CN105339403A - 聚合物,用于制备其的底物、方法和包含其的装置 - Google Patents
聚合物,用于制备其的底物、方法和包含其的装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105339403A CN105339403A CN201480019271.XA CN201480019271A CN105339403A CN 105339403 A CN105339403 A CN 105339403A CN 201480019271 A CN201480019271 A CN 201480019271A CN 105339403 A CN105339403 A CN 105339403A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- polymkeric substance
- polyazine
- organic substrates
- substrate
- organic
- Prior art date
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 176
- -1 catechol-oxydase Proteins 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 108060008724 Tyrosinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000003425 Tyrosinase Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOKPLVTMFHRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1N RUOKPLVTMFHRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003943 catecholamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSKGQVFRTSEPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CN1 ZSKGQVFRTSEPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000140 heteropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010031396 Catechol oxidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000030523 Catechol oxidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010029541 Laccase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HSOAIPRTHLEQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3,5-diacetylphenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC(C(C)=O)=CC(C(C)=O)=C1 HSOAIPRTHLEQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PHXUVJKYBSRWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N O1COCOC1.C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound O1COCOC1.C1=CC=CC=C1 PHXUVJKYBSRWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IZALUMVGBVKPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 IZALUMVGBVKPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006872 enzymatic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims 1
- IENZCGNHSIMFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 IENZCGNHSIMFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZIPLKLQPLOWLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,3-dicarbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(C=O)C(C=O)=CC2=C1 ZIPLKLQPLOWLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000006225 natural substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine hydrate Chemical compound O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- SGNZYJXNUURYCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dihydroxyindole Chemical class C1=C(O)C(O)=CC2=C1NC=C2 SGNZYJXNUURYCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azulene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001316 cycloalkyl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940071559 trioxin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- MLIWQXBKMZNZNF-KUHOPJCQSA-N (2e)-2,6-bis[(4-azidophenyl)methylidene]-4-methylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1\C(=C\C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N=[N+]=[N-])CC(C)CC1=CC1=CC=C(N=[N+]=[N-])C=C1 MLIWQXBKMZNZNF-KUHOPJCQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GBHCABUWWQUMAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydrazinoethanol Chemical compound NNCCO GBHCABUWWQUMAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJFOWGWQOFZNNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethyl-1h-pyrrole Chemical compound CC1=CNC=C1C OJFOWGWQOFZNNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000935015 Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) N-acetyl-6-hydroxytryptophan oxidase ivoB Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101710157860 Oxydoreductase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004159 Potassium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical group C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UXMAWJKSGBRJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH3][O] Chemical compound [SiH3][O] UXMAWJKSGBRJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004415 heterocyclylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KDNFLUWYIMPBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OO.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 KDNFLUWYIMPBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoic acid group Chemical group C(CCCC)(=O)O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTJLXXCARCJVPJ-TWTPFVCWSA-N (2e,4e)-hepta-2,4-diene Chemical compound CC\C=C\C=C\C XTJLXXCARCJVPJ-TWTPFVCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005206 1,2-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBNOTUDDIXOFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-indole-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C=O)=CC2=C1 SBNOTUDDIXOFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQALDKFFRYFTKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[4-(2-benzyl-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)phenyl]-2-bromo-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)phenoxy]acetic acid Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=C(Br)C=C(C=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3SC=2CC=2C=CC=CC=2)OCC(O)=O)=C1 HQALDKFFRYFTKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006040 2-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NEWKHUASLBMWRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C#CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 NEWKHUASLBMWRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006041 3-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003469 3-methylhexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbazole Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明一般涉及用于制备聚合物的底物和用于制备聚合物的方法。本发明一般还涉及聚合物和包含所述聚合物的装置。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2013年2月6日提交的美国临时申请序列号61/761,499的优先权权益,在此将其公开内容通过引用以其全部并入本文。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及用于制备聚合物的底物和用于制备聚合物的方法。本发明一般还涉及聚合物和包含其的装置。
背景技术
共轭聚合物体系已经是一个研究领域,因为一些可以提供导电和光发射和吸收特性,并因此在电子学、分子电子学和光电子学中有功用。已经由各种单体并通过各种方法以产生多种各自具有独特的物理和电特性的聚合物来制备共轭聚合物。这些聚合物包括聚乙炔、聚(吡咯)、聚苯胺、聚吖嗪、聚(对-亚苯基亚乙烯基)(poly(p-phenylenevinylene))、聚咔唑、聚吲哚、聚吖庚因(polyazepines)聚(噻吩)、聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩)、聚(对-亚苯基硫醚)、聚(芴)、聚亚苯基、聚芘、聚薁、聚萘和聚苯并咪唑。这些通常为在文献中描述的具有可变链长的线性聚合物。
聚亚芳基是支化和枝状芳族共轭聚合物的群组。通过在金属催化剂存在下,使炔或与芳族卤化物反应制备聚亚芳基。这些通常为粒状、球状或具有蜷曲(coil)形态。这些聚合物的变体包括用支化侧链或枝状结构制成的聚合物和具有与多于一个用于聚合物延伸的部位合并的支化单体的聚合物。后者的这些聚合物导致支化聚合物,其中共轭主链分叉。每种具有独特的电子、光学和磁特性。然而,由于所有这些反应是单向的,所有聚合物最终终止,形成粉末或微球,并且不形成网状固体材料。
本发明通过提供聚合物、用于制备聚合物的底物、用于制备此类聚合物的方法和包含所述聚合物的装置来解决现有技术中之前的缺点。
概述
根据本发明的实施方案涉及底物、聚合物、方法和装置。在一些实施方案中,本发明的底物可用于制备本发明的聚合物。因此,在一些实施方案中提供在此所述的底物。按照这些实施方案,在此提供在此所述的聚合物。
在此还提供用于制备本发明的聚合物的方法。本发明的一方面包括制备聚吖嗪聚合物的方法,其包括使包含至少两个醛和/或酮的有机底物与多胺反应以形成有机聚合物。
本发明的另一方面包括制备交联聚吖嗪聚合物的方法,其包括使包含至少两个醛和/或酮的有机底物与多胺反应以形成有机聚合物,并氧化所述有机聚合物以形成所述交联聚吖嗪聚合物。
本发明的另一方面提供包含本发明的聚合物的装置,例如但不限于电化学装置。
现在将关于在此描述的其它实施方案对本发明的上述和其它方面进行更详细的说明。应该意识到,本发明可以以不同形式体现,并且不应该解释为限于在此阐述的实施方案。而是,提供这些实施方案,使得本公开内容将彻底和完整,并将对本领域技术人员充分表达本发明的范围。
附图简述
图1显示以下氮杂二烯聚合物(自上而下)的合成:2,5-呋喃氮杂二烯聚合物、苯-1,3-氮杂二烯聚合物、苯-1,4-氮杂二烯聚合物、4,4-联苯基氮杂二烯聚合物、2,3-萘氮杂二烯聚合物、2,5-噻吩氮杂二烯聚合物、3,4-二甲基-2,5-吡咯氮杂二烯聚合物和苯-1,4-甲基氮杂二烯聚合物。
图2显示网状苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯聚合物的合成,其使用1,3,5-苯三甲醛和肼。
图3A显示3,4-二甲基吡咯氮杂二烯线性共轭聚合物的循环伏安法。
图4A-J显示以下物质的吸收光谱:A)苯-1,3-氮杂二烯聚合物,B)4,4-联苯基氮杂二烯聚合物,C)2,3-萘氮杂二烯聚合物,D)3,4-二甲基-2,5-吡咯氮杂二烯聚合物,E)苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯网状聚合物,F)苯-1,4-甲基氮杂二烯聚合物,G)苯-1,3,5-甲基氮杂二烯网状聚合物,H)吲哚-5-封端-2,5-呋喃氮杂二烯聚合物,I)用过硫酸铵氧化的交联的吲哚封端的苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯聚合物,J)用氯化铁氧化的交联的吲哚封端的苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯聚合物。
图5显示吲哚封端的2,5-氮杂二烯聚合物(底部)和氧化后最终的网状的吲哚封端的聚合物(顶部)。
图6A-C显示A)吲哚封端的苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯网状聚合物的合成;B)显示该聚合物用过硫酸铵氧化前(左)和氧化后(右)以生产吲哚交联苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯网状聚合物;C)显示经氧化的交联的吲哚封端的1,3,5-苯-氮杂二烯聚合物的吸收光谱;和D)显示所述聚合物的循环伏安图。
图7显示以下多官能底物(自上而下)的合成:3-吲哚氮杂二烯、硫茚-3-氮杂二烯、5-吲哚氮杂二烯和3-吡咯氮杂二烯。
发明详述
现在将在下文中对本发明进行更充分说明。然而,本发明可以以不同形式体现并且不应该解释为限于在此阐述的实施方案。而是,提供这些实施方案,使得本公开内容将彻底和完整,并将对本领域技术人员充分表达本发明的范围。
在此在本发明说明书中使用的术语仅是为了说明具体实施方案的目的,并且不意图限制本发明。如本发明说明书和所附权利要求书中所用的,除非上下文中另有明确说明,单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“这个”意图也包括复数形式。
除非另有限定,在此使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)具有与本发明所属领域技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。将进一步理解,术语,例如在常用字典中定义的那些,应该解释为具有与本申请的上下文和相关技术领域中它们的含义一致的含义,并且不应该从理想化或过度正式的意义来解释,除非在此清楚地如此定义。在此在本发明说明书中使用的术语仅是为了说明具体实施方案的目的,并且不意图限制本发明。对于与在其中提出参考的句子和/或段落相关的教导,在此提及的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其它参考通过引用以其全部并入。如果术语中存在矛盾,则以本说明书为准。
还如在此所用的,“和/或”表示并包括一种或多种相关的列出的项目的任何和全部可能组合,以及当以替代(“或”)解释时,不存在组合。
除非上下文中另有说明,明确地意在在此说明的本发明的各种特征可以以任何组合使用。
此外,本发明还考虑,在本发明的一些实施方案中,可以排除或省略在此阐述的任何特征或特征的组合。举例而言,如果说明书陈述复合物(complex)包含组分A、B和C,则其明确意在可以省略和放弃A、B或C或其组合中的任一项。
如在此所用的,连接词组“基本由…组成”(及语法变型)解释为包括列举的材料或步骤和“不实质上影响要求保护的本发明的基础特征和新颖特征(一个或多个)的那些”。参见关于Herz,537F.2d549,551-52,190U.S.P.Q.461,463(CCPA1976)(着重为原文所有);还参见MPEP§2111.03。因此,如在此所用的术语“基本由…组成”不应该解释为等同于“包括”。
如在此所用的术语“约”,当表示可测量值,例如量或浓度等时,意在表示规定值的多至±20%的变化,例如但不限于规定值的±10%、±5%、±1%、±0.5%或甚至±0.1%,以及规定值。例如,“约X”,其中X为可测量值,可以包括X以及X的±20%、±10%、±5%、±1%、±0.5%或±0.1%的变化。在此提供的可测量值的范围可以包括任何其它范围和/或其中的单个值。
将理解的是,当元件或层被称为在另一元件或层“之上”、“连接至”另一元件或层或与另一元件或层“结合”时,它可以直接在该其它元件或层之上、连接至该其它元件或层或与该其它元件或层结合,或者可以存在介于中间的元件或层。相比之下,当元件被称为直接在另一元件或层“之上”、“直接连接至”另一元件或层或与另一元件或层“直接结合”时,不存在介于中间的元件或层。
如在此所用的“部分(Moiety)”或“部分(moieties)”表示分子的部分,例如底物的部分,其通常具有特别的官能或结构特征。例如,部分可以包括连接基团(连接分子的至少两个其它部分的分子的部分)。在一些实施方案中,部分可以是底物的反应部分。
如在此所用的描述化学结构、基团或部分的“取代”表示包含一个或多个取代基的结构、基团或部分。如在此所用的,在其中第一基团被第二基团“取代”的情况下,第二基团连接至第一基团,由此第一基团的部分(通常为氢)被第二基团取代。被取代的基团可以含有一个或多个可为相同或不同的取代基。
如在此所用的“取代基”涉及取代化学结构中另一基团的基团。典型的取代基包括非氢原子(例如卤素)、官能团(例如但不限于氨基、氢硫基、羰基、羟基、烷氧基、羧基、甲硅烷基、甲硅烷基氧基、磷酸酯基等)、烃基和被一个或多个杂原子取代的烃基。示例性的取代基包括但不限于烷基、低级烷基、卤基(halo)、卤代烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环、杂环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、低级烷氧基、硫代烷基、羟基、硫基、巯基、氨基、亚氨基、卤基、氰基、硝基、亚硝基、叠氮基、羧基、硫醚(sulfide)、砜、硫氧基(sulfoxy)、磷酰基、甲硅烷基、甲硅烷基烷基、甲硅烷基氧基、硼羰基(boronyl)和改性的低级烷基。
如在此所用的单独或作为另一基团的部分的“烷基”表示含有1-30或更多个碳原子的线性(“直链”)、支链和/或环状烃。在一些实施方案中,烷基可以含有1、2或3,多至4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29或30个碳原子。烷基的代表性实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正-丙基、异-丙基、正-丁基、仲-丁基、异-丁基、叔-丁基、正-戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正-己基、3-甲基己基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基戊基、正-庚基、正-辛基、正-壬基、正-癸基等。如在此所用的“低级烷基”为烷基的子集,并表示含有1-4个碳原子的直链或支链烃基团。低级烷基的代表性实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正-丙基、异-丙基、正-丁基、异-丁基、叔-丁基等。除非另有说明,术语“烷基”或“低级烷基”意在包括取代和未取代的烷基或低级烷基二者,并且这些基团可以被以下基团取代,例如但不限于聚环氧烷(例如PEG)、卤基(例如卤代烷基)、烷基、卤代烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂环、杂环烷基、羟基、烷氧基(由此生产聚烷氧基,例如聚乙二醇)、烯基氧基、炔基氧基、卤代烷氧基、环烷氧基、环烷基烷基氧基、芳基氧基、芳基烷基氧基、杂环氧基、杂环烷基氧基、巯基、烷基-S(O)m、卤代烷基-S(O)m、烯基-S(O)m、炔基-S(O)m、环烷基-S(O)m、环烷基烷基-S(O)m、芳基-S(O)m、芳基烷基-S(O)m、杂环-S(O)m、杂环烷基-S(O)m、氨基、羧基、烷基氨基、烯基氨基、炔基氨基、卤代烷基氨基、环烷基氨基、环烷基烷基氨基、芳基氨基、芳基烷基氨基、杂环氨基、杂环烷基氨基、双取代的氨基、酰氨基、酰氧基、酯、酰胺、磺酰胺、脲、烷氧基酰氨基、氨基酰氧基、硝基或氰基,其中m=0、1、2或3。
如在此所用的单独或作为另一基团的部分的“烯基”表示含有1-30或更多个碳原子(或在低级烯基中1-4个碳原子)的线性(“直链”)、支链和/或环状烃,其在烃链中包含1-10或更多个双键。在一些实施方案中,烯基可以含有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29或30个碳原子。烯基的代表性实例包括但不限于亚甲基(=CH2)、乙烯基(-CH=CH2)、烯丙基(-CH2CH=CH2)、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、4-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、2,4-庚二烯等。除非另有说明,术语“烯基”或“低级烯基”意在包括取代和未取代的烯基或低级烯基二者,并且这些基团可以被例如以上描述的与烷基和低级烷基有关的那些基团取代。
如在此所用的“共轭”表示包含至少两个双键,在两个双键之间具有单键的部分或化合物。因此,共轭化合物包含两个被单键相间的双键。例如,二烯可以是共轭的。共轭二烯在相邻碳上包含双键;即两个双键被一个单键分开。在共轭二烯中,存在四个相邻的三角的、sp 2 -杂化的碳。每个碳带有包含一个电子的p轨道。不仅每个双键的p轨道对重叠以形成π-键,而且在正式的碳-碳单键两端也存在一些重叠。
共轭双键的实例描述如下:
共轭部分和/或化合物的其它实例为在共轭体系内包含两个更多个氮原子的那些,如以下举例说明的:
在某些实施方案中,共轭部分或化合物可以是芳族的。在此所用的术语“芳基”表示芳族部分或化合物。“芳基”可以是单个芳环或稠合在一起,共价键合的或键合至共用基团(例如但不限于亚甲基或亚乙基部分)的多个芳环。共用连接基团也可以是羰基,如在二苯甲酮中,或是氧,如在二苯醚中,或是氮,如在二苯胺中。术语“芳基”特别地包括杂环芳族化合物。芳环(一个或多个)可以尤其包括苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、联苯基、薁基(azulenyl)、茚满基、茚基、二苯醚、二苯胺、吡啶基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡嗪基、吡咯基、吡喃基、异苯并呋喃基、苯并吡喃基、呫吨基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、中氮茚基、三唑基、哒嗪基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、喹嗪基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、酞嗪基、1,5-二氮杂萘基(naphthyridinyl)、喹喔啉基、异噻唑基、苯并[b]噻吩基和二苯甲酮。在具体实施方案中,术语“芳基”表示包含约5至约50或更多个碳原子的环状芳族,并包含5-和6-元烃和杂环芳环。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的底物可以包括共轭部分和/或可以是共轭的。在一些实施方案中,本发明的底物可以包括芳族部分和/或可以是芳族的。
如在此所用的,“多胺”表示包含两个或更多个胺的化合物。多胺可以包含2、3、4、5、6、7或更多个胺。多胺可以包含两个或更多个可以为伯胺基的末端和/或侧胺基。在一些实施方案中,多胺包含两个胺,并因此是二胺。在一些实施方案中,多胺包含三个胺,并因此是三胺。示例性的多胺包括但不限于肼、三氨基苯、乙二胺及其任意组合。
如在此所用的,“一元羰基化合物”表示仅含有一个羰基的化合物。一元羰基化合物可以包括醛(即一元醛)或酮(即一元酮)。在一些实施方案中,一元羰基化合物具有以下结构:
其中
R为共轭和/或芳族部分;和
R1选自氢、烷基和亚烷基。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,在此提供可用于制备共轭聚合物的底物。如在此所用的,“底物”表示可以聚合以形成聚合物的化合物。可以使用化学氧化聚合、酶氧化聚合和/或缩合反应使底物聚合。在一些实施方案中,可以通过酶对底物和/或聚合物起作用。例如,底物可以被酶氧化。在其它实施方案中,可不通过酶对底物起作用。在一些实施方案中,酶可以是氧化酶。如在此所用的,“氧化酶”表示氧化底物的酶。示例性的氧化酶包括但不限于酚氧化酶、多酚氧化酶、儿茶酚氧化酶、酪氨酸酶、漆酶、一元酚单氧酶、酚酶、一元酚氧化酶、甲酚酶、一元酚酶、酪氨酸-多巴氧化酶、一元酚单氧化酶、一元酚二羟苯丙氨酸:氧氧化还原酶、N-乙酰基-6-羟色氨酸氧化酶、二羟基-L-苯丙氨酸氧氧化还原酶、邻-二酚:O2氧化还原酶、儿茶酚酶、邻-二酚氧化酶、一元酚氧化酶、甲酚酶及其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,可以使用氧化剂使底物和/或聚合物聚合。示例性的氧化剂包括但不限于过硫酸铵、氯化铁(III)、过氧化氢、过氧化脲、过氧化三聚氰胺、过硼酸钠、过硼酸钾、过碳酸钠、过碳酸钾、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、硝酸铁、硝酸铈二铵、硫酸铁、臭氧、高碘酸钾及其任意组合。
底物可以是合成底物或天然底物,其任一种都可以使用化学氧化聚合和/或酶氧化聚合而聚合。如在此所用的关于底物的“合成”表示底物不是氧化酶的天然底物。因此,在自然中未找到作为氧化酶的底物的合成底物,并且因此合成底物是非天然底物。在一些实施方案中,可以合成地制备合成底物,并且任选地,一种或多种化合物可以得自或衍生自自然,并用于合成地制备合成底物。
如在此所用的关于底物的“天然”表示底物是氧化酶的天然底物。因此,在自然中找到作为氧化酶的底物的天然底物。在一些实施方案中,可以合成地制备天然底物,并且任选地,一种或多种化合物可以得自或衍生自自然,并用于合成地制备天然底物。
如在此所用的“有机”表示包含碳的化合物、底物和/或聚合物。在一些实施方案中,有机底物可以包含金属,例如但不限于铜、金、铝、锂、钙、钠、钨、锌、铁、铂、锡、镁、铅、钛、钾、银、铷及其任意组合。在某些实施方案中,有机底物暴露于金属和/或含金属的化合物,与其接触和/或用其掺杂,使得金属变得与底物合并和/或与底物形成复合物。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的底物是多官能的。如在此所用的关于底物的“多官能的”表示包含至少两个部分的有机底物,设置所述部分以在多于一个方向提供聚合。多官能有机底物可以包含2、3、4、5或更多个可为相同和/或不同的部分。在一些实施方案中,多官能底物可以为合成底物。在其它实施方案中,多官能底物可以为天然底物。示例性的多官能有机底物包括但不限于图式1中显示的那些。
图式1:包含两个用于聚合的部分的示例性的多官能有机底物。
在一些实施方案中,多官能有机底物包含至少两个反应部分。在某些实施方案中,多官能有机底物包含至少三个反应部分。如在此所用的“反应部分(moiety)”和“反应部分(moieties)”表示可以被氧化酶和/或氧化剂氧化的部分。示例性的反应部分包括但不限于吲哚、吡咯、儿茶酚、酪氨酰、儿茶酚胺、硫茚、其衍生物及其任意组合。在某些实施方案中,底物包含一个或多个反应部分,其选自6-羟基吲哚、5-羟基吲哚、5,6-二羟基吲哚、其衍生物及其任意组合。如在此所用的“衍生物”及其语法变型表示由,或可以认为由结构上相关的化合物形成的化合物。在一些实施方案中,衍生物可以连接至化合物和/或是化合物的一部分。因此,衍生物可以表示连接至母体化合物的部分,并且因此部分的一个或多个基团(通常为氢原子)可以被除去以将所述部分连接至母体化合物。例如,图式1的底物1显示各自分别连接至母体化合物的两个吲哚衍生物。
在某些实施方案中,反应部分可以包括共轭部分。本发明的底物可以包含一个或多个,例如2、3、4或更多个反应部分,所述反应部分各自可以包括共轭部分。在一些实施方案中,反应部分可以包括芳族部分。本发明的底物可以包含一个或多个,例如2、3、4或更多个反应部分,所述反应部分各自可以包括芳族部分。
如本领域技术人员将认识到的,聚合反应可以发生于或涉及部分内的一个或多个反应部位。因此,反应部分可以具有至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多个反应部位。例如,如图式2中所示,对于5,6-二羟基吲哚,聚合可以在C2、C3、C4和/或C7位置发生或进行,并且可以在这些反应部位中的至少一个与另一反应部分的至少一个反应部位之间生成键。
图式2:5,6-二羟基吲哚的化学结构。
本发明的底物的部分内的反应部位可以被取代基,例如但不限于烷基修饰和/或阻隔。这可以使聚合反应发生于或涉及底物的反应部分内的一个或多个不同反应部位。
本发明的底物可以包含两个或更多个可以通过连接体(linker)接合的反应部分。如在此所用的“连接体”表示用作两个或更多个可为相同和/或不同的反应部分的连接点的部分。两个或更多个反应部分可以共价键合至连接体或可以稠合(fuse)至连接体。连接体可以是共轭部分,并且在一些实施方案中,连接体可以是芳族部分。在某些实施方案中,本发明的方法可以导致成为共轭的连接体。例如,使用氧化酶或氧化剂的底物的聚合可以导致共轭的连接体。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的底物是单体的。如在此所用的关于底物的“单体的”表示底物尚未键合或结合至另一底物。因此,底物不是低聚或聚合的。尽管底物可以在底物内具有一个或多个相同部分,但是单体底物不包括已经键合在一起的两个或更多个底物。例如,图式1中提供的底物是单体的,因为它们尚未键合至另一底物。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的底物包括在此说明的底物。在某些实施方案中,本发明的底物包括图式1中提供的底物和/或在此提供的实施例中说明的底物。本发明的底物可用于制备本发明的聚合物。在一些实施方案中,底物,其可以是多官能有机底物,其可以是合成的,可以包含具有连接的两个或更多个反应部分的共轭部分。共轭部分可以包含–C=N–N=C–单元和/或芳基。如在此所用的“单元”可与术语“链段”交换使用。两个或更多个反应部分可以是相同和/或不同的,并且可以包括吲哚衍生物、吡咯衍生物、儿茶酚衍生物、酪氨酰衍生物、硫茚衍生物和/或儿茶酚胺衍生物。在一些实施方案中,底物可以包含三个反应部分。在一些实施方案中,反应部分可以通过可以是共轭的连接体团连接至共轭部分。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的聚合物包括在此所述的聚合物。在某些实施方案中,本发明的聚合物包括在此提供的实施例中说明的聚合物,例如但不限于表1中提供的聚合物。本发明的方法可用于制备本发明的聚合物。在一些实施方案中,本发明的底物可用于本发明的方法中以制备本发明的聚合物。
本发明的聚合物可以是网状的。
如在此所用的关于本发明的聚合物的“网状的”表示交联聚合物(即包含一个或多个直接通过共价连接和/或通过部分或基团键合在一起的聚合物链的聚合物),其中交联聚合物的聚合物链在聚合物链内在两个或更多个位置互相连接。在一些实施方案中,本发明的网状聚合物中的交联键(cross-link)(即连接一个或多个聚合物链的键(linkage))包含共轭部分。在某些实施方案中,本发明的交联和/或网状聚合物可以包含–C=N–N=C–单元和/或–C=N–R–N=C–单元,其中R为共轭部分和/或芳基。在一些实施方案中,本发明的交联和/或网状聚合物的一个或多个交联键可以包括–C=N–N=C–单元和/或–C=N–R–N=C–单元,其中R为共轭部分和/或芳基。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,提供制备聚吖嗪聚合物的方法,其包括使包含至少两个醛和/或酮的有机底物与多胺反应以形成有机聚吖嗪聚合物。所述方法还可以包括氧化所述有机聚吖嗪聚合物以形成交联聚吖嗪聚合物。氧化步骤可以通过使用氧化酶的酶氧化聚合和/或通过使用氧化剂的化学氧化聚合来进行。有机底物可以是天然或合成底物。
在一些实施方案中,有机底物可以是二醛和/或三醛,并且多胺可以是二胺和/或三胺。在图式3中显示二胺和二醛之间的示例性的反应图式,其中R为共轭部分和/或芳基,并且n为2-1,000,000的数。
图式3:示例性的二胺和二醛的反应(R为共轭部分和/或芳基,并且n为2-1,000,000的数)。
因此,聚吖嗪聚合物,其可以是交联和/或网状的,可以包含具有以下中一个或多个的结构的单元:
其中R为共轭部分和/或芳基。
在图式4中显示其它的二醛和/或三醛与二胺和/或三胺之间的示例性的反应图式,其中R和R'各自独立地为共轭部分和/或芳基,并且n为2-1,000,000的数。
图式4:示例性的二胺和/或三胺与二醛和/或三醛的反应(R和R'各自独立地为共轭部分和/或芳基,并且n为2-1,000,000的数)。
因此,聚吖嗪聚合物,其可以是交联和/或网状的,可以包含具有以下中一个或多个的结构的单元:
其中R和R'各自独立地为共轭部分和/或芳基。
包含至少两个醛和/或酮的有机底物可以包含共轭部分。在一些实施方案中,包含至少两个醛和/或酮的有机底物可以包含芳族部分。任选地,所述至少两个醛和/或酮可以连接和/或键合至芳族部分。在一些实施方案中,有机底物可以具有式(I)的结构:
其中
R为共轭和/或芳族部分;和
R1和R2各自独立地选自氢、烷基和烯基。使用具有式(I)的结构的底物制备的有机聚合物可以具有包括(RC(R1)NNCR2)nRC(O)R1、(RC(R1)NNCR2)nRC(O)R2或(RC(R1)NNCR2)nCNN的结构,其中n为为2-1,000,000的数,并且R1和R2各自独立地选自氢、烷基和烯基。
根据一些实施方案的有机底物可以包含至少三个醛和/或酮,并且在一些实施方案中可以与多胺反应以形成网状有机聚吖嗪聚合物。在一些实施方案中,有机底物可以具有式(II)的结构:
其中
R为共轭和/或芳族部分;和
R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、烷基和烯基。使用具有式(II)的结构的底物制备的有机聚合物可以具有包括
((RC(R1)NNCR1)(RC(R2)NNCR2)(RC(R3)NNCR3))nRC(O)R1、((RC(R1)NNCR1)(RC(R2)NNCR2)(RC(R3)NNCR3))nRCnRC(O)R2、((RC(R1)NNCR1)(RC(R2)NNCR2)(RC(R3)NNCR3))nRCnRC(O)R3或((RC(R1)NNCR1)(RC(R2)NNCR2)(RC(R3)NNCR3))nRCnCNN的结构,其中n为2-1,000,000的数,并且R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、烷基和烯基。
在某些实施方案中,有机底物可以包括吲哚、吡咯、苯酚、噻吩、呋喃、硫茚、乙炔、儿茶酚、酪氨酰、儿茶酚胺、苯基、苯、萘、联苯基、其衍生物及其任意组合。在一些实施方案中,有机底物包括吲哚或其衍生物和/或吡咯或其衍生物,其可以被至少两个醛和/或酮取代。
在一些实施方案中,制备聚吖嗪聚合物的方法可以包括使包含至少两个醛和/或酮的有机底物与多胺反应以形成有机聚吖嗪聚合物和使有机聚吖嗪聚合物与包含至少两个醛和/或酮的第二有机底物和多胺反应以形成第二有机聚吖嗪聚合物。在一些实施方案中,第二有机底物不同于第一有机底物,并因此可以形成杂聚物。如在此所用的“杂聚物”表示包含两个或更多个不同聚合单元的有机聚合物。所述方法还可以包括氧化第二有机聚吖嗪聚合物以形成交联聚吖嗪聚合物。
在制备聚吖嗪聚合物,例如但不限于交联聚吖嗪聚合物的方法中的一个或多个步骤之前或与其同时,可以向底物和/或反应混合物添加金属。因此,底物、有机聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联聚吖嗪聚合物可以用金属、离子液体、离聚物和/或其类似物掺杂。在一些实施方案中,用金属掺杂底物、有机聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联聚吖嗪聚合物可以提高有机聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联聚吖嗪聚合物的电特性。在某些实施方案中,氧化步骤用可以氧化有机聚吖嗪聚合物和/或掺杂有机聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联的聚吖嗪聚合物的反应物进行,所述反应物例如但不限于氯化铁(III)、过硫酸铵、过氧化氢、过氧化脲、过氧化三聚氰胺、过硼酸钠、过硼酸钾、过碳酸钠、过碳酸钾、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、硝酸铁、硝酸铈二铵、硫酸铁、臭氧、高碘酸钾及其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,制备交联聚吖嗪聚合物的方法可以包括在氧化步骤之前,使一元羰基化合物与有机聚吖嗪聚合物和多胺反应。有机聚吖嗪聚合物与多胺和一元羰基化合物的反应可以导致封端的有机聚吖嗪聚合物,意味着可将一元羰基化合物添加至一个或多个聚合物链的末端上。在一些实施方案中,一元羰基化合物具有结构
其中
R为共轭和/或芳族部分;和
R1选自氢、烷基和烯基。
本发明的底物和/或本发明的方法可以提供共轭有机聚合物,其可以是交联和/或网状的。在一些实施方案中,本发明的底物和/或本发明的方法可以提供有机聚吖嗪聚合物,其可以是交联和/或网状的。本发明的聚吖嗪聚合物本身可以是新颖的和/或可以具有新颖的电特性和/或光发射特性和/或光吸收特性。在一些实施方案中,本发明的聚吖嗪聚合物不包括2,5-呋喃氮杂二烯聚合物、2,5-噻吩氮杂二烯聚合物、苯-1,4-二甲醛和/或1,4-苯氮杂二烯聚合物。本发明的聚合物(例如聚吖嗪聚合物、交联聚吖嗪聚合物等)可以具有小于约3eV的能带间隙,例如但不限于约0至约2.75eV,约1至约2.5eV或约1.5至约2eV的能带间隙。
根据本发明的其它实施方案,提供包含本发明的聚合物,例如但不限于聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联聚吖嗪聚合物的电化学装置。根据本发明的实施方案的电化学装置可以包含工作电极、对电极和本发明的聚合物(例如聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联聚吖嗪聚合物),其中所述工作电极与所述对电极可操作地连通,并且聚合物与所述工作电极或所述对电极可操作地连通。在某些实施方案中,聚合物可以是共轭的,并且可以任选地包含金属。聚合物可以具有小于约3eV的能带间隙。
在一些实施方案中,将本发明的聚合物(例如聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联聚吖嗪聚合物)配置在至少部分工作电极上。聚合物可以直接或间接与至少部分工作电极接触。在某些实施方案中,可以将本发明的聚合物(例如聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联聚吖嗪聚合物)插入工作电极和对电极之间。在一些实施方案中,电化学装置包含本发明的聚合物(例如聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联聚吖嗪聚合物),所述聚合物可以为与工作电极和/或对电极接触或在其上的涂层的形式。
本发明的电化学装置包括进行电化学反应,包括但不限于光电反应的所有类型的装置。示例性的电化学装置包括但不限于电池组;燃料电池;太阳能电池;发光二极管,其包括有机发光二极管;发光电化学电池;晶体管;感光鼓(photo-conductordrum);记忆装置;电容器,包括超级电容器(supercapacitor)、超电容器(ultracapacitor)和/或电双层电容器;无线射频识别装置(RFID);或由其组合形成的装置;及其任意组合。在一些实施方案中,发光二极管包含本发明的聚合物(例如聚吖嗪聚合物和/或交联聚吖嗪聚合物)。
在以下非限制性实施例中对本发明进行更详细说明。
实施例
实施例1
如下合成聚吖嗪聚合物。使0.2g各种二甲醛与0.03g一水合肼(65%)或0.1g三氨基苯在15ml乙醇或乙腈中反应以产生氮杂二烯聚合物(表1)。在一些情况下,如用酮将pH调节至约5.0。在一些情况下,如表1中所述,通过使经洗涤的氮杂二烯聚合物与0.1g吲哚醛或吡咯醛和0.015g一水合肼(15%)在5ml乙醇或乙腈中反应,通过在聚合物链末端上添加吲哚或吡咯部分对这些聚合物进一步修饰(即封端)。这导致封端的聚合物,其末端被一个或多个吲哚或吡咯基团封端。随后用过量的0.8M过硫酸铵使一些封端的聚合物交联。
对于一些聚合物,测定电阻率、HOMO/LUMO、带隙和状态(表2)。为了电阻率,将聚合物用碘蒸气在密封腔室中掺杂直至七天。通过2点法,使用keithley型号2110-120-GPIB数字万用表测量电阻率。
用使用银/氯化银参比电极、铂对电极和玻璃碳工作电极的Bio-LogicSP-150恒电位仪测量轨道能量水平。电势关于二茂铁做出参照(reference)。将工作溶液在氩气下脱气,用在乙腈中的0.1M四丁基六氟磷酸铵作为支持电解质。在溶液中以及还以薄膜(可能的话)形式测量电势。
对一些聚合物还测量UV-可见吸光度。将聚合物溶解在合适的溶剂(一种或多种)中,所述溶剂包括水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、甲酚、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或乙腈。用ShimadzuUVmini1240在200-1000nm波长范围内测量吸光度,对每种聚合物用合适的溶剂校准。
聚合物结构描述在图式5中。
图1显示氮杂二烯聚合物的合成。图2显示网状苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯聚合物的合成,其使用1,3,5-苯三甲醛和肼。图3显示3,4-二甲基吡咯氮杂二烯线性共轭聚合物的循环伏安法。图4A-J显示对以下物质的吸收光谱:A)苯-1,3-氮杂二烯聚合物,B)4,4-联苯基氮杂二烯聚合物,C)2,3-萘氮杂二烯聚合物,D)3,4-二甲基-2,5-吡咯氮杂二烯聚合物,E)苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯网状聚合物,F)苯-1,4-甲基氮杂二烯聚合物,G)苯-1,3,5-甲基氮杂二烯网状聚合物,H)吲哚-5-封端-2,5-呋喃氮杂二烯聚合物,I)用过硫酸铵氧化的交联的吲哚封端的苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯聚合物,J)用氯化铁氧化的交联的吲哚封端的苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯聚合物。
图式5:聚吖嗪聚合物结构。
实施例2
如下合成呋喃2,5-氮杂二烯的聚吖嗪聚合物。使0.2g呋喃2,5-二甲醛与30μl一水合肼(65%)在15ml乙醇中反应以产生呋喃2,5-氮杂二烯聚合物(图式6)。
图式6:用于呋喃2,5-氮杂二烯聚合物的反应。
通过使乙醇洗涤的聚合物(0.05g)与0.05g吲哚-5-甲醛或0.05g吡咯-2-甲醛和12μl一水合肼(65%)在5ml乙腈中反应以分别产生吲哚或吡咯封端的聚合物,通过在聚合物链末端上添加吲哚或吡咯部分对该聚合物进一步修饰。随后通过与过量的0.8M过硫酸铵反应将这些聚合物交联成为网状晶格。图5显示吲哚封端的2,5-氮杂二烯聚合物(底部)和氧化后最终的网状的吲哚封端的聚合物(顶部)。
实施例3
制备吲哚封端的1,3,5-苯氮杂二烯网状聚合物。使0.25g1,3,5-三甲醛与100μl一水合肼(65%)在10ml乙腈中反应。向所述混合物添加1g5-羧基吲哚以终止聚合反应,同时封端聚合物链的延伸。图6A显示吲哚封端的苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯网状聚合物的合成,所述聚合物随后与氧化剂过硫酸铵或FeCl3其中任一反应,以交联吲哚,由此生产吲哚交联的苯-1,3,5-氮杂二烯网状聚合物。如图6B中所示,当用过硫酸铵氧化聚合物时,所述聚合物在氧化交联时由白色乳状胶体溶液转变成为深红/黑色沉淀物。图6C显示经氧化的交联的吲哚封端的1,3,5-苯-氮杂二烯聚合物的吸收光谱。通过将经氧化的聚合物的可溶部分溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中,并在ShimadzuUV/Vismini1240上从180nm-1100nm读取吸光度来测定吸收光谱。进行循环伏安法以测定聚合物的HOMO、LUMO和带隙(图6D)。将聚合物热蒸发至玻璃碳电极上,并用使用银/氯化银参比电极、铂对电极和玻璃碳工作电极的Bio-LogicSP-150恒电位仪进行循环伏安法以测量轨道能量水平。电势关于二茂铁做出参照。将工作溶液在氩气下脱气,用在乙腈中的0.1M四丁基六氟磷酸铵作为支持电解质。在溶液中以及还以薄膜(可能的话)的形式测量电势。
实施例4
如表3中所述合成多官能有机底物。
表3:二聚体交联底物。
反应物1 | 反应物2 | 溶剂 | 产物 |
吲哚-3-甲醛 | 肼 | 乙醇 | 吲哚-3-氮杂二烯 |
吲哚-5-甲醛 | 肼 | 乙醇 | 吲哚-5-氮杂二烯 |
吡咯-3-甲醛 | 肼 | 乙醇 | 吡咯-3-氮杂二烯 |
硫茚-3-甲醛 | 肼 | 乙醇 | 硫茚-3-氮杂二烯 |
图7显示(自上而下)3-吲哚氮杂二烯、硫茚-3-氮杂二烯、5-吲哚氮杂二烯和3-吡咯氮杂二烯的合成。
上述内容是对本发明的举例说明,并且不解释为对其的限制。通过以下权利要求书及待包括于其中的权利要求的等同内容对本发明进行限定。对于与在其中提出参考的句子和/或段落相关的教导,在此引述的所有出版物、专利申请、专利、专利公布和其它参考通过引用以其全部并入。
Claims (26)
1.制备交联聚吖嗪聚合物的方法,其包括:
使包含至少两个醛和/或酮的有机底物与多胺反应以形成有机聚合物;和
氧化所述有机聚合物以形成所述交联聚吖嗪聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述氧化步骤通过酶氧化聚合来进行。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中所述酶聚合使用氧化酶进行,所述氧化酶选自酚氧化酶、多酚氧化酶、儿茶酚氧化酶、酪氨酸酶、漆酶及其任意组合。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述氧化步骤通过使用氧化剂的化学氧化聚合进行。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机底物包含共轭部分。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机底物包含芳族部分。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机底物包括吲哚、吡咯、苯酚、噻吩、呋喃、硫茚、乙炔、儿茶酚、酪氨酰、苯基、苯、萘、联苯基、儿茶酚胺、其衍生物及其任意组合。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述至少两个醛和/或酮各自连接至芳族部分。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机底物包括被所述至少两个醛和/或酮取代的吲哚或吡咯。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机底物包含至少三个醛和/或酮。
11.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述多胺选自肼、三氨基苯及其任意组合。
12.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述交联聚吖嗪聚合物为杂聚物。
13.根据权利要求1的方法,其还包括在所述氧化步骤之前,使所述有机聚合物与包含至少两个醛和/或酮的第二有机底物和多胺反应。
14.根据权利要求1的方法,其还包括在所述氧化步骤之前,使一元羰基化合物与所述有机聚合物和多胺反应以形成封端的有机聚合物。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中所述一元羰基化合物具有结构
,
其中
R为共轭部分;和
R1选自氢、烷基和烯基。
16.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机底物具有结构
,
其中
R为共轭部分;和
R1和R2各自独立地选自氢、烷基和烯基。
17.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机底物具有结构
,
其中
R为共轭部分;和
R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自氢、烷基和烯基。
18.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机底物包含金属。
19.电化学装置,其包含工作电极;对电极;和权利要求1的所述网状聚吖嗪聚合物,其中所述工作电极与所述对电极可操作地连通,并且所述交联聚吖嗪聚合物与所述工作电极或所述对电极可操作地连通。
20.根据权利要求19的电化学装置,其中所述交联聚吖嗪聚合物被配置在至少部分工作电极上。
21.根据权利要求19的电化学装置,其中所述电化学装置为电池组、燃料电池、电容器或由其组合形成的装置、超级电容器、超电容器或电双层电容器。
22.聚合物,其通过使有机底物与肼或三氨基苯反应以形成所述聚合物而制备,所述有机底物选自苯-1,3-二甲醛、4,4-联苯基二甲醛、2,3-萘二甲醛、3,4-二甲基-2,5-吡咯二甲醛、苯-1,3,5-三甲醛、1,4-二乙酰苯和1,3,5-三乙酰苯。
23.根据权利要求22的聚合物,其中通过用过硫酸铵或氯化铁(III)氧化所述聚合物来进一步制备所述聚合物。
24.根据权利要求22的聚合物,其中通过使所述聚合物与肼和底物反应来进一步制备所述聚合物,所述底物选自吲哚-5-甲醛、吡咯-2-甲醛和5-羧基吲哚。
25.根据权利要求22的聚合物,其中所述聚合物包含具有–C=N–N=C–结构的部分。
26.根据权利要求22的聚合物,其中所述有机底物为3,4-二甲基-2,5-吡咯二甲醛,并且所述有机底物与肼反应。
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GB201505530D0 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-05-13 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Improved charge storage device and system |
CN114621407B (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2023-03-28 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 吖嗪基COFs共价有机骨架材料的制备及应用 |
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