CN105343131A - 一种治疗咳嗽的药物制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗咳嗽的药物制剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105343131A
CN105343131A CN201510879245.0A CN201510879245A CN105343131A CN 105343131 A CN105343131 A CN 105343131A CN 201510879245 A CN201510879245 A CN 201510879245A CN 105343131 A CN105343131 A CN 105343131A
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林凡儒
林凡友
刘倩
杨川川
薛颖
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Tong Ren Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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Xiang Yu Pharmaceutical Ltd Co
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种治疗咳嗽的药物制剂及其制备方法,其由下述原料制备而得:白葡萄球菌粉40g,糊精25g,70%糖浆35g,淀粉5g,硬脂酸镁0.28g,按照常规方法制备片剂1000片,本发明制剂协调效能,成本低廉,经临床验证,对咳喘有很好的治疗效果。

Description

一种治疗咳嗽的药物制剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于中药药物技术领域,具体的,涉及一种治疗咳嗽的药物制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
咳嗽是呼吸系统疾病最常见的症状之一,是人体清除呼吸道内的分泌物或异物的保护性呼吸反射动作。很多原因都可以引起咳嗽,如吸入异物、上呼吸道感染、支气管炎、肺炎以及急性喉炎等。咳嗽发作时常常伴有发热、胸痛、呼吸困难、咯血、大量浓痰、哮鸣音、杵状指等病症。中医认为,咳嗽分为外感咳嗽和内伤咳嗽。外感咳嗽是指感受外邪所致的咳嗽,外感咳嗽分为风寒咳嗽、风热咳嗽、风燥咳嗽和肺燥咳嗽。内伤咳嗽是由脏腑功能失调、内邪干肺所致,内伤咳嗽可以分为痰湿蕴肺、痰热郁肺、肝火犯肺以及肺阴虚证。
目前,治疗咳嗽分为西医和中医两种治疗方式。西医治疗咳嗽主要是以消炎为主,如感冒引起的咳嗽,除了使用抗病毒治感冒,还使用抗生素;因鼻炎、鼻窦炎、扁桃体炎等引起的咳嗽大多是与气管合并感染所致,因此治疗时多会针对鼻咽疾病进行局部治疗。中医主要是根据外感咳嗽和内伤咳嗽的病因不同,采取不同的治疗方式。虽然西药可以治疗咳嗽,但是不能改善和调理呼吸道功能,而且长时间服用西药还会引起抗药性,导致咳嗽再次发作时不能得到治疗。
我国中医学认为:“肺主气,司呼吸”。这里所说的“气”,一方面是指呼吸之气,一方面是指肺和其他脏腑表现在呼吸方面的功能。“肺开窍于鼻及咽喉,外合皮毛”。《素问.咳论》说:“皮毛者,肺之合也,皮毛先受邪气,邪气以从其合也”,说的是肺通过鼻咽部和皮肤毛窍与外界相通,犹如一道屏障,主管人体的防御机能。哮喘发作时邪盛于肺,但疾病的根源则与肾和脾有关,这是因为肺主气而司呼吸,但气的本在肾,肾虚则不能纳气,致使上下之气交接失常,<<类证治裁>>所称“肺为气之主,肾为气之根,肺主出气,肾主纳气,阴阳相交,呼吸乃和,若出纳升降失常,斯喘作焉。”说明了“肺主气,肾纳气,气出于肺而根于肾”的肺肾之间的密切关系,对哮喘患者的辨证也可常见肾气虚者。肺是“贮痰之器”,而脾是“生痰之源”,如果脾失健运,则聚液成痰,上阻于肺而引发哮喘,<<证治心得>>云:“肺为气之主,而脾则肺之母也,脾肺有亏则气化不足,不足则短促而喘。”脾肾中尤以肾气的盛衰于哮喘的进退有更重要的作用。
祖国医学在治疗支气管咳喘方面积累了丰富的经验。在医疗实践中,一般来说,中医治病效果好、基本无副作用。因此继续挖掘中药材资源,从天然药物中寻找有效、安全的药物,是临床治疗小儿哮喘的重要方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于治疗咳嗽的药物制剂及其制备方法。辨证论治一直是中医药治疗疾病的核心理论,如何针对主要病机用药同时兼顾次要病机,兼顾共性与个性的治疗,从而最大程度体现中医治疗疾病的内涵与外延,是中成药配伍的一个现实难题。中医认为,咳嗽是由外邪侵犯肺脏或者脏腑功能失调导致的肺失宣降,肺气上逆。从现代医学理论来讲,咳嗽为一种重要的防御机制,通过咳嗽能够清除咽部和整个呼吸道的粘性分泌物以及吸入的有害物质和异物。从生理上讲,咳嗽对气道的清除作用在分泌物过多的情况下是有益的,而频繁剧烈的咳嗽会影响患者的呼吸及心脏的功能。对“咳嗽”的认识经历了漫长的历史发展过程,从《内经》的“五脏咳”到隋·巢元方《诸病源候论》的“十咳”,即风、寒、支、心、肝、脾、肾、胆、厥咳等十种:从金元四大家对咳嗽病机及辨证治疗、明清时期以王肯堂、赵献可为代表的医家对咳嗽病因病机的深入探讨,到现代应用高科技手段对咳嗽生理及病理机制的深层次剖析,且借助于层出不穷的新的实验仪器和实验方法,对其研究则更加深入、透彻。
申请人针对咳嗽主要病机特点,结合大量秘方根据多年的医行实践,通过对传统中药的研究,并结合辩证论证,多方收集众家之长,寻求最佳治疗方案,并结合经过多年的试验,将多种配方进行筛选,找到了相互配合下对外感型咳嗽及上呼吸道感染和支气管炎有较好治疗效果的中药组合物。从大量天然药方种选取恰当的中药成分,要求既不应引起刺激,又能起到安静、平喘的作用,本发明的片剂起效快、作用强、疗程短、安全性高、无明显毒副作用。
为实现本发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种治疗咳嗽的药物制剂及其制备方法,所述制剂其由下述原料制备而得:
白葡萄球菌粉40g,糊精25g,70%糖浆(重量比)35g,淀粉5g,硬脂酸镁0.28g。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂1000片。
优选地,本发明用于止咳的白葡萄球菌片,其由下述原料制备而得:
白葡萄球菌粉40g,中药粉剂20g,糊精25g,70%糖浆(重量比)35g,淀粉5g,硬脂酸镁0.28g。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂1000片。
所述中药粉剂,由下述重量的原料制备而得:
五味子40份、石吊兰38份、核桃仁38份、桔梗38份、薏苡仁35份、
远志35份、地黄30份、板蓝根30份、麻黄30份、茯苓25份、
蒲公英25份、女贞子25份、银杏叶20份、山药20份、罗汉果20份、
紫苏叶15份、百部15份、杏仁15份、麦冬10份、甘草10份、
桂枝10份、山楂10份、车前子10份、桑叶10份、枸杞子10份、泽兰10份。
所述中药粉剂的制备方法如下:
(1)称取上述原料备用
(2)取核桃仁、桔梗、甘草、桂枝、山楂粉碎过100目筛,混合均匀,制备复合物A;
(3)取石吊兰、薏苡仁、茯苓、山药、百部、麦冬加水煎煮,第一次加5倍重量水,煎煮1小时,过滤后得到滤液和药渣,将药渣加3倍重量水煎煮半小时,过滤后获得滤液,合并两次滤液,将合并后的滤液浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物B;
(4)取剩余原料添加2倍重量75%(体积比)的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物C;
(5)均匀混合复合物A、B、C即得中药粉剂。
本发明的原料药白葡萄球菌粉(PowderedStaphylococcusAlbus)为黄褐色粉末;有似于酵母臭,无味,干燥失重≤7.0%,重金属≤0.002%,砷盐≤0.0002,含壁磷酸质以有机磷计算不得少于2.0%,符合国家药品西药标准(化学药品地标升国标第16册)编号WSI-XG-136-2002。可通过市售获得。
本发明的药物可采用现有制药领域中的常规方法生产,需要的时候可以添加各种药学上可接受的载体。所述的载体包括药学领域常规的赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体、润滑剂等。
有益效果:本发明药物的组分均采用天然的中药原料,其配制简便,药源广泛,成本低廉,其遵循中医的处方用药原则,诸药合用,相得益彰,本发明的制剂标本兼治、无副作用、可单独使用并且疗效好;并且针对中草药原料的不同采用不同的处理方式,使得药效最大限度释放出来,经临床应用验证,其疗效显著可靠,药性平和,未出现毒副作用,应用前景广阔。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于止咳的白葡萄球菌片及其制备工艺,其由下述原料制备而得:
白葡萄球菌粉40g,糊精25g,70%糖浆(重量比)35g,淀粉5g,硬脂酸镁0.28g。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂1000片。
本发明白葡萄球菌片,用法用量,一次2片,一日3次。
实施例2
用于止咳的白葡萄球菌片,其由下述原料制备而得:
白葡萄球菌粉40g,中药粉剂20g,糊精25g,70%糖浆(重量比)35g,淀粉5g,硬脂酸镁0.28g。
取上述原料,按照常规方法造粒,制备片剂1000片。
所述中药粉剂,由下述重量的原料制备而得:
五味子40份、石吊兰38份、核桃仁38份、桔梗38份、薏苡仁35份、
远志35份、地黄30份、板蓝根30份、麻黄30份、茯苓25份、
蒲公英25份、女贞子25份、银杏叶20份、山药20份、罗汉果20份、
紫苏叶15份、百部15份、杏仁15份、麦冬10份、甘草10份、
桂枝10份、山楂10份、车前子10份、桑叶10份、枸杞子10份、泽兰10份。
所述中药粉剂的制备方法如下:
(1)称取上述原料备用
(2)取核桃仁、桔梗、甘草、桂枝、山楂粉碎过100目筛,混合均匀,制备复合物A;
(3)取石吊兰、薏苡仁、茯苓、山药、百部、麦冬加水煎煮,第一次加5倍重量水,煎煮1小时,过滤后得到滤液和药渣,将药渣加3倍重量水煎煮半小时,过滤后获得滤液,合并两次滤液,将合并后的滤液浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物B;
(4)取剩余原料添加2倍重量75%(体积比)的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物C;
(5)均匀混合复合物A、B、C即得中药粉剂。
本发明白葡萄球菌片,用法用量,一次2片,一日3次。
实施例3
一、毒性实验
本实验采用健康SD大鼠,分别口服给药实施例1、实施例2制备的药物剂量梯度均为0.2g/kg以及1.0g/kg,连续给药30天,经观察大鼠给药期间及停药后1周之内动物生长状态、活动饮食、血液学、血液生化学、脏器组织结构以及尿常规等均无明显影响,表明临床用药安全可靠。
二、浓氨水喷雾法研究镇咳效果
取小鼠80只,雌雄各半,随机分为4组,每组分别灌胃给药,每天1次,连续3d。对照组给予江苏神华药业制备的白葡萄球菌片剂(成分为白葡萄球菌粉),于末次给药1h后,小鼠接受浓氨水喷雾10s,喷雾结束后,取出小鼠,观察咳嗽反应出现的时间和次数,记录小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期和3min内咳嗽次数,结果见表1
表1镇咳实验
组别 例数 给药剂量 咳嗽次数(3min)
模型对照组(生理盐水) 20 30.1±1.25
对照组 20 0.1g/Kg 21.3±1.13
实施例1组 20 0.1g/Kg 19.8±1.23
实施例2组 20 0.1g/Kg 16.1±1.07
实施例3
临床资料
本组病例选择收治门诊患者共105例,随机平均分为三个组别,对照组,实施例1组,和实施例2组,每组35人,三组在性别、年龄、病程和病情分布上无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》:(1)咳逆有声,或伴咽痒咳痰;(2)外感咳嗽,起病急,可伴有寒热等表证;(3)内伤咳嗽,每因外感反复发作,病程较长,可咳而伴喘;(4)急性期查血白细胞总数和中性粒细胞增高;(5)两肺听诊可闻及呼吸音增粗,或伴散在于湿性罗音;(6)肺部X线摄片检查,正常或肺纹理增粗。
治疗方法
实施例1组:给予实施例1制备的药物制剂,一次2片,一日3次。
实施例2组:给予实施例2制备的药物制剂,一次2片,一日3次。
对照组:江苏神华药业制备的白葡球菌片,一次3-4片,一日3至4次;
疗效评价标准
根据《中医病症诊断疗效标准》(南京:南京大学出版社,1994年)确定疗效评价标准如下:显效:咳嗽、发热、流涕、头痛、咽痛等症状消失,血象、胸片检查正常;
有效:临床症状减轻,血象、胸片检查好转;
无效:临床症状无明显改变或加重。
治疗结果:
疗效结果见下表2:
表2
组别 例数 显效 有效 无效 总有效率
对照组 35 13 12 10 71.4%
实施例1组 35 15 11 9 74.3
实施例2组 35 20 13 2 94.3%
实验组较对照组差异显著。
以上列举的仅是本发明的最佳具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种治疗咳嗽的药物制剂,其由下述原料制备而得:
白葡萄球菌粉40g,糊精25g,70%糖浆35g,淀粉5g,硬脂酸镁0.28g。
2.一种治疗咳嗽的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂由下述原料制备而得:
白葡萄球菌粉40g,中药粉剂20g,糊精25g,70%糖浆35g,淀粉5g,硬脂酸镁0.28g;
所述中药粉剂由下述重量的原料制备而得:
五味子40份、石吊兰38份、核桃仁38份、桔梗38份、薏苡仁35份、
远志35份、地黄30份、板蓝根30份、麻黄30份、茯苓25份、
蒲公英25份、女贞子25份、银杏叶20份、山药20份、罗汉果20份、
紫苏叶15份、百部15份、杏仁15份、麦冬10份、甘草10份、
桂枝10份、山楂10份、车前子10份、桑叶10份、枸杞子10份、泽兰10份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中药粉剂的制备方法如下
(1)称取上述原料备用;
(2)取核桃仁、桔梗、甘草、桂枝、山楂,粉碎过100目筛,混合均匀,制备复合物A;
(3)取石吊兰、薏苡仁、茯苓、山药、百部、麦冬,混合,加水煎煮,第一次加5倍重量水,煎煮1小时,过滤后得到滤液和药渣,将药渣加3倍重量水煎煮半小时,过滤后获得滤液,合并两次滤液,将合并后的滤液浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物B;
(4)取剩余原料,添加2倍重量75%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,60℃干燥后,粉碎获得复合物C;
(5)均匀混合复合物A、B、C即得中药粉剂。
4.权利要求1-3所述中药制剂或制备方法用于咳喘治疗的用途。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108143752A (zh) * 2018-02-28 2018-06-12 仁和堂药业有限公司 复方止咳药物制剂及其制备方法
CN108159009A (zh) * 2018-02-28 2018-06-15 仁和堂药业有限公司 一种高稳定性白葡萄球菌片剂的制备方法

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