CN105409579A - Cultivation auxiliary material for agaricus bisporus and method for increasing production thereof - Google Patents
Cultivation auxiliary material for agaricus bisporus and method for increasing production thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105409579A CN105409579A CN201510745972.8A CN201510745972A CN105409579A CN 105409579 A CN105409579 A CN 105409579A CN 201510745972 A CN201510745972 A CN 201510745972A CN 105409579 A CN105409579 A CN 105409579A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/002—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from fish or from fish-wastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation auxiliary material for agaricus bisporus and a method for increasing production of the agaricus bisporus. Sterilized plant protein powder or animal protein powder is repeatedly added into the traditional hairy fungus materials and is uniformly dispersed, the plant protein powder comprises soybean flour, wheat flour and protein powder made of cereal and nuts, and the animal protein powder comprises fish meal, meat meal, bone and flesh meal, insect powder and keratin protein powder. The cultivation auxiliary material and the method have the advantages that the contents of protein in the hairy fungus materials can be increased by means of adding the auxiliary materials into the hairy fungus materials, and accordingly the yield of the agaricus bisporus can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological technical field, particularly relating to the method by adding different auxiliary material and realization volume increase in a bacterium material of agaricus bisporus.
Background technology
Agaricus bisporus is one of edible mushroom of extensively cultivation in the world, is one and neither strives resource with industry, also do not strive the strong industry of resource with agricultural, and with short production cycle, instant effect, high efficiency.And agaricus bisporus contains rich in protein, polysaccharide, vitamin, nucleotide and unsaturated fatty acid, not only nutritious, delicious flavour, and also heat energy is low, has very high health value, is day by day subject to liking of the people of various countries.
More specifically, agaricus bisporus belongs to Basidiomycotina, Agaricales, Agaricaceae, Agaricus.The White mushroom of current China cultivation is all white mutation, is mainly applicable to sell fresh goods, or is processed into can.The bacterial context fertilizer of agaricus bisporus is tender, and containing more mannose, trehalose and various amino acids material, so delicious flavour, nutritious, protein 36-40g, fatty 3.6g, carbohydrate 31.2g, phosphorus 718mg, iron 188.5mg, calcium 131mg, ash content 14.2mg, raw fiber 6g is contained according to surveying and determination in every dry mushroom of 100g, in addition containing vitamin B1, B2, Vc, niacin etc., because its nutrition is higher than general vegetables, so there is the title of " Vegetable meat ".
Agaricus bisporus also has certain medical value, certain immunization is had to viral disease, contained lentinan and M-band have certain active anticancer, can the generation of Tumor suppression, contained tyrosinase can dissolve certain cholesterol, to the certain effect that reduced blood pressure, contained trypsase, barley-sugar enzyme etc. all contribute to the digestion of food, and the traditional Chinese medical science thinks that the sweet property of agaricus bisporus taste puts down digestion of refreshing oneself, hypotensive effect.
At present, the per unit area yield of the agaricus bisporus plant produced of countries in Europe is 35kg/m
2left and right, the per unit area yield of China's agaricus bisporus traditional mode of production is then general lower, about 10kg/m
2, the per unit area yield of China's agaricus bisporus factorial praluction is 25kg/m
2left and right, compares with developed country, and the output of China's agaricus bisporus factorial praluction is on the low side, and this greatly constrains the development of China's agaricus bisporus industry.
The growth of agaricus bisporus fruit body and output depend on enough nutrients and optionally send out bacterium material.At present, in the agaricus bisporus factorial praluction of American-European countries, to add additive commonplace sending out in bacterium material, and become the important measures improving agaricus bisporus output.The correlative study that external agaricus bisporus sends out bacterium material mainly concentrates on the eighties in last century, and research direction is confined to the treatment process of additive and additive to the impact etc. of agaricus bisporus output, and the research adding auxiliary material aspect is in recent years less.1962, Schisler and Sinden Late Cambrian was sent out in bacterium material to agaricus bisporus and is added the output that nutrient can significantly improve agaricus bisporus.The kind of agaricus bisporus additive is a lot, but mainly can be divided into vegetalitas and the large class of animality auxiliary material two, and the impact of a certain additive on the output of agaricus bisporus depends primarily on the characteristic sending out bacterium material, particularly sends out the nitrogen content of bacterium material.And the correlative study of additive in bacterium material is sent out to agaricus bisporus by China and commercially produced product is blank, send out in bacterium material at agaricus bisporus and add different materials, for improving agaricus bisporus production efficiency and economic benefit and promoting that the development of agaricus bisporus industry has great importance, therefore, the bacterium material in the urgent need to studying agaricus bisporus improves the output of agaricus bisporus.
In addition, it is utilize three defective materials that agaricus bisporus external at present produces great majority, namely obtains sending out in bacterium material by three tunnel fermentations.Particularly, in straight dough methods, fermented as the mixing such as wheat straw, chicken manure adds in a tunnel by main material, then proceed in secondary tunnel by the composts or fertilisers of cultivating after one time fermentation by throwing machine, experience filler, the steps such as intensification, pasteurization, cooling cultivation of ventilating are cultivated.Then in tunnel, carry out three fermentations further namely concentrate and send out a bacterium, the windrow sending out bacterium good is directly made the bed soil fruiting.And when using auxiliary material, only need with sower auxiliary material to be added while material loading enters mushroom room to send out in bacterium material, after machinery mixing, then bed frame.And China overwhelming majority still adopts second incubation material, i.e. only experience twice tunnel fermentation, then the bacterium process of sending out of composts or fertilisers of cultivating completes in mushroom room, thus in a bacterium material, add auxiliary material face some difficulties, need to research and develop specific plant equipment could realize, but the research and development of specific plant equipment need to drop into a large amount of human and material resources.Therefore, be badly in need of solving the interpolation problem sending out auxiliary material in bacterium material.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is the cultivation auxiliary material and the method for increasing thereof that provide a kind of agaricus bisporus, the method of the biological yield of agaricus bisporus is improved, with the problem that the output solving current domestic agaricus bisporus factorial praluction is generally on the low side by the mode of adding auxiliary material in a bacterium material of agaricus bisporus.
Another object of the present invention is to cultivation auxiliary material and method for increasing thereof that a kind of agaricus bisporus is provided, there is provided add different auxiliary material send out the production that bacterium material comes for agaricus bisporus, improve the biological conversion efficiency of agaricus bisporus, increase the economic benefit that agaricus bisporus is produced.
Another object of the present invention is to cultivation auxiliary material and method for increasing thereof that a kind of agaricus bisporus is provided, by using the auxiliary material through aseptic process, not only can prevent agaricus bisporus bacteria infection, germ, and being conducive to the raising of its output.
Another object of the present invention is to cultivation auxiliary material and method for increasing thereof that a kind of agaricus bisporus is provided, add auxiliary material to carry out when after secondary tunnel fermentation ends, material loading enters mushroom room at composts or fertilisers of cultivating, also can be cultivate after the fermentation of secondary tunnel and in mushroom room to obtain sending out adding again to enter after bacterium material to send out a bacterium material, thus realize final volume increase object.
Another object of the present invention is to cultivation auxiliary material and method for increasing thereof that a kind of agaricus bisporus is provided, repeatedly progressively auxiliary material is added by adopting, auxiliary material is mixed fully with a bacterium material, avoid again local concentration too high and cause burning the problem of bacterium, thus efficiently solving in conventional method and add the more difficult problem of auxiliary material to sending out in bacterium material.
Another object of the present invention is to cultivation auxiliary material and method for increasing thereof that a kind of agaricus bisporus is provided, wherein the interpolation concentration of auxiliary material and adding method, make not need in whole auxiliary material adding procedure to design complicated plant equipment, thus save cost.
Another object of the present invention is to cultivation auxiliary material and method for increasing thereof that a kind of agaricus bisporus is provided, the auxiliary material that the present invention adds comprises plant protein powder or animal albumen powder, be natural high protein material, be able to the nutrition of supplementary material culture of agaricus bisporus in the first, second, third tide time period of agaricus bisporus, thus improve the economic benefit of agaricus bisporus production.
Another object of the present invention is to cultivation auxiliary material and method for increasing thereof that a kind of agaricus bisporus is provided, because namely the early stage starting to send out bacterium cultivation at a bacterium material adds described auxiliary material of the present invention, thus do not need in the first, second, third tide time period of agaricus bisporus or reduce extra process of topdressing, thus planting technique is simply more convenient.
Another object of the present invention is to the cultivation auxiliary material and the method for increasing thereof that provide a kind of agaricus bisporus, by the adding method of auxiliary material provided by the invention and auxiliary material, the biological efficiency of agaricus bisporus is significantly improved, the output of factorial praluction increases.
Another object of the present invention is to cultivation auxiliary material and method for increasing thereof that a kind of agaricus bisporus is provided, auxiliary material provided by the invention is cheap and easy to get, method of operating is simple, be applicable to factorial praluction to use, the basis that cost increase is less is effectively improved the output of agaricus bisporus, is realized larger income.
For achieving the above object and other objects of the present invention and advantage, the invention provides a kind of cultivation auxiliary material of agaricus bisporus, it is added in a bacterium material of the agaricus bisporus after the fermentation of secondary tunnel, and cultivate on the bedstead in mushroom room, thus improving the output of agaricus bisporus, wherein said auxiliary material comprises plant protein powder or animal albumen powder.
Wherein said plant protein powder comprises one or more in the albumen powder that analysis for soybean powder and other cereals, nut fruits make.
Described animal albumen powder comprises one or more in fish meal, digested tankage and animal tankage, worm powder and keratoprotein powder.
Described plant protein powder or described animal albumen powder, before adding in a described bacterium material, carry out sterilization treatment in advance.
Adopt and with the following method described plant protein powder or described animal albumen powder are processed: described plant protein powder or described animal albumen powder are loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, build with ventilating cover, adopt 90-121 DEG C of autoclaving 30-240min, after cooling immediately use or 4 DEG C save backup.
Described plant protein powder or described animal albumen powder several times as sent out the charge level of bacterium material as described in joining for three times, and fully mix, and make described animal albumen powder or plant protein powder be dispersed in described sending out in bacterium material.
Wherein send out the auxiliary material that bacterium material adds 0.8-1.5kg described in every square meter.
Correspondingly, the invention provides a kind of method for increasing of agaricus bisporus, said method comprising the steps of:
(A) carry out sterilization treatment to auxiliary material, wherein said auxiliary material comprises plant protein powder or animal albumen powder;
(B) progressively described auxiliary material is joined several times in a bacterium material of the agaricus bisporus after the fermentation of secondary tunnel;
(C) described auxiliary material is made to be dispersed in described sending out in bacterium material, and by smooth for charge level compacting, and cultivate on the bedstead in mushroom room;
(D) earthing, records the output of every damp mushroom in the fruiting phase.
Wherein in described step (A), described plant protein powder or described animal albumen powder loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, build, adopts 90-121 DEG C of autoclaving 30-240min with ventilating cover, after cooling, use immediately or 4 DEG C save backup.
Wherein in described step (B), described auxiliary material is joined several times and described sends out in bacterium material, as get at every turn 1/2nd amounts or 1/3rd amounts or 1/4th amounts or 1/5th amounts as described in auxiliary material be evenly sprinkling upon as described in a bacterium material charge level on.
Wherein in described step (C), use aseptic rake by loose for described bacterium claw, described auxiliary material is divided equally and is dispersed in a described bacterium material, after described auxiliary material has all added, by smooth for charge level compacting.
In the above-mentioned methods, preferably, wherein send out in bacterium material described in every square meter and add auxiliary material described in 0.5-3.0kg.Preferably, described plant protein powder comprises one or more in the albumen powder that analysis for soybean powder and other cereals, nut fruits make.Preferably, described animal albumen powder comprises one or more in fish meal, digested tankage and animal tankage, worm powder and keratoprotein powder.
Correspondingly, the invention provides a kind of method for increasing of agaricus bisporus, said method comprising the steps of:
A () carries out sterilization treatment to auxiliary material, wherein said auxiliary material comprises plant protein powder or animal albumen powder;
B auxiliary material is added in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating after the fermentation of secondary tunnel by (), be uniformly dispersed and broadcast bacterial classification simultaneously, being transported on the bedstead in mushroom room;
C () is carried out cultivation and is obtained sending out bacterium material on the described bedstead in described mushroom room;
D () earthing, records the output of every damp mushroom in the fruiting phase.
In step (b), preferably, agaricus bisporus bacterial classification accounts for the heavy 0.5-2.0% of total material, preferably agaricus bisporus bacterial classification account for total material heavy 0.7%.It is worth mentioning that, the addition of described auxiliary material makes every square meter in the described strain culture-material after planting on described bedstead contain auxiliary material described in 0.5-3.0kg.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a tunnel fermentation of cultivation of agaricus bisporus technique according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the secondary tunnel fermentation of cultivation of agaricus bisporus technique according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 A is the schematic diagram that bacterium process is sent out in the mushroom room of cultivation of agaricus bisporus technique according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 B illustrates tremble slightly loose with rake by sending out bacterium material and make auxiliary material be dispersed in the schematic diagram sent out in bacterium material in cultivation of agaricus bisporus technique according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the earthing process of cultivation of agaricus bisporus technique according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Schematic diagram when Fig. 5 is the fruiting of cultivation of agaricus bisporus technique according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is that the auxiliary material of cultivation of agaricus bisporus technique according to a preferred embodiment of the invention adds flow process and cultivates the schematic flow sheet of thalline.
Fig. 7 is that the another kind of auxiliary material of cultivation of agaricus bisporus technique according to a preferred embodiment of the invention adds flow process and cultivates the schematic flow sheet of thalline.
Embodiment
Below describe and realize the present invention for disclosing the present invention to enable those skilled in the art.Preferred embodiment in below describing only as an example, it may occur to persons skilled in the art that other apparent modification.The general principle of the present invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, deformation program, improvement project, equivalent and not deviate from the other technologies scheme of the spirit and scope of the present invention.
According to cultivation of agaricus bisporus process schematic representation of the present invention as shown in Figures 1 to 5.More specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in straight dough methods, main material mixing is added in a tunnel 10 and ferments, cultivation cycle about about 13 days.Described main material considers the permeability of nutrition and composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and wheat straw and chicken manure are first-selected major ingredients.Such as in one embodiment, the wheat stalk water content 18% ~ 20% of selection, nitrogen content 0.4% ~ 0.6%, yellow-white grass blade is good with elder, becomes without adhesion caking, look of drenching with rain, with then as well.Chicken manure water content about 30%, nitrogen content 3.0% ~ 3.5%, is of high nutritive value with chick excrement and broiler chicken excrement.Auxiliary material can select cake fertilizer, gypsum, lime, superphosphate etc.Cake fertilizer protein content is high, and gypsum directly can supplement the nutritive element such as sulphur, calcium of agaricus bisporus mycelia growth, can reduce the loss of nitrogen in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, accelerates organic decomposition, improves the keeping fertility of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, promotes the formation of fruit body.Lime, in alkalescence, is usually used in the acid-base value regulating composts or fertilisers of cultivating.Superphosphate: the deficiency can supplementing phosphorus, calcium, can promote various beneficial microorganism fermentation maturity, can also be combined by the excessive free ammonia in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, forms ammoniated superphosphate, prevents the thoroughly loose of composts or fertilisers of cultivating ammonium nitrogen.
As shown in Figure 2, after straight dough methods terminates, proceeded to by the composts or fertilisers of cultivating after one time fermentation in secondary tunnel 20, experience filler, the steps such as intensification, pasteurization, cooling cultivation of ventilating are cultivated.Particularly, need to be thrown into secondary fermentation tunnel 20 through the base-material of tunnel fermentation and carry out pasteurization and cultivate, in filler step, with throwing machine, the base-material of one time fermentation is thrown into loose consistent stockpile.After filler, closure of a tunnel hatch door carries out equal Hengsheng temperature, and the material temperature of different levels is reached unanimity, and after material layer temperature stable and consistent, material temperature is progressively raised to 58 DEG C.Then pasteurization is carried out.Finally lower the temperature again, cultivate.When composts or fertilisers of cultivating is dark-brown or brown, with beneficial microorganism color spots such as the canescence actinomycetes of about 35% in material, there is no ammonia taste or other pungent peculiar smell, and slightly bread fragrance, the soft high resilience of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, do not have adhesion phenomenon, when being easily pulled off, zymotechnique terminates aeration-cooling to less than 30 DEG C.
As shown in figs.3 a and 3b, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating obtained after secondary fermentation terminates, is cultured to maturation in mushroom room 30, approximately need cultivate 18 days, obtain sending out a bacterium material, in this step process of the present invention, by adding extra auxiliary material to sending out in bacterium material, thus realize the object of volume increase.This technique of the present invention, no longer carries out three fermentations by tunnel, but directly on mushroom room 30, cultivates a bacterium material.Particularly, obtain after described secondary fermentation terminates sending out on the bedstead 40 that arranges described mushroom room 30 in of bacterium material material loading, in a bacterium material of then every square meter, on average about add 0.8-1.5kg/m
2additive, adopt and repeatedly progressively add auxiliary material of the present invention, and fully to mix.Such as progressively can be added by three times, namely get the auxiliary material of 1/3 amount of total amount, be evenly sprinkling upon send out bacterium material charge level on after, will send out bacterium material tremble slightly loose with totally aseptic rake 50, auxiliary material is dispersed in a bacterium material.If send out bacterium material comparatively consolidation, then needing the consumption correspondingly reducing auxiliary material, to make auxiliary material can be uniformly dispersed, is principle without agglomerating phenomenon.After having added, by smooth for charge level compacting.In this step process of the present invention, use and repeatedly add auxiliary material, and utilize rake will send out bacterium material and auxiliary material dispersed, thus do not need three fermentations in similar prior art to utilize planting with sowing machine and machinery mixing, do not need again the complex mechanical equipment being used for mixing of additional designs, thus technique is simple.
In addition, terminate at secondary fermentation, broadcast when bacterial classification material loading enters mushroom room and also can add auxiliary material of the present invention, namely just add auxiliary material of the present invention also not cultivating to obtain sending out before bacterium material.Particularly, auxiliary material of the present invention is added in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating obtained after secondary fermentation terminates, after being uniformly dispersed, bacterial classification and auxiliary material are evenly spilt into composts or fertilisers of cultivating by sower, be transported to by feeder again on the described bedstead 40 in described mushroom room 30, then cultivate and within 18 days, obtain sending out bacterium material, directly carry out the earthing step of follow-up Fig. 4.Preferably, when material loading, agaricus bisporus bacterial classification accounts for the heavy 0.5-2.0% of total material, preferably agaricus bisporus bacterial classification account for total material heavy 0.7%.It is worth mentioning that, the addition of described auxiliary material makes every square meter in the described strain culture-material after planting on described bedstead 40 contain auxiliary material described in 0.5-3.0kg.
Be follow-up earthing step as shown in Figure 4, be understandable that, earthing is one of important measures of cultivating bisporous mushroom.Mushroom bed earthing has following effect: earthing can reduce the evaporation of charge level moisture, makes it to keep certain humidity, and supplies moisture needed for sporophore growth; The poor thermal conductivity of earthing, temperature has cushioning effect to external world; In overburden layer, oxygen reduces, and gas concentration lwevel is higher, can suppress mycelial growth, promotes mycelia kink, forms the microclimate environment of relatively stable, a favourable fruiting in overburden layer.After earthing, due to the certain micro-organisms in earthing, the metabolite of bacillus as unicellular in stink, can induce the formation of the former base of mushroom fruitbody; And some metabolite of mushroom mycelium, as ethene, acetone and so on volatile materials, not only can stimulate the generation of former base, the activity of microorganism in overburden layer can be excited again, be formed with the ecotope being beneficial to mushroom growth.The nutrition of overburden layer is poorer, and the mycelial growth entering overburden layer is suppressed, and adds the mechanical stimulus of earthing to mycelia, can promote that mushroom proceeds to reproductive growth by nourishing and growing.After fruiting, overburden layer also has the effect supporting sporophore growth.
Obtain the stage of agaricus bisporus 60 at fruiting, as shown in Figure 5, when mushroom as damp in three is below gathered, because composts or fertilisers of cultivating nutrient consumes in a large number, in the prior art, in order to improve agaricus bisporus yield and quality, and impel mycelial growth healthy and strong, general needs topdresses.The such as conventional urea that topdressed, glucose or composts or fertilisers of cultivating leachate etc.Can be such as 0.1% ~ 0.2% urea, can carry out in conjunction with water spray.Or can be 1% glucose, spray when mushroom flower bud soya bean size.The fertilizer that composts or fertilisers of cultivating leachate is carbon, nitrogen content enriches, to meet the needs of agaricus bisporus to various nutritive element.Such as generally dry preparation with residue composts or fertilisers of cultivating, be soaked in cylinder with 5 times of boiling water, vexed 3 ~ 5h, spray after filtering cooling.Also can add water with the mushroom pin sheared to boil to get after filtered juice cools and spray.
But, in the present invention, by adding natural high protein material equably in a bacterium material, supplement the problem of material culture of agaricus bisporus nutrient deficiency during agaricus bisporus damp secondary period particularly the two or three tide time, thus only should be noted that water management, ventilation, choose root and mend soil etc. operation, realizing agaricus bisporus volume increase object.And in the prior art, bacterium material surface can only be sprayed at by spraying fertilizer, and fertilizer can not be made dispersed in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of bacterium material, cause that to execute material effect of topdressing unsatisfactory.But in the present invention, before the earthing stage, natural high protein material has been dispersed in be sent out in bacterium material, and progressively absorbs for thalline, thus more effectively for thalline provides nutrition supply, thus realize the volume increase of agaricus bisporus.
Be understandable that, auxiliary material proportion in a bacterium material is less, and be the additive cultivation of whole bacterium material being played to important adjustment and balanced action, the present invention is referred to as auxiliary material.The present invention add auxiliary material comprise the natural high protein material such as plant protein powder and animal albumen powder, the plant protein powder of interpolation and the protein content of animal albumen powder all higher, can about 50% be reached.
More specifically, the present invention, by sending out traditional the output that the method for adding auxiliary material in bacterium material improves agaricus bisporus, reaches the object that agaricus bisporus is increased production.This is because the present invention is higher by the protein content adding natural high protein material in a bacterium material equably, be able to the nutrient of first, second, third damp time of supplementary material culture of agaricus bisporus at agaricus bisporus, solve the problem of the first, second, third tide time nutrient deficiency that traditional material culture of agaricus bisporus is cultivated at agaricus bisporus, realize the volume increase of agaricus bisporus, thus improve the economic benefit of agaricus bisporus production.
In addition, the Adding Way that agaricus bisporus sends out auxiliary material in bacterium material is extremely important, if auxiliary material is evenly unmixed with a bacterium material, is then very easy to cause serious problem.Such as, if auxiliary material adds uneven, some places are many, some places are few, and some places do not have auxiliary material, then there is the place of more auxiliary material local, material temperature is too high, causes burning bacterium problem, and does not have the agaricus bisporus at the position of auxiliary material cannot realize volume increase, even can the underproduction or bring other problem, such as miscellaneous bacteria, germ grow thickly, and therefore, the present invention progressively adds auxiliary material several times, and mix, effectively can solve auxiliary material in conventional method and add the problem of difficulty.
Embodiment 1, send out in bacterium material and add the impact of analysis for soybean powder on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency
Take the analysis for soybean powder after pulverizing, need could use after aseptic process in advance, to prevent agaricus bisporus bacteria infection.Concrete processing method is as follows: by analysis for soybean powder after cracker is pulverized, and loads in polypropylene plastics pocket, builds with ventilating cover, 90-121 DEG C of autoclaving 30-240min, after sterilizing completes, puts into cooling chamber cooling, use immediately after cooling, or 4 DEG C of Cord blood are for subsequent use.
Every square meter sends out the analysis for soybean powder that bacterium material adds 0.3-2.0kg, adopts 1/5th principles progressively to add, and divides to join for five times send out in bacterium material by analysis for soybean powder.The analysis for soybean powder of at every turn getting 1/5th amounts be evenly sprinkling upon send out bacterium good charge level on, bacterium claw will be sent out with totally aseptic rake or other aseptic instruments loose, and analysis for soybean powder will be dispersed in and send out in bacterium material, after analysis for soybean powder all added, by smooth for charge level compacting, carry out earthing.After earthing, record the output of every damp mushroom in the fruiting phase.
It is worth mentioning that, before interpolation analysis for soybean powder, check the loosening degree sending out bacterium material, if send out bacterium material comparatively consolidation, then every square meter sends out the consumption that bacterium material all needs correspondingly to reduce analysis for soybean powder, to make analysis for soybean powder can be uniformly dispersed, is principle without agglomerating phenomenon.
Before adding analysis for soybean powder, get 100g and send out bacterium material, after oven dry, the water content must set out in bacterium material, and then draw composts or fertilisers of cultivating dry weight, for calculating the biological conversion efficiency of agaricus bisporus, the computing formula of biological conversion efficiency is as follows:
Biological conversion efficiency (%)=mushroom fruitbody fresh weight/composts or fertilisers of cultivating dry weight × 100
Add after analysis for soybean powder, agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency the results are shown in following table:
The impact of analysis for soybean powder on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency is added in a table 1 bacterium material
Embodiment 2, send out in bacterium material and add the impact of fish meal on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency
Take the fish meal after pulverizing, need could use after aseptic process in advance, to prevent agaricus bisporus bacteria infection.Concrete processing method is as follows: by fish meal after cracker is pulverized, and loads in polypropylene plastics pocket, builds, 90-121 DEG C of autoclaving 30-240min with ventilating cover, after sterilizing completes, puts into cooling chamber cooling, use immediately, or 4 DEG C of Cord blood is for subsequent use after cooling.
Every square meter sends out the fish meal that bacterium material adds 0.3-2.0kg, adopts 1/3rd principles progressively to add, and divides to join for three times send out in bacterium material by fish meal.The fish meal at every turn getting 1/3rd amounts be evenly sprinkling upon send out bacterium good charge level on, bacterium claw will be sent out with totally aseptic rake or other aseptic instruments loose, and fish meal will be dispersed in and send out in bacterium material, after waiting fish meal all to add, by smooth for charge level compacting, carry out earthing.After earthing, record the output of every damp mushroom in the fruiting phase.
It is worth mentioning that, before interpolation fish meal, check the loosening degree sending out bacterium material, if send out bacterium material comparatively consolidation, then every square meter sends out the consumption that bacterium material all needs correspondingly to reduce fish meal, to make fish meal can be uniformly dispersed, is principle without agglomerating phenomenon.
Before adding fish meal, get 100g and send out bacterium material, after oven dry, the water content must set out in bacterium material, and then draw composts or fertilisers of cultivating dry weight, for calculating the biological conversion efficiency of agaricus bisporus, the computing formula of biological conversion efficiency is with embodiment 1.
Add after fish meal, agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency the results are shown in following table:
The impact of fish meal on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency is added in a table 2 bacterium material
Embodiment 3, send out in bacterium material and add the impact of digested tankage on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency
Take the digested tankage after pulverizing, need could use after aseptic process in advance, to prevent agaricus bisporus bacteria infection.Concrete processing method is as follows: by digested tankage after cracker is pulverized, and loads in polypropylene plastics pocket, builds, 90-121 DEG C of autoclaving 30-240min with ventilating cover, after sterilizing completes, puts into cooling chamber cooling, use immediately, or 4 DEG C of Cord blood is for subsequent use after cooling.
Every square meter sends out the digested tankage that bacterium material adds 0.3-2.0kg, adopts 1/3rd principles progressively to add, and divides to join for three times send out in bacterium material by digested tankage.The digested tankage at every turn getting 1/3rd amounts be evenly sprinkling upon send out bacterium good charge level on, bacterium claw will be sent out with totally aseptic rake or other aseptic instruments loose, and digested tankage will be dispersed in and send out in bacterium material, after waiting digested tankage all to add, by smooth for charge level compacting, carry out earthing.After earthing, record the output of every damp mushroom in the fruiting phase.
It is worth mentioning that, before interpolation digested tankage, check the loosening degree sending out bacterium material, if send out bacterium material comparatively consolidation, then every square meter sends out the consumption that bacterium material all needs correspondingly to reduce digested tankage, to make digested tankage can be uniformly dispersed, is principle without agglomerating phenomenon.
Before adding digested tankage, get 100g and send out bacterium material, after oven dry, the water content must set out in bacterium material, and then draw composts or fertilisers of cultivating dry weight, for calculating the biological conversion efficiency of agaricus bisporus, the computing formula of biological conversion efficiency is with embodiment 1.
Add after digested tankage, agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency the results are shown in following table:
The impact of digested tankage on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency is added in a table 3 bacterium material
Embodiment 4, send out in bacterium material and add the impact of analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency
Take the analysis for soybean powder after pulverizing and fish meal, need could use after aseptic process in advance, to prevent agaricus bisporus bacteria infection.Concrete processing method is as follows: by analysis for soybean powder and fish meal respectively after cracker is pulverized, mix according to the ratio of 3:2, load in polypropylene plastics pocket, build with ventilating cover, 90-121 DEG C of autoclaving 30-240min, after sterilizing completes, puts into cooling chamber cooling, use immediately after cooling, or 4 DEG C of Cord blood are for subsequent use.
Every square meter sends out the mixture that bacterium material adds the analysis for soybean powder/fish meal of 0.3-2.0kg, adopts 1/3rd principles progressively to add, and divides to join for three times send out in bacterium material by analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture.Analysis for soybean powder/fish meal the mixture at every turn getting 1/3rd amounts be evenly sprinkling upon send out bacterium good charge level on, bacterium claw will be sent out loose with totally aseptic rake or other aseptic instruments, analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture is dispersed in and sends out in bacterium material, after all having added etc. analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture, by smooth for charge level compacting, carry out earthing.After earthing, record the output of every damp mushroom in the fruiting phase.
It is worth mentioning that, before interpolation analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture, check the loosening degree sending out bacterium material, if send out bacterium material comparatively consolidation, then every square meter sends out the consumption that bacterium material all needs correspondingly to reduce analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture, to make analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture can be uniformly dispersed, be principle without agglomerating phenomenon.
It will be further appreciated that, the analysis for soybean powder in this enforcement and fish meal preferably adopt the ratio of 3:2 to mix, and other ratios also can be adopted according to actual needs to mix.
Before adding analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture, get 100g and send out bacterium material, after oven dry, the water content must set out in bacterium material, and then draw composts or fertilisers of cultivating dry weight, for calculating the biological conversion efficiency of agaricus bisporus, the computing formula of biological conversion efficiency is with embodiment 1.
Add after analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture, agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency the results are shown in following table:
The impact of analysis for soybean powder/fish meal mixture on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency is added in a table 4 bacterium material
Embodiment 5, send out in bacterium material and add the impact of analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency
Take the analysis for soybean powder after pulverizing, fish meal and digested tankage, need could use after aseptic process in advance, to prevent agaricus bisporus bacteria infection.Concrete processing method is as follows: by analysis for soybean powder, fish meal and digested tankage respectively after cracker is pulverized, mix according to the ratio of 1:1:1, load in polypropylene plastics pocket, build with ventilating cover, 121 DEG C of autoclaving 100min, after sterilizing completes, put into cooling chamber cooling, use immediately after cooling, or 4 DEG C of Cord blood are for subsequent use.
Every square meter sends out the mixture that bacterium material adds the analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage of 1kg, adopts 1/3rd principles progressively to add, and divides to join for three times send out in bacterium material by analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture.Analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage the mixture at every turn getting 1/3rd amounts be evenly sprinkling upon send out bacterium good charge level on, bacterium claw will be sent out loose with totally aseptic rake or other aseptic instruments, analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture is dispersed in and sends out in bacterium material, after all having added etc. analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture, by smooth for charge level compacting, carry out earthing.After earthing, record the output of every damp mushroom in the fruiting phase.
It is worth mentioning that, before interpolation analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture, check the loosening degree sending out bacterium material, if send out bacterium material comparatively consolidation, then every square meter sends out the consumption that bacterium material all needs correspondingly to reduce analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture, to make analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture can be uniformly dispersed, be principle without agglomerating phenomenon.
It will be further appreciated that, the analysis for soybean powder in this enforcement, fish meal and digested tankage preferably adopt the ratio of 1:1:1 to mix, and other ratios also can be adopted according to actual needs to mix.
Before adding analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture, get 100g and send out bacterium material, after oven dry, the water content must set out in bacterium material, and then draw composts or fertilisers of cultivating dry weight, for calculating the biological conversion efficiency of agaricus bisporus, the computing formula of biological conversion efficiency is with embodiment 1.
Add after analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture, agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency the results are shown in following table:
The impact of analysis for soybean powder/fish meal/digested tankage mixture on agaricus bisporus output and biological efficiency is added in a table 5 bacterium material
Described plant protein powder comprises one or more in the albumen powder that analysis for soybean powder and other cereals, nut fruits make, and described animal albumen powder comprises one or more in fish meal, digested tankage and animal tankage, worm powder and keratoprotein powder.
As can be seen from above each embodiment, after traditional sending out adds plant protein powder provided by the invention, animal albumen powder in bacterium material, effectively can supplement the nutrient that agaricus bisporus first, second, third tide is secondary.Adopt the adding method of auxiliary material provided by the invention and auxiliary material, with do not add compared with auxiliary material, after adding auxiliary material provided by the invention, the biological efficiency of agaricus bisporus significantly improves, the output of the factorial praluction of agaricus bisporus is improved, and achieves the object of agaricus bisporus volume increase, and solves the problem of auxiliary material interpolation difficulty in the traditional cultivation method of agaricus bisporus, be conducive to the economic benefit improving cultivation of agaricus bisporus, there is good practice and social benefit.In addition, auxiliary material provided by the invention is cheap and easy to get, makes the production of agaricus bisporus can on the basis that cost increase is less, and output is greatly improved, and is conducive to the factorial praluction of agaricus bisporus.
One skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments of the invention shown in foregoing description only limit the present invention as an example and not.Object of the present invention is complete and effectively realize.Function of the present invention and structural principle are shown in an embodiment and are illustrated, do not deviating under described principle, embodiments of the present invention can have any distortion or amendment.
Claims (24)
1. the cultivation auxiliary material of an agaricus bisporus, it is characterized in that, it is added into sending out in bacterium material of the agaricus bisporus after the fermentation of secondary tunnel, and cultivates on the bedstead in mushroom room, thus improving the output of agaricus bisporus, wherein said auxiliary material comprises plant protein powder or animal albumen powder.
2. auxiliary material according to claim 1, one or more in the albumen powder that wherein said plant protein powder comprises analysis for soybean powder, wheat flour and cereal, nut fruits is made.
3. auxiliary material according to claim 1, wherein said animal albumen powder comprises one or more in fish meal, digested tankage and animal tankage, worm powder and keratoprotein powder.
4. auxiliary material according to claim 2, wherein said animal albumen powder comprises one or more in fish meal, digested tankage and animal tankage, worm powder and keratoprotein powder.
5., according to the arbitrary described auxiliary material of Claims 1-4, wherein said plant protein powder or described animal albumen powder, before adding in a described bacterium material, carry out sterilization treatment in advance.
6. auxiliary material according to claim 5, wherein sterilizing methods is as follows: load in polypropylene plastics pocket by described plant protein powder or described animal albumen powder, build with ventilating cover, adopt 90-121 DEG C of autoclaving 30-240min, after cooling immediately use or 4 DEG C save backup.
7. according to the arbitrary described auxiliary material of Claims 1-4, wherein said plant protein powder or described animal albumen powder join the described charge level sending out bacterium material several times, and fully mix, and make described animal albumen powder or plant protein powder be dispersed in described sending out in bacterium material.
8. auxiliary material according to claim 6, wherein said plant protein powder or described animal albumen powder at twice, join the described charge level sending out bacterium material for three times, four times or five times, and fully mix, make described animal albumen powder or plant protein powder be dispersed in described sending out in bacterium material.
9. auxiliary material according to claim 7, wherein sends out the auxiliary material that bacterium material adds 0.3-2.0kg described in every square meter.
10. auxiliary material according to claim 8, wherein sends out the auxiliary material that bacterium material adds 0.3-2.0kg described in every square meter.
The method for increasing of 11. 1 kinds of agaricus bisporuses, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
(A) carry out sterilization treatment to auxiliary material, wherein said auxiliary material comprises plant protein powder or animal albumen powder;
(B) progressively described auxiliary material is joined the bacterium to the agaricus bisporus after the fermentation of secondary tunnel several times
In material;
(C) described auxiliary material is made to be dispersed in described sending out in bacterium material, and by smooth for charge level compacting, in mushroom room
Bedstead is cultivated; And
(D) earthing, records the output of every damp mushroom in the fruiting phase.
12. methods according to claim 11, wherein in described step (A), after shattering described auxiliary material, load in polypropylene plastics pocket, build with ventilating cover, 90-121 DEG C of autoclaving 30min-240min, after cooling immediately use or 4 DEG C save backup.
13. methods according to claim 11, wherein in described step (B), by described auxiliary material at twice, join described sending out in bacterium material for three times, four times or five times, described auxiliary material is evenly sprinkling upon on the described charge level sending out bacterium material at every turn.
14. methods according to claim 12, wherein in described step (B), by described auxiliary material at twice, join described sending out in bacterium material for three times, four times or five times, described auxiliary material is evenly sprinkling upon on the described charge level sending out bacterium material at every turn.
15. methods according to claim 11, wherein in described step (C), use aseptic rake by loose for described bacterium claw, described auxiliary material is divided equally and is dispersed in a described bacterium material, after described auxiliary material has all added, by smooth for charge level compacting.
16. methods according to claim 14, wherein in described step (C), use aseptic rake by loose for described bacterium claw, described auxiliary material is divided equally and is dispersed in a described bacterium material, after described auxiliary material has all added, by smooth for charge level compacting.
17. according to claim 11 to 16 arbitrary described methods, wherein send out in bacterium material described in every square meter and add auxiliary material described in 0.3-2.0kg.
18. methods according to claim 17, one or more in the albumen powder that wherein said plant protein powder comprises analysis for soybean powder, wheat flour and cereal, nut fruits is made.
19. methods according to claim 17, wherein said animal albumen powder comprises one or more in fish meal, digested tankage and animal tankage, worm powder and keratoprotein powder.
The method for increasing of 20. 1 kinds of agaricus bisporuses, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
A () carries out sterilization treatment to auxiliary material, wherein said auxiliary material comprises plant protein powder or animal albumen powder;
B auxiliary material joins and is uniformly dispersed and sows on the bedstead in mushroom room together to the strain culture-material of the agaricus bisporus after the fermentation of secondary tunnel by ();
C () is carried out cultivation and is obtained sending out bacterium material on the described bedstead in described mushroom room; And
D () earthing, records the output of every damp mushroom in the fruiting phase.
21. methods according to claim 20, wherein in step (b), preferably, agaricus bisporus bacterial classification accounts for the heavy 0.5-2.0% of total material, more preferably, agaricus bisporus bacterial classification account for total material heavy 0.7%.
22. methods according to claim 20 or 21, the addition of described auxiliary material to make in the described strain culture-material after planting on described bedstead every square meter containing auxiliary material described in 0.5-3.0kg.
23. methods according to claim 22, one or more in the albumen powder that wherein said plant protein powder comprises analysis for soybean powder, wheat flour and cereal, nut fruits is made.
24. methods according to claim 22, wherein said animal albumen powder comprises one or more in fish meal, digested tankage and animal tankage, worm powder and keratoprotein powder.
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