CN105358579A - 包含自脱落基团的化合物 - Google Patents
包含自脱落基团的化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105358579A CN105358579A CN201580000364.2A CN201580000364A CN105358579A CN 105358579 A CN105358579 A CN 105358579A CN 201580000364 A CN201580000364 A CN 201580000364A CN 105358579 A CN105358579 A CN 105358579A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种包含自脱落基团的化合物,本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物可以包括对靶标具有底物特异性的蛋白(例如,寡肽、多肽、抗体等)和具有特定功能或活性的活性剂(例如,药物、毒素、配体、检测探针等)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含自脱落基团(self-immolativegroup)的化合物,且本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物可以包括对靶标具有底物特异性的蛋白(例如,寡肽、多肽、抗体等)和具有特定功能或活性的活性剂(例如,药物、毒素、配体、检测探针等)。
背景技术
抗体-药物偶联(ADC)技术是引起癌细胞凋亡同时在毒素与结合至抗原的抗体结合之后在细胞中释放毒性物质的新的靶向技术。因为ADC技术可使药物被精确地递送到靶癌细胞并仅在特定条件下释放,同时使对健康细胞的影响最小化,其可以比治疗抗体本身具有更优异的功效,并且相比现有抗癌药物,其显著降低了发生不良反应的风险。
以上所描述的抗体-药物偶联物的基本结构是由“抗体-连接体-低分子药物(毒素)”组成。这里,除了起到简单地连接抗体与药物的功能性作用外,连接体应允许药物显示出对靶癌细胞的药物作用,同时药物在循环时稳定地到达靶细胞且被引入到细胞中之后,通过抗体-药物解离现象容易地被分离(例如,酶水解导致的结果)。也就是说,由于抗体-药物偶联物的功效、全身性毒性等取决于连接体的稳定性,连接体在安全性方面起着重要作用(DiscoveryMedicine2010,10(53):329-39)。
发展到现在的抗体-药物偶联物的连接体大致分为不可裂解型和可裂解型。
作为不可裂解的连接体,主要使用硫醚,由于连接体在细胞中的分离导致药物不会解离,但药物以这样的形式解离,即其中药物包括连接体和衍生自抗体的单个氨基酸。在主要使用硫醇-马来酰亚胺接合方法的情况下,在pH为约6-7时反应容易进行,但逆反应也可以通过化学方式容易地进行,从而存在稳定性问题。
作为可裂解的连接体,主要使用通过化学方法分离的连接体或通过酶反应水解的连接体。作为具有化学分离机理的连接体,含二硫键的连接体是代表性的。此外,也使用腙或肟连接体。
使用利用硫醇交换反应解离药物的现象的二硫连接体,利用了这样的事实,即细胞中硫醇的浓度(特别是,谷胱甘肽)比血液中的高。然而,由于各种类型的硫醇(例如,白蛋白和谷胱甘肽)存在于血液中,药物可以在循环过程中分离。在腙连接体的情况下,已知腙连接体在血液中相对稳定,但在其中酸度高的细胞、核内体或溶酶体中不稳定,使得腙连接体迅速水解(BioconjugateChem2008,19,759-765;BioconjugateChem.,2010,21,5-13)。
为了解决上述问题,研发了通过酶反应在细胞中水解的连接体,并且肽连接体(例如,缬氨酸-瓜氨酸)和β-葡糖苷酸连接体属于其中。缬氨酸-瓜氨酸和β-葡糖苷酸不直接连接到药物,但结合至自脱落基团,使得通过酶反应水解后,药物通过如1,6-消除或环化机制而解离,从而表现出功效(ClinicalCancerRes.,2005,11,843-852)。
据报道,缬氨酸-瓜氨酸肽连接体被溶酶体蛋白酶如组织蛋白酶B选择性地分解,并且其相比于化学分解的腙连接体,增加了在血液中的稳定性,从而增强了抗癌效果(BioconjugateChem.,2008,19,1960-1963;J.Org.Chem.,2002,67,1866-1872)。然而,肽接头具有疏水性,使得存在诸如制备的抗体-药物偶联物聚集等这样的缺点。
不同于肽连接体,公认通过β-葡糖苷酸酶水解的β-葡糖苷酸连接体,具有高亲水性,使得在β-葡糖苷酸连接体结合至具有高疏水性药物时,可以增加抗体-药物偶联物的溶解性。已报道了使用β-葡糖苷酸连接体制备抗体-药物偶联物的抗体与各种药物结合的实例(例如,单甲基阿里他汀(monomethylauristatin)F,单甲基阿里他汀E,阿霉素丙基噁唑灵(doxorubicinpropyloxazoline)(DPO))(ConjugationChem.,2006,17,831-840;US2012/0107332)。根据该报道,使用葡苷酸连接体制备的抗体-药物偶联物在大鼠血浆中显著稳定,但其在小鼠血浆中的稳定性没有报道。
因此,本发明的目的是开发一种包含自脱落基团的有效连接体,其能够在血浆中更稳定,在循环中更稳定,以及使药物在癌细胞中容易地释放从而发挥出药物作用。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的是提供包含自脱落基团的化合物。
技术方案
在一个总的方面,包含自脱落基团的化合物用下述化学式I表示:
[化学式I]
G是葡糖苷酸基团或其衍生物;
A是(C1-C20)烃基、生物材料或改性生物材料;
B是(C1-C100)烃基;
W是吸电子基团;
Z是氢、(C1-C8)烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基;
n是1-3的整数,且当n是2或以上的整数时,各个Z彼此相同或不同;
L是通过共价键连接自脱落基团的A和W的连接体;以及
R1和R2各自独立地为氢、(C1-C8)烷基或(C3-C8)环烷基。
G可以是R3可以是氢或羧基保护基,且R4各自独立地为氢或羟基保护基。
W可以是-C(O)-、-C(O)NR’-、-C(O)O-、-SO2NR’-、-P(O)R”NR’-、-SONR’-或-PO2NR’-,且R’和R”各自独立地为氢、(C1-C8)烷基、(C3-C8)环烷基、(C1-C8)烷氧基、(C1-C8)烷硫基、单-或双-(C1-C8)烷基氨基、(C3-C20)杂芳基或(C6-C20)芳基。
连接体L可以是具有1-50个碳原子的亚烷基并满足下述(i)至(iv)中的至少一个:
(i)该亚烷基包括至少一个不饱和键,
(ii)该亚烷基包括至少一个杂亚芳基,
(iii)该亚烷基的碳原子被选自氮(N)、氧(O)和硫(S)中的一个或多个杂原子取代,以及
(iv)该亚烷基进一步被具有1-20个碳原子的一个或多个烷基取代。
连接体L可以包括由下述化学式A表示的至少一个异戊二烯基(isoprenyl)衍生单元,其被类异戊二烯转移酶识别。
化学式A
连接体L可以进一步包括通过1,3-偶极环加成反应、异狄尔斯反应、亲核取代反应、非羟醛型羰基反应、碳-碳多重键加成、氧化反应或链接反应(clickreaction)形成的结合单元。
结合单元可通过乙炔和叠氮化物之间的反应或者醛或酮基团和肼或羟胺之间的反应形成。
结合单元可以由以下化学式B、C、D或E表示:
化学式B
化学式C
化学式D
化学式E
L1是单键或具有1-30个碳原子的亚烷基;
R11是氢或具有1-10个碳原子的烷基;以及
L2是具有1-30个碳原子的亚烷基。
连接体L还可以包括由以下化学式F或G表示的连接单元:
化学式F
-(CH2)r(V(CH2)p)q-,
化学式G
-(CH2CH2X)w-,
V是单键、-O-、-S-、-NR21-、-C(O)NR22-、-NR23C(O)-、-NR24SO2-或-SO2NR25-;
X是-O-、(C1-C8)亚烷基或-NR21-;
R21至R25各自独立地为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基(C6-C20)芳基或(C1-C6)烷基(C3-C20)杂芳基;
r是1-10的整数;
p是0-10的整数;
q是1-10的整数;以及
w是1-10的整数。
当A是具有1-20个碳原子的烃基时,L可以是 V可以是单键、-O-、-S-、-NR21-、-C(O)NR22-、-NR23C(O)-、-NR24SO2-或-SO2NR25-,R21至R25可以各自独立地为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基(C6-C20)芳基或(C1-C6)烷基(C3-C20)杂芳基,r可以是1-10的整数,p可以是0-10的整数,q可以是1-10的整数,且L1可以是单键。
生物材料可以是蛋白质。
蛋白质可以是寡肽、多肽、抗体、抗原性多肽的片段,或重复体(repebody)。
蛋白质可具有能够被类异戊二烯转移酶识别的氨基酸基序。
蛋白质可进一步包括由蛋白质和氨基酸基序之间的氨基酸、寡肽或多肽组成的间隔单元。
蛋白质可通过氨基酸基序共价键合至连接体L。
氨基酸基序可共价键合到蛋白质C-端,或共价键合至与蛋白质C-末端共价键合的至少一个间隔单元。
蛋白质的C-端可以是抗体轻链或重链的C-端。
类异戊二烯转移酶可以是法尼基蛋白转移酶(FTase)或香叶烯基转移酶(GGTase)。
抗体可以选自完整多克隆抗体、完整单克隆抗体、抗体片段、单链Fv(scFv)突变体、多特异性抗体、双特异性抗体、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、人抗体、包括抗体的抗原决定部分的融合蛋白和包括抗原识别位点的其它修饰的免疫球蛋白分子。
抗体可以选自下组:莫罗单抗CD3、阿昔单抗、利妥昔单抗、达珠单抗、帕利珠单抗、英夫利昔单抗、曲妥珠单抗(称为“赫赛汀')、依那西普、巴利昔单抗、吉妥珠单抗、奥唑米星、阿仑单抗、替伊莫单抗、阿达木单抗、阿来塞普、奥马珠单抗、依法珠单抗、托西莫单抗-I131、西妥昔单抗、贝伐单抗、那他珠单抗、兰尼单抗、帕尼单抗、依库珠单抗、利那西普(rilonacept)、赛妥珠单抗(certolizumabpegol)、咯咪珀咯、AMG-531、CNTO-148、CNTO-1275、ABT-874、LEA-29Y、贝利单抗、TACI-Ig,第二代抗CD20、ACZ-885、托珠单抗、atlizumab、美泊利单抗、帕妥珠单抗、HuMaxCD20、tremelimumab(CP-675206)、ticilimumab、MDX-010、IDEC-114、inotuzumabozogamycin、HuMaxEGFR、阿柏西普、艾力亚(VEGFTrap-Eye)、HuMax-CD4、丙氨酸-丙氨酸、ChAglyCD3、TRX4、卡妥索单抗、IGN101、MT-201、pregovomab、CH-14.18、WX-G250、AMG-162、AAB-001、莫维珠单抗、MEDI-524、efumgumab、瑞西巴库、第三代抗CD20、LY2469298和维妥珠单抗(veltuzumab)。
蛋白质可以是单克隆抗体。
氨基酸基序可以是CYYX、XXCC、XCXC或CXX,其中C表示半胱氨酸,Y表示脂族氨基酸,以及X表示决定类异戊二烯转移酶的底物特异性的氨基酸。
B可以是活性剂。
该活性剂可以是药物、毒素、亲和配体、检测探针或其组合。
该活性剂可以是免疫调节性化合物、抗癌剂、抗病毒剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗寄生虫剂或其组合。
具有氨基酸基序的蛋白质可以选自A-HC-(G)zCVIM、A-HC-(G)zCVLL、A-LC-(G)zCVIM和A-LC-(G)zCVLL,其中A表示抗体,HC表示重链,LC表示轻链,G表示甘氨酸单元,且z是0-20的整数。
化合物可以选自具有以下结构的化合物:
这里,
Z是氢、(C1-C8)烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基;
X是-O-、(C1-C8)亚烷基或-NR21-;
R21是氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基(C6-C20)芳基或(C1-C6)烷基(C3-C20)杂芳基;
n是1-3的整数,且当n是2或以上的整数时,各个Z彼此相同或不同;
r是1-10的整数;
q是1-10的整数;
w是1-10的整数。
x是0-10的整数;
g是1-10的整数;
-S-mAb是A-HC-(G)zCVIM-、A-HC-(G)zCVLL-、A-LC-(G)zCVIM-或A-LC-(G)zCVLL-,其中A表示抗体,HC表示重链,LC表示轻链,G表示甘氨酸单元,且z是0-20的整数;
B是具有选自以下结构的药物:
y是1-10的整数。
有益效果
本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物可包括对靶标具有底物特异性的蛋白(例如,寡肽、多肽、抗体等)和具有特定的功能或活性的活性剂(例如,药物、毒素、配体、检测探针等)。自脱落基团相比现有的连接体可以在血液、血浆等中更稳定,同时特异性结合在引起疾病的细胞中超表达的蛋白,但也可以在靶癌细胞中分离,使得活性剂可以特异性地作用于引起疾病的细胞,从而使得可使用该化合物治疗疾病成为可能。
附图说明
图1示出从β-葡糖苷酸基连接体的活性药物释放机制。
图2示出通过测量实验例1中β-葡糖醛酸酶的水解速率而获得的结果。
图3示出通过测量实验例2中的血浆稳定性而获得的结果。
图4示出通过测量实施例5中制备的LCB14-0648的血浆稳定性而获得的结果。
图5示出通过测量实施例6中制备的LCB14-0663的血浆稳定性而获得的结果。
图6示出通过测量实施例7中制备的LCB14-0664的血浆稳定性而获得的结果。
图7是显示实施例9中反应的示意图。
图8示出通过测量实施例8中制备的ADC(LCB14-0109)的小鼠血浆稳定性而获得的结果。
图9示出通过多方面测量实施例9中制备的ADC(LCB14-0110)的血浆稳定性而获得的结果。
图10是示出通过观察实验例6中依赖于QW剂量(载体,赫赛汀(5mg/kg),以及ADC109(0.1、1.5mg/kg))的肿瘤体积而获得的结果的曲线图。
图11是示出通过观察实验例6中依赖于重复给药(载体,赫赛汀(5mg/kg),ADC109(5mg/kg),以及ADC110(5mg/kg))的药物效果而获得的结果的曲线图。
图12是示出通过观察实验例6中依赖于单剂量给药(载体,赫赛汀(5mg/kg),ADC109(5mg/kg),与ADC110(5mg/kg))的药物效果而获得的结果的曲线图。
图13示出通过评价实验例7中ADC110(实施例10)的体外血浆稳定性而获得的结果。
图14示出通过评价实验例7中ADC113(实施例11)的体外血浆稳定性而获得的结果。
图15示出通过评价实验例7中Kadcyla的体外血浆稳定性而获得的结果。
图16是示出通过观察实验例8中小鼠体内药代动力学特性(PKprofile)而获得的结果的曲线图。
图17是示出通过观察实验例8中大鼠体内ADC110(实施例10)的PK特性而获得的结果的曲线图。
图18是示出通过观察实验例8中大鼠体内ADC110(实施例10)的药物-抗体比例(DAR)而获得的结果的曲线图。
图19是示出通过观察实验例8中大鼠体内ADC110(实施例10)的自由有效载荷浓度而获得的结果的曲线图。
图20是示出通过观察实验例8中猴子体内ADC110(实施例10)的PK特性而获得的结果的曲线图。
图21是示出通过观察实验例8中猴子体内ADC110(实施例10)的药物-抗体比例(DAR)而获得的结果的曲线图。
图22是示出通过观察实验例8中猴子体内ADC110(实施例10)的自由有效载荷浓度而获得的结果的曲线图。
最佳实施方式
本发明涉及包含自脱落基团的化合物。详细而言,本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物可由下述化学式1表示,并包括对靶标具有底物特异性的蛋白质(例如,寡肽、多肽、抗体等)和具有特定功能或活性的活性剂(例如,药物、毒素、配体、检测探针等)。
化学式I
G是葡糖苷酸基团或其衍生物;
A是(C1-C20)烃基、生物材料或改性生物材料;
B是(C1-C100)烃基;
W是吸电子基团;
Z是氢、(C1-C8)烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基;
n是1-3的整数,且当n是2或以上的整数时,各个Z彼此相同或不同;
L是通过共价键连接自脱落基团的A和W的连接体;以及
R1和R2各自独立地为氢、(C1-C8)烷基或(C3-C8)环烷基。
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,自脱落基团可以结合至能够通过β-葡糖醛酸酶分离的葡糖苷酸,G是能够通过β-葡糖醛酸酶分离的葡糖苷酸基或其衍生物,可以由以下结构表示
(R3是氢或羧基保护基,R4各自独立为氢或羟基保护基。)
羧基保护基是能够用于有机合成的一般保护基,其可以优选为:甲基、甲氧基甲基、甲硫基甲基、四氢吡喃基、苄氧基甲基、苯甲酰甲基、N-苯二甲酰亚氨甲基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、2-卤代乙基、2-(对甲苯磺酰基)乙基、叔丁基、肉桂基、苄基、三苯甲基、双(邻-硝基苯基)甲基、9-蒽基甲基、2-(9,10-二氧代)蒽基甲基、胡椒基、三甲基甲硅烷、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷或S-叔丁基、2-烷基-1,3-恶唑啉基,但不限于此。另外,羟基保护基是能够用于有机合成的一般保护基,其可以优选为:乙酰基、甲基、乙氧基乙基、苯甲酰基、苄基、4-甲氧基苄基、3,4-二甲氧基苄基、四氢吡喃基(THP)、四氢呋喃(THF)、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷(TBDMS)、三甲基甲硅烷(TMS)、三乙基甲硅烷(TES)、三异丙基甲硅烷(TIP)、叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷(TBDPS)、三-异-丙基甲硅烷氧基甲基propylsilyloxymethyl(TOM)、β-甲氧基乙氧基甲基(MEM)、甲氧基甲基(MOM)、烯丙基或三苯甲基,但不限于此。
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,W是吸电子基团,可以优选为:-C(O)-、-C(O)NR'-、-C(O)O-、-SO2NR'-、P(O)R”NR'-、-SONR'-或-PO2NR'-,但并不限于此,且R'和R”可各自独立地为:氢、(C1-C8)烷基、(C3-C8)环烷基、(C1-C8)烷氧基、(C1-C8)烷硫基、单或二(C1-C8)烷基、(C3-C20)杂芳基或(C6-C20)芳基。
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,连接体L可以是具有1-50个碳原子的亚烷基,并满足下述(i)至(iv)中的至少一个、优选至少两个:
(i)该亚烷基包括至少一个不饱和键,
(ii)该亚烷基包括至少一个杂亚芳基,
(iii)该亚烷基的碳原子被选自氮(N)、氧(O)和硫(S)的一个或多个杂原子取代,以及
(iv)该亚烷基进一步被具有1-20个碳原子的一个或多个烷基取代。
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,连接体L可以包括由下述化学式A表示的由类异戊二烯转移酶识别的至少一个异戊二烯基衍生单元。
化学式A
连接体L可以进一步包括通过1,3-偶极环加成反应、异狄尔斯反应、亲核取代反应、非羟醛型羰基反应、碳-碳多重键加成、氧化反应或链接反应形成的结合单元。结合单元可通过乙炔和叠氮化物之间的反应或者醛或酮基团和肼或羟胺之间的反应形成,其可以由以下化学式B、C、D或E表示:
化学式B
化学式C
化学式D
化学式E
L1是单键或具有1-30个碳原子的亚烷基;
R11是氢或具有1-10个碳原子的烷基;以及
L2是具有1-30个碳原子的亚烷基。
链接化学反应在温和的条件下进行,从而使得可以容易地处理蛋白质。链接化学反应显示出显著高的反应特异性。因此,即使蛋白质具有其它官能团(例如,侧链残基,或在C-或N-端),这些官能团不会受到链接化学反应的影响。例如,虽然蛋白质的其它官能团不受链接化学反应的影响,但可能会出现蛋白质的叠氮基团和乙炔基之间的链接化学反应。此外,链接化学反应可能会特别出现,而无论参与的配体是何种类型。在一些情况下,可以选择配体以便提高整体反应效率。例如,叠氮化物-乙炔链接化学反应可能产生具有高收率的三唑(参考:RhiannonK.Hiaetal,2009年修订版,109,5620;MortenMeldal和ChristianWenzelTornoe,Chem,2008年修订版,108,2952;HartmuthC.Kolbetal,Angew.ChemieInt.Ed.Engl.,2001,40,2004,其全部通过引用并入本文)。
叠氮化物和乙炔基团是指不存在于天然蛋白质的氨基酸序列中的官能团。在使用这些官能团发生偶联反应的情况下,侧链残基和N末端或C端官能团均未受到链接化学反应的影响。
此外,连接体L可以进一步包括由下述化学式F或G表示的连接单元:化学式F
-(CH2)r(V(CH2)p)q-,
化学式G
-(CH2CH2X)w-,
V是单键、-O-、-S-、-NR21-、-C(O)NR22-、-NR23C(O)-、-NR24SO2-或-SO2NR25-;
X是-O-、(C1-C8)烯烃基或-NR21-;
R21至R25各自独立地为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基(C6-C20)芳基或(C1-C6)烷基(C3-C20)杂芳基;
r是1-10的整数;
p是0-10的整数;
q是1-10的整数;以及
w是1-10的整数。
更优选地,连接体L均可以包括由下述化学式A表示的至少一个异戊二烯基衍生单元,结合单元用化学式B、C、D或E表示,且连接单元用化学式F或G表示。
更优选对地,连接体L可以用以下结构表示:
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,当A是具有1-20个碳原子的烃基时,L可以是 V可以是单键、-O-、-S-、-NR21-、-C(O)NR22-、-NR23C(O)-、-NR24SO2-或-SO2NR25-,R21至R25各自独立地为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基(C6-C20)芳基或(C1-C6)烷基(C3-C20)杂芳基;r是1-10的整数;p是0-10的整数;q是1-10的整数;且L1可以是单键。
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,生物材料可以是蛋白质,其中蛋白质包括寡肽、多肽、抗体或抗原性多肽的片段以及重复体。
蛋白质具有能够被类异戊二烯转移酶识别的氨基酸基序。也就是说,蛋白质的C-端可结合至能够被类异戊二烯转移酶识别的氨基酸基序。此外,蛋白质可进一步包括由蛋白质和氨基酸基序之间的氨基酸、寡肽或多肽组成的间隔单元。蛋白质在蛋白质的羧基(C)端有缺失或在蛋白质的羧基(C)端有通过间隔单元的共价键的添加。蛋白质可以直接共价结合至氨基酸基序或共价结合至间隔单元,从而与氨基酸基序连接。氨基酸间隔单元是由1-20个氨基酸组成,其中,优选甘氨酸单元。
蛋白质具有能够被类异戊二烯转移酶识别的氨基酸基序。也就是说,该蛋白质的C-端(其片段、类似物或衍生物)可以结合至能够被类异戊二烯转移酶识别的氨基酸基序。此外,该蛋白还可以包括由蛋白质和氨基酸基序之间的氨基酸、寡肽或多肽组成的间隔单元。蛋白质在蛋白质的羧基(C)端有缺失或在蛋白质的羧基(C)端有通过间隔单元的共价键的添加。蛋白质可以直接共价结合至氨基酸基序或共价结合至间隔单元,从而与氨基酸基序连接。氨基酸间隔单元是由1-20个氨基酸组成,其中,优选甘氨酸单元。
类异戊二烯转移酶的实例可以包括法尼基蛋白转移酶(FTase)或香叶烯基转移酶(GGTase),分别涉及将法尼基或香叶基-香叶基残基转移至靶蛋白的C端半胱氨酸。GGTase可分为GGTaseI和GGTaseII。FTase和GGTaseI可以识别CAAX基序,并且GGTaseII可以识别XXCC、XCXC或CXX基序(这里,C表示半胱氨酸,A表示脂族氨基酸,而X表示决定类异戊二烯转移酶的底物特异性的氨基酸)(参见:NatureRev.Cancer2005,5(5),pp.405-12;NatureChemicalBiology,2010,17,pp.498-506;LaneKT,BeesLS,StructuralBiologyofProteinofFarnesyltransferaseandGeranylgeranyltransferaseTypeI,JournalofLipidResearch,47,pp.681-699(2006);PatrickJ.Kasey,MiguelC.Seabra;ProteinPrenyltransferases,TheJournalofBiologicalChemistry,Vol.271,No.10,IssueofMarch8,pp.5289-5292(1996),这些文献的全部内容通过引用并入)。
在本发明中,可以使用来自各种来源例如人类、动物、植物、细菌、病毒等的类异戊二烯转移酶。在一些实施方案中,可以使用天然存在的类异戊二烯转移酶。在一些其它实施方案中,可以使用天然或人工修饰的类异戊二烯转移酶。例如,有具有至少一个氨基酸序列自然变化(包括翻译后修饰)的异戊二烯转移酶,天然存在的异戊二烯转移酶的天然或人工截短形式,以及被以下中的至少一个修饰的类异戊二烯转移酶:(His)-标签、GST、GFP、MBP、CBP、Iospeptag、BCCP、Myc-标签、钙调蛋白标签、FLAG标签、HA标签、麦芽糖结合蛋白标签、Nus-标签、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶标签、绿色荧光蛋白标签、硫氧还蛋白-标签、S-标签、Softag1、Softag3、Strep-标签、SBP-标签、Ty-标签等。
类异戊二烯转移酶可识别类底物以及底物。类底物是指底物中有修饰的底物类似物。类异戊二烯转移酶使蛋白质的C-端的特定氨基酸基序(例如,CAAX基序)烷基化(参见:BenjaminP.Duckworthetal,ChemBioChem2007,8,98;UyenT.T.Nguyenetal,ChemBioChem2007,8,408;GuillermoR.Labadieetal,J.Org.Chem.2007,72(24),9291;JamesW.Wollacketal,ChemBioChem2009,10,2934,这些文献的内容通过引用并入本文)。可以使用类异戊二烯转移酶和类底物通过C-端半胱氨酸的烷基化来制备功能化的蛋白质。
例如,使用类异戊二烯转移酶,C-端CAAX基序的半胱氨酸残基可以与类底物(isosubstrate)反应。在某些情况下,随后可以用蛋白酶除去AAX。然后所获得的半胱氨酸可以通过酶在羧基端被甲基化(参见:IranM.Bell,J.Med.Chem.2004,47(8),1869,其通过引用并入本文)。
本发明的蛋白质可以使用本领域中熟知的任何分子生物学方法或细胞生物学方法来制备。例如,可以使用瞬时转染方法。使用标准PCR技术可以将编码能够被类异戊二烯转移酶识别的特定氨基酸基序的基因序列插入到已知的质粒载体,从而表达在C-端具有特定氨基酸基序的蛋白质(片段或其类似物)。如上所述,可表达具有能够被类异戊二烯转移酶识别的至少一个氨基酸基序的蛋白质。
本文所用的术语“蛋白质”应理解为通过共价键(例如,肽键)结合的两个或以上个独立选择的天然或非天然氨基酸。肽可以包括通过肽键结合的2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20或以上个天然或非天然氨基酸。本文所描述的多肽包括全长蛋白(例如,完全加工的蛋白质)以及较短的氨基酸序列(例如,天然蛋白质的片段或合成的多肽片段)。
本文所用术语“蛋白质”还包括抗体、抗原性多肽的片段或其类似物或衍生物。术语“抗体”是指通过免疫球蛋白分子可变区中的至少一个抗原识别位点识别并特异性结合靶标的免疫球蛋白分子,靶标例如蛋白质、多肽、肽、碳水化合物、多核苷酸、脂质或其组合。本文所用的术语“抗体”包括:完整的多克隆抗体,完整的单克隆抗体,抗体片段(例如,Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2、Fd和Fv片段),单链Fv(scFv)突变体,多特异性抗体例如由两个或更多个完整抗体产生的双特异性抗体,嵌合抗体,人源化抗体,人抗体,包括抗体的抗原决定部分的融合蛋白,以及包括抗原识别位点的任何其它经修饰的免疫球蛋白分子,只要该抗体表现出期望的生物活性即可。抗体可以是五类主要免疫球蛋白中的任何一类:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG和IgM,或其亚类(同种型)(例如,IgG1,IgG2,IgG3,IgG4,IgA1和IgA2),基于其重链恒定结构域的同一性,结构域分别被称为α、δ、ε、γ和μ。不同类的免疫球蛋白具有不同且众所周知的亚基结构和三维构型。
术语“抗体片段”是指完整抗体的一部分,并且是指完整抗体的抗原决定可变区。抗体片段的实例包括Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2、Fd和Fv片段、线性抗体、单链抗体以及由抗体片段形成的多特异性抗体。
术语“单克隆抗体”是指参与高度特异性识别和单抗原决定簇或表位的结合的同源抗体群。这与通常包括针对各种不同的抗原决定簇的不同抗体的多克隆抗体相反。术语“单克隆抗体”包括抗体片段(例如Fab、的Fab'、F(ab')2、Fd、Fv),单链(scFv)突变体,包括抗体部分的融合蛋白和包括抗原识别位点的任何其它修饰的免疫球蛋白分子,以及完整单克隆抗体和全长单克隆抗体,但不限于此。此外,“单克隆抗体”是指若干方法制备的这类抗体,包括但不限于杂交瘤、噬菌体筛选、重组表达和转基因动物。
术语“人源化抗体”是指非人类形式(例如,鼠)的抗体,为特定的免疫球蛋白链、嵌合免疫球蛋白或其包含最小非人类(例如,鼠)序列的片段。在一般情况下,人源化抗体是来自互补决定区(CDR)的残基被来自具有期望的特异性、亲和力和能力的非人物种(例如,小鼠、大鼠、兔和仓鼠)的CDR的残基替换的人免疫球蛋白(参考:Jonesetal.,1986,Nature,321:522-525;Riechmannetal.,1988,Nature,332:323-327;Verhoeyenetal.,1988,Science,239:1534-1536)。在一些情况下,人免疫球蛋白的Fv框架区(FR)残基被替换为来自具有期望的特异性、亲和力和/或结合能力的非人物种的抗体中对应的残基。人源化抗体可通过Fv框架区中和/或在替换的非人残基内的其它残基的替换而进一步修饰,以改进和优化抗体特异性、亲和力和/或结合能力。通常,人源化抗体基本上包括至少一个、通常两个或三个可变结构域的全部,所述结构域含有对应于非人免疫球蛋白的全部或基本上全部的CDR,而全部或基本上全部的框架区(FR)具有人免疫球蛋白共有序列的那些。人源化抗体也可以包括免疫球蛋白恒定区或结构域(Fc)的至少一部分,通常为人免疫球蛋白的。用于产生人源化抗体的方法的实例描述于美国专利号5,225,539中。
本文所用的术语“人抗体”是指人产生的抗体的或或具有与人使用本领域已知的任何技术产生的抗体相对应的氨基酸序列的抗体。人抗体的这种定义包括完整的抗体或全长抗体,其片段和/或包括至少一人重链和/或轻链多肽的抗体,例如,包括鼠轻链和人重链多肽的抗体。
术语“嵌合抗体”是指其中免疫球蛋白分子的氨基酸序列衍生自两种或更多物种的抗体。一般情况下,轻链和重链的可变区对应于来源于哺乳动物(例如,小鼠、大鼠、兔等)物种之一的具有期望的特异性、亲和力和能力的抗体可变区,而恒定区与来源于另一物种(通常是人类)的抗体序列同源,以避免在该物种中引发免疫应答。
术语“表位”和“抗原决定簇”在本文可互换使用,是指能够被特定抗体识别并特异性结合的抗原部分。当抗原是多肽时,表位可以由通过蛋白质的三级折叠而并置的非连续氨基酸和连续氨基酸形成。一旦蛋白质变性,通常会保留由连续氨基酸形成的表位,而一旦蛋白质变性,通常会丢失由三级折叠形成的表位。表位在独特的空间构型中通常包括三个或以上、五个或以上或8-10个或以上个氨基酸。
抗体“特异性结合”至表位或抗原分子,指的是相比包括不相关的蛋白质的可替代物质,抗体以更频繁、更迅速、更长持续时间、更大亲和力或上述的一些组合与表位或抗原分子反应或连接。在具体实施方案中,“特异性结合”是指例如抗体以约0.1mM或更小、但通常小于1μM的KD结合到蛋白质。在具体实施方案中,“特异性结合”是指抗体有时以至少约0.1μM或更小且有时以至少约0.01μM或更小的KD结合至蛋白质。因为不同的化学物质中同源蛋白之间的序列同一性,特异性结合可包括识别一种以上物种的特定蛋白的抗体。应理解地是,特异性结合第一靶标的抗体或结合残基可以或可以不特异性结合第二靶标。如上所述,“特异性结合”不必要求(虽然其可包括)专一结合,即结合单个靶标。通常,提到结合指特异性结合,但并非一定。
抗体,包括其片段/衍生物和单克隆抗体,可以使用本领域中已知的方法获得(参见:McCaffertyetal.,Nature348:552-554(1990);Clacksonetal.,Nature352:624-628;Marksetal.,J.Mol.Biol.222:581-597(1991);Marksetal.,Bio/Technology10:779-783(1992);Waterhouseetal.,Nucleic.AcidsRes.21:2265-2266(1993);Morimotoetal.,JournalofBiochemicalandBiophysicalMethods24:107-117(1992);Brennanetal.,Science229:81(1985);Carteretal.,Bio/Technology10:163-167(1992);Kohleretal.,Nature256:495(1975);U.S.Pat.No.4,816,567);Kilpatricketal.,Hybridoma16(4):381-389(1997);Wringetal.,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.19(5):695-707(1999);Bynumetal.,Hybridoma18(5):407-411(1999),Jakobovitsetal.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,90:2551(1993);Jakobovitsetal.,Nature,362:255-258(1993);Bruggemannetal.,YearinImmuno.7:33(1993);Barbasetal.,Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA91:3809-3813(1994);Schieretal.,Gene169:147-155(1995);Yeltonetal.,J.Immunol.155:1994-2004(1995);Jacksonet.al.,J.Immunol.154(7):3310-9(1995);Hawkinsetal.,J.Mol.Biol.226:889-896(1992),U.S.Pat.Nos.5514548,5545806,5569825,5591669,5545807;WO97/17852,所有这些文献的全部内容均通过引用并入本文)。
尽管不限制,但是抗体可以优选选自:莫罗单抗CD3、阿昔单抗、利妥昔单抗、达珠单抗、帕利珠单抗、英夫利昔单抗、曲妥珠单抗(称为“赫赛汀')、依那西普、巴利昔单抗、吉妥珠单抗、奥唑米星、阿仑单抗、替伊莫单抗、阿达木单抗、阿来塞普、奥马珠单抗、依法珠单抗、托西莫单抗-I131、西妥昔单抗、贝伐单抗、那他珠单抗、兰尼单抗、帕尼单抗、依库珠单抗、利那西普(rilonacept)、赛妥珠单抗、咯咪珀咯、AMG-531、CNTO-148、CNTO-1275、ABT-874、LEA-29Y、贝利单抗、TACI-Ig、第二代抗CD20、ACZ-885、托珠单抗、atlizumab、美泊利单抗、帕妥珠单抗、HuMaxCD20、tremelimumab(CP-675206)、ticilimumab、MDX-010、IDEC-114、inotuzumabozogamycin、HuMaxEGFR、阿柏西普、艾力亚(VEGFTrap-Eye)、HuMax-CD4、丙氨酸-丙氨酸(Ala-Ala)、ChAglyCD3、TRX4、卡妥索单抗、IGN101、MT-201、pregovomab、CH-14.18、WX-G250、AMG-162、AAB-001、莫维珠单抗、MEDI-524、efumgumab、瑞西巴库、第三代抗CD20、LY2469298和维妥珠单抗。
本文所用术语“蛋白质”也包括重复体,其是基于结构相似性经过融合具有富含亮氨酸重复(LRR)蛋白结构的内在(internaline)N-端和可变淋巴细胞受体(VLR)的融合,利用一致设计而优化的多肽。重复体可以包括通过使用包括在具有重复模块的LRR家族中的所有蛋白而获得的所有融合LRR家族蛋白,以通过上述方法改善蛋白质的水溶性表达和生物物理特性。
当蛋白是单克隆抗体,单克隆抗体的至少一条轻链,或单克隆抗体的至少一条重链或两者可以包括具有能够被类异戊二烯转移酶识别的氨基酸基序的氨基酸区域。
本领域技术人员可立即选择选择性地结合目的靶标的蛋白质(例如,个体的靶细胞)。虽然并不限于上述蛋白质,蛋白质包括特异性结合目的靶标的抗体或抗原片段。
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,氨基酸基序可以是CYYX、XXCC、XCXC或CXX(此处,C表示半胱氨酸,Y表示脂族氨基酸,X表示决定类异戊二烯转移酶的底物特异性的氨基酸),更优选氨基酸基序是CYYX。
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,更优选的是蛋白质是抗体或重复体。
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,B是活性剂,其可以通过一个或多个连接体共价键合至处于蛋白质的羧基端的氨基酸基序。
活性剂包括药物、毒素、亲和配体、检测探针或其组合。
药物可以选自:厄洛替尼(厄洛替尼;Genentech/OSIPharm.);硼替佐米(VELCADE;MilleniumPharm);氟维司群(FASLODEX;AstraZeneca);索坦(SU11248;Pfizer);来曲唑(FEMARA;Novartis);甲磺酸伊马替尼(GLEEVEC;Novartis);PTK787/ZK222584(Novartis);奥沙利铂(Eloxatin;Sanofi);5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);亚叶酸;雷帕霉素(Sirolimus,RAPAMUNE;Wyeth);拉帕替尼(TYKERB,GSK572016;GlaxoSmithKline);洛那法尼(SCH66336);索拉非尼(BAY43-9006;BayerLabs.);吉非替尼(IRESSA;Astrazeneca);AG1478,AG1571(SU5271;Sugen);烷基化剂(例如,塞替派或环磷酰胺);烷基磺酸酯(例如,白消安、英丙舒凡或嗪消安);氮丙啶(例如,benzodopa、卡波醌、meturedopa或uredopa);次乙亚胺,甲基三聚氰胺(methylmelamine),六甲蜜胺,三乙撑蜜胺,三乙烯磷酰胺,三亚乙基硫代磷酰铵,三羟甲基蜜胺;内酯(acetogenins)(例如,布拉他辛或布拉他辛酮);包括合成模拟拓扑替康的喜树碱;苔藓抑素;callystatin;CC-1065(包括其阿多来新、卡折来新或比折来新合成类似物;念珠藻素(cryptophycins)(例如,念珠藻素1或念珠藻素8);多拉司他汀;倍癌霉素(duocarmycin)(包括合成类似物,KW-2189和CB1-TM1);五加素(eleutherobin);panratistatin;sarcodictyin;软绵素(spongistatin);氮芥类(例如,苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、氯代磷酰胺、雌莫司汀、异环磷酰胺、氮芥、盐酸氮芥氧化物、美法仑、新恩比行(novembichin)、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、泼尼氮芥、曲洛磷胺或尿嘧啶氮芥);亚硝基脲类(例如,卡莫司汀、氯脲霉素、福莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫司汀或雷尼莫司汀(ranimnustine));抗生素(例如,烯二炔类抗生素,如选自刺孢霉素γ1I和刺孢霉素ωI1的刺孢霉素,或达内霉素(dynemicin)包括达内霉素A);二膦酸盐(例如,氯膦酸盐;埃斯培拉霉素(esperamicin),新抑癌菌素发色团,或相关色蛋白烯二炔抗生素发色团,aclacinomysins,放线菌素(actinomycin),安拉霉素,重氮丝氨酸,博莱霉素,放线菌素(cactinomycin),辣椒素(carabicin),carninomycin,嗜癌菌素,色霉素,更生霉素,柔红霉素,阿霉素(detorubucin),6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸,(亚德里亚霉素)(例如,吗啉代阿霉素,氰基吗啉代阿霉素,2-吡咯啉-阿霉素,脂质体阿霉素,或脱氧阿霉素),表阿霉素,依索比星,麻西罗霉素,丝裂霉素(例如,丝裂霉素C,霉酚酸,诺加霉素,橄榄霉素,培洛霉素,potfiromycin,嘌呤霉素,三铁阿霉素(quelamycin),罗多比星,链霉素,链佐星,杀结核菌素,乌苯美司,净司他汀(zinostatin)或佐柔比星(zorubicin));抗代谢物(例如,5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物(例如,二甲叶酸,甲氨蝶呤,蝶罗呤或三甲曲沙);嘌呤类似物(例如,氟达拉滨,6-巯基嘌呤,硫醚嘌呤或硫鸟嘌呤);嘧啶类似物(例如,安西他滨,阿扎胞苷,6-氮尿苷,卡莫氟,阿糖胞苷,二脱氧尿苷,去氧氟尿苷,依诺他滨或氟尿苷);雄激素(例如,卡普睾酮,屈他雄酮丙酸酯,环硫雄醇,美雄烷(mepitiostane)),或睾内酯);抗肾上腺(例如,氨鲁米特,米托坦或曲洛司坦);叶酸补充剂(例如,亚叶酸);醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基乙酰丙酸;恩尿嘧啶;安吖啶;bestrabucil;蒽双咪腙;edatraxate;defofamine;地美可辛;地吖醌(diaziquone);elfornithine;依利醋胺(elliptiniumacetate);埃博霉素;依托格鲁(etoglucid);硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;lonidainine;类美登素(例如,美登素或安丝菌素);单端孢霉烯毒素(特别是T-2毒素,verracurinA,杆孢菌素A或蛇形菌素(anguidine));米托胍腙;米托蒽醌;mopidanmol;nitraerine;喷司他丁;苯来米特(phenamet);吡柔比星;洛索蒽醌;2-乙基酰肼;甲基苄肼;多糖复合物;雷佐生;根霉素;西佐喃;锗螺胺;菌酮酸(tenuazonicacid);三亚胺醌;2,2’,2”-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯毒素(特别是,T-2毒素,verracurinA,杆孢菌素A和蛇形菌素(anguidine));氨基甲酸乙酯;长春地辛;达卡巴嗪;甘露醇氮芥;二溴甘露醇;二溴卫矛醇;哌泊溴烷;gacytosine;阿糖胞苷('Ara-C');环磷酰胺;塞替派;紫杉烷类(例如,紫杉醇(Bristol-MyersSquibbOncology,Princeton,N.J.),ABRAXANETM无氢化蓖麻油,白蛋白工程化纳米颗粒紫杉醇制剂(AmericanPharmaceuticalPartners(美国药品伙伴),Schaumber,I11),或多西他赛(Rhone-PoμLencRorer,Antony,法国);苯丁酸氮芥;吉西他滨;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯嘌呤;铂类似物(例如,顺铂或卡铂);长春花碱;铂;依托泊苷,异环磷酰胺;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨;米托蒽醌;替尼泊苷;依达曲沙;道诺霉素;氨基蝶呤;希罗达;伊班膦酸盐;CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂(RFS2000);二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DFMO);类视黄醇(例如,视黄酸);卡培他滨,以及药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物、酸或其衍生物,但不必限于此。
虽然没有特别限制,另外的药物包括:(i)抗激素剂,其作用是调节或抑制激素对肿瘤的作用,例如抗雌激素和选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM),包括:例如他莫昔芬(包括他莫昔芬),雷洛昔芬,屈洛昔芬,4-羟基他莫昔芬,曲沃西芬,雷洛昔芬,LY117018,奥那司酮和托瑞米芬;(ii)抑制芳香酶的芳香酶抑制剂,芳香酶调节肾上腺中雌激素的产生,例如4(5)-咪唑,氨鲁米特,醋酸甲地孕酮,依西美坦,来曲唑和阿那曲唑;(iii)抗雄激素,如氟他胺,尼鲁米特,比卡鲁胺,亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;以及曲沙他滨(1,3-二氧戊环核苷胞嘧啶类似物);(iv)芳香酶抑制剂;(v)蛋白激酶抑制剂;(vi)脂质激酶抑制剂;(vii)反义寡核苷酸,特别是抑制涉及粘连细胞的信号传导途径中的基因的表达的那些反义寡核苷酸,例如,PKC-α,Raf,H-Ras;(viii)核酶,例如VEGF抑制剂,如ANGIOZYME核酶和HER2表达抑制剂;(ix)疫苗,如基因治疗疫苗;疫苗,LEUVECTIN疫苗和VAXID疫苗;rlL-2;拓扑异构酶1抑制剂;rmRH;(x)抗血管生成剂,例如贝伐单抗(AVASTIN,Genentech);和(xi)药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物、酸或其衍生物。
此外,细胞因子可以用作药物。细胞因子是由许多细胞分泌的小细胞信号蛋白质分子,并且是细胞间通讯中广泛使用的一类信号分子。细胞因子包括:单核因子、淋巴因子、传统的多肽激素等。细胞因子的实例包括:生长激素(例如人生长激素,N-甲硫氨酰人生长激素或牛生长激素);甲状旁腺激素;甲状腺素;胰岛素;胰岛素原;松弛素;松弛素原;糖蛋白激素(例如,促卵泡激素(FSH),促甲状腺激素(TSH)或促黄体激素(LH));肝细胞生长因子;成纤维细胞生长因子;催乳素;胎盘生乳素;肿瘤坏死因子α;肿瘤坏死因子β;缪勒管抑制物质;小鼠促性腺激素相关肽;抑制素;激活素;血管内皮生长因子;整合素,血小板生成素(TPO);神经生长因子(例如,NGF-β);血小板生长因子;转化生长因子(TGF)(例如,TGF-α或TGF-β);胰岛素样生长因子-I,胰岛素样生长因子-II;促红细胞生成素(EPO);骨诱导因子;干扰素(例如,α干扰素,β干扰素,或γ干扰素);细胞集落刺激因子(CSF)(例如,巨噬细胞CSF(M-CSF),粒细胞-巨噬细胞CSF(GM-CSF),或粒细胞-CSF(G-CSF));白细胞介素(IL)(例如,IL-1,IL-1α,IL-2,IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-7,IL-8,IL-9,IL-10,IL-11,或IL-12);肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)(例如,TNF-α或TNF-β);和多肽因子(例如,LIF或kit配体(KL)),但不限于此。此外,术语“细胞因子”还包括来自天然来源或重组细胞培养物的细胞因子和天然序列细胞因子的生物活性等同物。
术语“毒素”指的是活细胞或生物体中产生的有毒物质。毒素可以是在接触与生物大分子如酶或细胞受体相互作用的身体组织或被其吸收时引起疾病的小分子、肽或蛋白质。此外,毒素包括植物毒素和动物毒素。动物毒素的实例包括白喉毒素、肉毒杆菌毒素、破伤风毒素、痢疾毒素、霍乱毒素、河豚毒素、双鞭甲藻毒素和雪卡毒素,但不限于此。植物毒素的实例包括蓖麻毒素和AM-毒素,但不限于此。
小分子毒素的实例包括:阿里他汀(auristatin),tubulysin,格尔德霉素(Kerretal.,1997,BioconjugateChem.8(6):781-784),美登素类(EP1391213,ACR2008,41,98-107),卡奇霉素(US2009105461,CancerRes.,1993,53,3336-3342),柔红霉素,阿霉素,氨甲喋呤,长春地辛,SG2285(CancerRes.,2010,70(17),6849-6858),多拉司他汀,多拉司他类似物的阿里他汀(US563548603),念珠藻素(cryptophycin),喜树碱,根霉素衍生物,CC-1065类似物或衍生物,倍癌霉素,烯二炔抗生素,埃斯培拉霉素,埃博霉素,吡咯啉苯并二氮杂草(PBD)衍生物,α-鹅膏蕈碱和类毒素,但不限于此。毒素可通过微管蛋白结合、DNA结合、拓扑异构酶抑制等表现出细胞毒性和细胞生长抑制活性。
术语“配体”是指能够与靶生物分子形成络合物的分子。配体的实例是结合到靶蛋白预定位置以发送信号的的分子。配体可以是基质、抑制剂、刺激剂、神经递质或放射性同位素。
“可检测部分”或“标记”指的是通过光谱学、光化学、生物化学、免疫化学、放射或化学手段可检测到的组成部分。例如,有用的标记包括32P、35S、荧光染料、高电子密度试剂、酶(例如,ELISA中常用的酶)、生物素-链霉亲和素、地高辛配基(dioxigenin)、半抗原和可利用抗血清或单克隆抗体的蛋白质或具有与靶标互补的序列的核酸分子。可检测部分经常产生可测量的信号,例如放射性的、发色的或荧光信号,其可被用于量化样品中结合的可检测部分的量。信号的量化例如通过闪烁计数、光密度测定、流式细胞术、ELISA或对完整的或随后被消化的肽(可评估一种或多种肽)的质谱法的直接分析实现。本领域技术人员熟悉标记目的化合物的技术和用于检测的手段。这些技术和方法在本领域中是常规技术且和是公知的。
本文所用的术语“探针”是指这样的物质,即其(i)可提供可检测信号,(ii)可与第一探针或第二探针相互作用来修饰由第一或第二探针所提供的可检测信号,例如荧光共振能量转移(FRET),(iii)可稳定与抗原或配体的相互作用,或可增加结合亲和力;(iv)可通过物理参数如电荷、疏水性等影响电泳迁移率或细胞侵入活性,或(v)可控制配体亲和力、抗原-抗体结合或离子络合物的形成。
活性剂包括免疫调节化合物、抗癌剂、抗病毒剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗寄生虫剂或其组合。
免疫调节化合物可以选自:氨基己酸、硫唑嘌呤、溴隐亭、氯喹、苯丁酸氮芥、环孢菌素、环孢霉素A、达那唑、去氢表雄酮(DHEA)、地塞米松、依那西普、羟化氯喹、氢化可的松、英利昔单抗、美洛昔康、甲氨蝶呤、环磷酰胺、麦考酚酸酯、泼尼松、西罗莫司、他克莫司。抗癌剂可以选自、甲氨蝶呤、紫杉酚、L-天冬酰胺酶、巯基嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、羟基脲、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、亚硝基脲、顺铂、卡铂、丝裂霉素、达卡巴嗪、丙卡巴肼、拓扑替康、氮芥类、癌得星、依托泊苷、5-氟尿嘧啶、双-氯乙基亚硝脲类(BCNU)、伊立替康、喜树碱、博来霉素、阿霉素、伊达比星、柔红霉素、更生霉素、普卡霉素、米托蒽醌、天冬酰胺酶、长春花碱、长春新碱、长春瑞滨、紫杉醇、多西紫杉醇、苯丁酸氮芥、美法仑、卡莫司汀、洛莫司、白消安、苏消安、达卡巴、依托泊苷、替尼泊苷、托泊替康、9-氨基喜树碱、克雷斯托、丝裂霉素C、三甲曲沙、霉酚酸、噻唑呋林、利巴韦林、5-乙炔基-1-β-D-呋喃核糖咪唑基-4-甲酰胺(EICAR)、羟基脲、去铁胺、氟尿苷、去氧氟尿苷、雷替曲塞、阿糖胞苷(araC)、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、氟达拉滨、他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、甲地孕酮、戈舍瑞林、醋酸亮丙瑞林、氟他胺、比卡鲁胺、EB1089、CB1093、KH1060、维替泊芬、酞菁、光敏剂Pe4、脱甲氧基竹红菌素A、α干扰素、γ干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子、吉西他滨、万珂、revamid、thalamid、洛伐他汀、1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子、星形孢菌素、放线菌素D、更生霉素、博来霉素A2、博来霉素B2、培洛霉素、表阿霉素、吡柔比星、佐柔比星、米托蒽醌、维拉帕米和毒胡萝卜素。抗病毒剂可以选自盘尼昔洛韦(pencicyclovir)、伐昔洛韦、格西昔洛韦(gancicyclovir)、膦甲酸、利巴韦林、碘苷、阿糖腺苷、三氟胸苷、阿昔洛韦、法西昔洛韦(famcicyclovir)、金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、西多福韦、反义寡核苷酸、免疫球蛋白和干扰素。抗菌剂可以选自氯霉素、万古霉素、甲硝唑、甲氧苄啶、磺胺甲恶唑、奎奴普丁、达福普汀、利福平、大观霉素和呋喃妥因。抗真菌剂可以选自两性霉素B、杀念菌素、菲律宾菌素、哈霉素、那他霉素、制霉菌素、龟裂霉素、联苯苄唑、布康唑、克霉唑、益康唑、芬替康唑、异康唑、酮康唑、卢立康唑、咪康唑、奥莫拉唑、奥昔康唑、丝他康唑、硫康唑、噻康唑、阿巴康唑、氟康唑、艾沙康唑、伊曲康唑、泊沙康唑、雷夫康唑、特康唑、伏立康唑、阿巴芬净、阿莫罗芬(amorolfin)、布替萘芬、萘替芬、特比萘芬、阿尼芬净、卡泊芬净、米卡芬净、苯甲酸、环吡酮、氟胞嘧啶、灰黄霉素、卤普罗近、托萘酯、十一碳烯酸、结晶紫、秘鲁香脂、环吡酮胺、吡罗克酮乙醇胺、巯氧吡啶锌和硫化硒。抗寄生虫剂可以选自甲苯咪唑、双羟萘酸噻嘧啶、噻菌灵、乙胺嗪、伊维菌素、氯硝柳胺、吡喹酮、阿苯达唑、利福平、两性霉素B、美拉胂醇、依氟鸟氨酸、甲硝唑、替硝唑和米替福新。
在本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物中,具有氨基酸基序的蛋白可以选自A-HC-(G)zCVIM、A-HC-(G)zCVLL、A-LC-(G)zCVIM和A-LC-(G)zCVLL,其中A表示抗体,HC表示重链,LC表示轻链,G表示甘氨酸单元,且z是0-20的整数。
本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物可以选自具有下述结构的化合物:
这里,
Z是氢、(C1-C8)烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基;
X是-O-、(C1-C8)亚烷基或-NR21-;
R21是氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基(C6-C20)芳基或(C1-C6)烷基(C3-C20)杂芳基;
n是1-3的整数,且当n是2或以上的整数时,各个Z彼此相同或不同;
r是1-10的整数;
q是1-10的整数;
w是1-10的整数。
x是0-10的整数;
g是1-10的整数;
-S-mAb是A-HC-(G)zCVIM-、A-HC-(G)zCVLL-、A-LC-(G)zCVIM-或A-LC-(G)zCVLL-,其中A表示抗体,HC表示重链,LC表示轻链,G表示甘氨酸单元,且z是0-20的整数;
B是具有选自下述结构的药物:
y是1-10的整数。
在本发明的包含化学式1的自脱落基团的化合物中,当A是蛋白质且B是活性剂时,使用本领域技术人员已知的制备组合物的方法,化合物可用于将活性剂转移到个体的靶细胞,以治疗该个体。
组合物可以作为液体溶液或悬浮液以可注射形式制备。也可以将适于注射的固体形式制备成乳液,或与包封在脂质体中多肽一起使用。包含自脱落基团的化合物可以与药学上可接受的载体组合,所述载体包括不诱导对接收该载体的个体不利的抗体产生的任何载体。适合的载体通常包括缓慢代谢的大分子,例如蛋白质、多糖、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚合氨基酸、氨基酸共聚物、脂质聚集物等。这些载体是本领域技术人员公知的。
组合物也可包含稀释剂,例如,水、盐水、甘油和乙醇。助剂例如润湿剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲物质等也可以存在于其中。蛋白质可被配制成中性或盐形式的疫苗。组合物可以通过注射胃肠外给药,其中这样的注射可以是皮下注射或肌内注射。额外的制剂适合于其它给药形式,如栓剂或口服给药。口服组合物可以作为溶液、悬浮液、片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂或缓释制剂给药。
组合物以与剂量和制剂相容的方式施用。组合物包含治疗有效量的含有自脱落基团的化合物。“治疗有效量”是指对疾病或病症的治疗或预防有效的单剂量或以多剂量方案给药的组合物。给药剂量可以根据待治疗个体、个体的健康状况和身体状况、期望的保护程度和其它相关因素而变化。活性成分的准确所需量取决于医生的判断。
例如,可将治疗有效量的包含自脱落基团的化合物或含有所述化合物的组合物施用至癌症或肿瘤患者以治疗癌症或肿瘤。
可将治疗有效量的包含自脱落基团的化合物或含有所述化合物的组合物施用至患者来治疗或预防病原体(例如,病毒、细菌、真菌或寄生虫等)感染。这些方法包括,在预防或治疗疾病或病症的条件下,将足以治疗疾病或病症或其症状的治疗量或预防量的包含自脱落基团的化合物施用至哺乳动物。
本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物或含有所述化合物的组合物可以药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的形式施用。在一些实施方案中,本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物或含有所述化合物的组合物可以与药学上可接受的载体、药学上可接受的赋形剂和/或药学上可接受的添加剂一起施用。药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物、赋形剂和添加剂的药学上的有效量和类型可以使用标准方法(参见:Remington’sPharmaceuticalSciences,MackPublishingCo.,Easton,PA,18thEdition,1990(雷明顿药物科学,Mack出版公司,Easton,PA,第18版,1990))来测定。
关于癌症或肿瘤的术语“治疗有效量”意指可降低癌细胞的数量;降低癌细胞的尺寸;禁止癌细胞侵入外围系统或降低侵入;禁止癌细胞扩散到其他系统或降低扩散;禁止癌细胞生长;和/或改善与癌症相关的至少一种症状的量。在癌症的治疗中,药物的效力可通过时间与肿瘤进展(TTP)和/或应答率(RR)来评估。
关于病原体感染的术语“治疗有效量”是指可预防、治疗或减少与感染相关的症状的量。
本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的盐”包括有机盐和无机盐。其实例包括:盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硝酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、酸性磷酸盐、异烟酸盐、乳酸盐、水杨酸盐、酸性柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、油酸盐、鞣酸盐、pantonate、酒石酸氢盐、抗坏血酸盐、琥珀酸盐、马来酸盐、龙胆酸盐、富马酸盐、葡糖酸盐、葡糖醛酸盐、蔗糖盐、甲酸盐、苯甲酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐、乙烷磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和双羟萘酸盐(即,1,1'-亚甲基(2-羟基-3-萘甲酸盐)),但不限于此。药学上可接受的盐可以包括另一种分子(例如,乙酸盐离子,琥珀酸盐离子和其它反荷离子等)。药学上可接受的盐还可以包括至少一个带电原子。药学上可接受的盐还可以包括至少一个反荷离子。
可用于本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物的药学上可接受的溶剂合物的示例性溶剂合物包括水、异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、乙酸乙酯、乙酸和乙醇胺,但不限于此。
下文中,将通过实施例对本发明的配置进行详细说明,但以下实施例仅帮助理解本发明。因此,本发明的范围不限于此。
实施例1化合物1k的制备
化合物A的制备
在室温、氮气氛下,将D-葡糖醛酸-6,3-内酯(19g,107.88mmol)溶解于甲醇(250mL)中,向其中缓慢加入NaOH(100mg)在甲醇(100mL)中的溶液并搅拌2小时,然后,将NaOH(200mL)在甲醇(15mL)中的溶液加入到该混合物中并搅拌3小时。反应完成后,减压除去混合物中的甲醇溶剂,在10℃或更低的温度下向其中加入吡啶(50mL)和乙酸酐(54mL)并在室温下搅拌4小时。反应完成后,将所得物减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物A(20g,50%)。
1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ5.77(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.31(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.24(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.14(m,1H),4.17(d,J=9Hz,1H),3.74(s,3H),2.12(s,3H),2.04(m,9H)
化合物B的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物A(5g,13.28mmol)溶解于在AcOH(20mL)中的33%的HBr中,然后在室温下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,向其中加入甲苯(50L),并将混合物减压浓缩。此后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)和NaHCO3溶液(100mL)以萃取有机层,将得到的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,随后减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物B(5.27g,100%)。
1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ6.64(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.61(t,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.24(t,J=3.6Hz,1H),4.85(m,1H),4.58(d,d,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.76(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.05(s,3H)
化合物1a的制备(US6414148,2002)
在0℃、氮气氛下将3-氨基-1-丙醇(3.0g,66.569mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(150mL)中,并向其中加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(16g,73.226mmol)。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。反应完成后,将溶剂减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1a(6.4g,92%)。
1HNMR(400Hz,CDCl3)δ4.78(s,1H),3.65(m,2H),3.30(m,2H),2.90(s,1H),1.68(m,2H),1.48(s,9H);EI-MSm/z:176(M+)
化合物1b的制备(WO2008/157726)
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物1a(6.04g,34.469mmol)和三乙胺(TEA,14.4mL,103.407mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃中,然后,用甲磺酸酐(7.21g,41.363mmol)缓慢处理。在室温、氮气氛下将所获得的混合物搅拌12小时。反应完成后,将溶剂减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1b(9.01g,98%)。
1HNMR(400Hz,CDCl3)δ4.73(s,1H),4.30(t,J=5.9MHz,2H),3.31-3.24(m,2H),3.04(s,3H),1.94(t,J=6.1MHz,2H),1.44(s,9H).EI-MSm/z:254(M+)
化合物1c的制备(WO2013/166319)
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物1b(3.0g,11.842mol)溶解在二甲基甲酰胺(40mL)中,然后用叠氮化钠(924mg,14.211mmol)处理,并将得到的混合物在60℃下搅拌12小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)、蒸馏水(50mL)和1N盐酸(5mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1c(2.3g,99%)。
1HNMR(600Hz,CDCl3)δ4.63(s,1H),3.36(t,J=6.6MHz,2H),3.24-3.18(m,2H),1.80-1.75(m,2H),1.45(s,9H).EI-MSm/z:201(M+)
化合物1d的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物1c(3.8g,18.977mmol)溶解在二氯甲烷(10mL)中之后,向其中缓慢加入二恶烷(10mL)中的4M盐酸。将得到的混合物搅拌12小时。反应完成后,将所得物减压浓缩,由此得到化合物1d(2.g,99%)。
1HNMR(600Hz,DMSO-d6)δ8.06(s,3H),3.47(t,J=6.6MHz,2H),2.82(t,J=7.2MHz,2H),1.84-1.79(m,2H).EI-MSm/z:101(M+)
化合物1e的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物1d(58mg,0.420mmol)和5-甲酰基水杨酸(100mg,0.601mmol)溶解在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,2mL)中后,将二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA,0.2mL,1.202mmol)和六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷(PyBop,375mg,0.721mmol)加入到该混合溶液中。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(30mL)和蒸馏水(10mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1e(82mg,79%)。
1HNMR(400Hz,CDCl3)δ13.39(s,1H),9.87(s,1H),8.29(s,1H),7.89(dd,J=1.6,7.2MHz.1H),7.60(s,1H),7.10(d,J=8.8MHz),3.63-3.57(m,2H),3.48(t,J=6.4MHz,2H),1.99-1.92(m,2H).EI-MSm/z:249(M+)
化合物1f的制备
在室温、氮气氛将化合物1e(78mg,0.314mmol)和化合物B(125mg,0.314mmol)溶解于乙腈(3mL)中后,向其中加入氧化银(291mg,1.256mmol)和分子筛(125mg)。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,将混合物用硅藻土过滤,且滤液在减压下浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1f(160mg,90%)。
1HNMR(400Hz,CDCl3)δ10.00(s,1H),8.66(d,J=2.4MHz,1H),8.02(dd,J=2.0,6.4MHz,1H),7.46(t,J=6.4MHz,1H),7.14(d,J=8.4MHz,1H),5.48-5.33(m,4H),4.28(d,J=8.8MHz,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.73-3.64(m,1H),3.50-3.42(m,3H),2.09-2.07(m,9H),2.00-1.92(m,2H).EI-MSm/z:565(M+)
化合物1g的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物1f(160mg,1.510mmol)溶解在2-丙醇(0.4mL)和氯仿(2mL)中后,向其中加入硅胶(2g)和硼氢化钠(27mg,0.708mmol)。在0℃下将得到的混合物搅拌2小时,将反应物用硅藻土过滤,且将滤液减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1g(115mg,71%)。
1HNMR(600Hz,CDCl3)δ8.06(d,J=2.4MHz,1H),7.50-7.44(m,2H),7.01(d,J=90MHz,1H),5.45-5.31(m,4H),4.38(s,2H),4.22(d,J=9.0MHz,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.67-3.61(m,1H),3.46-3.41(m,3H),2.07-2.04(m,9H),1.97-1.91(m,2H).EI-MSm/z:567(M+)
化合物1h的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物1g(100mg,0.177mmol)溶解在DMF(1mL)中后,向其中加入双(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(110mg,0.353mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA,50μL,0.265mmol)。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(30mL)和蒸馏水(10mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1h(75mg,58%)。
1HNMR(600Hz,CDCl3)δ8.29-8.27(m,2H),8.23(d,J=2.4MHz,1H),7.54(dd,J=2.4,6.6MHz,1H),7.49(t,J=6.4MHz,1H),7.39-7.37(m,2H),7.04(d,J=8.4MHz,1H),5.45-5.29(m,4H),5.28(s,2H),4.23(d,J=9.0MHz,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.68-3.64(m,1H),3.46-3.42(m,3H),2.08-2.05(m,9H),1.98-1.93(m,2H).EI-MSm/z:732(M+)
化合物1i的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物1h(50mg,0.068mmol)溶解在DMF(0.8mL)后,向其中加入MMAF-OME(51mg,0.068mmol),然后将所得物用无水1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT,2mg,0.013mmol)、吡啶(0.24mL)和DIPEA(12μL,0.068mmol)处理。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌18小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(20mL)和蒸馏水(10mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1i(71mg,78%)。
EI-MSm/z:1339(M+)
化合物1j的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物1i(30mg,0.022mmol)和苯基乙炔(3.7μL,0.033mmol)溶解在乙醇(0.2mL)和水(30μL)中后,向其中加入0.1M硫酸铜水溶液(30μL)和1.0M抗坏血酸钠水溶液(30μL),然后,将所得物用HOBT(2mg,0.013mmol)、吡啶(0.24mL)和DIPEA(12μL,0.068mmol)处理。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌5小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(20mL)和蒸馏水(5mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1j(26mg,81%)。
EI-MSm/z:1441(M+)
化合物1k的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物1j(20mg,0.013mmol)溶于甲醇(0.2mL),向其中加入水(0.2mL)中的LiOH·H2O(6mg,0.138mmol)。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。反应完成后,向其中加入氯仿(10mL)、甲醇(1mL)、蒸馏水(10mL)和0.5NHCl(1mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物1k(17mg,87%)。
EI-MSm/z:1286(M+)
实施例2和3.化合物2i和3i的制备
化合物2a的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将5-甲酰基水杨酸(2g,12.038mmol)溶解在DMF中,向其中加入2-(三甲基甲硅烷)乙醇(1.72mL,12.038mmol)和二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP,147mg,1.204mmol)以及二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,2.5g,12.038mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)和蒸馏水(100mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2a(1.6g,50%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ11.38(s,1H),9.77(s,1H),7.48(d,,J=8.4MHz,1H),6.61(dd,J=8.4,2.0MHz,1H),6.53(d,,J=2.0MHz,1H),5.36~5.25(m,4H),4.23(m,1H),3.73(s,1H),2.06(s,9H)
化合物2b的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物2a(60mg,0.225mmol)溶解于乙腈(2mL)中后,然后向其中加入化合物C(90mg,0.225mmol)、氧化银(209mg,0.900mmol)和分子筛(90mg)。将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)和蒸馏水(30mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2b(103mg,79%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.93(s,1H),8.22(d,J=2.0MHz,1H),7.97(dd,J=6.4,2.0MHz,1H),7.26(d,J=9.2MHz,1H),5.42-5.27(m,4H),4.42-4.30(m,2H),4.24(d,J=9.2MHz,1H),3.70(s,3H),2.06-2.04(m,9H),1.14-1.08(m,2H),0.07(s,9H)
化合物2c的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物2b(100mg,0.171mmol)溶解在2-丙醇(0.3mL)和氯仿(1.5mL)中后,向其中加入硅胶(720mg)和硼氢化钠(16mg,0.427mmol)。将混合物搅拌3小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)和蒸馏水(20mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2c(94mg,94%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.71(d,J=2.0MHz,1H),7.45(dd,J=6.4,2.0MHz,1H),7.17(d,J=8.4MHz,1H),5.40-5.30(m,3H),5.16-5.14(m,1H),4.67(s,2H),4.40-4.29(m,2H),4.18(d,J=8.8MHz,1H),3.74(s,3H),2.08-2.04(m,9H),1.14-1.09(m,2H),0.08(s,9H)
化合物2d的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物2c(90mg,0.154mmol)溶解在DMF(1.0mL)中后,向其中加入双(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(94mg,0.308mmol)和DIPEA(40μL,0.231mmol)。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)和蒸馏水(20mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2d(104mg,90%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.28(m,2H),7.80(d,J=2.4MHz,1H),7.53(dd,J=6.4,2.0MHz,1H),7.37(m,2H),7.20(d,J=8.8MHz,1H),5.41-5.33(m,3H),5.25(s,2H),5.20-5.18(m,1H),4.41-4.30(m,2H),4.20(d,J=8.8MHz,1H),3.74(s,3H),2.08-2.05(m,9H),1.18-1.06(m,2H),0.08(s,9H)
化合物2e的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物2d(1.5g,2.00mmol)溶解在DMF(8mL)后,向其中加入MMAF-OME(1.34mg,1.80mmol),然后将所得物用HOBT(54mg,0.4mmol)、吡啶(5.4mL)和DIPEA(0.383mL,2.2mmol)处理。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(200mL)和蒸馏水(300mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2e(1.7g,70%)。
EI-MSm/z:1357(M+)
化合物2f的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物2e(1.7g,1.253mmol)溶解于THF(15mL)中后,向其中加入四丁基氟化铵(1M在THF中)(2.5mL,2.506mmol),并在室温下搅拌4小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(200mL)和蒸馏水(300mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2f(1.34g,85%)。
EI-MSm/z:1257(M+)
化合物2k的制备
于室温、氮气氛下将化合物2j(10g,59.3mmol)溶解于DMF(90mL)后,向其中加入叠氮化钠(5.78g,88.9mmol),并将混合物在100℃搅拌13小时。反应完成后,向其中加入氯仿(200mL)和蒸馏水(300mL)以萃取有机层,并且所提取的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2k(10.3g,99%)。
1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ3.75-3.73(m,2H),3.70-3.68(m,6H),3.63-3.61(m,2H),3.40(t,J=5.4MHz,2H),2.20(t,J=6.0MHz,1H)
化合物2l的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将CBr4(21.4g,64.6mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(MC,100mL)后,向其中加入MC(100mL)中的三苯基膦(16.9g,64.6mmol)和化合物2k(10.3g,58.7mmol),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌13小时。反应完成后,向其中加入MC(300mL)和蒸馏水(300mL)以萃取有机层,并且所提取的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2l(12g,85%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.83(t,J=6.4MHz,2H),3.72-3.67(m,6H),3.48(t,J=6.0MHz,2H),3.40(t,J=4.8MHz,2H)
化合物2m的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物2l(1g,4.20mmol)溶解在乙腈中,向其中加入N-叔丁氧羰基-羟胺(643mg,4.82mmol)和DBU(0.659mL,4.41mmol),并将混合物在60℃下搅拌13小时。反应完成后,向其中加入MC(300mL)和蒸馏水(300mL)以萃取有机层,并且所提取的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2m(748mg,70%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.55(s,1H),4.05-4.03(m,2H),3.76-3.74(m,2H),3.74-3.69(m,6H),3.42(t,J=4.8MHz,2H),1.49(s,9H).EI-MSm/z:291(M+)
化合物2n的制备
将化合物2m(200mg,0.688mmol)溶于甲醇(5mL)后,向其中加入Pd/C(10%)(70mg)并在氢气氛下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,将混合物用硅藻土过滤并减压浓缩,由此得到化合物2n(180mg,98%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.04-4.01(m,2H),3.74-3.62(m,7H),3.55(t,J=5.2MHz,1H),2.88(t,J=5.2MHz,1H),2.81(t,J=5.2MHz,1H),1.64(s,2H),1.48(s,9H).EI-MSm/z:265(M+)
化合物2g的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物2f(1.34g,1.066mmol)和化合物2n(384mg,1.28mmol)溶解于DMF(10mL)中后,向其中加入DIPEA(464μL,2.665mmol)和PyBOP(832mg,1.599mmol)并在室温下搅拌4小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(200mL)和蒸馏水(300mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2g(1.2g,75%)。
EI-MSm/z:1503(M+)
化合物2h的制备
在-10℃、氮气氛下将化合物2g(530mg,0.352mmol)溶于甲醇(10mL)后,向其中缓慢加入水(8mL)中的LiOH(147mg,7.98mmol),并搅拌1小时。反应完成后,向其中加入氯仿(200mL)和蒸馏水(30mL,pH2)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物2h(260mg,45%)。
EI-MSm/z:1349(M+)
化合物2i的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物2h(260mg,0.192mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(4mL)和水(2mL)中后,向其中加入4MHCl(二恶烷中,4mL),并在0℃下搅拌1小时。反应完成后,将所得物减压浓缩,由此得到化合物2i(210mg,85%)。
EI-MSm/z:1249(M+)
化合物3k的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将2-溴乙醇(1.92mL,27.037mmol)溶于乙腈(15mL)中,向其中加入叔丁氧羰基-羟胺(3.0g,22.531mmol)和DBU(3.7mL,24.8mmol),并将该混合物在40℃搅拌24小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)和蒸馏水(100mL)以萃取有机层,并且所提取的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物3k(2.75g,69%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28(s,1H),3.93-3.91(m,2H),3.76-3.74(m,2H),1.50(s,9H).
化合物3l的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物3k(2.75g,15.697mmol)溶解在THF(30mL)中后,向其中加入TEA(3.3mL,23.518mmol)和Ms2O(3.28g,18.814mmol),并且将混合物在室温下搅拌4小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(200毫升)和蒸馏水(100毫升)以萃取有机层,并且所提取的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩,由此得到化合物3l(3.83g,96%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37(s,1H),4.48-4.46(m,2H),4.13-4.09(m,2H),3.11(s,3H),1.50(s,9H).
化合物3m的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物3l(3.83g,15.00mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中后,向其中加入NaN3(1.95g,30.00mmol),并且将混合物在60℃下搅拌13小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(300mL)和蒸馏水(300mL)以萃取有机层,并且所提取的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物3m(2.02g,67%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.22-7.20(m,1H),4.05-4.02(m,2H),3.51-3.48(m,2H),1.50(s,9H).
化合物3n的制备
将化合物3m(2.02g,9.98mmol)溶于甲醇(30mL)后,向其中加入Pd/C(10%)(1.0g)和在二恶烷(2.5mL)中的4MHCl,在氢气氛下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,将混合物用硅藻土过滤并减压浓缩,由此得到化合物3n(1.98g,93%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.26(s,1H),8.05(s,3H),3.91-3.88(m,2H),3.1-2.98(m,2H),1.44(s,9H).
化合物3g的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物2f(280mg,0.222mmol)和化合物3n(56mg,0.266mmol)溶解在DMF(5mL)后,向其中加入DIPEA(58μL,0.334mmol)和PyBOP(174mg,0.334mmol)并在室温下搅拌4小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)和蒸馏水(150mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物3g(221mg,69%)。
化合物3h的制备
在-10℃、氮气氛下将化合物3g(150mg,0.106mmol)溶于甲醇(2mL)中后,向其中缓慢加入在水(2mL)中的LiOH(40mg,0.954mmol)并搅拌1小时。反应完成后,向其中加入氯仿(150mL)和蒸馏水(30mL,pH2)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物3h(94mg,71%)。
EI-MSm/z:1261(M+)
化合物3i的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物3h(90mg,0.071mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(1mL)中后,向其中加入三氟乙酸(TFA,0.2mL)并在0℃下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,将所得物用制备型HPLC纯化,得到化合物3i(47mg,52%)。
EI-MSm/z:1161(M+)
实施例4.化合物4i的制备
3-溴-5-甲酰基水杨酸的制备(化合物4a)
在0℃、氮气氛下将5-甲酰基水杨酸(1g,6.019mmol)溶解在DMF中后,向其中加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(1.07g,6.109mmol)并将混合物在70℃下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(100mL),2NHCl水溶液(2mL)和蒸馏水(100mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物4a(1.2g,84%)。
1HNMR(400Hz,DMSO-d6)δ9.64(s,1H),8.19(d,J=2.4MHz,1H),8.00(d,J=2.0MHz,1H),3.16(s,1H)
通过类似于制备实施例2和3的化合物2i和3i的方法利用制备的3-溴-5-甲酰基水杨酸(化合物4a),制备化合物4i。
EI-MSm/z:1328(M+)
实施例5-7LCB14-0648、LCB14-0664和LCB14-0663的制备
化合物C是通过韩国专利公开号10-2014-0035393中公开的方法制备的。
LCB14-0648的制备(实施例5)
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物2i(20mg,0.014mmol)溶解在乙醇(0.7mL)中后,向其中加入化合物C(3.7mg,0.017mmol),并且将混合物在45℃下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,使用制备型HPLC(PrepHPLC)得到LCB14-0648(10.2mg,49%)。
EI-MSm/z:1441(M+)
通过类似于制备LCB14-0648(实施例5)的方法,制备LCB14-0663(实施例6)和LCB14-0664(实施例7)。
LCB14-0663的EI-MS:m/z:1520(M+)
LCB14-066的EI-MS4:m/z:1353(M+)
比较例1.化合物5k的制备
化合物5a的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将4-溴丁酸乙酯(5.0mL,34.604mmol)溶解在MeOH(75mL)中后,向其中加入在水(25mL)中的叠氮化钠(4.5g,69.209mmol),并在85℃下搅拌8小时。反应完成后,将溶剂减压浓缩,向其中加入氯仿(300mL)和蒸馏水(200mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物5a(5.1g,94%)。
1HNMR(600Hz,CDCl3)δ4.15(q,J=7.2MHz,2H),3.36(t,J=7.2MHz,2H),2.41(t,J=7.2MHz,2H),1.94-1.89(m,2H),1.28(t,J=8.4MHz,3H).
化合物5b的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物5a(2.0g,12.725mmol)溶解于MeOH(32mL)中后,向其中缓慢加入在水(26mL)中的KOH(3.56g,63.625mmol),并在室温下搅拌6小时。反应完成后,将溶剂减压浓缩,向其中加入氯仿(300mL)、1NHCl(100mL)和蒸馏水(100mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物5b(1.28g,78%)。
1HNMR(600Hz,CDCl3)δ3.38(t,J=7.2MHz,2H),2.48(t,J=7.2MHz,2H),1.95-1.90(m,2H).
化合物5c的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物5b(850mg,6.580mmol)溶解在MeOH(10mL)中后,向其中加入草酰氯(1.1mL,13.160mmol)和DMF(1滴),并在室温下搅拌6小时。反应完成后,将溶剂减压浓缩,从而获得化合物5c(965mg,Qu)的粗产物并且用于下一步反应,无需纯化。
化合物5d的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将4-羟基-3-硝基苯甲酸(5g,27.304mmol)溶于THF(120mL)中,向其中加入1MBH3-THF复合物(54.6mL,54.6mmol),并在室温下搅拌20小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(200mL),0.5NHCl(20mL)和蒸馏水(100mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物5d(4.20g,91%)。
1HNMR(600Hz,CD3OD)δ8.06(d,J=1.2MHz,1H),7.59(dd,J=1.2,7.8MHz,1H),7.12(d,J=8.4MHz,1H),4.83(s,2H)
化合物5e的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物5d(937mg,5.539mmol)溶解于乙腈(15mL)中后,向其中加入化合物5c(2.0g,5.035mmol)、氧化银(4.66g,20.108mmol)和分子筛(2.0g),并在室温下搅拌14小时。反应完成后,将混合物用硅藻土过滤,且将滤液在减压下浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物5e(1.0g,40%)。
化合物5f的制备
将化合物5e(900mg,6.35mmol)溶解于乙酸乙酯(100mL)后,向其中加入氧化铂(IV)(84.2mg,0.370mmol),并在室温氢气氛下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,将混合物用硅藻土过滤,并将滤液减压浓缩,从而获得化合物5f(700mg,83%)的粗产物并且用于下一步反应,无需纯化。
化合物5g的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物5f(350mg,0.768mmol)溶解于MC(10mL)中后,向其中加入化合物5c(136mg,0.921mmol)和DIPEA(268μL,1.536mmol)并在室温下搅拌20分钟。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)和蒸馏水(50mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物5g(280mg,65%)。
1HNMR(600Hz,CDCl3)δ8.37(d,J=1.2MHz,1H),8.00(s,1H),7.07(dd,J=1.8,6.6MHz,1H),6.93(d,J=8.4MHz,1H),5.43-5.28(m,3H),5.06(d,J=7.8MHz,1H),4.63(s,2H),4.19(d,J=9.6MHz,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.44-3.41(m,2H),2.56(t,J=7.8MHz,2H),2.17-2.00(m,12H).EI-MSm/z:567(M+)
化合物5h的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物5g(250mg,0.441mmol)溶解于DMF(4mL)中后,向其中加入双(4-硝基苯基)碳酸酯(270mg,0.882mmol)和DIPEA后(115μL,0.661mmol),并在室温下搅拌1小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)和蒸馏水(50mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物5h(290mg,90%)。
1HNMR(600Hz,CDCl3)δ8.54(d,J=1.8MHz,1H),8.28-8.25(m,2H),8.02(s,1H),7.40-7.36(m,2H),7.11(dd,J=1.8,6.6MHz,1H),6.96(d,J=8.4MHz,1H),5.44-5.29(m,3H),5.23(s,2H),5.10(d,J=7.8MHz,1H),4.21(d,J=9.6MHz,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.45-3.42(m,2H),2.58(t,J=7.2MHz,2H),2.11-2.00(m,12H).EI-MSm/z:732(M+)
化合物5i的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物5h(250mg,0.341mmol)溶解于DMF(4mL)中后,向其中加入MMAF-OME(255mg,0.341mmol),然后,将所得物用HOBT(9mg,0.068mmol)、吡啶(1.2mL)和DIPEA(60μL,0.341mmol)处理。所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌2天。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)、2NHCl(5mL)和蒸馏水(50mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物5i(340mg,74%)。
EI-MSm/z:1339(M+)
化合物5j的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物5i(210mg,0.156mmol)溶于甲醇(2mL)中后,向其中加入在水(2mL)中的LiOH·H2O(66mg,1.560mmol)。将所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。反应完成后,向其中加入氯仿(50mL)、甲醇(5mL)、蒸馏水(50ml)和0.5NHCl(5mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物5j(107mg,57%)。
EI-MSm/z:1184(M+)
化合物5k的制备
在室温、氮气氛下将化合物5j(10mg,0.008mmol)和苯基乙炔(0.92μL,0.008mmol)溶解在乙醇(150μL)和水(10μL)中后,向其中加入0.1MCuSO4水溶液(10μL)和1.0M抗坏血酸钠水溶液(10μL)。所获得的混合物在室温下搅拌5小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(10mL)和蒸馏水(5mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物5k(5mg,46%)。
EI-MSm/z:1286(M+)
实施例8.化合物6e的制备
化合物6a的制备
在室温氮气氛下将化合物2d(229mg,0.30mmol)溶解在DMF(2mL)中后,向其中加入MMAE(1.34g,1.80mmol),然后,将所得物用HOBT(8.2mg,0.06mmol)、吡啶(0.8mL)和DIPEA(56μL,0.29mmol)处理。将混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)和蒸馏水(100mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物6a(239mg,65%)。
EI-MSm/z:1328(M+)
化合物6b的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物6a(239mg,0.18mmol)溶解于THF(5mL)中后,向其中加入四丁基氟化铵(1M,在THF中)(540μL,2.50.58mol),并在室温下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,向其中加入二氯甲烷(100mL)和蒸馏水(100mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物6b(212mg,95%)。
EI-MSm/z:1228(M+)
化合物6c的制备
在0℃、氮气氛下将化合物6b(200mg,0.16mmol)和化合物2n(51mg,0.19mmol)溶解于DMF(4mL)中后,向其中加入DIPEA(42μL,0.32mmol)和PyBOP(126mg,0.24mmol)并在室温下搅拌4小时。反应完成后,向其中加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)和蒸馏水(100mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。对残余物进行柱层析,由此得到化合物6c(142mg,60%)。
EI-MSm/z:1474(M+)
化合物6d的制备
在-20℃、氮气氛下将化合物6c(142mg,0.09mmol)溶于甲醇(2mL)中后,向其中缓慢加入在水(2mL)中的LiOH(36mg,0.86mmol),并在0℃下搅拌1小时。反应完成后,向其中加入氯仿(100mL)、蒸馏水(50mL)和2NHCl水溶液(2mL)。将如上述获得的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥并减压浓缩。残余物(6d,128mg,99%)无需纯化即可用于下一步反应。
EI-MSm/z:1334(M+)
化合物6e的制备
在-20℃、氮气氛下将化合物6d(105mg,0.08mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(3mL)中之后,向其中加入4MHCl(二恶烷中,1mL),并在0℃下搅拌1小时。反应完成后,将所得物减压浓缩。使用制备型HPLC纯化残余物,由此得到化合物6e(47mg,46%)。
EI-MSm/z:1234(M+)
[实验例1]关于β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的响应性比较试验
为了比较实施例1的化合物1k和比较例1的化合物5k各自对β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的响应性,按如下进行比较试验。
将实施例1的化合物1k和比较例1的化合物5k各自制备成500μM和50μMDMSO原液(stocksolution)。将880μL磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)溶液和100μL化合物1k和化合物5k的原液分别彼此混合,制备成反应溶液(其终浓度分别为50μM和5μM)。在将20μL大肠杆菌β葡萄糖醛酸酶(1mg/ml,Sigma:E.C.3.2.1.31型IX-A;在PBS中1mg/mL;3.6μg,13μmol)加入反应溶液后,反应在37℃恒温水浴中启动。分别在0分钟、25分钟、60分钟和90分钟分配100μL混合溶液,并向其中加入200μL乙腈。使用LC-MS/MS,对从通过进行混合物样本离心分离(4℃,15分钟,14000rpm)得到的每一上清液中释放的MMAF进行定量分析(该试验通过类似于在US2012-0107332中公开的方法进行)。
试验结果如图2所示,且从图2证实,在β葡萄糖醛酸酶的酶反应后,通过1,6-消去反应,MMAF从实施例1的1k和比较例1的化合物5k中显著快速地释放(参考文献US2112-0107332)。
[实验例2]血浆稳定性比较试验
为了比较实施例1的化合物1k和比较例1的化合物5k各自在小鼠中的血浆稳定性,按如下进行比较试验。
将溶解于5mMDMSO的10μL化合物1k和5k的溶液各自与990μL空白血浆混合,由此制备50μM样品,用于证实血浆中的稳定性。使混有化合物的血浆溶液在37℃反应6天。6天反应期间,在每个时间点(0、1、2、3和6天)对100μL溶液进行细分,并与含有用于在反应终止后沉淀血浆蛋白的内标物的200μL乙腈混合。使用LC-MS/MS对通过进行混合物样本离心分离(4℃,15分钟,14000rpm)得到的上清液进行定量分析(该实验通过类似于在杂质色谱分析法B,780(2002)451-457中公开的方法进行)。
通过使用LS-MS/MS确认实施例1的化合物1k与比较例1的化合物5k各自的含量而获得的结果示于图3和表1中,结果表明,比较例1的化合物5k的稳定性和实施例1的化合物1k的稳定性在第1天分别为14%和80%,与比较例1的化合物5k相比,实施例1的化合物1k在小鼠血浆中的的稳定性显著优异。
[表1]
[实验例3]血浆稳定性试验
为了确认在各种血浆中的稳定性,使用LCB14-0648(实施例5)、LCB14-0664(实施例6)和LCB14-0663(实施例7),它们是在实施例5-7中制备的化合物,通过与实验例2相同的方法进行血浆稳定性试验,结果示于图4-6。
结果证实,实施例5-7中制备的化合物LCB14-0648(实施例5)、LCB14-0664(实施例6)和LCB14-0663(实施例7)在小鼠、大鼠、狗和人类血浆中均保持稳定,高达7天。
实施例9-11:抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)的制备
[实施例9]赫赛汀(LC)-葡糖苷酸连接体-MMAF(下文中称为“LCB14-0109'或'ADC109')的制备
与LCB14-0105类似地使用US2012/0308584中公开的方法制备LCB14-0109。
[实施例10]赫赛汀(LC)-葡糖苷酸连接体-MMAF(下文中称为“LCB14-0110'或'ADC110')的制备
使用韩国专利公开号10-2014-0035393中公开的方法制备LCB14-0606。
步骤1(异戊二烯化抗体,D)US2012/0308584中公开的底物(D)的制备
制备抗体的异戊二烯化反应混合物,并使其在30℃反应12小时。反应混合物由含有24μM抗体的缓冲液(50mMTris-HCl(pH7.4)、5mM氯化镁、10μM氯化锌、5mM的DTT)、200nM的FTase(Calbiochem#344145)和1mMLCB14-0606(自有的(inhouse),US2012/0308584)组成。反应完成后,将异戊二烯抗体通过AKTA净化器上的(通用医疗,GEHealthcare)G25琼脂糖凝胶柱纯化,将所述净化器用PBS缓冲液平衡。将异戊二烯化抗体(终浓度:12μM)用1mM硫酸铜处理并使之在30℃反应3小时,由此被再氧化。反应完成后,向其中加入2mM(终浓度)EDTA并在30℃保持30分钟,同时微弱地搅拌。为了除去反应中使用的过量小分子,将所得物通过FPLC纯化。
步骤2(制备LCB14-0110的方法)
通过混合100mM乙酸钠缓冲液(pH4.5,10%DMSO)、12μm抗体和360μMLCB14-0645(自有的)并在30℃微弱地搅拌,制备异戊二烯化抗体(A)和毒素(3l)之间的肟键形成反应混合物。反应进行24小时后,进行FPLC(AKTA净化器,通用医疗),以除去反应中使用的过量小分子,从而除去过量小分子,并收集蛋白质部分用于浓缩。
[实施例11]赫赛汀(LC)-葡糖苷酸连接体-MMAE(下文中称为“LCB14-0113'或'ADC113')的制备
使用通过类似于实施例10的制备工艺的方法所制备的化合物6e制备LCB14-0113(ADC113)。
[实验例4]ADC的血浆稳定性试验
基于这样的结果,即通过使用实验例2中的实施例1的化合物1k和比较例1的化合物5k的模型研究,LCB-SI(实施例1的化合物1k)在血浆中比SG-SI(比较例1的化合物5k)更稳定,将通过结合抗体和药物获得的ADC(实施例9中制备的(LCB14-0109(ADC109)和实施例10中制备的LCB14-0110(ADC110))的稳定性结果进行相互比较。
通过以下方法评价上述制备的ADC(实施例9中制备的(LCB14-0109(ADC109)和实施例10中制备的LCB14-0110(ADC110))的血浆稳定性,结果示出在图8和9中。
(ADC的血浆稳定性试验方法)
在空白血浆中浓度为0.5mg/ml(MMAF浓度:6.8μM)下制备ADC并在37℃下孵育。在第0、1、2和7天取50μl等分试样,并在分析之前于-70℃储存。测定从样品中释放的毒素的(游离MMAF)量,由此评价ADC的血浆稳定性。
(使用LC-MS/MS的稳定性分析)
使用DMSO制备20mMMMAF原液,并且通过用乙腈稀释MMAF原液来制备0.02、0.04、0.2、0.4、2、4、20、40和80μM的MMAF标准溶液。每种MMAF标准溶液用空白血浆稀释20倍,从而被用作校准曲线的样品。
向50μl用于校准曲线和稳定性的样品加入100μL含乙腈的内标物(0.2μMMMAE),并与之混合,然后离心。萃取80μL上清液,并与流动相A(80μL)混合,并用LC-MS/MS分析混合物。1200HPLC(安捷伦科技,AgilentTechnologies)、API4000(ABSCIEX)和分析软件(版本1.6.1)用于LC-MS/MS分析。将5μl样品注入ODP2HP-2D(2ⅹ150mm,5um,Shodex)柱并用1mM甲酸铵(流动相A,40%)和90%乙腈在0.1%甲酸中(流动相B,60%)的组合物分离。在ESI+m/z732.6/170.1模式(母离子/子离子)下测定MMAF。
在本发明实施例9中制备的ADC即LCB14-0109(ADC109)中,游离MMAF的量甚至在第7天都小于0.5%,由此获得显著稳定的试验结果。此外,可以理解地是,本发明的实施例10中制备的ADCLCB14-0110(ADC110)的半衰期为7天或以上(在小鼠、大鼠、狗和人的血浆中),因而LCB14-0110(ADC110)显著稳定。
[实验例5]ADC的抗增殖测定
测定了下表2中所示的抗体、药物和ADC对癌症细胞系的抗细胞增殖活性。
作为癌细胞系,使用市售的人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7(HER2阴性或正常)和SK-BR3(HER2阳性)以及市售的卵巢癌细胞系SK-OV3(HER2阳性)。使用MMAF作为药物。使用市售的赫赛汀-G7-CVIM(LC)和赫赛汀-G7-CVIM(HC)作为抗体。使用实施例8的LCB14-0109(ADC109)和施例9的LCB14-0110(ADC110)作为ADC。
在将每个肿瘤细胞系以10,000个细胞/每孔接种在96孔板并培养24小时后,以浓度0.01563-2μg/ml处理抗体和ADC(2倍连续稀释),以浓度4-500nm处理药物(2倍连续稀释)。72小时后,使用磺酰罗丹明B(SRB)染料量化活细胞的数量。
[表2]
可以确认对应的抗体-药物偶联物的LCB14-0109(ADC109)和LCB14-0110(ADC110)的功效,SK-Br3的功效等于或超过抗体10倍,因而ADC的药效比抗体本身的更优异。
[实验例6]体内功效评价
LCB14-0109(ADC109)和LCB14-0110(ADC110)的体内抗肿瘤功效评价
使用原位模型评估依赖于单剂量或多剂量给药的药物功效。
人乳腺癌细胞系BT-474购自韩国细胞系库(KoreaCellLineBank)并使用RPMI1640(10%FBS,1%青霉素/链霉素)将其在保持恒定温度和湿度的培养箱(37℃,5%CO2)中培养。作为实验动物,使用购自日本SLC的Balb/c-nu雌性小鼠(6周龄),在驯化1周后,皮下施用17b-雌二醇丸(1.72mg/丸,InnovativeResearchofAmerica,Sarasota,FL)。6天后,将BT474细胞(5×106个细胞在100μL中)与50%PBS/50%无酚红Matrigel(BectonDickinsonBioscience)适当混合,并注射到第二乳腺脂肪垫,从而制得原位模型。每周测量两次肿瘤大小,体积通过1/2[长度(mm)]×[宽度(mm)]2计算。将小鼠分组,以使细胞注射3周后,每组具有100mm3的平均肿瘤体积,然后将其用于实验。购买由Roche制备的赫赛汀并使用,由本发明人制备各种ADC,并且通过侧尾静脉每周一次或一次性施用至实验动物。
1)依赖于BT474乳腺肿瘤原位模型-QW剂量(QW=每周一次)的肿瘤 体积观察
共使用5个动物组,即载体给药组、赫赛汀(5mg/kg)给药组和ADC109(0.1、1、5mg/kg)给药组,每组使用共11只小鼠。药物通过尾静脉每周施用一次,共3次,结果赫赛汀(5mg/kg)给药组中肿瘤生长被部分抑制直到试验时间的终点。这一结果与ADC109(1mg/kg)给药组中的相似。与此相反,ADC109(5mg/kg)给药组中,第一次给药4天后肿瘤生长开始被抑制,实验2周内观察到肿瘤消退(图10)。
2)依赖于BT474乳腺癌原位模型中的LCB14-0109(ADC109)剂量的
体重变化观察
以与1)中相同的方法施用药物,观察依赖于ADC109剂量的体重变化。结果是,整个实验期间没有观察到体重变化,结果示于下表3。
[表3]体重变化
3)依赖于多剂量给药的疗效评价
为了评价赫赛汀、ADC109、ADC110在人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)-阳性人类乳腺癌原位模型中依赖于多剂量给药的药物疗效,进行了实验。共使用4个动物组,即载体给药组、赫赛汀(5mg/kg)给药组、ADC109(5mg/kg)给药组和ADC110(5mg/kg)给药组,每组共使用11只BT474原位小鼠,且药物通过尾静脉每周施用一次,共4次。在赫赛汀(5mg/kg)给药组中,肿瘤生长被部分抑制直到在试验时间的终点,而在ADC109和ADC110给药组中,彼此类似,在第一次给药4天后实现对药物的应答,10天后肿瘤完全消退,肿瘤消退保持直至实验时间的终点(图11),不再生长。据观察,整个实验期间观察到的体重变化和死亡动物与所施用的药物无关。
4)依赖于单剂量给药的疗效评价
为了评价赫赛汀、ADC109和ADC110在Her2阳性人乳腺癌原位模型中依赖于单剂量给药的药物疗效,进行了实验。动物组与多剂量给药模型中的那些相同,每组用总计4只BT474原位小鼠,药物通过尾静脉在实验时间的起始点施用一次,并且在5周的实验期间仅观察而不进行额外的给药。在ADC109和ADC110给药组中,对肿瘤生长的应答类似于多剂量给药的实验中的那些,在赫赛汀给药组的情况下,单剂量给药10天后观察到肿瘤再生长现象。然而,在ADC109和ADC110给药组中,肿瘤消退一直保持到实验时间的终点(图12)。据观察,整个实验期间观察到的体重变化和死亡动物与所施用的药物无关。
[实验例7]ADC的血浆稳定性试验
通过以下方法对实施例10的ADC110、实施例11的ADC113和Kadcyla的血浆稳定性进行评价,结果在图13至15中示出。
(ADC的体外血浆稳定性试验方法)
使用PBS以1mg/mL的浓度稀释ADC,并将其与血浆混合,以具有0.16mg/ml的终浓度。将混合物在37℃培养,在预定的时间(1天,3天、5天、7天)收集血浆样品,并且使用蛋白A磁珠从血浆样品仅回收抗体。使用LC-MS分析通过用含有30%乙腈和1%甲酸的溶液洗涤磁珠而获得的上清中获得的试验物质,并观察药物-抗体比率(DAR)变化。在对照物质为Kadcyla(T-DM1)的情况下,只观察到其在PBS中的稳定性。结果,可以理解地是,与Kadcyla(T-DM-1)甚至在PBS中不稳定的结果不同,实施例10的ADC110和实施例11的ADC113显著稳定。
[实验例8]体内药代动力学(PK)评价
小鼠体内PK特性
为了确认在将单剂量赫赛汀、ADC109、ADC110静脉内施用至ICR小鼠时全部抗体的药物动力学,进行如下实验。分别将试验物质即赫赛汀(G1)、ADC109(G2)和ADC110(G3)静脉内施用至ICR雄性小鼠(剂量:2.5mg/kg)。收集血液时,使用涂覆有钠肝素的毛细管在预定的时间(施用后15分钟,1小时,2小时,4小时,6小时,1天,2天,3天,7天,10天,和14天)从眼眶后静脉收集50μl血液。将收集的血液转移至1.5mlPE管(Denvil,USA)中,并存储在冰浴中,将存储后1小时内通过以14,000rpm离心分离所存储的血液5分钟获得的血浆储存在设置为-70℃的深冷冻机直至分析。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分析测定其中的小鼠血浆中的试验物质。使用PhoenixTM (版本6.3,Pharsight)通过非隔室测定分析药代动力学,并计算图16中血浆浓度-时间曲线(AUC)下的面积、最高血药浓度(C最大)、半衰期(t1/2)、清除(CL)和分布体积(VSS)。
施用试验物质后,检测所有测试组中小鼠血浆中的试验物质高达14天。在所有测试组中,组间的PK参数没有出现大的差异(2倍或以上)。然而,即使施用相同的剂量,在ADC109和ADC110的情况下,暴露(exposure)相比赫赛汀低。由于ADC109和ADC110是抗体-药物偶联物(ADC),不同于赫赛汀,上述结果是由于对ELISA分析中使用的抗人IgG(Fab特异性或Fc特异性)抗体的结合亲和性的差别所致。
在试验组G1(赫赛汀)中,赫赛汀的AUCINF是356.00μg*天/mL,C0值为39.20μg/mL,CL为7.04mL/天/kg,Vss是186.00mL/kg,T1/2是18.40天,这类似于文件中的PK特性。另外,在试验组G2(ADC109)中,AUCINF、C0、CL、Vss和T1/2值分别为235.55天*μg/mL、31.56μg/mL、11.25mL/天/kg、239.28mL/kg和15.04天,在测试组G3(ADC110)中,AUCINF、C0、CL、Vss和T1/2值分别为373.60天*μg/mL、35.11μg/mL、7.49mL/天/kg、326.68mL/kg和35.72天。这些结果类似于测试组G1(赫赛汀)中的那些,但暴露稍低。
2)大鼠体内PK试验
为了确认在将单剂量赫赛汀、ADC110静脉内施用至ICR大鼠时试验材料的药代动力学,进行如下实验。分别向ICR雌性大鼠静脉内施用试验物质即赫赛汀和ADC110(剂量:3.0mg/kg)。使用涂覆有钠肝素(85IU/mL,35μL)的毛细管(25规格)在预定的时间(施用后3分钟,1小时,3小时,6小时,1天,2天,3天,7天,9天,14天,21天,和28天)从颈静脉收集0.4ml血液,放入微浴盆(microtub),用辊混合器处理几分钟,然后以14,000rpm离心5分钟,分离出血浆。将分离的血浆放入微管中并贮存在深冻冰箱中,直至分析。用LC-MS测定血浆中的试验物质。使用PhoenixTM (版本6.3,Pharsight)通过隔室模型进行PK分析,使用蛋白A珠分离ADC110之后通过LC-MS/MS量化药物-抗体比率。结果分别在图17-19中示出。此外,计算表4中血浆浓度-时间曲线(AUC)下的面积、最高血药浓度(C最大)、半衰期(t1/2)、清除(CL)、分布半衰期(αHL)、分泌半衰期(βHL)、分布体积(V1)和分布体积(VSS)。
在ADC110的情况下,AUC是684.83μg*天/mL,CL为4.38mL/天/kg,C最大值为92.18μg/mL,Vss是43.83mL/kg,T1/2是8.55天;在赫赛汀的情况下,AUC是622.87μg*天/mL,CL为4.87mL/天/kg,C最大值为81.70μg/mL,Vss是56.53mL/kg,T1/2是10.10天。可以确认赫赛汀与ADC110的PK特性彼此相似,因而药物与抗体的结合几乎不影响大鼠中的药代动力学。
[表4]ADC110和赫赛汀在大鼠中的PK
ADC110 | 赫赛汀 | |
AUC(μg*天/mL) | 684.83±20.38 | 622.87±26.45 |
CL(mL/天/kg) | 4.38±0.13 | 4.87±0.21 |
αHL(天) | 2.45±0.60 | 2.16±0.50 |
βHL(天) | 8.55±1.38 | 10.10±1.81 |
C最大(μg/mL) | 92.18±2.13 | 81.70±2.41 |
V1(mL/kg) | 32.55±0.75 | 36.72±1.08 |
Vss(mL/kg) | 43.83±2.6 | 56.53±4.72 |
3)猴子体内PK试验
为了确认在将单剂量赫赛汀、ADC110静脉内施用至猴子时试验物质的药代动力学,按如下进行实验。分别向雌性猴子静脉内施用试验物质即赫赛汀和ADC110(剂量:3.0mg/kg)。在预定的时间(施用后30分钟,3小时,7小时,12小时,24小时(2天),3天,4天,5天,6天,11天,15天,22天,29天,和36天)从从头静脉或股静脉收集1.5ml血液,投入装满抗凝剂(EDTA-K2)的浴盆(tub)中,储存在湿冰/Kryorack中,然后在冷藏状态以3,000rpm离心10分钟,从而分离血浆。将分离的血浆分配到微管中并存储在深冻冰箱中,直至分析。用LC-MS测定血浆中的试验物质。使用PhoenixTM (版本6.3,Pharsight)通过隔室模型进行PK分析,并且为了量化药物-抗体比率,在使用蛋白A珠分离ADC110并且用β葡萄糖醛酸酶处理之后通过LC-MS/MS量化游离MMAF。结果分别示于图20-22中。计算表5中血浆浓度-时间曲线(AUC)下的面积、最高血药浓度(C最大)、半衰期(t1/2)、清除(CL)、分布半衰期(αHL)、分泌半衰期(βHL)、分布体积(V1)和分布体积(VSS)。
在ADC110的情况下,AUC是965.54μg*天/mL,CL为3.11mL/天/kg,C最大值为117.56μg/mL,Vss是55.65mL/kg,T1/2是12.79天;在赫赛汀的情况下,AUC是689.30μg*天/mL,CL为4.35mL/天/kg,C最大值为83.14μg/mL,Vss是80.92mL/kg,T1/2是13.44天。可以确认,虽然ADC110的AUC稍高,但是赫赛汀与ADC110的PK特性彼此完全相似,从而药物与抗体的结合几乎不影响猴子中的药代动力学。
[表5]ADC110和赫赛汀在猴子中的PK
ADC110 | 赫赛汀 | |
AUC(μg*天/mL) | 965.54±33.49 | 689.30±21.90 |
CL(mL/天/kg) | 3.11±0.11 | 0.30±0.04 |
αHL(天) | 0.30±0.04 | 0.41±0.04 |
βHL(天) | 12.79±0.68 | 13.44±0.67 |
C最大(μg/mL) | 117.56±2.58 | 83.14±1.43 |
V1(mL/kg) | 25.52±0.56 | 36.08±0.62 |
Vss(mL/kg) | 55.65±1.57 | 80.92±2.17 |
在比较在下表6中示出的半衰期时,在Kadcyla的情况下,药物与抗体结合,使得半衰期相比赫赛汀(为原始抗体)显著下降,但在本发明的实施例10中制备的ADC110的情况下,半衰期与原始抗体的相似。这意味着本发明的ADC对原始抗体的半衰期的影响较小。
[表6]ADC110、赫赛汀和Kadcyla半衰期的比较
如图18和21所示,可以确认ADC110稳定地结合活生物体血液中的抗体和MMAF药物,这是ADC110在体内功效试验中相比Kadcyla的高活性的基本原因。从如上所述的稳定性可以判断,ADC110可有助于提高ADC110在患者中表现出比对照药物Kadcyla更优异的功效的可能性。据证实,未在校准曲线(图19和22)以上的含量检测到从药物脱离的抗体,而这一结果可能意味着ADC110可以比Kadcyla具有更优异的稳定性。
【工业实用性】
本发明的包含自脱落基团的化合物可包括对靶标具有底物特异性的蛋白(例如,寡肽、多肽、抗体等),和具有特定功能或活性的活性剂(例如,药物、毒素、配体、检测探针等)。自脱落基团可以在血液、血浆等中相比现有的连接体更稳定,同时特异性结合引起疾病的细胞中超表达的蛋白,但也可以在靶癌细胞中分离,使得活性剂可以特异性地作用于引起疾病的细胞,从而使得使用该化合物治疗疾病成为可能。
Claims (27)
1.一种包含自脱落基团的化合物,由下述化学式I表示:
G是葡糖苷酸基团或其衍生物;
A是(C1-C20)烃基、生物材料或改性生物材料;
B是(C1-C100)烃基;
W是吸电子基团;
Z是氢、(C1-C8)烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基;
n是1-3的整数,且当n是2或以上的整数时,各个Z彼此相同或不同;
L是通过共价键连接自脱落基团的A和W的连接体;以及
R1和R2各自独立地为氢、(C1-C8)烷基或(C3-C8)环烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中G是R3是氢或羧基保护基,且R4各自独立地为氢或羟基保护基。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中W可以是-C(O)-、-C(O)NR’-、-C(O)O-、-SO2NR’-、-P(O)R”NR’-、-SONR’-或-PO2NR’-,且R’和R”各自独立地为氢、(C1-C8)烷基、(C3-C8)环烷基、(C1-C8)烷氧基、(C1-C8)烷硫基、单-或双-(C1-C8)烷基氨基、(C3-C20)杂芳基或(C6-C20)芳基。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述连接体L是具有1-50个碳原子的亚烷基并满足下述(i)至(iv)中的至少一个:
(i)所述亚烷基包括至少一个不饱和键,
(ii)所述亚烷基包括至少一个杂亚芳基,
(iii)所述亚烷基的碳原子被选自氮(N)、氧(O)和硫(S)中的一个或多个杂原子取代,以及
(iv)所述亚烷基进一步被具有1-20个碳原子的一个或多个烷基取代。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述连接体L包括由下述化学式A表示的至少一个异戊二烯基衍生单元,其被类异戊二烯转移酶识别,
6.如权利要求5所述的化合物,其中所述连接体L进一步包括通过1,3-偶极环加成反应、异狄尔斯反应、亲核取代反应、非羟醛型羰基反应、碳-碳多重键加成、氧化反应或链接反应形成的结合单元。
7.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中所述结合单元通过乙炔和叠氮化物之间的反应或者醛或酮基团和肼或羟胺之间的反应形成。
8.如权利要求7所述的化合物,其中所述结合单元由下述化学式B、C、D或E表示:
L1是单键或具有1-30个碳原子的亚烷基;
R11是氢或具有1-10个碳原子的烷基;以及
L2是具有1-30个碳原子的亚烷基。
9.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中所述连接体L进一步包括由下述化学式F或G表示的连接单元:
[化学式F]
-(CH2)r(V(CH2)p)q-,
化学式G
-(CH2CH2X)w-,
V是单键、-O-、-S-、-NR21-、-C(O)NR22-、-NR23C(O)-、-NR24SO2-或-SO2NR25-;
X是-O-、(C1-C8)亚烷基或-NR21-;
R21至R25各自独立地为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基(C6-C20)芳基或(C1-C6)烷基(C3-C20)杂芳基;
r是1-10的整数;
p是0-10的整数;
q是1-10的整数;以及
w是1-10的整数。
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中当A是具有1-20个碳原子的烃基时,L是 V是单键、-O-、-S-、-NR21-、-C(O)NR22-、-NR23C(O)-、-NR24SO2-或-SO2NR25-,R21至R25各自独立地为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基(C6-C20)芳基或(C1-C6)烷基(C3-C20)杂芳基,r是1-10的整数,p是0-10的整数,q是1-10的整数,且L1是单键。
11.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述生物材料是蛋白质。
12.如权利要求11所述的化合物,其中所述蛋白质是寡肽、多肽、抗体、抗原性多肽的片段或重复体。
13.如权利要求12所述的化合物,其中所述蛋白质具有被类异戊二烯转移酶识别的氨基酸基序。
14.如权利要求13所述的化合物,其中所述蛋白质进一步包括由所述蛋白质和所述氨基酸基序之间的氨基酸、寡肽或多肽组成的间隔单元。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的化合物,其中所述蛋白质通过所述氨基酸基序共价键合至连接体L。
16.如权利要求15所述的化合物,其中所述氨基酸基序共价键合至所述蛋白质C-端,或共价键合至与所述蛋白质C-端共价键合的至少一个间隔单元。
17.如权利要求16所述的化合物,其中所述蛋白质的C-端是所述抗体轻链或重链的C-端。
18.如权利要求13所述的化合物,其中所述类异戊二烯转移酶是法尼基蛋白转移酶(FTase)或香叶烯基转移酶(GGTase)。
19.如权利要求12所述的化合物,其中所述抗体选自完整多克隆抗体、完整单克隆抗体、抗体片段、单链Fv(scFv)突变体、多特异性抗体、双特异性抗体、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、人抗体、包括抗体的抗原决定部分的融合蛋白和包括抗原识别位点的其它修饰的免疫球蛋白分子。
20.如权利要求19所述的化合物,其中所述抗体可以选自下组:莫罗单抗CD3、阿昔单抗、利妥昔单抗、达珠单抗、帕利珠单抗、英夫利昔单抗、曲妥珠单抗、依那西普、巴利昔单抗、吉妥珠单抗、奥唑米星、阿仑单抗、替伊莫单抗、阿达木单抗、阿来塞普、奥马珠单抗、依法珠单抗、托西莫单抗-I131、西妥昔单抗、贝伐单抗、那他珠单抗、兰尼单抗、帕尼单抗、依库珠单抗、利那西普、赛妥珠单抗、咯咪珀咯、AMG-531、CNTO-148、CNTO-1275、ABT-874、LEA-29Y、贝利单抗、TACI-Ig、第二代抗CD20、ACZ-885、托珠单抗、atlizumab、美泊利单抗、帕妥珠单抗、HuMaxCD20、tremelimumab(CP-675206)、ticilimumab、MDX-010、IDEC-114、inotuzumabozogamycin、HuMaxEGFR、阿柏西普、艾力亚、HuMax-CD4、丙氨酸-丙氨酸(Ala-Ala)、ChAglyCD3、TRX4、卡妥索单抗、IGN101、MT-201、pregovomab、CH-14.18、WX-G250、AMG-162、AAB-001、莫维珠单抗、MEDI-524、efumgumab、瑞西巴库、第三代抗CD20、LY2469298和维妥珠单抗。
21.如权利要求19所述的化合物,其中所述蛋白质是单克隆抗体。
22.如权利要求13或14所述的化合物,其中所述氨基酸基序是CYYX、XXCC、XCXC或CXX,C表示半胱氨酸,Y表示脂族氨基酸,以及X表示决定所述类异戊二烯转移酶的底物特异性的氨基酸。
23.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述B是活性剂。
24.如权利要求23所述的化合物,其中所述活性剂是药物、毒素、亲和配体、检测探针或其组合。
25.如权利要求23所述的化合物,其中所述活性剂是免疫调节性化合物、抗癌剂、抗病毒剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗寄生虫剂或其组合。
26.如权利要求22所述的化合物,其中所述具有氨基酸基序的蛋白质选自A-HC-(G)zCVIM、A-HC-(G)zCVLL、A-LC-(G)zCVIM和A-LC-(G)zCVLL,A表示抗体,HC表示重链,LC表示轻链,G表示甘氨酸单元,且z是0-20的整数。
27.如权利要求26所述的化合物,其中所述化合物选自具有下述结构的化合物:
这里,
Z是氢、(C1-C8)烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基;
X是-O-、(C1-C8)亚烷基或-NR21-;
R21是氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基(C6-C20)芳基或(C1-C6)烷基(C3-C20)杂芳基;
n是1-3的整数,且当n是2或以上的整数时,各个Z彼此相同或不同;
r是1-10的整数;
q是1-10的整数;
w是1-10的整数。
x是0-10的整数;
g是1-10的整数;
-S-mAb是A-HC-(G)zCVIM-、A-HC-(G)zCVLL-、A-LC-(G)zCVIM-或A-LC-(G)zCVLL-,A表示所述抗体,HC表示重链,LC表示轻链,G表示甘氨酸单元,且z是0-20的整数;
B是具有选自下述结构的药物:
且y是1-10的整数。
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