CN105409710B - A kind of stereo plantation method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum - Google Patents

A kind of stereo plantation method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105409710B
CN105409710B CN201510933046.3A CN201510933046A CN105409710B CN 105409710 B CN105409710 B CN 105409710B CN 201510933046 A CN201510933046 A CN 201510933046A CN 105409710 B CN105409710 B CN 105409710B
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Prior art keywords
strawberry
grape
dendrobium candidum
layer frame
frame
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CN105409710A (en
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沈建生
孙萍
林贤锐
曹美菊
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Jinhua Zhi Ming Kang Biological Technology Co Ltd
Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jinhua Zhi Ming Kang Biological Technology Co Ltd
Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/02Cultivation of hops or vines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/04Supports for hops, vines, or trees
    • A01G17/06Trellis-work
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02Special apparatus therefor
    • A01G31/06Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The present invention is that have the characteristics that good complementarity using grape, strawberry and three plant growth habit of dendrobium candidum, provides a kind of stereo cultivating method for the grape strawberry dendrobium candidum that space availability ratio is high, planting effect is good.The stereo cultivating method of the grape strawberry dendrobium candidum includes the following steps:(1) planting unit is built:The planting unit includes stent group, column, bottom frame, middle layer frame and top layer frame, and stent group is separately fixed at ground with column, and bottom frame is fixed on the lower part of stent group, and middle layer frame is fixed on the top of stent group, and top layer frame is fixed on the top of column;(2) wine-growing:Select the plantation of Early-mid ripening grape variety in the ground, tendril grows along column and extends on top layer frame;(3) strawberry cultivating:Overhead strawberry cultivars is selected to be planted in the middle layer frame of the planting unit;(4) dendrobium candidum is planted:Dendrobium candidum is planted on the bottom frame of the planting unit, illumination management is carried out to dendrobium candidum;(5) daily management.

Description

A kind of stereo plantation method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum
Technical field
The present invention relates to various plants technical field of stereoscopic cultivation, particularly a kind of solid of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum Cultural method.
Background technology
The fruit such as grape, strawberry are large fruit that current China's development speed is very fast, planting benefit is higher, delicious juice It is more, like always by people.With concern of the people to health-preserving, iron sheet stone is with its high medicinal and health care valency It is worth by popularizing planting and application, cultivated area increases year by year.Independent growing and cultivation, input cost are carried out to single crop Pest and disease damage easily occurs for height, is also greatly reduced the utilization rate of soil and facility space.Grape, strawberry and dendrobium candidum these three Crop to illumination demand, there is complementarity in terms of growth and development time and space utilization, be suitable as three-dimensional collocation each other Plantation.
In addition with the fast development of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry, current China agricultural workforce is accelerating transfer, agricultural laborer Quantity sharp rises in continuous atrophy, personnel's wage, and agriculture production cost dramatically increases.Facilities horticulture industry because the amount of labour used is big, The features such as seasonal demand is uneven causes more difficult, the influence of means of production cost increase factor in addition of advertising for workers, under profit Drop is apparent.Particularly for most of medium-to-high grade facility plastic greenhouse, due to not forming matched high level, efficient plantation Pattern, input-output ratio is low, leads to that facility is vacant, phenomenon of even laying idle happens occasionally.What these situations had influenced industry can Sustainable development.Therefore, the study demonstration of high level, heavy duty detergent horticultural production pattern is into the task of top priority.
By the research and development of the diversification high-efficient solid cropping pattern to grape-overhead strawberry-dendrobium candidum, set so as to improve Agricultural Output and benefit are applied, promotes the competitiveness of facilities horticulture industry.
Invention content
It is good mutual the purpose of the present invention is grape, strawberry and three plant growth habit of dendrobium candidum is made full use of to have Benefit property feature provides a kind of stereo cultivating method for grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum that space availability ratio is high, planting effect is good.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is completed in the following way:A kind of solid of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum Cultural method, the stereo cultivating method of the grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum include the following steps:
(1) planting unit is built
The planting unit includes stent group, column, bottom frame, middle layer frame and top layer frame, and stent group is distinguished with column Ground is fixed on, bottom frame is fixed on the lower part of stent group, and middle layer frame is fixed on the top of stent group, and top layer frame is fixed on column Top;
(2) wine-growing
Early-mid ripening grape variety is selected, in the ground, tendril grows along column and extends on top layer frame, treats grape for plantation It is picked after maturation, and vine is mutually regulated and controled;
(3) strawberry cultivating
Annual 8, September, selects overhead strawberry cultivars to be planted in the middle layer frame of the planting unit, using substrate culture side Method carries out cultivation operation;
(4) dendrobium candidum is planted
Dendrobium candidum is planted on the bottom frame of the planting unit, illumination management is carried out to dendrobium candidum;
(5) daily management
The daily management includes pest and disease damage bionomic control, is rinsed using flow and is combined with high-concentrated ozone water sterilization Method carry out disinfection to the cultivation matrix of strawberry and dendrobium candidum;Plant fertility preferred biological agent early period, minerals prevention Disease pest;In grape, strawberry, dendrobium candidum collecting period high-concentration ozone water controlling disease;By in planting unit and periphery kind Plant is spent more in plant, creates good habitat, cultivates natural enemy disease and pest control.
In a kind of stereo cultivating method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum, the step (4) in illumination management It using the grapevine on top layer frame is dendrobium candidum shading, cooling to be included in summer;Enter after autumn to the grape on top layer frame into Row trimming thang-kng;Winter sunshine is insufficient, and light compensating lamp is equipped in the lower surface of the middle layer frame, opens in the case that sunshine is insufficient It opens, is dendrobium candidum light filling;Strawberry old leaf is cleared up after the second year beginning of spring in time, improves the illumination condition of dendrobium candidum under frame; To the end of spring and the beginning of summer, strawberry is excavated in time, and pinching control is carried out to grape.
In a kind of stereo cultivating method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum, the step (2) mutually adjust by middle vine After control includes the harvesting of summer grape fruit, appropriate fruit picking fertilizer is imposed, restores tree vigo(u)r, and sublateral shoot is controlled to grow;Strawberry is colonized 7 days or so afterwards, grape is trimmed, remove intersection branch, parallel branch is by two neighboring branch one is long and the other is short retraction, i.e., long shoot stays 5-6 buds, brachyplast stay 2-3 buds, so recycle;Before strawberry buddings, priming leaf is carried out to grape, long shoot every only stays 2 leaf of top, Brachyplast does not stay leaf;At the beginning of 11 bottoms to 12 months, the blade on all grape branches is extractd, to increase light transmittance.
In a kind of stereo cultivating method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum, the step (3) in middle layer frame on Equipped with cultivation bed, liquid manure supply and extraction raffinate recoverer, matrix is equipped in cultivation bed, strawberry cultivating is in the Medium Culture of cultivation bed, water Nutrient solution is equipped in fertilizer supply and extraction raffinate recoverer, is regulated and controled by nutrient solution, realizes the normal growth of strawberry.
In a kind of stereo cultivating method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum, the planting unit includes two Stent group, it is separated by a distance between two stent groups, daily management is facilitated to operate;The bottom of each stent group is equipped with two pieces of bottoms Layer frame, the top of stent group are equipped with layer frame in two pieces, are equipped between certain distance between layer frame between two pieces of bottom framves, in two pieces Every band, two root posts are fixed in intervallum, and top layer frame is fixed on the top of column.
In a kind of stereo cultivating method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum, the bottom frame and ground away from From for 15~20cm, the distance on middle layer frame and ground is 80~120cm, and the distance on top layer frame and ground is 170~200cm.
In a kind of stereo cultivating method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum, the step (5) in daily management Including:
1. cultivation matrix sterilizes:20 days before strawberry, dendrobium candidum field planting, the matrix of flood shower cultivation 3 times, then It is carried out disinfection with the Ozone Water of 8-10mg/L concentration, significantly reduces its average attack rate;
2. breeding time safe medication:Plant fertility early period preferred biological agent, minerals prevention pest and disease damage, grape, Strawberry, dendrobium candidum collecting period high-concentration ozone water controlling disease, the predominantly diseases such as gray mold, powdery mildew, anthracnose.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Utilize the different demands of grape, strawberry and dendrobium candidum three to illumination and life Long, the result period complementation, carries out solid cultivation, significantly improves the input-output ratio of facility, greatly improve land utilization ratio, saves About land used advantageously accounts for horticulture industry development and stablizes the contradiction between grain-production;Disease pest is controlled using bio-diversity Evil, produces green safe agricultural product, meets the needs of consumer pursues health;In terms of labor, four seasons recruitment is realized, it is balanced Recruitment is conducive to stablize people engaged in agriculture troop.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of planting unit in the present invention.
In fig. 1,1 stent group is represented;2 represent column;3 represent bottom frame;Layer frame in 4 expressions;5 represent top layer frame;6 Represent intervallum.
Specific embodiment
Below against attached drawing, by example, the invention will be further described.
Reference attached drawing 1, a kind of stereo cultivating method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum, the grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum Stereo cultivating method includes the following steps:
(1) planting unit is built
The planting unit includes two stent groups 1 and four columns 2, separated by a distance between two stent groups 1, Daily management is facilitated to operate;The bottom of each stent group 1 is equipped with two pieces of bottom framves 3, the distance on bottom frame 3 and ground for 15~ 20cm, the top of stent group 1 are equipped with layer frame 4 in two pieces, and the distance on middle layer frame 4 and ground is 80~120cm, two pieces of bottom framves 3 Between, the intervallum 6 of certain distance is equipped in two pieces between layer frame 4, be equipped with two root posts 2 in intervallum 6, column 2 is fixed on In ground, it is fixed on the top of column 2 in latticed top layer frame 5, the distance on top layer frame 5 and ground is 170~200cm.
(2) wine-growing
Early-mid ripening grape variety is selected, in the ground, tendril grows along column 2 and extends on top layer frame 5, treats Portugal for plantation It is picked after grape maturation, and vine is mutually regulated and controled;The vine mutually regulates and controls terminates including the harvesting of summer grape fruit Afterwards, appropriate fruit picking fertilizer is imposed, restores tree vigo(u)r, and sublateral shoot is controlled to grow;7 days or so after strawberry field planting, grape is trimmed, is dredged Except intersect branch, parallel branch by two neighboring branch one is long and the other is short retraction, i.e., long shoot stays 5-6 buds, brachyplast to stay 2-3 buds, so recycle; Before strawberry buddings, priming leaf is carried out to grape, long shoot every only stays 2 leaf of top, and brachyplast does not stay leaf;At the beginning of 11 bottoms to 12 months, pluck Except the blade on all grape branches, to increase light transmittance.
(3) strawberry cultivating
Annual 8, September, selects overhead strawberry cultivars to be planted in the middle layer frame 4 of the planting unit, using overhead strawberry Substrate culture method carries out cultivation operation;Middle layer frame 4 is equipped with cultivation bed, liquid manure supply and extraction raffinate recoverer, is set in cultivation bed There is matrix, strawberry cultivating passes through nutrient solution tune in being equipped with nutrient solution in the Medium Culture of cultivation bed, liquid manure supply and extraction raffinate recoverer The normal growth of strawberry is realized in control.In entire implant system, strawberry cultivating system is relatively independent, to grape, dendrobium candidum Interference is smaller.
(4) dendrobium candidum is planted
On the bottom frame 3 of the planting unit using hole tray planting type plant dendrobium candidum, and to dendrobium candidum into Row illumination management;It using the grapevine on top layer frame 5 is dendrobium candidum shading, drop that the illumination management, which is included in summer, Temperature;Enter illumination condition decrease after autumn, trimming thang-kng is carried out to the grape on top layer frame 5 in due course;Winter temperature further reduces, day According to deficiency, light compensating lamp is equipped in the lower surface of the middle layer frame 4, opens in the case that sunshine is insufficient, is mended for dendrobium candidum Light;Temperature gos up after the second year beginning of spring, illumination enhances, and strawberry old leaf is cleared up in Strawberry Leaves tachyauxesis in time, is improved under frame The illumination condition of dendrobium candidum;To the end of spring and the beginning of summer, strawberry commodity is greatly reduced, and excavates strawberry in time;At this point, grape branches and leaves Into prosperous long-term, branches and leaves can excessively influence the illumination of the dendrobium candidum on bottom frame 3, carry out pinching control to grape in time.
(5) daily management
1. cultivation matrix sterilizes:20 days before strawberry, dendrobium candidum field planting, the matrix of flood shower cultivation 3 times, then It is carried out disinfection with the Ozone Water of 8-10mg/L concentration, significantly reduces its average attack rate;
2. breeding time safe medication:Plant fertility early period preferably by the use of in jamaicin, Trichoderma, gyplure it is a kind of as Biological agent, mixed mineral oil prevention pest and disease damage use a concentration of 8-10mg/L's in grape, strawberry, dendrobium candidum collecting period The Major Diseases such as Ozone Water prevention gray mold, powdery mildew, anthracnose were generally used primary more moderate with 5 days or so;
Natural grass is planted under planting unit and introduces a fine variety the green manure such as clover and spends more plant, increases natural enemy monoid Type and quantity reduce pest population density, enhance Diversity of Arthropod Communities and stability, so as to reach nature pest controlling Purpose.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of stereo cultivating method of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum, it is characterised in that the grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum is stood Body cultural method includes the following steps:
(1) planting unit is built
The planting unit includes stent group, column, bottom frame, middle layer frame and top layer frame, and stent group is fixed respectively with column On ground, bottom frame is fixed on the lower part of stent group, and middle layer frame is fixed on the top of stent group, and top layer frame is fixed on the upper of column Portion;
(2) wine-growing
Early-mid ripening grape variety is selected, in the ground, tendril grows along column and extends on top layer frame, treats grape maturity for plantation After picked, and vine is mutually regulated and controled;
The step imposes appropriate fruit picking fertilizer, restores tree after (2) middle vine mutually regulates and controls and harvested including summer grape fruit Gesture, and sublateral shoot is controlled to grow;7 days or so after strawberry field planting, grape is trimmed, removes intersection branch, parallel branch presses adjacent two A branch one is long and the other is short retraction, i.e., long shoot stays 5-6 buds, brachyplast to stay 2-3 buds, so recycle;Before strawberry buddings, grape is carried out Priming leaf, long shoot every only stay 2 leaf of top, and brachyplast does not stay leaf;At the beginning of 11 bottoms to 12 months, the blade on all grape branches is extractd, with Increase light transmittance;
(3) strawberry cultivating
Annual 8, September, selects overhead strawberry cultivars to be planted in the middle layer frame of the planting unit, using substrate culture method into Row cultivation operation;
(4) dendrobium candidum is planted
Dendrobium candidum is planted on the bottom frame of the planting unit, illumination management is carried out to dendrobium candidum;
(5) daily management
The daily management includes pest and disease damage bionomic control, the side being combined using flow flushing with high-concentrated ozone water sterilization Method carries out disinfection to the cultivation matrix of strawberry and dendrobium candidum;Plant fertility early period utilizes biological agent, minerals prevention disease pest; In grape, strawberry, dendrobium candidum collecting period high-concentration ozone water controlling disease;Plant is spent more in planting unit and periphery plantation Object.
2. the stereo cultivating method of a kind of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step (3) in middle layer frame be equipped with cultivation bed, liquid manure supply and extraction raffinate recoverer, be equipped with matrix in cultivation bed, strawberry cultivating in The Medium Culture of cultivation bed, liquid manure supply and extraction raffinate recoverer are interior equipped with nutrient solution, are regulated and controled by nutrient solution, realize the normal of strawberry Growth.
3. the stereo cultivating method of a kind of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step (4) in illumination management to be included in summer using the grapevine on top layer frame be dendrobium candidum shading, cooling;Enter after autumn Trimming thang-kng is carried out to the grape on top layer frame;Winter sunshine is insufficient, and light compensating lamp is equipped in the lower surface of the middle layer frame, It is opened in the case of sunshine is insufficient, is dendrobium candidum light filling;Strawberry old leaf is cleared up after the second year beginning of spring in time, improves iron under frame The illumination condition of the skin stem of noble dendrobium;To the end of spring and the beginning of summer, strawberry is excavated in time, and pinching control is carried out to grape.
4. the stereo cultivating method of a kind of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Planting unit include two stent groups, it is separated by a distance between two stent groups;The bottom of each stent group is equipped with two pieces Bottom frame, the top of stent group are equipped with layer frame in two pieces, and certain distance is equipped between layer frame between two pieces of bottom framves, in two pieces Intervallum, two root posts are fixed in intervallum, and top layer frame is fixed on the top of column.
5. the stereo cultivating method of a kind of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described Bottom frame and ground distance for 15~20cm, the distance on middle layer frame and ground is 80~120cm, top layer frame and ground away from From for 170~200cm.
6. the stereo cultivating method of a kind of grape-strawberry-dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step (5) in daily management include:
1. cultivation matrix sterilizes:20 days before strawberry, dendrobium candidum field planting, then the matrix of flood shower cultivation 3 times uses 8- The Ozone Water of 10mg/L concentration carries out disinfection;
2. breeding time safe medication:Plant fertility early period using biological agent, minerals prevention pest and disease damage, grape, strawberry, Dendrobium candidum collecting period high-concentration ozone water controlling disease.
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