CN104383238A - 一种用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物 - Google Patents

一种用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物 Download PDF

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CN104383238A
CN104383238A CN201410787092.2A CN201410787092A CN104383238A CN 104383238 A CN104383238 A CN 104383238A CN 201410787092 A CN201410787092 A CN 201410787092A CN 104383238 A CN104383238 A CN 104383238A
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李大刚
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物,由下述原料制备而得:浙贝母、胆南星、穿心莲、蒲公英、附子、乌梅、桂枝、鱼腥草、百合、紫苏叶、莱菔子、延胡索、金银花、桑白皮、山药、枇杷叶、肉桂、甘草、黄柏、天冬、茯苓、五加皮、桑椹、木香、玄参。各种成分之间互作配伍,协调效能,成本低廉,经临床验证,对支气管哮喘有很好的治疗效果。

Description

一种用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物
 
技术领域
本发明属于中药药物技术领域,具体的,涉及一种以中草药为原料治疗支气管哮喘的药物。
背景技术
支气管哮喘是由多种细胞特别是肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和T淋巴细胞参与的慢性气道炎症,在易感者中此种炎症可引起反复发作的喘息,气促、胸闷和(或)咳嗽等症状,多在夜间和(或)凌晨发生,气道对多种刺激因子反应性增高。但症状可自行或经治疗缓解。近十余年来,美国、英国、澳大利亚,新西兰等国家哮喘患病率和死亡率有上升趋势,全世界约有一亿哮喘患者,已成为严重威胁公众健康的一种主要慢性疾病,我国哮喘的患病率约为1%,儿童可达3%,据测算全国约有1千万以上哮喘患者。典型的哮喘,发作前有先兆症状如打喷嚏,流涕,咳嗽,胸闷等,如不及时处理,可因支气管阻塞加重而出现哮喘,严重者可被迫采取坐位或呈端坐呼吸,干咳或咯大量白色泡沫痰,甚至出现紫绀等,但一般可自行或用自行或用平喘药物等治疗后缓解,某些患者在缓解数小时后可再次发作,甚至导致哮喘持续状态。
我国中医学认为:“肺主气,司呼吸”。这里所说的“气”,一方面是指呼吸之气,一方面是指肺和其他脏腑表现在呼吸方面的功能。“肺开窍于鼻及咽喉,外合皮毛”。《素问.咳论》说:“皮毛者,肺之合也,皮毛先受邪气,邪气以从其合也”,说的是肺通过鼻咽部和皮肤毛窍与外界相通,犹如一道屏障,主管人体的防御机能。哮喘发作时邪盛于肺,但疾病的根源则与肾和脾有关,这是因为肺主气而司呼吸,但气的本在肾,肾虚则不能纳气,致使上下之气交接失常,<<类证治裁>>所称“肺为气之主,肾为气之根,肺主出气,肾主纳气,阴阳相交,呼吸乃和,若出纳升降失常,斯喘作焉。”说明了“肺主气,肾纳气,气出于肺而根于肾” 的肺肾之间的密切关系,对哮喘患者的辨证也可常见肾气虚者。肺是“贮痰之器”,而脾是“生痰之源”,如果脾失健运,则聚液成痰,上阻于肺而引发哮喘,<<证治心得>>云:“肺为气之主,而脾则肺之母也,脾肺有亏则气化不足,不足则短促而喘。”脾肾中尤以肾气的盛衰于哮喘的进退有更重要的作用。
祖国医学在治疗支气管哮喘方面积累了丰富的经验。临床上虽有内、外源性哮喘之分,本发明人认为 ,从传统中医理论和现代医学认识上,都离不开两个因素:一是体质的虚(包括身体健康状态、情绪、易过敏体质);二是外源因素的引发(致敏源,包括粉尘、风吹、冷热、干湿度、异味、花粉等)。体质的调整可通过营养、运动和运用中医药方剂如“龟鹿补肾丸” 、“肾气丸” 、“玉屏风散” 、“补中益气汤”等随证化裁以治其本是必须的,近年来,已经有不少治疗支气管哮喘的中药配方申请了发明专利,例如200510114645《一种治疗哮喘病的中药复方制剂及其制备方法》、201010221755《一种治疗支气管哮喘的中药组合物》、2011103723028《一种治疗支气管哮喘的中药》等。上述的专利申请件的配方各不相同,治疗效果也不尽相同。在医疗实践中,一般来说,中医治病效果好、基本无副作用。因此继续挖掘中药材资源,从天然药物中寻找有效、安全的药物,是临床治疗支气管哮喘的重要方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗支气管哮喘的药物。辨证论治一直是中医药治疗疾病的核心理论,如何针对主要病机用药同时兼顾次要病机,兼顾共性与个性的治疗,从而最大程度体现中医治疗疾病的内涵与外延,是中成药配伍的一个现实难题。申请人针对支气管哮喘主要病机特点,结合大量秘方根据多年的医行实践,通过对传统中药的研究,并结合辩证论证,多方收集众家之长,寻求最佳治疗方案,从大量天然药方种选取恰当的中药成分,要求既不应引起刺激,又能起到安静、平息哮喘的作用,通过持续稳定的呼吸供药,形成一个平稳、恒温、恒湿的良好呼吸环境,使哮喘患者症状能迅速得以缓解和平息,通过反复大量的组方试验和优化,按中医理论组方,提取精华,结合传统中医技术精心配制成本发明的用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物,相对于西药,本发明的中药起效快、作用强、疗程短、安全性高、无明显毒副作用。
为实现本发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物,其由下述原料制备而得:
浙贝母、胆南星、穿心莲、蒲公英、附子、乌梅、桂枝、鱼腥草、百合、紫苏叶、莱菔子、延胡索、金银花、桑白皮、山药、枇杷叶、肉桂、甘草、黄柏、天冬、茯苓、五加皮、桑椹、木香、玄参。
优选地,一种用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物,其由下述重量配比的原料制备而得:
浙贝母35份、胆南星35份、穿心莲35份、蒲公英30份、附子30份、
乌梅28份、桂枝28份、鱼腥草25份、百合25份、紫苏叶25份、
莱菔子20份、延胡索20份、金银花20份、桑白皮20份、山药15份、
枇杷叶15份、肉桂15份、甘草15份、黄柏12份、天冬12份、
茯苓10份、五加皮10份、桑椹10份、桔梗5份、玄参5份。
其制备方法优选如下:
1)称取各原料药,备用; 
2)取穿心莲、蒲公英、附子、乌梅、桂枝、鱼腥草、百合、山药、枇杷叶、肉桂、甘草、黄柏、桔梗按所述比例混合,加5倍水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,获得复合物A;
(3)取剩余成分加相对于混合物3倍重量75%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物B;
(4)将复合物A和复合物B混合搅拌均匀即得。
本发明药物的组分均采用天然的中药原料,其配制简便,药源广泛,成本低廉,其遵循中医的处方用药原则,诸药合用,相得益彰,经临床应用验证,其疗效显著可靠,药性平和,未出现毒副作用,应用前景广阔。
 
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物,其由下述重量配比的原料制备而得:
浙贝母35份、胆南星35份、穿心莲35份、蒲公英30份、附子30份、
乌梅28份、桂枝28份、鱼腥草25份、百合25份、紫苏叶25份、
莱菔子20份、延胡索20份、金银花20份、桑白皮20份、山药15份、
枇杷叶15份、肉桂15份、甘草15份、黄柏12份、天冬12份、
茯苓10份、五加皮10份、桑椹10份、桔梗5份、玄参5份。
其制备方法如下:
1)称取各原料药,备用; 
2)取穿心莲、蒲公英、附子、乌梅、桂枝、鱼腥草、百合、山药、枇杷叶、肉桂、甘草、黄柏、桔梗按所述比例混合,加5倍水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,获得复合物A;
3)取剩余成分加相对于混合物3倍重量75%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物B;
4)将复合物A和复合物B混合搅拌均匀即得。
每次口服0.3g,一日两次,30天一个疗程。
毒性实验选取健康SD大鼠20只,口服给本发明实施例1的药物,(最大浓度:药效学最佳浓度的30倍),连续给药30天,经观察大鼠给药期间及停药后1周之内动物生长状态、活动饮食、血液学、血液生化学、脏器组织结构以及尿常规等均无明显影响,表明临床用药安全可靠。
实施例2
临床资料    
本组病例选择收治门诊患者共120例,年龄25岁以下18例,26~55岁48例,56岁以上54例。120例患者随机分为治疗组(实施例1药物)60例,对照组(酮替芬)60例,两组在性别、年龄、病程和病情分布上无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
诊断标准 
哮喘的典型症状为咳嗽、气阻、咳痰、呼吸急促、喉中痰鸣、声如拉锯。 
哮喘病患者发生程度不等,咳嗽、气阻、咳痰,有时会痰中带血,严重的引起气管炎和肺管破裂,甚至不能长时间行走,上台阶困难,严重者日常生活也不得安宁。 
治疗方法 
治疗组给予实施例1制备的药物,每次口服0.3g,一日两次,30天一个疗程。
对照物给予酮替芬,1mg/片,一日两次,30天为一个疗程。
疗效评定标准 
显效:哮喘症状痊愈,恢复正常; 
好转:哮喘症状减轻,病情逐步好转; 
无效:达不到好转标准者。 
治疗结果,见下表1: 
                          表1
组别 例数 显效 好转 无效 总有效率
治疗组 60 29 25 6 90%
对照组 60 13 28 19 68%
实验组较对照组差异显著,本发明药物组明显优于酮替芬组。
 
实施例3
典型病例
周某,男53岁。初诊症见:咳喘加重2d,喘急气逆,喉中痰鸣有声,胸膈满闷如塞,咯痰色白,稀薄而有泡沫,伴有恶寒、头痛无汗,周身酸楚,舌苔薄白,舌质暗红边有瘀点,脉浮紧。查体:呼气性呼吸困难,不能平卧,口唇轻度紫绀,两肺布满哮鸣音。X线检查提示:双肺纹理增粗。诊断:支气管哮喘,病属急性发作期。逐口服本发明实施例1制备的药物,给药7日后,咳喘已平,恶寒头痛缓解,仍胸闷不适,且咯痰不爽。服药1个疗程后,胸闷已除,痰出爽利,咳喘及临床症状、体征基本消失,为痊愈。
 
以上列举的仅是本发明的最佳具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物,其特征在于,所述药物由下述原料制备而得:
浙贝母、胆南星、穿心莲、蒲公英、附子、乌梅、桂枝、鱼腥草、百合、紫苏叶、莱菔子、延胡索、金银花、桑白皮、山药、枇杷叶、肉桂、甘草、黄柏、天冬、茯苓、五加皮、桑椹、木香、玄参。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于治疗支气管哮喘的药物,其特征在于,所述药物由下述重量份的原料制备而得:
浙贝母35份、胆南星35份、穿心莲35份、蒲公英30份、附子30份、
乌梅28份、桂枝28份、鱼腥草25份、百合25份、紫苏叶25份、
莱菔子20份、延胡索20份、金银花20份、桑白皮20份、山药15份、
枇杷叶15份、肉桂15份、甘草15份、黄柏12份、天冬12份、
茯苓10份、五加皮10份、桑椹10份、桔梗5份、玄参5份。
3.权利要求1-2所述的药物,其特征在于,所述药物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)按照重量份称取各原料,备用; 
2)取穿心莲、蒲公英、附子、乌梅、桂枝、鱼腥草、百合、山药、枇杷叶、肉桂、甘草、黄柏以及桔梗,混合,加5倍重量的水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,获得复合物A;
3)取剩余原料,混合,加相对于混合物3倍重量75%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物B;
4)将复合物A和复合物B混合搅拌均匀即得。
4.权利要求1-3所述药物用于哮喘的用途。
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