物(1:200,Vector Laboratories,Burlingame,CA,USA)一起温育。使切片与发色团3,3-二氨基联苯胺(DAB brand citycountry)在0.01%过氧化氢中反应,然后覆盖盖玻片。
相同方案用于Nestin(1:500brand city country)、GFAP(1:400brand citycountry)和NeuN(1:200brand city country)的荧光免疫组织化学,不同的是切片不在抗生物素蛋白-生物素复合物和DAB中温育。
同时对各实验组及其相应的对照组进行染色。当省略初级抗体处理时,染色不能发生。
采用成像系统(Meta Imaging Software,Molecular DevicesCorporation,宾夕法尼亚,U.S.A)进行定量分析。汇集每只动物的值,计算每组的平均值±SEM的平均值。用不公开的代码对针对观察者设盲的编码载玻片进行了测定,直到得出分析结论。
结果如下并如图7所示。
组织学分析揭示:在P7时,LF补充Dex幼仔(n=5)与Dex对照幼仔相比显著增加了海马区CA2-CA3视野中的核形态和神经元密度。在P7时皮质中的神经元密度减小启示了神经元损失。神经元密度与正常对照媒介物组相似(图7)。在这种特定的发育时间框中给予的乳铁蛋白将影响海马区和极易因营养不良和与异常相关的应激而受损的区域中的神经元密度。这意味着LF施用增加了神经元存活和神经元保护,例如在年幼IUGR大鼠中。
乳铁蛋白补充增加了脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的基因表达。
图8显示:膳食乳铁蛋白补充显著增加了在出生后第7天的脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的基因表达。
BDNF是促进周围神经系统和中枢神经系统(CNS)中神经元分化、存活和可塑性的神经营养因子。它是在多个神经元发育方面和成熟神经元中有牵连的关键分子。在CNS中,BDNF引起长时程增强,后者与突触可塑性相关。BDNF促进神经发生。具体而言,BDNF促进轴突外生和增加突触蛋白质的表达,它们是建立发育过程中突触联接或功能所需的。因此,膳食乳铁蛋白具有神经发育和神经保护的作用。
基因表达是基因编码的信息通过其转化为蛋白质的过程。我们的研究是用充分建立的方法分析乳铁蛋白补充对基因组分析脑BDNF水平的作用的首次研究。
简言之,用RNeasy Mini 按照制造商的方案(Qiagen,巴塞尔,瑞士)从海马区中提取总RNA。采用800个单位的莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒逆转录酶(Invitrogen,巴塞尔,瑞士)、在0.3个单位/微升RNAsin(Promega Corp,麦迪逊,WI)、7.5μM随机引物(寡(dN)6)、1.2mM dNTP和12μM DTT的存在下使2.5微克总RNA进行逆转录。通过定量实时PCR、采用ABIstep one plus Detection System(Applera Europe,Rotkreuz,瑞士)测定大鼠BDNF的cDNAs表达,并采用管家核糖体基因36B4使其标准化。采用SYBR Green Core Reagent试剂盒(Applera Europe,Rotkreuz,瑞士)对PCR产物进行定量,结果以相对于对照组值的任意单位(A.U)表示。采用Primer Express软件(Applera Europe,Rotkreuz,瑞士)设计引物。
动物行为数据:
在妊娠和泌乳的整个过程(总计6周)中将牛乳乳铁蛋白(bLF)以1g/kg/天的剂量水平补充给大鼠母亲,以便在4.5月龄时在4个不同的组:(1)对照-媒介物(CE);(2)对照-DEX(CD);(3)乳铁蛋白-媒介物(LE);和(4)乳铁蛋白-Dex(LD)中采用Intellicage测定bLF对动物行为的益处。
自由适应性试验(与旷场试验相关)是将大鼠放入新环境Intellicage中达3天,以监测大鼠的活动和与环境的相互影响(不同角落的探访数)。对探究行为/好奇心进行了监测以分析大鼠是如何适应新环境的。
结果显示:在3天试验的整个过程中,与对照-媒介物(正常对照)、bLF-媒介物和bLF-DEX大鼠相比,对照DEX大鼠具有降低的对Intellicase的探究活动/好奇心。在自由适应性试验的第3天,对照-Dex与对照-媒介物和bLf-Dex二者之间的差异是显著的(P<0.05)。这些结果启示:在出生前补充LF改善了焦虑样行为,包括对于4.5月龄的健康和生命早期脑损伤成年动物而言更多的探究活动、好奇心和与新环境的相互影响(图9)。所得数据启示了LF具有显著的神经元保护作用和一定程度上较小的对神经发育的作用(图1)。
Claims (19)
1.乳铁蛋白在制备用于预防脑发育迟缓和/或神经系统发育迟缓的可摄入组合物中的用途,所述组合物包含浓度为0.01g–100g/100kcal组合物的乳铁蛋白。
2.乳铁蛋白在制备用于预防神经移行迟缓和/或认识发育迟缓的可摄入组合物中的用途,所述组合物包含浓度为0.01g–100g/100kcal组合物的乳铁蛋白。
3.乳铁蛋白在制备用于预防学习能力受损、精神行为受损、记忆力受损或注意广度降低的可摄入组合物中的用途,所述组合物包含浓度为0.01g–100g/100kcal组合物的乳铁蛋白。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中该组合物选自食品、药物组合物、营养配制物、营养保健品、食品添加剂。
5.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中该组合物选自动物食品。
6.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中该组合物选自饮料。
7.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中该组合物选自婴幼儿喂养配方食品。
8.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中乳铁蛋白作为富含乳铁蛋白的乳或乳清级分被提供。
9.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中所述组合物包含蛋白质源、脂质源和碳水化合物源。
10.权利要求9的用途,其中蛋白质源以1.4至4.0g/100kcal组合物的量存在。
11.权利要求9的用途,其中50%重量以上的蛋白质源是乳清蛋白。
12.权利要求9的用途,其中脂质源构成组合物总能量的30至55%和/或碳水化合物源构成组合物总能量的35至65%。
13.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中所述组合物还包含至少70mg/L的总唾液酸、以总脂肪酸重量计至少0.1%的ω-3脂肪酸和/或以总脂肪酸重量计至少0.25%ω-6脂肪酸。
14.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中组合物意欲以相当于摄入至少0.01g乳铁蛋白/kg体重/天的量施用。
15.权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中组合物被施用于处于妊娠中的母亲、处于泌乳中的母亲、早产或如期出生的婴儿、低出生体重婴幼儿、IUGR婴幼儿、婴幼儿、幼儿、儿童和/或青少年。
16.乳铁蛋白在制备用于预防脑发育迟缓和/或神经系统发育迟缓的组合物中的用途。
17.乳铁蛋白在制备用于预防神经移行迟缓和/或认识发育迟缓的组合物中的用途。
18.乳铁蛋白在制备用于预防学习能力受损、精神行为受损、记忆力受损或注意广度降低的组合物中的用途。
19.权利要求16-18任一项的用途,其中组合物被施用于处于妊娠中的母亲、处于泌乳中的母亲、早产或如期出生的婴儿、低出生体重婴幼儿、IUGR婴幼儿、婴幼儿、幼儿、儿童和/或青少年。
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TW201106966A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
EP2429572B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
ZA201109089B (en) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2251030A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
ES2715282T3 (es) | 2019-06-03 |
RU2568596C2 (ru) | 2015-11-20 |
RU2015141812A (ru) | 2018-12-28 |
CA2761480A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
EP2429572A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
CN102458450A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
JP2012526746A (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
CN105435214A (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
MX2011012073A (es) | 2012-02-23 |
CN102458450B (zh) | 2016-01-13 |
BRPI1012211A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
MY183291A (en) | 2021-02-18 |
WO2010130643A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
RU2015141812A3 (zh) | 2019-03-26 |
MX343325B (es) | 2016-11-01 |
US8524658B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
RU2011150194A (ru) | 2013-06-20 |
RU2688671C2 (ru) | 2019-05-22 |
US20120184484A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
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