CN105343795A - 一种治疗失眠症的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗失眠症的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105343795A
CN105343795A CN201510914347.1A CN201510914347A CN105343795A CN 105343795 A CN105343795 A CN 105343795A CN 201510914347 A CN201510914347 A CN 201510914347A CN 105343795 A CN105343795 A CN 105343795A
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张朝兰
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗失眠症的药物及其制备方法，其主要是由珍珠母、百合、远志、桑白皮、莲子心、牡蛎、合欢皮、龙眼肉、芡实、茯神、菊花、丹参、淡竹叶、灯心草、夏枯草、玉竹、石菖蒲、桑椹、麦冬、赤小豆、山药、何首乌、栀子、枸杞子、玫瑰花按一定重量配比制备而成。本发明药物具有清心安神，定惊，益胃生津，益心脾，补气血的功能，用于治疗失眠症见效快、疗效好，不复发。

Description

一种治疗失眠症的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗失眠症的药物及其制备方法，属中药领域。
背景技术
失眠症是指大脑睡眠功能紊乱，躯体疾病，精神障碍导致的入睡困难、睡眠质量下降和睡眠时间减少。中医则认为失眠症与情志不遂，胃气失和，脾虚，气血不足等有关。由于西药治疗副作用大，因此人们对有效治疗失眠症的中药药物存在极大的需求，至今为止，还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证，终于找到了有效治疗失眠症的药物，从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗失眠症的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择珍珠母、百合、远志、桑白皮、莲子心、肉苁蓉、牡蛎、合欢皮、龙眼肉、芡实、茯神、菊花、丹参、淡竹叶、灯心草、夏枯草、玉竹、石菖蒲、桑椹、麦冬、赤小豆、山药、何首乌、淫羊藿、栀子、枸杞子、玫瑰花、石斛、莪术药物进行组合制备的，将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用，从而能够有效治疗失眠症。其中，选用珍珠母是因为其性味咸，凉，入心、肝两经，有平肝，潜阳，定惊，止血的功能，治头眩，耳鸣，心悸，失眠，癫狂，惊癎，吐血，衄血，妇女血崩。选用百合是因为其性味甘微苦，平，入心、肺经，有润肺止咳，清心安神的功能，治肺痨久嗽，咳唾痰血，热病后余热未清，虚烦惊悸，神志恍惚，脚气浮肿。选用远志是因为其性味苦辛，温，入心、肾经，有安神益智，祛痰，解郁的功能，治惊悸，健忘，梦遗，失眠，咳嗽多痰，痈疽疮肿。选用桑白皮是因为其性味甘，寒，入肺、脾经，有泻肺平喘，行水消肿的功能，治肺热喘咳，吐血，水肿，脚气，小便不利。选用莲子心是因为其性味苦寒，归心、肺、肾三经，有清心，去热，止血，涩精的功能，治心烦，口渴，吐血，遗精。选用肉苁蓉是因为其性味甘酸咸，温，入肾、大肠经，有补肾，益精，润燥，清肠的功能，治男子阳痿，女子不孕，带下，血崩，腰膝冷痛，血枯便秘。选用牡蛎是因为其性味咸涩，凉，入肝、肾经，有敛阴，潜阳，止汗，涩精的功能，治惊癎，眩晕，自汗，盗汗，遗精，淋浊，崩漏，带下，瘰疬，瘿瘤。选用合欢皮是因为其性味甘，平，入心、肝经，有解郁，和血，宁心，消痈肿的功能，治心神不安，忧郁失眠，肺痈，痈肿，瘰疬，筋骨折伤。选用龙眼肉是因为其性味甘，温，入心、脾经，有益心脾，补气血，安神的功能，治虚功羸弱，失眠，健忘，惊悸，怔仲。选用芡实是因为其性味甘涩，平，入脾、肾经，有固肾涩精，补脾止泄，治遗精，淋浊，带下，小便不禁，大便泄泻。选用茯神是因为其性味甘淡，平，入心、脾经，有宁心，安神，利水的功能，治心虚惊悸，健忘，失眠，惊癎，小便不利。选用菊花是因为其性味甘苦，凉，入肺，肝经，有疏风，消热，明目，解毒的功能，治头痛，眩晕，目赤，心胸烦热，疔疮，肿毒。选用丹参是因为其性味苦，微温，入心、肝经，有活血去瘀，安神宁心，排脓，止痛的功能，治心绞痛，月经不调，痛经，以闭，血崩带下，癥瘕，积聚，瘀血腹痛，骨节疼痛，惊悸不眠，恶疮肿毒。选用淡竹叶是因为其性味甘淡，寒，入心肾二经，有清心火，除烦热，利小便的功能，治热病口渴，心烦，小便赤涩，淋浊，口糜舌疮，牙龈肿痛。选用灯心草是因为其性味甘淡，寒，入心、肺、小肠经，有清心降火，利尿通淋的功能，治淋病，水肿，小便不利，湿热黄疸，心烦不寐，小儿夜啼，喉痹，创伤。选用夏枯草是因为其性味苦辛，寒，入肝、胆经，有清肝，散结的功能，治瘰疬，瘿瘤，乳痈，乳癌，目珠夜痛，羞明流泪，头目眩晕，口眼歪斜，筋骨疼痛，肺结核，急性黄疸型传染性肝炎，血崩，带下。选用玉竹是因为其性味甘，平，入肺，胃经，有养阴，润燥，除烦，止渴的功能，治热病阳伤，咳嗽，烦渴，虚劳发热，消谷易饥，小便频数。选用石菖蒲是因为其性味辛苦，微温，入心、肝、脾经，有开窍，豁痰，理气，活血，散风，去湿的功能，治癫癎，痰厥，热病神昏，健忘，气闭耳聋，心胸烦闷，胃痛，腹痛，风寒湿痹，痈疽肿毒，跌打损伤。选用桑椹是因为其性味甘，寒，入肝、肾经，有补肝，益肾，熄风，滋液的功能，治肝肾阴亏，消渴，便秘，目暗，耳鸣，瘰疬，关节不利。选用麦冬是因为其性味甘微苦，寒，入肺、胃、心经，有养阴润肺，清心除烦，益胃生津的功能，治肺燥干咳，吐血，咯血，肺痿，肺痈，虚劳烦热，清渴，热病津伤，咽干口燥，便秘。选用赤小豆是因为其性味甘酸，平，入心、小肠经，有利水除湿，和血排脓，消肿解毒的功能，治水肿，脚气，黄疸，泻痢，便血，痈肿。选用山药是因为其性味甘，平，入肺、脾、肾经，有健脾，补肺，固肾，益精的功能，治脾虚泄泻，久痢，虚劳咳嗽，消渴，遗精、带下，小便频数。选用何首乌是因为其性味苦甘涩，微温，入肝、肾经，有补肝，益肾，养血，祛风的功能，治肝肾阴亏，发须早白，血虚头晕，腰膝软弱，筋骨酸痛，遗精，崩带，久疟，久痢，慢性肝炎，痈肿，瘰疬，肠风，痔疾。选用淫羊藿是因为其性味辛甘，温，入肝、肾经，有补肾壮阳，祛风除湿的功能，治阳痿不举，小便淋沥，筋骨挛急，半身不遂，腰膝无力，风湿痹痛，四脚不仁。选用栀子是因为其性味苦，寒，入心、肝、肺、胃经，有清热，泻火，凉血的功能，治热病虚烦不眠，黄疸，淋病，消渴，目赤，咽痛，吐血，衄血，血痢，尿血，热毒疮疡，扭伤肿痛。选用枸杞子是因为其性味甘，平，有滋肾，润肺，补肝，明目的功能，治肝肾阴亏，腰膝酸软，头晕目眩，目昏多泪，虚劳咳嗽，消渴，遗清。选用玫瑰花是因为其性味甘微苦，温，有理气解郁，和血散淤的功能，治肝胃气痛，新久风痹，吐血咯血，月经不调，赤白带下，痢疾，乳痈，肿毒。选用石斛是因为其性味甘淡微咸，寒，入有、肺、肾经，有生津益胃，清热养阴的功能，治热病伤津，口干烦喝，病后虚热，阴伤目暗。选用莪术是因为其性味辛、苦，温，归肝、脾经，有行气破血，消积止痛的功能，治癥瘕痞块，瘀血经闭，食积肛痛，跌打肿痛，早期宫颈癌。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的，各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效：
珍珠母20-30克，百合15-25克，远志5-15克，桑白皮10-20克，莲子心15-25克，肉苁蓉10-20克，牡蛎15-25克，合欢皮10-20克，龙眼肉10-20克，芡实10-15克，茯神5-15克，菊花5-15克，丹参10-15克，淡竹叶5-15克，灯心草5-15克，夏枯草5-15克，玉竹15-25克，石菖蒲5-15克，桑椹10-20克，麦冬15-25克，赤小豆15-25克，山药10-20克，何首乌15-25克，淫羊藿10-15克，栀子5-15克，枸杞子10-20克，玫瑰花10-15克，石斛10-15克，莪术5-15克。
优选为：
珍珠母25克，百合20克，远志10克，桑白皮15克，莲子心20克，肉苁蓉15克，牡蛎20克，合欢皮15克，龙眼肉15克，芡实12克，茯神10克，菊花10克，丹参12克，淡竹叶10克，灯心草10克，夏枯草10克，玉竹20克，石菖蒲10克，桑椹15克，麦冬20克，赤小豆20克，山药15克，何首乌20克，淫羊藿12克，栀子10克，枸杞子15克，玫瑰花12克，石斛12克，莪术10克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、珍珠母：拣去杂质，敲成碎块，筛去灰屑；
2、百合：拣去杂质，黑瓣，簸除灰屑；
3、远志：拣去杂质，切段，筛去灰屑；
4、桑白皮：刷去灰屑，洗净，润透后切丝，晒干；
5、莲子心：秋季采收莲子时，从莲子中剥取，晒干；
6、肉苁蓉：拣净杂质，清水浸泡，每天换水1—2次如系咸苁蓉，泡尽盐分，润透，纵向切片，晒干；
7、牡蛎：洗净，晒干，碾碎用；
8、合欢皮：清水浸泡洗净，捞出，闷润后先划成相等大的长条，再切块或切丝，干燥；
9、龙眼肉：取原药材，除去杂质；
10、芡实：先将麸皮放热锅内炒至烟起，再将净芡实倒入，拌炒至微黄色，取出，筛净麸皮，放凉；
11、茯神：取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，润透，切成正方形的厚生或块，阴干；
12、菊花：拣净叶梗、花柄及泥屑杂质；
13、丹参：拣净杂质，除去根茎，洗净，捞出，润透后切片，晾干；
14、淡竹叶：拣去杂质及根，切段，晒干；
15、灯心草：取灯心草置锅内，上覆一口径略小的锅，贴以白纸，两锅交接处，用盐泥封固，不使泄气，煅至白纸呈焦黄色停火，凉透后取出；
16、夏枯草：取原药材，除去枝梗、叶片及杂质，筛去灰屑；
17、玉竹：除去杂质，洗净泥土，闷润至内外湿度均匀，切片，晒干；
18、石菖蒲：拣去杂质，洗净，稍浸泡，润透，切片，晒干；
19、桑椹：用水洗净，拣去杂质，摘除长柄，晒干；
20、麦冬：拣净杂质，用水浸泡，捞出，润透后抽去心，再洗净晒干；
21、赤小豆：取原药材，除去杂质，用时捣碎；
22、山药：拣净杂质，用水浸泡至山药中心部软化为止，捞出稍晾，切片晒干或烘干；
23、何首乌：拣去杂质，洗净，用水泡至八成透，捞出，润至内外湿度均匀，切片或切成方块，晒干；
24、淫羊藿：拣净杂质，去梗，切丝，筛去碎屑；
25、栀子：筛去灰屑，拣去杂质，碾碎过筛；
26、枸杞子：簸净杂质，摘去残留的梗和蒂；
27、玫瑰花：剪去杂质，摘除花柄及蒂；
28、石斛：取干燥的石斛，用水泡约至八成透，闷润，除去残根及黑枝，切段，除去薄膜，晒干；
29、莪术：取原药材，除去杂质，大小分档，洗净，略浸泡，取出，润透，切薄片，干燥，筛去碎屑；
二、制备
1、将炮制后的珍珠母、百合、远志、桑白皮、莲子心、肉苁蓉、牡蛎、合欢皮、龙眼肉、芡实、茯神、菊花、丹参、淡竹叶、灯心草、夏枯草、玉竹、石菖蒲、桑椹、麦冬、赤小豆、山药、何首乌、淫羊藿、栀子、枸杞子、玫瑰花、石斛、莪术放入煎药容器内，第一次加水8倍量，浸泡100分钟后，武火煎煮沸腾，再用文火煎煮20分钟，过滤得第一次煎煮液，将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内。
2、将过滤的药渣加水6倍量，武火煮沸，再用文火煎煮20分钟，过滤得第二次煎煮液。
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀即得混合溶液，分为4剂服用。
组方中珍珠母有平肝，潜阳，定惊，止血，治头眩，耳鸣，心悸，失眠的功能为君药；百合清心安神，治虚烦惊悸，神志恍惚；麦冬有清心除烦，益胃生津的功能，二者为臣药，三味药共同发挥定惊，清心安神，清热，泻火，凉血的作用，治疗失眠症效力全面，且以清心，安神，定惊为主可治本，龙眼肉有益心脾，补气血，安神，治失眠，健忘，惊悸的功能为佐药，合欢皮有治心神不安，忧郁失眠，解郁，和血，宁心的功能为使药，与余下诸药是治标。
本发明药物具有清心安神，定惊，益胃生津，益心脾，补气血的功能，用于治疗失眠症，疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
具体实施方式：
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果，这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告：
取家兔30只，雌雄兼用，体重2.0—2.5kg，分两组，每组15只，其中一组为超剂量试验组，另一组为正常量试验组。服用混合药液超常量组为20ml/kg，正常量为10ml/kg，给药方式为灌胃法给药，每天两次，连服7天，每天观察给药反应，结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常，药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治失眠症门诊患者共36例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为入睡困难，入睡时间超过30分钟；睡眠质量下降，睡眠维持障碍，整夜觉醒次数≥2次、早醒、睡眠质量下降；疲劳或全身不适；注意力、注意维持能力或记忆力减退；总睡眠时间减少，通常少于6小时。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂，给患者服用，每次服用1剂，每天早、晚各服1次，5天为一个疗程，连续服用3个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效：失眠症症状消失，体质恢复正常，痊愈；
好转：患者记忆力减退，紧张，头痛，头晕，情绪波动的症状减轻，入睡困难，情况改变，失眠症症状明显好转；
无效：达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果（见下表）
在上述治疗中，用本发明药物治疗失眠症患者36例，结果显效31例，显效率为86.11%，好转4例，好转率为11.11%，无效1例，总有效率为97.22%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗失眠症的药物，其特征在于：它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成：
珍珠母20-30克，百合15-25克，远志5-15克，桑白皮10-20克，莲子心15-25克，肉苁蓉10-20克，牡蛎15-25克，合欢皮10-20克，龙眼肉10-20克，芡实10-15克，茯神5-15克，菊花5-15克，丹参10-15克，淡竹叶5-15克，灯心草5-15克，夏枯草5-15克，玉竹15-25克，石菖蒲5-15克，桑椹10-20克，麦冬15-25克，赤小豆15-25克，山药10-20克，何首乌15-25克，淫羊藿10-15克，栀子5-15克，枸杞子10-20克，玫瑰花10-15克，石斛10-15克，莪术5-15克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物，其中各原料药的用量为：
珍珠母25克，百合20克，远志10克，桑白皮15克，莲子心20克，肉苁蓉15克，牡蛎20克，合欢皮15克，龙眼肉15克，芡实12克，茯神10克，菊花10克，丹参12克，淡竹叶10克，灯心草10克，夏枯草10克，玉竹20克，石菖蒲10克，桑椹15克，麦冬20克，赤小豆20克，山药15克，何首乌20克，淫羊藿12克，栀子10克，枸杞子15克，玫瑰花12克，石斛12克，莪术10克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法，它包括下列步骤：
（一）备料
（1）珍珠母：拣去杂质，敲成碎块，筛去灰屑；
（2）百合：拣去杂质，黑瓣，簸除灰屑；
（3）远志：拣去杂质，切段，筛去灰屑；
（4）桑白皮：刷去灰屑，洗净，润透后切丝，晒干；
（5）莲子心：秋季采收莲子时，从莲子中剥取，晒干；
（6）肉苁蓉：拣净杂质，清水浸泡，每天换水1—2次如系咸苁蓉，泡尽盐分润透，纵向切片，晒干；
（7）牡蛎：洗净，晒干，碾碎用；
（8）合欢皮：清水浸泡洗净，捞出，闷润后先划成相等大的长条，再切块或切丝，干燥；
（9）龙眼肉：取原药材，除去杂质；
（10）芡实：先将麸皮放热锅内炒至烟起，再将净芡实倒入，拌炒至微黄色，取出，筛净麸皮，放凉；
（11）茯神：取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，润透，切成正方形的厚生或块，阴干；
（12）菊花：拣净叶梗、花柄及泥屑杂质；
（13）丹参：拣净杂质，除去根茎，洗净，捞出，润透后切片，晾干；
（14）淡竹叶：拣去杂质及根，切段，晒干；
（15）灯心草：取灯心草置锅内，上覆一口径略小的锅，贴以白纸，两锅交接处，用盐泥封固，不使泄气，煅至白纸呈焦黄色停火，凉透后取出；
（16）夏枯草：取原药材，除去枝梗、叶片及杂质，筛去灰屑；
（17）玉竹：除去杂质，洗净泥土，闷润至内外湿度均匀，切片，晒干；
（18）石菖蒲：拣去杂质，洗净，稍浸泡，润透，切片，晒干；
（19）桑椹：用水洗净，拣去杂质，摘除长柄，晒干；
（20）麦冬：拣净杂质，用水浸泡，捞出，润透后抽去心，再洗净晒干；
（21）赤小豆：取原药材，除去杂质，用时捣碎；
（22）山药：拣净杂质，用水浸泡至山药中心部软化为止，捞出稍晾，切片晒干或烘干；
（23）何首乌：拣去杂质，洗净，用水泡至八成透，捞出，润至内外湿度均匀，切片或切成方块，晒干；
（24）淫羊藿：拣净杂质，去梗，切丝，筛去碎屑；
（25）栀子：筛去灰屑，拣去杂质，碾碎过筛；
（26）枸杞子：簸净杂质，摘去残留的梗和蒂；
（27）玫瑰花：剪去杂质，摘除花柄及蒂；
（28）石斛：取干燥的石斛，用水泡约至八成透，闷润，除去残根及黑枝，切段，除去薄膜，晒干；
（29）莪术：取原药材，除去杂质，大小分档，洗净，略浸泡，取出，润透，切薄片，干燥，筛去碎屑；
（二）制备
（1）将炮制后的珍珠母、百合、远志、桑白皮、莲子心、肉苁蓉、牡蛎、合欢皮、龙眼肉、芡实、茯神、菊花、丹参、淡竹叶、灯心草、夏枯草、玉竹、石菖蒲、桑椹、麦冬、赤小豆、山药、何首乌、淫羊藿、栀子、枸杞子、玫瑰花、石斛、莪术放入煎药容器内，加水8倍量，浸泡100分钟后，武火煎煮沸腾，再用文火煎煮20分钟，过滤得第一次煎煮液，将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内；
（2）将过滤的药渣加水6倍量，武火煮沸，再用文火煎煮20分钟，过滤得第二次煎煮液；
（3）将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀即得，分为4剂服用。
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