CN105325286B - A kind of method for improving quinoa hybrid rate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, small and complicated unsuitable emasculation is spent to solve quinoa, there is provided a kind of method for improving quinoa hybrid rate for the problem of bringing very big obstacle to quinoa breeding work.Chamber planting, Selection parent, top bud processing, isolation, emasculation, pollination obtains hybrid seed, and solving quinoa using magnifying glass auxiliary inoculation loop technique spends the problem of small emasculation is difficult.Determine that optimal pollination time is the morning 9 by micro- sem observation and practical operation effect:30 and afternoon 3:00 or so.Using 3:1 pattern is the maternal live body pollination of three plants of one plant of male parents, and Pollen Activity is strong, and the duration at florescence is long.Pollinated using the method touched between vibrating head, stronger than traditional thrum method and vibratory drilling method regularity, handling more preferably vibration amplitude is small, intensity is big, does not fly away more than the pollen amount that comes off and on four sides, column cap pollination rate is higher, hybrid rate is up to 35% 40%.

Description

A kind of method for improving quinoa hybrid rate

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of method of raising quinoa hybrid rate.

Background technology

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) originates in South America andes region, is print plus aborigines Main conventional food, there is the 5000-7000 plantation history of many years, because it has unique abundant, comprehensive nutritive value, supports Print plus nationality are educated, ancient times Inca is referred to as " mother of grain ".Without attention drink during due to habits and customs and diet The adjustment of structure is eaten, " three high " has become the first killer of influence human health and life security, therefore, find a kind of peace Entirely, health, nutrition, the food of natural and instant are the urgent demands of today's society.Quinoa is as the full nutrition shell egg of full paddy White base-forming food, rich in the lysine lacked in plant, the mineral matter such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, selenium, manganese, copper and unsaturation The multiple beneficial compound such as aliphatic acid, flavonoids, B family vitamin and vitamin E, mouthfeel is unique, have light nut delicate fragrance or Person's ginseng is fragrant, suitable for hyperglycaemia, hypertension, high fat of blood, heart disease chronic diseases, and infant, pregnant and lying-in women, children, student, The special constitution such as the elderly and the irregular crowd that lives, long-term consumption, effect significantly, are increasingly subject to liking and government for consumer Attention.Quinoa can chase after north to eighties of last century eighties, the success of Tibet Introduction And Trial in the plantation of China, but be only limitted to small model Plantation is enclosed, since 2011, Shanxi Jingyue County Introduction And Trial success, cultivated area constantly expands, Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai Etc. ground also have plantation successively, but the kind locally authorized is phoenix feathers and unicorn horns, and existing quinoa breeding is mainly by conventional The outcrossing rate of the method combination quinoa of screening in itself, screening mutant or cenospecies, further carry out plantation observation, this side Method specific aim is not strong, uncontrolled, therefore DeGrain.But, the industrialization process fast-developing compared to quinoa, quinoa Genetic breeding work is substantially delayed, at present still based on introduced variety, lacks high-yield variety best in quality.Therefore with quinoa The requirement of industry development, quinoa breeding work is also brought into schedule, and domestic scientific research institutions also begin to carry out scientific research to quinoa, But the research in terms of biological characteristics, cultivation technique and nutritional ingredient is concentrated mainly on, the research of quinoa breeding technique is still located In starting state,

Quinoa be Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium, year sward sheet, spend small, inflorescence various, there is spike, panicle, corymb etc. There are the flower of female flower, hermaphrodite flower and Male abortion, generally self-pollination on polytype, the same plant of quinoa.Due to quinoa flower Closely, different types of to spend mixed in together, it is self-pollination to add for small and arrangement, and these objective condition all give quinoa breeding work Bring very big obstacle.

The content of the invention

The present invention spends small and complicated unsuitable emasculation to solve quinoa, and asking for very big obstacle is brought to quinoa breeding work There is provided a kind of method for improving quinoa hybrid rate for topic.

The present invention is realized by following technical scheme：A kind of method for improving quinoa hybrid rate, chamber planting, Selection parent, Terminal inflorescence processing, isolation, emasculation, pollination obtains hybrid seed, specifically includes following steps：

（1）Chamber planting：Quinoa seed is seeded in flowerpot, and each pair parent sets 4 processing, the 5 days kinds in each processing interval Plant；

（2）Selection parent：When quinoa grows 50-60 days, it is 30-40cm, no side shoot, well-developed plant to choose height Strain is used as parent；

（3）Terminal inflorescence processing：Into after the aobvious sequence phase, the inflorescence on plant top is removed, when axillary bud inflorescence grows 4-5 Remove from top down 4-5 pieces leaf and petiole, retain 3-4 inflorescence for hybridizing；

（4）Isolation：The plant handled well is wrapped up with bag filter, and bag filter two ends are penetrating, and upper end is sealed after folding, lower end bundle Tie up；

（5）Emasculation：Start emasculation when anther color is green or yellow green in the middle part of inflorescence, consolidate magnifying glass during emasculation Due at the moment, adjustment position, left hand is clamped calyx upper end with tweezers and pressed down, and the right hand is entangled with oese in the middle part of flower pesticide, rotation Oese removes flower pesticide, retains middle column cap；Hermaphrodite flower is directly peeled off at top 1/5 and at bottom 1/5；

（6）Pollination：The male parent of the maternal and same phase of the not same period complete emasculation is put together, male parent inflorescence is interlocked It is placed in above female parent, three plants of male parents, one plant of female parent, female parent is placed in male parent center, is wrapped up with bag filter, bag filter two ends are penetrating, on End is sealed after folding, lower end binding, every morning 9-10 points and afternoon 2 during full blossom：30-3:30 vibrate father with vibrating head interval Above this root at 5cm, 2s interval 2s are vibrated, 30-40s is vibrated every time, full-bloom stage completes pollination after terminating；

（7）Obtain hybrid seed：Male parent is taken out after hybridization, female parent continues to isolate growth, until ripe, you can obtain miscellaneous Hand over F1 generation seed.

The present invention solves the problem of quinoa spends small and complicated unsuitable emasculation, and two be the method combination father using interval vibration Female parent 3:1 pattern is pollinated, and pollination rate is greatly improved, and three have been to determine quinoa Pollen Activity, have been accurately positioned optimal pollination Time, improve hybrid rate.The present invention is studied on the basis of research quinoa hybridization technique for many years with reference to domestic and international, hybrid rate height, Operation is fairly simple, considerably improves the hybrid rate of quinoa.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Aiding in inoculation loop technique to solve quinoa using magnifying glass spends small emasculation is difficult to ask Topic, prior art mainly uses scissors or tweezers, and operating process has certain damage to column cap, and the influence later stage develops and awarded Powder.Precise positioning pollen pollination time, determines that pollination Best Times are the morning by micro- sem observation and practical operation effect 9:30 and afternoon 3:00 or so.Using 3:1 pattern（One plant of female parent of i.e. three plants male parents）Pollination, and be live body pollination, Pollen Activity By force, the duration at florescence is long.Current technology mainly collects pollen rear enclosure with paper bag and pollination and collection pollen is shaken on inflorescence After be sprayed onto on inflorescence and pollinate, prior art has damage to pollen and its vigor is uncontrollable causes hybrid rate low.Using vibration The method touched between rod is pollinated, and stronger than traditional thrum method and vibratory drilling method regularity, handling more preferable, vibration amplitude is small, strong Degree is big, and the pollen amount that comes off is more and does not fly away on four sides, and column cap pollination rate is higher, and hybrid rate reaches 35%-40%.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1：A kind of method for improving quinoa hybrid rate, chamber planting, Selection parent, the processing of top bud, isolation, Emasculation, pollination obtains hybrid seed, specifically includes following steps：

1st, chamber planting：Quinoa seed is seeded in 20cm × 30cm small flower, and each pair parent sets four processing, each Processing interval five days, processing method such as table 1：

Table 1

	1d	6d	11d	16d
					Male parent		Sowing 5	Sowing 5
It is maternal	Sowing 5	Sowing 5	Sowing 5	Sowing 5

2nd, Selection parent：When quinoa grows 50-60 days, it is 30-40cm to choose height, and no side shoot physically well develops, plant The suitable plant of size and form is used as parent；

3rd, terminal inflorescence is handled：Into after the aobvious sequence phase, moment concern growing state, when the inflorescence on plant top occurs, Terminal inflorescence is wiped out with scissors, 4-5 pieces leaf and petiole is down wiped out from top when axillary bud inflorescence grows 4-5, retains 3-4 Individual inflorescence is used to hybridize；

4th, isolate：The plant handled well is wrapped up with bag filter, bag filter two ends are penetrating, upper end is sealed after folding with paper clip Mouthful, lower end is bundled with the rope made of hemp, prevents pollen from entering, and it is elastic suitable to bundle, it is impossible to influence the subsequent growth of plant；

5th, emasculation：The appropriate inflorescence emasculation of size that physically well develops is chosen, anther color is green or yellow in the middle part of inflorescence Start emasculation when green, magnifying glass will be fixed on during emasculation between inflorescence and eyes, position adjustment is suitable, left hand point mouth tweezer Sub-folder lives calyx upper end, gently presses down, and the right hand is entangled with special oese in the middle part of flower pesticide, gently rotates oese and pulls flower pesticide Fall, rotation direction successively according to the method described above removes flower pesticide, retain middle column cap.Because quinoa inflorescence is indefinite inflorescence, Stamen development period is inconsistent, can directly peel off hermaphrodite flower at inflorescence top 1/5 and lower end 1/5.By amplifying sem observation, If flower pesticide is changed into yellow, flower pesticide is ripe excessively, and flower pesticide is easily rupturable during emasculation, and pollen can be trickled down on column cap, cause emasculation to lose Lose.Operate more accurate after being amplified with magnifying glass, oese lightly operates easily controllable direction and dynamics, will not be to column cap Damage, and the emasculation duration is longer, the relatively other instruments of oese are tired compared with gently can effectively mitigate the behaviour's person's of being wrist Labor degree.

6th, pollinate：The female parent and male parent of complete emasculation are put together, male parent inflorescence is interlocked and is placed in above female parent, three Strain one plant of female parent of male parent, female parent is placed in male parent center, is wrapped up with slightly larger bag filter, and bag filter two ends are penetrating, after upper end is folded Sealed with paper clip, lower end is bundled with the rope made of hemp, every morning 9 during full blossom：30 and afternoon 3:00 or so is shaken with tactile between vibrating head Above dynamic male parent root at 5cm, 2s interval 2s are vibrated, 30-40s is vibrated every time, full-bloom stage completes pollination after terminating；In order to improve Hybridize success rate, the male parent of same phase is hybridized respectively with asynchronous female parent；

7th, hybrid seed is obtained：Male parent is taken out after hybridization, female parent continues to isolate growth, until ripe, you can obtain miscellaneous Hand over F1 generation seed.

Determine that optimal pollination time is the morning 9 by micro- sem observation and practical operation effect:30 and afternoon 3:00 or so. Using 3:1 pattern（One plant of female parent of i.e. three plants male parents）Pollination, and be live body pollination, Pollen Activity is strong, and the duration at florescence is long.Mesh Preceding technology, which mainly shakes pollination on inflorescence with paper bag collection pollen rear enclosure and collects to be sprayed onto after pollen on inflorescence, pollinates, existing Have that technology has damage to pollen and its vigor is uncontrollable causes hybrid rate low.Pollinated using the method touched between vibrating head, Stronger than traditional thrum method and vibratory drilling method regularity, handling more preferably vibration amplitude is small, intensity is big, more than the pollen amount that comes off and not Four sides is flown away, and column cap pollination rate is higher, and hybrid rate reaches 35%-40%.Table 2 is the influence to hybrid rate using different instruments.

Table 2：

Magnifying glass

Nothing

Nothing

Nothing

Have

Have

Have

Emasculation instrument

Scissors

Tweezers

Oese

Scissors

Tweezers

Oese

Hybrid rate（%）

18.3

24.6

32.4

26.5

30.8

38.7

Claims (1)

1. a kind of method for improving quinoa hybrid rate, chamber planting, Selection parent, terminal inflorescence processing, isolation, emasculation, pollination, Obtain hybrid seed, it is characterised in that specifically include following steps：

（1）Chamber planting：Quinoa seed is seeded in flowerpot, and each pair parent sets 4 processing, and each processing interval is planted for 5 days；

（2）Selection parent：When quinoa grows 50-60 days, it is 30-40cm to choose height, and no side shoot, well-developed plant makees For parent；

（3）Terminal inflorescence processing：Into after the aobvious sequence phase, the inflorescence on plant top is removed, is removed when axillary bud inflorescence grows 4-5 From top down 4-5 pieces leaf and petiole, retain 3-4 inflorescence for hybridizing；

（4）Isolation：The plant handled well is wrapped up with bag filter, and bag filter two ends are penetrating, and upper end is sealed after folding, lower end binding；

（5）Emasculation：Start emasculation when anther color is green or yellow green in the middle part of inflorescence, be fixed on magnifying glass during emasculation At the moment, adjustment position, left hand is clamped calyx upper end with tweezers and pressed down, and the right hand is entangled with oese in the middle part of flower pesticide, rotation inoculation Ring removes flower pesticide, retains middle column cap；Hermaphrodite flower is directly peeled off at top 1/5 and at bottom 1/5；

（6）Pollination：The male parent of the maternal and same phase of the not same period complete emasculation is put together, male parent inflorescence is interlocked and is placed in Maternal top, three plants of male parents, one plant of female parent, female parent is placed in male parent center, is wrapped up with bag filter, bag filter two ends are penetrating, upper end folding Poststack is sealed, lower end binding, every morning 9-10 points and afternoon 2 during full blossom：30-3:30 vibrate male parent root with vibrating head interval Above portion at 5cm, 2s interval 2s are vibrated, 30-40s is vibrated every time, full-bloom stage completes pollination after terminating；

（7）Obtain hybrid seed：Male parent is taken out after hybridization, female parent continues to isolate growth, until ripe, you can obtain hybridization F1 For seed.