CN105361174A - 一种以药食用同源的中药加工的食品 - Google Patents
一种以药食用同源的中药加工的食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105361174A CN105361174A CN201510953074.1A CN201510953074A CN105361174A CN 105361174 A CN105361174 A CN 105361174A CN 201510953074 A CN201510953074 A CN 201510953074A CN 105361174 A CN105361174 A CN 105361174A
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- ginger
- food
- extract
- rosc
- zingiber
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Classifications
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Abstract
一种以药食同源的中药加工的食品，是以生姜、枸杞和黄精为主加工的速溶颗粒或压片糖果，包括活性组分和辅料，其特征在于：所述的活性组分质量份为生姜提取物50-70份、枸杞提取物110-130份，姜油包合物25-35份，黄精提取140-160份，所述的辅料包括填充剂、矫味剂或/润滑剂，辅料的加入量应控制生姜提取物的含量5-10wt％。本速溶颗粒和压片糖果其理化性能和生姜提取物的含量均符合GB/T29602-2013和SB/T10347-2008标准规定。食之既有滋阴、补阳、益气之保健功效，又有食品的口感和香味。长期食用，可助气益精，补填丹田，活血驻颜、延年益寿。且便于携带、食用方便。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种食品，具体地说是一种以药食同源的中药为原料加工的食品。
二、背景技术
生姜(ZingiberOfficialRosc.)属姜科(Zingiberaceae)姜属多年生草本宿根植物，根茎肥厚呈黄白色，是一种药食两用的植物。生姜在我国已有两千多年的栽培史，且种植区域广泛。较知名的生姜品种有白姜、台姜、姜黄及片姜等，其中尤以铜陵白姜为最。冬季采挖，除去茎叶及须根，洗净晒干或低温干燥后，即成干姜(ZingiberisRhizoma)。
20世纪以后，中国不仅是生姜的主产国之一，也渐成为生姜的主要出口国之一，平均年产生生姜超过15.2万吨，年出口产量约6.7万吨，占世界总出口量的40％。但生姜的贮藏较难，易腐烂变质，因此每到收获季节，生姜集中上市，由于种种原因，产区生姜损失很大，浪费惊人。因此，为生姜另谋新的出路，既有利于提高姜农的收入，又有利于产业的可持续发展。
干姜始载于《神农本草经》，味辛，性热，归脾、胃、肾、心、肺经，具有温中散寒、温经通络、湿化热浊、回阳通脉等功效。此外，在中医典籍《本草纲目》、《兰宝秘藏》、《药品化义》、《伤寒论》、《医学流源论》等对生姜的性、味、药理作用等都有详尽的记载，特别是中药临床用途十分广泛，如温中祛寒、降逆止呕、回阳救逆、温肺化软、补火温阳、热病佐使、止血生血、解毒消痈等。在这些临床中生姜或君、或臣、或佐、或使，具有广泛的配伍适应性。
生姜中营养物质丰富，富含100多种挥发性物质，以及游离氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素类和脂肪成分。此外还富含一些保健成分如姜精油、姜辣素等，以及人体必需的硫胺素、胡萝卜素、尼克酸、抗坏血酸和钙、铁、铜、锰等矿物质。
现代药理和临床研究表明，干姜具有抗氧化、抗炎抑菌、镇吐止呕改善心血管系统和抗肿瘤等多种药理作用，因为具有多种功能性作用，如除湿、去寒、发汗、增温等功效以及杀虫、防腐保鲜和预防溃疡等作用。
枸杞(Lyciumbarbarum)属于茄科枸杞属多年生落叶灌木的果实。我国枸杞主要分布在西北和华北的三个地区，一是甘肃的张掖一带，产品称“甘枸杞”；二是宁夏中卫、中宁等地，产品称“西枸杞”；三是天津地区，产品称“津枸杞”。以宁夏品质为最佳。
枸杞是我国一味传统常用中药。史载于《神农本草经》被列为上品，谓之：“久服坚筋骨，轻身不老，耐寒暑”。枸杞子味甘、性平、归肝、肾脏，具有滋补肝肾、益精明目、润肺止咳、延缓衰老等功效。现今，枸杞也成为国内外研究热点。在我国，第一批列为既是食品又是药品的枸杞已成为享誉海内外的滋补食疗珍品。广泛用于泡酒、泡茶、泡水、煲汤、煮粥等。
枸杞含糖类、多种氨基酸、维生素、铜、锰、镁、钙、钾、锌、铁、锗等多种微量元素以及生物碱、挥发油等成分。目前对枸杞化学成分研究最多的是枸杞多糖。现代临床研究表明枸杞具有降低血脂血糖、保肝、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等药理作用，其主要活性成分是枸杞多糖(lyciumbarbarumpolysacharides,LBP)。
《中国药典》规定药用的黄精(Rhizomapolygonati)为百合科植物黄精(polygonatumsibir-icumRed.)、多花黄精(PolygonatumcyrtonemaHua)和滇黄精(PolygonatumkingianumCollletHemsl)的干燥根茎。黄精始载于《名医别录》。别名为“仙人余粮”“老虎姜”等，体现其药食两用性。
黄精味甘、性平，归脾、肺、肾经。黄精的功效主要是补脾益气，滋肾润肺，主治脾胃虚弱、体倦乏力、口干食少、内热消渴、肺虚燥咳、肾虚头晕、腰膝酸软、须发早白等症。黄精的作用为主治肺燥干咳、体虚之力、久病津亏口干等病症。现代研究表明黄精在抗菌、解压抗疲劳、抗衰老和治疗心血管疾病、结核病、慢性肝炎等方面均有较好作用。
黄精的化学成分主要有多糖、甾体皂苷、蒽醌类等化合物、生物碱、强心苷、木质素、维生素和多种氨基酸等化合物。黄精多糖(polygonatumsibiricu,polysaccharides,PSP)是其主要活性成分，由于其具有多种药效作用，很多研究者近几年越来越关注此中药。
枣(ZizyphusjujubeMill.)为鼠李科(Rhamnaceae)枣属(ZizyphusMill.)植物的成熟果实，经晾、晒或烘烤干制而成，果皮红至紫红色，又称红枣。
红枣味甘性温、归脾胃经，有补中益气、养血安神、缓和药性的功能。现代研究，红枣含有丰富的多糖，其中还原糖含量占总糖的70％以上；在已知的氨基酸中含有人体不能合成的8种必须氨基酸及婴儿体内不能合成的氨基酸和组氨酸，还含有丰富的维生素、矿物质、挥发性物质、脂类化合物以及黄酮类、多酚、皂苷类等化合物。
红糖(brownsugar)也叫黄糖、黑糖，是甘蔗汁用石灰法清净处理后，直接煮成不经分蜜的棕红色或黄褐色的糖，包括红糖粉、红片糖等。红糖没有经过分蜜处理，还保留了甘蔗的天然营养成分，如其他糖类、蛋白质、多种矿物质、维生素、酚类物质等，符合天然健康的饮食观念。
中医认为红糖性温，有健脾暖胃、益气补血、活血化瘀的作用，还可以缓解经前综合症等。国内对红糖的健康效益方面的研究较少。国外学者研究发现，非分蜜糖有多种保健功效，可以促进生长、免疫刺激、抗毒性、抗氧化性、保护细胞、防龋齿、抗癌性等，对糖尿病和高血压也有一定的作用。
三、发明内容
本发明旨在为公众提供一种有益于人们身心健康的食品，所要解决的技术问题是遴选药食同源的中药通过科学的配伍加工出符合国家标准或行业标准规定的健康食品。
所述的食品是以生姜、枸杞加工的速溶颗粒或压片糖果，包括活性组分和辅料，其特征是活性组分的质量份为生姜提取物50-70份，枸杞提取物110-130份，姜油包合物25-35份，所述的辅料包括填充剂(稀释剂)、矫味剂或/和润滑剂，辅料的加入量应控制生姜提取物的含量为5-10wt％(质量份浓度，下同)。
所述的生姜提取物是生姜(鲜姜或干姜)用水煎煮或回流提取的水提取液经浓缩、干燥得到的粉末状固体物。
所述的枸杞提取物是枸杞用水煎煮或回流提取的水提取液经浓缩后与浓度25-30wt％的淀粉浆混合均匀，再喷雾干燥得到的粉末状复合固体物。
所述的姜油包合物是指生姜或其植株的根、茎用水蒸气蒸馏法提取、分离得到的挥发油(生姜精油，简称姜油)被管状或笼状化合物如环糊精、直链淀粉等包合得到的姜油包合物。姜油作为一种产品市场有售。
所述的填充剂选自既具有良好流动性起稀释作用又兼有粘合作用的填充剂，如糊精、可压缩淀粉或微晶纤维素等。
所述的矫味剂选自山梨糖醇、甜菊糖或糖粉等。
所述的润滑剂选自硬脂酸镁。
在上述组合物中还可加入黄精提取物140-160份。所述的黄精提取物是黄精用水煎煮或回流提取的水提取液经浓缩、干燥得到的粉末状固体物。
在上述组合物中还可加入红枣提取物40-60份或/和红糖40-60份。
所述的红枣提取物是红枣用水煎煮或回流提取的水提取液经浓缩、干燥得到的粉末状固体物。
速溶颗粒用公知的湿法高速搅拌制粒法或湿法挤压制粒法加工制备。此时不加润滑剂。速溶颗粒用水冲饮。
压片糖果用公知湿法制粒压片法加工制备。此时应加入润滑剂以方便脱模。压片糖果在口腔中咀嚼或吮吸食用。
本发明鉴于生姜在中溶临床上的广泛应用，并用现代提取技术，分别提取其水溶性的和挥发性的活性成分，配伍枸杞、黄精的水溶性活性成分，同时辅以红枣、红糖，所加工的速溶颗粒和压片糖果其理化性能和生姜提取物的含量均符合GB/T29602-2013和SB/T10347-2008标准规定。食之既有滋阴、补阳、益气之保健功效，又有食品的口感和香味。长期食用，可助气益精，补填丹田，活血驻颜、延年益寿。且便于携带、食用方便。
四、具体实施方式
非限定实施例叙述如下：
(一)活性成分的提取
1.生姜提取物
取生姜洗净、晾干。用中药粉碎机将生姜粉碎过80目筛。加10倍量的水煎煮1小时，趁热过200目筛网，得滤液；滤渣加8倍量的水煎煮1小时，趁热过200目筛网，合并两次滤液即得生姜提取液。
提取液70℃减压浓缩至相对密度1.06-1.10。得浓缩液。
浓缩液喷雾干燥，进风温度190℃，出口温度95-100℃，粉碎过80目筛即得生姜提取物。
2.姜油包合物
姜油购自江西恒诚天然香料油有限公司。
取10000ml水加入均质机中，在5000r/min条件下缓缓加入500gβ-环糊精，待全部加完后在10000r/min条件下均质5min，然后缓缓加入姜油150ml，继续均质30min，得姜油包含液，最后喷雾干燥，进风温度190-200℃，出风温度100-105℃，得到姜油包合物。
3.枸杞提取物
取宁夏枸杞洗净、晾干。粉碎、水提、浓缩同例1，得到相对密度1.07-1.11的浓缩液。
取枸杞重量50％的可溶性淀粉，加水配制浓度25wt％的淀粉浆，然后与枸杞浓缩液混合搅拌均匀，最后喷雾干燥，进风温度190℃，出风温度98-104℃，粉碎过80目筛，得枸杞提取物。
4.黄精提取物
取黄精洗净、晾干。粉碎、水提、浓缩和干燥同例1。浓缩液相对密度为1.15-1.18。
5.红枣提取物
取红枣去核洗净、晾干。粉碎、水提、浓缩和干燥同例1。浓缩液相对密度1.15-1.18。
(二).速溶颗粒的制备
为叙述方便，下称生姜提取物为A，枸杞提取物为B，姜油包合物为C，黄精提取物为D，红枣提取物为E。
6.取A60份，B120份，C30份，D150份，E50份，糊精150份，山梨糖醇30份，甜菊糖10份。
在混合机中将配比量的上述物料与润滑剂无水乙醇混合搅拌制得软材，然后用立式高速搅拌制粒机或旋转挤压造粒机制颗粒，70℃干燥，最后整粒机(附有2mm筛孔网)整粒即得速溶颗粒。
7.取A50份，B110份，C25份，D140份，E40份，红糖40份，糊精90份，甜菊糖5份。加工同例6。
8.取A70份，B130份，C35份，D160份，E60份，糊精200份，山梨糖醇35份，甜菊糖10份。加工同例6。
9.取A55份，B120份，C35份，D160份，E50份，红糖40份，糊精220份，山梨糖醇30份，甜菊糖5份。加工同例6。
所加工的速溶颗粒各项理化性能和生姜提取物的含量符合GB/T29602-2013标准规定。
(三).压片糖果的制备
活性组分及辅料的比例同例6、7、8，9，自辅料中予留1％的余量。
制软材、湿粒、干燥和整粒同例6。整粒后加入1％的硬脂酸镁，混合均匀后用单片压片机或多冲旋转式压片机压片，即得压片糖果。
所加工的压片糖果各项理化性能和生姜提取物的含量符合SB/T10347-2008标准规定。
Claims (7)
1.一种以药食同源的中药加工的食品，是以生姜、枸杞加工的速溶颗粒或压片糖果，包括活性组分和辅料，其特征在于：所述的活性组分质量份为生姜提取物50-70份、枸杞提取物110-130份，姜油包合物25-35份，所述的的辅料包括填充剂、矫味剂或/和润滑剂，辅料的加入量应控制生姜提取物的含量5-10wt％；所述的生姜提取物是生姜的水提取液经浓缩、干燥得到的固体物；所述的枸杞提取物是枸杞的水提液经浓缩后与浓度25-30wt％淀粉浆混合均匀再干燥得到的复合固体物；所述的姜油包合物是生姜精油与β-环糊精或直链淀粉构成的包合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的食品，其特征在于：所述的填充剂选自糊精、可压缩淀粉或微晶纤维素。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的食品，其特征在于：所述的矫味剂选自山梨糖醇、甜菊糖或糖粉。
4.根据权利要求3所述的食品，其特征在于：所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸镁。
5.根据权利要求1所述的食品，其特征在于：食品组合物中还含有140-160份黄精提取物，所述的黄精提取物是黄精水提取液经浓缩、干燥得到的固体物。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的食品，其特征在于：食品组合物中含40-60份红枣提取物，所述红枣提取红枣水提取液经浓缩、干燥得到的固体物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的食品，其特征在于：食品组合物含40-60份红糖。
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| CN105747073A (zh) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-07-13 | 南京汉钦食品有限公司 | 一种药食同源植物固体饮料及其制备方法 |
| CN106390067A (zh) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-15 | 黄山五溪源中药材科技有限公司 | 一种暖宫含片及其制备方法 |
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| CN112156167A (zh) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-01 | 安徽霍山县药王谷林农科技有限公司 | 一种霍山石斛复方补真保镇丹田颗粒制备工艺 |
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