CN105435131A - 一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105435131A CN105435131A CN201610024788.9A CN201610024788A CN105435131A CN 105435131 A CN105435131 A CN 105435131A CN 201610024788 A CN201610024788 A CN 201610024788A CN 105435131 A CN105435131 A CN 105435131A
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- radix
- chinese medicine
- rhizoma
- heart failure
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Abstract
本发明涉及中医药领域,尤其涉及一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物。由黄芪、丹参、枸杞、甘草、决明子、益母草、金银花、葛根、瓜蒌、茯苓、五加皮、莪术、酸枣仁、桑寄生、龙骨、白术、熟附子、三棱、天麻、葶苈子、猪苓、桂枝、枳实、杜茎山、麦冬、山茱萸等组成。本发明相对于现有技术具有疗效好、成本低、局限性小、无不良反应等优点。本发明具有补益心气、活血化瘀、利水化痰等功效,各药相互配伍,达到治疗心力衰竭的目的。与同类药物比较,本发明药物具有配伍严谨,药性平和,疗效显著的特点,便于在临床上大面积推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药学技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
心力衰竭是由于心肌梗死、心肌病、血流动力学负荷过重、炎症等任何原因引起的心肌损伤,造成心肌结构和功能的变化,最后导致心室泵血或充盈功能低下。临床主要表现为呼吸困难、乏力和体潴留。慢性心力衰竭(CHF)是指持续存在的心力衰竭状态,可以稳定、恶化或失代偿。治疗心衰的目标不仅是改善症状、提高生活质量,而且针对心肌重构的机制,延缓和防止心肌重构的发展,降低心衰的住院率和死亡率。
近年来,心衰的发病率和病死率呈现不断上升的趋势,由此产生的医疗费用和社会负担也迅速增加,2005年美国CHF患者达到550万,直接或间接用于治疗CHF的费用高达279亿美元。我国对35~74岁城乡居民共15518人随机抽样调查的结果:心衰患病率为0.9%,按计算约有400万心衰患者,其中男性为0.7%,女性为1.0%。Framingham研究显示,CHF5年存活率,男性为25%,女性为38%,重症患者一般存活不到1年。据我国部分地区42家医院,在1980、1990、2000年3个全年段,对心衰住院病例共10714例所作的回顾性调查,病因中冠心病由1980年的36.8%上升至2000年的45.6%,居各种病因之首。
我国中医药在长期的治病过程中,积累了丰富的经验。中医传统文献中无“心衰”之名,根据其临床特征,涉及中医“喘证”、“水肿”、“心悸”、“怔忡”、“痰饮”、“心痹”等范畴。大多数研究认为,本病属本虚标实、虚实夹杂之证,以心气心阳虚衰为本,血脉瘀滞、水饮内停、痰浊不化为标。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的不足,本发明提供一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物,对慢性心衰具有显著疗效。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物,由以下重量份数的各组分组成:
黄芪1-30份、丹参1-30份、枸杞1-30份、甘草1-30份、决明子1-30份、益母草1-30份、金银花1-30份、葛根1-30份、瓜蒌1-30份、茯苓1-30份、五加皮1-30份、莪术1-30份、酸枣仁1-30份、桑寄生1-30份、龙骨1-30份、白术1-30份、熟附子1-30份、三棱1-30份、天麻1-30份、葶苈子1-30份、猪苓1-30份、桂枝1-30份、枳实1-30份、杜茎山1-30份、麦冬1-30份、山茱萸1-30份、车前子1-30份、石菖蒲1-30份、合欢皮1-30份、当归1-30份、三七1-30份、黄连1-30份、五味子1-30份、茵陈1-30份、赤芍1-30份、丹皮1-30份、鹿角1-30份、远志1-30份、蒲黄1-30份、川穹1-30份、杜仲1-30份、地龙1-30份、冷水七1-30份、铁箍散1-30份。
进一步的,本发明由以下重量份数的各组分组成:
黄芪1-20份、丹参1-20份、枸杞1-20份、甘草1-20份、决明子1-20份、益母草1-20份、金银花1-20份、葛根1-20份、瓜蒌1-20份、茯苓1-20份、五加皮1-20份、莪术1-20份、酸枣仁1-20份、桑寄生1-20份、龙骨1-20份、白术1-20份、熟附子1-20份、三棱1-20份、天麻1-20份、葶苈子1-20份、猪苓1-20份、桂枝1-20份、枳实1-20份、杜茎山1-20份、麦冬1-20份、山茱萸1-20份、车前子1-20份、石菖蒲1-20份、合欢皮1-20份、当归1-20份、三七1-20份、黄连1-20份、五味子1-20份、茵陈1-20份、赤芍1-20份、丹皮1-20份、鹿角1-20份、远志1-20份、蒲黄1-20份、川穹1-20份、杜仲1-20份、地龙1-20份、冷水七1-20份、铁箍散1-20份。
进一步的,本发明由以下重量份数的各组分组成:
黄芪1-10份、丹参1-10份、枸杞1-10份、甘草1-10份、决明子1-10份、益母草1-10份、金银花1-10份、葛根1-10份、瓜蒌1-10份、茯苓1-10份、五加皮1-10份、莪术1-10份、酸枣仁1-10份、桑寄生1-10份、龙骨1-10份、白术1-10份、熟附子1-10份、三棱1-10份、天麻1-10份、葶苈子1-10份、猪苓1-10份、桂枝1-10份、枳实1-10份、杜茎山1-10份、麦冬1-10份、山茱萸1-10份、车前子1-10份、石菖蒲1-10份、合欢皮1-10份、当归1-10份、三七1-10份、黄连1-10份、五味子1-10份、茵陈1-10份、赤芍1-10份、丹皮1-10份、鹿角1-10份、远志1-10份、蒲黄1-10份、川穹1-10份、杜仲1-10份、地龙1-10份、冷水七1-10份、铁箍散1-10份。
进一步的,本发明所述中药制剂的剂型为:片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、蜜丸剂、散剂、丹剂、溶液剂、注射剂、栓剂、硬膏剂或糖浆剂。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明还提供一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物的制备方法,所述胶囊制备包括以下步骤:
a.将所述原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后过筛,
b.将过筛后的中药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次;
c.再取上述乙醇提取后的药渣,加水加热回流提取2次;
d.将上述两种提取液合并,减压回收乙醇并喷雾干燥,得药粉;药粉装入胶囊制为胶囊剂。
进一步的,所述步骤a中,将所述原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后过100目细筛,使能通过100目筛的细粉量在达到50%,收集通过100目筛的原料细粉备用。
进一步的,所述步骤b中,将过筛后的中药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~3小时,将2次提取液合并静置;所述步骤c中,将上述乙醇提取过的药渣加10倍量水加热回流提取2次,每次1~3小时,将2次提取液合并静置。
进一步的,所述步骤d中将上述两种提取液合并,减压浓缩相对密度为70℃时1.08的滤液,回收乙醇,将所得滤液调整比重到1.06,通入喷雾干燥机进行喷雾干燥,过喷雾干燥机喷头的压缩空气压力为4kg/m2,干燥室热气流温度是60℃,得原料药粉;将原料药粉装入胶囊。
进一步的,所述中药制剂的剂型为口服液剂,其制备步骤包括:
a、取原料药放入水中浸泡,热提取2次,成浸膏状,为组分1;
b、药渣乙醇提取1次,浓缩过滤为浸膏状,为组分2;
c、将上述两种浸膏浓缩成糊状,浓缩液用CO60灭菌,辐照剂量8k,加入糊精,然后真空冷冻密封即得。
进一步的,所述内服药物的剂型为丸剂,其制备步骤包括:
a.将所述原料药混合,切碎,过120目筛,得细药粉备用;
b.将未过筛的粗粉浸泡乙醇中提取2次;
c.再取上述步骤提取后的药渣,加水加热回流提取2次;
d.将上述两种提取液合并,减压回收乙醇成浸膏,与a步骤得到细药粉合并加入蜂胶搓成丸剂。
本发明相对于现有技术具有疗效好、成本低、局限性小、无不良反应等优点。本发明具有补益心气、活血化瘀、利水化痰等功效,各药相互配伍,达到治疗心力衰竭的目的。与同类药物比较,本发明药物具有配伍严谨,药性平和,疗效显著的特点,便于在临床上大面积推广应用。
具体实施方式
治疗CHF的传统药物主要包括利尿剂、ACEI(血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)类、血管扩张剂、强心剂、心肌营养剂、钙通道阻滞剂等,但并未从根本上提高患者的生活质量,也未能有效降低CHF的死亡率,临床应用中也存在诸多问题。随着对CHF发生和发展基本病理机制——心肌重构的认识,传统的强心、利尿、扩血管的常规治疗理念正在逐步淡化,从短期的药理学措施改善症状,逐渐转变为长期的、修复性的策略及对CHF发病机制的干预。
黄芪:性味:甘,温。归经:归肺、脾经。功能主治:补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,气虚水肿,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚痿黄,内热消渴;慢性肾炎蛋白尿,糖尿病。
丹参:性味:苦,微温。①《本经》;"味苦,微寒,无毒。"②《吴普本草》:"岐伯:咸。"③李当之《药录》:"大寒。"④《本草经疏》:"味苦,平,微温。"归经:入心、肝经。①《纲目》:"手少阴、厥阴血分药。"②《本草经疏》:"入手足少阴、足厥阴经。"③《本草正》:"心、脾、肝、肾血分之药。"功能主治:活血祛瘀,安神宁心,排脓,止痛。治心绞痛,月经不调,痛经,经闭,血崩带下,症瘕,积聚,瘀血腹痛,骨节疼痛,惊悸不眠,恶疮肿毒。
枸杞:性味:甘,平。①《别录》:"微寒,无毒。"②《药性论》:"味甘,平。"③《食疗本草》:"寒,无毒。"归经:入肝、肾经。①《本草汇言》:"入足少阴、足厥阴经。"②《本草经解》:"入足少阴肾经、手少阴心经。"③《要药分剂》:"入肝、胃二经,兼入肺经。"功能主治:滋肾,润肺,补肝,明目。治肝肾阴亏,腰膝酸软,头晕,目眩,目昏多泪,虚劳咳嗽,消渴,遗精。①陶弘景:"补益精气,强盛阴道。"②《药性论》:"能补益精诸不足,易颜色,变白,明目,安神。"③《食疗本草》:"坚筋耐老,除风,补益筋骨,能益人,去虚劳。"④王好古:"主心病嗌干,心痛,渴而引饮,肾病消中。"
甘草:性味:甘,平。①《本经》:"味甘,平。"②《别录》:"无毒。"③《本草衍义》:"微凉。"④《珍珠囊》:"生甘,平;炙甘,温。"归经:入脾、胃、肺经。①《汤液本草》:"入足厥阴、太阴、少阴经。"②《雷公炮制药性解》:"入心、脾二经。"③《本草通玄》:"入脾、胃。"④《本草经解》:"入手太阴肺经、足太阴脾经。"功能主治:和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药。炙用,治脾胃虚弱,食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊痫;生用,治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疽疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。
决明子:性味:苦甘,凉。①《本经》:"味咸,平。"②《别录》:"苦甘,微寒,无毒。"③《本草正》:"味微苦微甘,性平,微凉。"归经:入肝、肾经。①《雷公炮制药性解》:"入肝经。"②《本草经疏》:"足厥阴肝,亦入胆、肾。"功能主治:清肝,明目,利水,通便。治风热赤眼,青盲,雀目,高血压,肝炎,肝硬化腹水,习惯性便秘。①《本经):"治青盲,目淫肤赤白膜,眼赤痛,泪出,久服益精光。"②《别录》:"疗唇口青。"③《药性论》:"利五脏,除肝家热。"④《日华子本草》:"助肝气,益精水;调末涂,消肿毒,熁太阳穴治头痛,又贴脑心止鼻衄;作枕胜黑豆,治头风,明目。"
益母草:性味:辛苦,凉。①《本草拾遗》:"寒。"②《本草蒙筌》:"味辛甘,气微温,无毒。"③《纲目》:"味辛微苦,无毒。"④《本草正》:"味微苦、微辛。微寒,性滑。"归经:入心包、肝经。①《本草汇言》:"手、足厥阴经。"②《药品化义》:"入肝、脾、包络三经。"③《本草再新》:"入心、脾、肾三经。"功能主治:活血,祛瘀,调经,消水。治月经不调,胎漏难产,胞衣不下,产后血晕,瘀血腹痛,崩中漏下,尿血,泻血,痈肿疮疡。
金银花:性味:甘,寒。①《滇南本草》:"性寒,味苦。"②《本草正》:"味甘,气平,其性微寒。"归经:入肺、胃经。①《雷公炮制药性解》:"入肺经。"②《得配本草》:"入足阳明、太阴经。"功能主治:清热,解毒。治温病发热,热毒血痢,痈疡,肿毒,瘰疬,痔漏。①《滇南本草》:"清热,解诸疮,痈疽发背,丹流瘰疬。"②《生草药性备要》;"能消痈疽疔毒,止痢疾,洗疳疮,去皮肤血热。"③《本草备要》:"养血止渴。治疥癣。"④《重庆堂随笔》:"清络中风火湿热,解温疫秽恶浊邪,息肝胆浮越风阳,治痉厥癫痫诸症。"
葛根:性味:甘、辛,凉。归经:归脾、胃经。功能主治:解肌退热,生津,透疹,升阳止泻。用于外感发热头痛、项背强痛,口渴,消渴,麻疹不透,热痢,泄泻;高血压颈项强痛。
瓜蒌:性味:甘、微苦、寒。归经:归肺、胃、大肠经。功能主治:清热涤痰,宽胸散结,润燥滑肠。用于肺热咳嗽,痰浊黄稠,胸痹心痛,结胸痞满,乳痈,肺痈,肠痈肿痛,大便秘结。
茯苓:性味:甘、淡,平。归经:归心、肺、脾、肾经。功能主治:利水渗湿,健脾宁心。用于水肿尿少,痰饮眩悸,脾虚食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠。
五加皮:性味:辛,温。①《本经》:"味辛,温。"②《别录》:"苦,微寒,无毒。"③《药性论》:"有小毒。"④《医林纂要》:"苦微辛,寒。"⑤《四川中药志》:"性温,味甘,无毒。"归经:入肝、肾经。①《雷公炮制药性解》:"入肺、肾二经。"②《本草经疏》:"入足少阴、厥阴经。"功能主治:祛风湿,壮筋骨,活血去瘀。治风寒湿痹,筋骨挛急,腰痛,阳痿,脚弱,小儿行迟,水肿,脚气,疮疽肿毒,跌打劳伤。
莪术:性味:苦辛,温。入肝、脾经。功能主治:破血行气,消积止痛。用于血瘀腹痛、肝脾肿大、心腹胀痛,积聚,妇女血瘀经闭,跌打损伤作痛饮食积滞。(1)行气止痛,破血消积:用于气滞血瘀之经闭、胸胁痛、腹痛及症瘕肿块等。常配三棱。(2)消食化积:用于饮食积滞之胃腹胀痛,常配焦麦芽、焦槟榔。
酸枣仁:性味:甘,平。①《本经》:"味酸,平。"②《别录》:"无毒。"③《本草衍义》:"微温。"④《饮膳正要》:"味酸甘,平。"归经:入心、脾、肝、胆经。①《纲目》:"足厥阴、少阳。"②《雷公炮制药性解》:"入心、脾、肝、胆四经。"功能主治:养肝,宁心,安神,敛汗。治虚烦不眠,惊悸怔忡,烦渴,虚汗。
桑寄生:性味:苦甘,平。①《本经》:"苦,平。"②《别录》:"甘,无毒。"③《滇南本草》:"性微温,味苦甘。"归经:入肝、肾经。①《得配本草》:"入足厥阴经。"②《本草求真》:"入肝、肾。"③《本草再新》:"入心、肾二经。"功能主治:补肝肾,强筋骨,除风湿,通经络,益血,安胎。治腰膝酸痛,筋骨痿弱,偏枯,脚气,风寒湿痹,胎漏血崩,产后乳汁不下。①《本经》:"主腰痛,小儿背强,痈肿,安胎,充肌肤,坚发、齿,长须眉。"②《别录》:"主金疮,去痹,女子崩中,内伤不足,产后余疾,下乳汁。"③《药性论》:"能令胎牢固,主怀妊漏血不止。"④《日华子本草》:"助筋骨,益血脉。"
龙骨:性味:甘涩,平。①《本经》:"味甘,平。"②《别录》:"微寒,无毒。"③《药性论》:"有小毒,"④《本草正》:"甘,平,性涩。"⑤《医学衷中参西录》:"味淡微辛,性平。"归经:入心、肝、肾、大肠经。①《纲目》:"入手足少阴、厥阴经。"②《本草经疏》:"入足厥阴、少阳、少阴,兼入手少阴、阳明经。"功能主治:镇惊安神,敛汗固精,止血涩肠,生肌敛疮。治惊痫癫狂,怔忡健忘,失眠多梦,自汗盗汗,遗精淋浊,吐衄便血,崩漏带下,泻痢脱肛,溃疡久不收口。
白术:性味:苦、甘,温。归经:归脾、胃经。功能主治:健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。土白术健脾,和胃,安胎。用于脾虚食少,泄泻便溏,胎动不安。
熟附子:性味:辛、甘,大热;有毒。归经:归心、肾、脾经。功能主治:回阳救逆,补火助阳,逐风寒湿邪。用于亡阳虚脱,肢冷脉微,阳萎,宫冷,心腹冷痛,虚寒吐泻,阴寒水肿,阳虚外感,寒湿痹痛。
三棱:性味:苦辛,平。①《本草拾遗》:"甘平,温。"②《日华子本草》:"味甘涩,凉。"③《开宝本草》:"味苦,平,无毒。"④《本草衍义补遗》:"辛苦。"归经:入肝。脾经。①《雷公炮制药性解">雷公炮制药性解》:"入肺、脾二经。"②《本草经疏》:"入足厥阴、太阴。"功能主治:破血,行气,消积,止痛。治症瘕积聚,气血凝滞,心腹疼痛,胁下胀疼,经闭,产后瘀血腹痛,跌打损伤。疮肿坚硬。
天麻:性味:甘,平。①《本经》:"味辛,温。"②《药性论》:"无毒。味甘,平。"③《医学启源》:"气平,味苦。"归经:入肝经。①《纲目》:"入肝经气分。"②《雷公炮制药性解》:"入肝、膀胱二经。"③《本草新编》:"入脾、肾、肝、胆、心经。"功能主治:息风,定惊。治眩晕眼黑,头风头痛,肢体麻木,半身不遂,语言蹇涩,小儿惊痫动风。①《本经》:"主恶气,久服益气力,长阴肥健。"②《别录》:"消痈肿,下支满,疝,下血。"③《药性论》:"治冷气顽痹,瘫缓不遂,语多恍惚,多惊失志。"④《日华子本草》:"助阳气,补五劳七伤,通血脉,开窍。"⑤《开宝本草》:"主诸风湿痹,四肢拘挛,小儿风痫、惊气,利腰膝,强筋力。"
葶苈子:性味:辛苦,寒。①《本经》:"味辛,寒。"②《别录》:"苦,大寒,无毒。"③《药性论》:"味酸,有小毒。"归经:入肺、膀胱经。①《雷公炮制药性解》:"肺、心、脾、膀胱四经。"②《本草经疏》:"为手太阴经正药,亦入手阳明,足太阳经。"③《本草求真》:"入肺,兼入胃。"④《本草再新》:"入肝、肺二经。"功能主治:下气行水。治肺壅喘急,痰坎咳嗽,水肿胀满。
猪苓:性味:甘淡,平。①《本经》:"味甘,平。"②《药性论》:"微热。"③李杲:"淡甘,平。"归经:入脾、肾、膀胱经。①《汤液本草》:"入足太阳、少阴经。"②《药品化》:"入脾、膀胱二经。"③《本草经解》:"入手太阴肺经、足太阴脾经。"功能主治:利尿渗湿。治小便不利,水肿胀满,脚气,泄泻,淋、浊,带下。
桂枝:性味:辛、甘,温。归经:归心、肺、膀胱经。功能主治:发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气。用于风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸,奔豚。
枳实:性味:苦,寒。①《本经》:"味苦,寒。"②《吴普本草》:"雷公:酸,无毒。李当之:大寒。"③《别录》:"酸,微寒,无毒。"④《药性论》:"味苦辛。"归经:入脾、胃经。①《雷公炮制药性解》:"入心、脾二经。"②《本草经疏》:"入足阳明、太阴经。"③《本草再新》:"入肝、脾二经。"功能主治:破气,散痞,泻痰,消积。治胸腹胀满,胸痹,痞痛,痰癖,水肿,食积,便秘,胃下垂,子宫下垂,脱肛。
杜茎山:性味:苦,寒。功能主治:祛风利尿,止血,消肿。根:头痛,腰痛,水肿,腹水;叶:外用治创伤出血。
麦冬:性味:甘,微苦,微寒。归经:归心、肺、胃经。功能主治:养阴生津,润肺清心。用于肺燥干咳。虚痨咳嗽,津伤口渴,心烦失眠,内热消渴,肠燥便秘;咽白喉。
山茱萸:味酸涩,气平、微温,无毒。入肾、肝二经。温肝经之血,补肾脏之精,兴阳道以长阴茎,暖腰膝而助阳气,经候可调,小便能缩,通水窍,去三虫,强力延年,轻身明目。其核勿用,用则滑精难收,实益阴之圣丹、补髓之神药。仲景夫子所以采入于八味丸中,取其固精而生水也。《本经》谓其九窍堪通,而世人疑之者,以其味过于涩,则窍闭而不能开,恐难以通之也。予以为不然。夫人五脏安,则九窍自利,而五脏之内,一脏不安,则四脏因之不安矣。所谓一脏者何?即肾脏也。肾为四脏之本,肾安而四脏俱安。安四脏而利九窍,又何疑乎。山茱萸佐八味以补肾,正安肾以安五脏之药也。五脏既安,而谓九窍之不能利乎。且山茱萸不止利九窍也。三焦六腑,无不藉其庇荫,受其滋益。此八味汤中之所必用,而岐伯天师新立补肾诸方,无不用之以救垂绝之症也。
车前子:性味:甘,寒。①《本经》:"味甘,寒。"②《别录》:"咸,无毒。"③《药性论》:"甘,平。"④《药品化义》:"味淡,性平。"归经:入肾、膀胱经。①《本草蒙筌》:"入膀胱。"②《雷公炮制药性解》:"入肝、膀胱、小肠三经。"③《本草经疏》:"入肾、肝、膀胱三经。"功能主治:利水,清热,明日,祛痰。治小便不通,淋浊,带下,尿血,暑湿泻痢,咳嗽多痰,湿痹,目赤障翳。
石菖蒲:性味:辛,微温,①《本经》:"辛,温。"②《另口录》:"无毒。"③《药性论》:"味苦辛,无毒。"归经:入口、肝、脾经。①《纲目》:"手少阴、足厥阴。"②《雷公炮制药性解》:"入心、脾、膀胱三经。"③《本草经解》:"入足厥阴肝经、手太阴肺经。"功能主治:开窍,豁痰,理气,活血,散风,去湿。治癫痫,痰厥,热病神昏,健忘,气闭耳聋,心胸烦闷,胃痛,腹痛,风寒湿痹,痈疽肿毒,跌打损伤。
合欢皮:性味:甘,平。①《本经》:"甘,平。"②《本草汇言》:"甘,温平。"归经:入心、肝经。①《雷公炮制药性解》:"入心经。"②《本草再新》:"入心、肝二经。"功能主治:解郁,和血,宁心,消痈肿。治心神不安,忧郁失眠,肺痈,痈肿,瘰疬,筋骨折伤。《本经》:"主安五脏,和心志,令人欢乐无忧。"
当归:性味:甘、辛,温。归经:归肝、心、脾经。功能主治:补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,月经不调,经闭痛经,虚寒腹痛,肠燥便秘,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤,痈疽疮疡。酒当归活血通经。用于经闭痛经,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤。
三七:性味:甘、微苦,温。归经:归肝、胃经。功能主治:散瘀止血,消肿定痛。用于咯血,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,外伤出血,胸腹剌痛,跌扑肿痛。
黄连:性味:苦,寒。归经:归心、脾、胃、肝、胆、大肠经。功能主治:清热燥湿,泻火解毒。用于湿热痞满,呕吐吞酸,泻痢,黄疸,高热神昏,心火亢盛,心烦不寐,血热吐衄,目赤,牙痛,消渴,痈肿疔疮;外治湿疹,湿疮,耳道流脓。酒黄连善清上焦火热。用于目赤,口疮。姜黄连清胃和胃止呕。用于寒热互结,湿热中阻,痞满呕吐。萸黄连舒肝和胃止呕。用于肝胃不和,呕吐吞酸。
五味子:性味:酸、甘,温。归经:归肺,心、肾经。功能主治:收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心。用于久嗽虚喘,梦遗滑精,遗尿尿频,久泻不止,自汗,盗汗,津伤口渴,短气脉虚,内热消渴,心悸失眠。
茵陈:性味。味苦、辛,性微寒。归经:归脾、胃、肝、胆经。功能:有清利湿热,利胆退黄的功效。主治:用于黄疸尿少,湿温暑湿,湿疮瘙痒。
赤芍:性味:苦,微寒。归经:归肝经。功能主治:清热凉血,散瘀止痛。用于温毒发斑,吐血衄血,目赤肿痛,肝郁胁痛,经闭痛经,症瘕腹痛,跌扑损伤,痈肿疮疡。
丹皮:性味:辛苦,凉。①《本经》:"味辛,寒。"②《滇南本草》:"性寒,味酸辛。"③《本草备要》:"辛甘,微寒。"归经:入心、肝、肾经。①《珍珠囊》:"手厥阴、足少阴。"②《纲目》:"手足少阴、厥阴四经。"③《雷公炮制药性解》:"入肺经。"功能主治:清热,凉血,和血,消瘀。治热入血分,发斑,惊痫,吐、衄、便血,骨蒸劳热,经闭,症瘕,痈疡,扑损。①《本经》:"主寒热,中风瘈疭、痉、惊痫邪气,除症坚瘀血留舍肠胃,安五脏,疗痈疮。"②《别录》:"除时气头痛,客热五劳,劳气头腰痛,风噤,癫疾。"③《药性论》:"治冷气,散诸痛,治女子经脉不通,血沥腰疼。"④《日华子本草》:"除邪气,悦色,通关腠血脉,排脓,通月经,消扑损瘀血,续筋骨,除风痹,落胎下胞,产后一切冷热血气。"
鹿角:性味:咸,温。①《本经》:"温。"②《别录》:"味咸,微温,无毒。"归经:入肝、肾经。①《得配本草》:"入手少阳、足少阴经血分。"②《要药分剂》:"入肾经,兼入心、肝二经。"功能主治:行血,消肿,益肾。治疮疡肿毒,瘀血作痛,虚劳内伤,腰脊疼痛。①《本经》:"主恶疮痈肿,逐邪恶气,留血在阴中。"②《别录》:"除小腹血急痛,腰脊痛,折伤恶血,益气。"③《千金·食治》:"屑服方寸匕,日三,益气力,强骨髓,补绝伤。"④孟诜:"妇人梦交者,鹿角末三指撮,和清酒服;女子胞中余血不尽欲死者,以清酒和鹿角灰服方寸匕,日三夜一。"⑤《日华子本草》:"疗患疮痈肿热毒等,醋摩敷;脱精尿血,水摩服;小儿重舌鹅口疮,炙熨之。"
远志:性味:苦辛,温。①《本经》:"味苦,温。"②《别录》:"无毒。"③《本草经疏》:"苦微辛,温。"④《医学衷中参西录》:"味酸微辛,性平。"归经:入心、肾经。①王好古:"肾经气分。"②《滇南本草》:"入心、肝、脾三经。"功能主治:安神益智,祛痰,解郁。治惊悸,健忘,梦遗,失眠,咳嗽多痰,痈疽疮肿。(1)祛痰开窍:用于痰阻心窍之神昏痰盛及精神失常,可配菖蒲、郁金。(2)交通心肾:用于心肾不交之失眠,常配茯苓、酸枣仁。①《本经》:"主咳逆伤中,补不足,除邪气,利九窍,益智慧,耳目聪明,不忘,强志倍力。"②《本草经集注》:"杀天雄、附子毒。"③《别录》:"定心气,止惊悸,益精,去心下膈气、皮肤中热、面目黄。"④《药性论》:"治心神健春,坚壮阳道。主梦邪。"
蒲黄:性味:甘辛,凉。①《本经》:"味甘,平。"②《本草正》:"味微甘,性微寒。"③《本草汇言》:"性凉,炒味涩。"④《要药分剂》:"味甘辛,性平,无毒。"归经:入肝、心经。①《纲目》:"手、足厥阴血分。"②《本草经疏》:"入手少阴、太阳、太阴,足阳明、厥阴。"③《药品化义》:"入脾经。"功能主治:凉血止血,活血消瘀。生用治经闭腹痛,产后瘀阻作痛,跌扑血闷,疮疖肿毒;炒黑止吐血,衄血,崩漏,泻血,尿血,血痢,带下;外治重舌,口疮,聤耳流脓,耳中出血,阴下湿痒。止血,化瘀,通淋。用于吐血、衄血、咯血、崩漏、外伤出血、经闭、痛经、脘腹刺痛、跌打肿痛、血淋湿痛。止血、活血:用于各种出血、痛经、跌损、痈肿疼痛。配五灵脂名失笑散,能祛瘀止痛,常用于产后腹痛、痛经及胃腹瘀痛。
川穹:性味:辛,温。①《本经》:"味辛,温。"②《吴普本草》:"黄帝、岐伯、雷公:辛,无毒,香。扁鹊:酸,无毒。李氏:生温,熟寒。"③《唐本草》:"味苦辛。"④《本草正》:"味辛微甘,气温。"归经:入肝、胆经。①《汤液本草》:"入手足厥阴经、少阳经。"②《药品化义》:"入肝、脾、三焦三经。"功能主治:行气开郁,法风燥湿,活血止痛。治风冷头痛旋晕,胁痛腹疼,寒痹筋挛,经闭,难产,产后瘀阻块痛,痈疽疮疡。用于月经不调,经闭痛经,瘕腹痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑肿痛,头痛,风湿痹痛。
杜仲:性味:甘微辛,温。①《本经》:"味辛,平。"②《别录》:"甘,温,无毒。"③《药性论》:"味苦。"归经:入肝、肾经。①王好古:"肝经气分。"②《雷公炮制药性解》:"入肾经。"③《本草经解》:"入手太阴肺经。"功能主治:补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎。治腰脊酸疼,足膝痿弱,小便余沥,阴下湿痒,胎漏欲堕,胎动不安,高血压。①《本经》:"主腰脊痛,补中益精气,坚筋骨,强志,除阴下痒湿,小便余沥。"②《别录》:"主脚中酸痛,不欲践地。"③《药性论》:"治肾冷臀腰痛,腰病人虚而身强直,风也。腰不利加而用之。"④《日华子本草》:"治肾劳,腰脊挛。入药炙用。"⑤王好古:"润肝燥,补肝经风虚。"
地龙:性味:味咸;性寒。归经:归肝;脾;膀胱经。功能主治:清势止痉;平肝熄风;通经活络;平喘利尿。主热病发热狂燥;惊痫抽搐;肝阳头痛;中风偏瘫;风湿痹痛;肺热喘咳;小便不通。
冷水七:性味:味甘;苦;性凉;有毒。归经:肝;脾经。功能主治:消积除胀;泻下逐水;破瘀定痛。主食积臌胀;二便不通;跌打损伤。
铁箍散:性味:甘、辛,平。功能主治:祛风活血,解毒消肿,止痛。根:风湿麻木,跌打损伤,胃痛,月经不调,血栓闭塞性麦管炎;叶:外用治疮疖,毒蛇咬伤,外伤出血。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1
将黄芪2份、丹参1份、枸杞2份、甘草2份、决明子3份、益母草5份、金银花5份、葛根2份、瓜蒌1份、茯苓2份、五加皮1份、莪术2份、酸枣仁1份、桑寄生2份、龙骨1份、白术2份、熟附子2份、三棱2份、天麻1份、葶苈子2份、猪苓1份、桂枝2份、枳实2份、杜茎山2份、麦冬2份、山茱萸2份、车前子2份、石菖蒲2份、合欢皮2份、当归2份、三七3份、黄连5份、五味子3份、茵陈3份、赤芍3份、丹皮3份、鹿角3份、远志3份、蒲黄3份、川穹3份、杜仲3份、地龙3份、冷水七3份、铁箍散3份原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后过100目细筛,使能通过100目筛的细粉量在达到50%,收集通过100目筛的原料细粉备用;将过筛后的中药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~3小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述乙醇提取过的药渣加10倍量水加热回流提取2次,每次1~3小时,将2次提取液合并静置。将上述两种提取液合并,减压浓缩相对密度为70℃时1.08的滤液,回收乙醇,将所得滤液调整比重到1.06,通入喷雾干燥机进行喷雾干燥,过喷雾干燥机喷头的压缩空气压力为4kg/m2,干燥室热气流温度是60℃,得原料药粉;将过筛后得到的原料药粉装入胶囊。
实施例2
将黄芪2份、丹参1份、枸杞2份、甘草2份、决明子3份、益母草5份、金银花5份、葛根2份、瓜蒌1份、茯苓2份、五加皮1份、莪术2份、酸枣仁1份、桑寄生2份、龙骨1份、白术2份、熟附子2份、三棱2份、天麻1份、葶苈子2份、猪苓1份、桂枝2份、枳实2份、杜茎山2份、麦冬2份、山茱萸2份、车前子2份、石菖蒲2份、合欢皮2份、当归2份、三七3份、黄连5份、五味子3份、茵陈3份、赤芍3份、丹皮3份、鹿角3份、远志3份、蒲黄3份、川穹3份、杜仲3份、地龙3份、冷水七3份、铁箍散3份原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后过100目细筛,使能通过100目筛的细粉量在达到50%,收集通过100目筛的原料细粉备用;将过筛后的中药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~3小时,将2次提取液合并静置;将上述乙醇提取过的药渣加10倍量水加热回流提取2次,每次1~3小时,将2次提取液合并静置。将上述两种提取液合并,减压浓缩干燥成干膏,混合粉碎,加10%氯化钠,冷藏,分取上层清液,加入4倍量β-环糊精,适量水,加入环糊精包合物、淀粉、混合均匀,压片,再用薄膜包衣液,进行包衣,即得片剂。
实施例3
将黄芪2份、丹参1份、枸杞2份、甘草2份、决明子3份、益母草5份、金银花5份、葛根2份、瓜蒌1份、茯苓2份、五加皮1份、莪术2份、酸枣仁1份、桑寄生2份、龙骨1份、白术2份、熟附子2份、三棱2份、天麻1份、葶苈子2份、猪苓1份、桂枝2份、枳实2份、杜茎山2份、麦冬2份、山茱萸2份、车前子2份、石菖蒲2份、合欢皮2份、当归2份、三七3份、黄连5份、五味子3份、茵陈3份、赤芍3份、丹皮3份、鹿角3份、远志3份、蒲黄3份、川穹3份、杜仲3份、地龙3份、冷水七3份、铁箍散3份原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后过100目细筛,使能通过100目筛的细粉量在达到50%,收集通过100目筛的原料细粉;将过筛后的细粉放入水中浸泡,热提取2次,成浸膏状,为组分1;药渣加10倍量水加热回流提取2次,每次1~2小时,浓缩过滤为浸膏状,为组分2;将上述两种浸膏浓缩成糊状,浓缩液用CO60灭菌,辐照剂量8k,加入糊精,然后真空冷冻密封即得。
毒性试验:
实验动物
小白鼠由青岛市实验动物和动物实验中心提供。
小白鼠灌胃给药急性毒性实验
应用小鼠进行急性毒性实验表明:小鼠口服灌胃本发明的中药制剂胶囊剂,在387.1g生药/kg剂量下,给药后小鼠出现轻微活动减少,1小时左右恢复正常,给药后连续观察7天,无一动物死亡,其全身状况、饮食、摄水、小便和体重增长均正常,实验结果表明:小鼠口服灌胃本发明的中药制剂胶囊剂的最大给药量为388.8g生药/kg/d(LD50>388.8g生药/kg)。本发明的中药制剂每日临床用药总量为0.1g生药/kg/d;按体重计,小鼠灌胃本发明的中药制剂的耐受量为临床病人的3888倍。提示该药急性毒性低,临床用药安全。
大鼠灌胃给药长期毒性实验
毒性试验:
选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(16.0、5.0、1.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药制剂片剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crea、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的160、50、10倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(16.0、5.0、1.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
临床资料。
实验材料:
作为治疗慢性心衰的药物,选择慢性心衰患者180例进行临床观察,其中男101例,女性79例,年龄18-70岁,平均年龄45岁,病程1-10年。
临床使用
实验组服用实施例3的药物,早晚各一次,7天为一个疗程,根据病情连续服用3-4个疗程,病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。对照组:给予西药常规强心、扩冠利尿治疗(开搏通6.25~12.5mg,每日2次;双氢克尿噻12.5~25mg,每日2~3次;地戈辛0.125~0.25mg,每日1次),并根据病情调整剂量。
疗效评定标准
根据美国纽约心脏病学会心衰分级标准(NYHA分级),无心衰者BNP<80ng/L、心功能Ⅰ级者BNP95~221ng/L、心功能Ⅱ级患者BNP221~459ng/L、心功能Ⅲ级患者BNP459~1006ng/L、心功能Ⅳ级患者BNP≥1006ng/L。目前,在国际上把心衰患者BNP的阳性阈值定为100ng/L,当BNP测值在正常值以下时,可以认为能够排除心衰。
显效:临床症状基本消失,试验室检查各相关指标接近正常水平,BNP<100ng/L。
有效:临床症状减轻,试验室检查各相关指标有所改善,NYHA分级向好转方向提升,体征有改善。
无效:临床症状无明显好转或加重。
临床结果:
分组 | 人数 | 痊愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 有效率 | 无效率 |
实验组 | 101 | 57 | 36 | 8 | 92.08% | 7.92% |
对照组 | 79 | 30 | 29 | 20 | 74.68% | 25.32% |
不良反应
对于101例患者在治疗过程中进行跟踪观察,未发现明显的不良反应。
以上所述,仅是本发明的最佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下,利用上述揭示的方法内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰,均属于权利要求书保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物,其特征在于:由以下各组分组成:
黄芪1-30份、丹参1-30份、枸杞1-30份、甘草1-30份、决明子1-30份、益母草1-30份、金银花1-30份、葛根1-30份、瓜蒌1-30份、茯苓1-30份、五加皮1-30份、莪术1-30份、酸枣仁1-30份、桑寄生1-30份、龙骨1-30份、白术1-30份、熟附子1-30份、三棱1-30份、天麻1-30份、葶苈子1-30份、猪苓1-30份、桂枝1-30份、枳实1-30份、杜茎山1-30份、麦冬1-30份、山茱萸1-30份、车前子1-30份、石菖蒲1-30份、合欢皮1-30份、当归1-30份、三七1-30份、黄连1-30份、五味子1-30份、茵陈1-30份、赤芍1-30份、丹皮1-30份、鹿角1-30份、远志1-30份、蒲黄1-30份、川穹1-30份、杜仲1-30份、地龙1-30份、冷水七1-30份、铁箍散1-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物,其特征在于:由以下重量份数的各组分组成:
黄芪1-20份、丹参1-20份、枸杞1-20份、甘草1-20份、决明子1-20份、益母草1-20份、金银花1-20份、葛根1-20份、瓜蒌1-20份、茯苓1-20份、五加皮1-20份、莪术1-20份、酸枣仁1-20份、桑寄生1-20份、龙骨1-20份、白术1-20份、熟附子1-20份、三棱1-20份、天麻1-20份、葶苈子1-20份、猪苓1-20份、桂枝1-20份、枳实1-20份、杜茎山1-20份、麦冬1-20份、山茱萸1-20份、车前子1-20份、石菖蒲1-20份、合欢皮1-20份、当归1-20份、三七1-20份、黄连1-20份、五味子1-20份、茵陈1-20份、赤芍1-20份、丹皮1-20份、鹿角1-20份、远志1-20份、蒲黄1-20份、川穹1-20份、杜仲1-20份、地龙1-20份、冷水七1-20份、铁箍散1-20份。
3.根据权利要求1至2所述的一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物,其特征在于:由以下重量份数的各组分组成:
黄芪1-10份、丹参1-10份、枸杞1-10份、甘草1-10份、决明子1-10份、益母草1-10份、金银花1-10份、葛根1-10份、瓜蒌1-10份、茯苓1-10份、五加皮1-10份、莪术1-10份、酸枣仁1-10份、桑寄生1-10份、龙骨1-10份、白术1-10份、熟附子1-10份、三棱1-10份、天麻1-10份、葶苈子1-10份、猪苓1-10份、桂枝1-10份、枳实1-10份、杜茎山1-10份、麦冬1-10份、山茱萸1-10份、车前子1-10份、石菖蒲1-10份、合欢皮1-10份、当归1-10份、三七1-10份、黄连1-10份、五味子1-10份、茵陈1-10份、赤芍1-10份、丹皮1-10份、鹿角1-10份、远志1-10份、蒲黄1-10份、川穹1-10份、杜仲1-10份、地龙1-10份、冷水七1-10份、铁箍散1-10份。
4.根据权利要求1至3所述的一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述中药制剂的剂型为:片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、蜜丸剂、散剂、丹剂、溶液剂、注射剂、栓剂、硬膏剂或糖浆剂。。
5.根据权利要求1至4所述的一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述胶囊制备的包括以下步骤:
a.将所述原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后过筛;
b.将过筛后的中药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次;
c.再取上述乙醇提取后的药渣,加水加热回流提取2次;
d.将上述两种提取液合并,减压回收乙醇并喷雾干燥,得药粉;药粉装入胶囊制为胶囊剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤的a中,将所述原料药放入粉碎机粉碎后过100目细筛,使能通过100目筛的细粉量在达到50%,收集通过100目筛的原料细粉备用。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤b中,将过筛后的中药放入乙醇中加热回流提取2次,每次1~3小时,将2次提取液合并静置;所述步骤c中,将上述乙醇提取过的药渣加10倍量水加热回流提取2次,每次1~3小时,将2次提取液合并静置。。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤d中将上述两种提取液合并,减压浓缩相对密度为70℃时1.08的滤液,回收乙醇,将所得滤液调整比重到1.06,通入喷雾干燥机进行喷雾干燥,过喷雾干燥机喷头的压缩空气压力为4kg/m2,干燥室热气流温度是60℃,得原料药粉;将原料药粉装入胶囊。
9.一种如权利要求1至4所述的治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为口服液剂,其制备步骤包括:
a、取原料药放入水中浸泡,热提取2次,成浸膏状,为组分1;
b、药渣乙醇提取1次,浓缩过滤为浸膏状,为组分2;
c、将上述两种浸膏浓缩成糊状,浓缩液用CO60灭菌,辐照剂量8k,加入糊精,然后真空冷冻密封即得。
10.一种如权利要求1至4所述的治疗慢性心衰的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述内服药物的剂型为丸剂,其制备步骤的包括:
a.将所述原料药混合,切碎,过120目筛,得细药粉备用;
b.将未过筛的粗粉浸泡乙醇中提取2次;
c.再取上述步骤提取后的药渣,加水加热回流提取2次;
d.将上述两种提取液合并,减压回收乙醇成浸膏,与a步骤得到细药粉合并加入蜂胶搓成丸剂。
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