CN103814812A - Method for cross-breeding of guava - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to technology of cross-breeding and cultivation of plants, provides a method for cross-breeding of guava. The method comprises the following steps: A, choosing a female parent; B, choosing a male parent; C, choosing a cross-breeding method; D, obtaining a hybrid; E, performing management of water manure and pest for crossbred seedlings. The method provided by the invention has the following prominent and substantial characteristics and improvements: 1, the method overcomes the problem that no method is provided for cross-breeding of the guava for a long time, directional parent plant choosing and breeding for the guava are realized; 2, the juvenile phase of the crossbred seedlings provided by the invention is shortened through timely measures of field setting, sufficient water manure management, pest control, and the like, and the blooming and fruit yielding of the guava hybrid seedlings are brought forward; 3, the method is feasible, can greatly accelerate breeding progress of the guava, can create sufficient guava strains, and can enrich the resource library of the guava.

Description

A kind of guava cross breeding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to plant hybridization breeding technique.

Background technology

Psidium is in Myrtaceae Psidium tropical fruit tree, originate in tropical America, 16～the 17th century is transmitted to the torrid zone, the world and subtropical zone, as North America, Oceania, New Zealand, Austronesia, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, north African, Vietnam etc.About the 17th century end is imported China into, and all there is cultivation in the areas such as existing Taiwan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and some places have escaped as wild fruit tree.Guava is commonly called as again as chicken droppings fruit, kind peach, kind peach etc., is one of important fruit in our tropical and subtropical region.Guava contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, B family vitamin, Vc, calcium, phosphorus, iron, it is nutritious, can increase appetite, promote upgrowth and development of children, in seed, the content of iron is more better than other fruit, guava both can be eaten raw, also can squeeze the juice, jam, jelly, candied fruits etc.Eat anti-aging in advance more, get rid of effect of vivotoxin, also can prevent and treat in addition hypertension, diabetes, for obesity and the not good patient of stomach, ideal edible fruits.In addition, the blade of guava and young fruit section are dried and are brewed up, can adjuvant therapy of diabetes.In recent years, along with people's growth in the living standard, people's health care consciousness is more and more stronger, the health care of guava is familiar with by people gradually, the cultivated area of guava constantly increases, and output also rises year by year, has become main the cultivating apple trees in South China of China.Guava industry also becomes one of important component part of China's hot-zone agricultural economy, accelerating South China's economic development, the aspect such as increase farmers' income plays an important role.

In China torrid areas, the kind of guava mainly relies on introduces a fine variety and the seed selection of growing directly from seeds, and the method for the seed selection of growing directly from seeds has strengthened the workload of research, has affected the process of seed selection, meanwhile, because male parent material is unknown, also for the evaluation of kind has brought certain difficulty.Guava is androgyny, and stamen quantity is more, and the column cap of gynoecium is elongated, crossbreeding Comparision difficulty.Crossbreeding can, according to the new apolegamy originally of the carrying out of breeder's needs orientation, be also convenient to the analysis that descendant inheritting is learned.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of guava cross breeding method, its have process simple, greatly accelerate guava breeding process, enrich the features such as guava resource.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A kind of guava cross breeding method, comprises the steps.

The selection of A, female parent

Select colory guava kind as female parent, in the time of the most of cracking of the sepal of maternal flower, remove gently sepal, petal and stamen with tweezers.

The selection of B, male parent

Select healthy and strong guava body as paternal plant, select flower fully to split, have flower that pollen scatters as male parent material.

C, cross method

C1) male and female flowering is carried out to bagging before the male flower of the male parent of step B and the maternal female flower of steps A are not yet open, with paper bag, it is carried out to bagging respectively, to completely cut off the pollination medium such as external pollen and insect;

C2) collection of flower pesticide is in the time that adularescent on the male flower of the male parent of step B or lurid pollen scatter, and puts in clean glass culture dish with tweezers gripping with the filigree of flower pesticide;

C3) health in steps A, the female flower that full, column cap is complete are selected in the selection of female flower;

C4) hybridization is in the time that the pistil stigma of the female flower of step C3 extends completely, with the flower pesticide of the stamen of tweezers gripping step C2, on the column cap of male flower, touch gently several lower it is pollinated, after completing, bagging, listing shows hybridization time, combination, and in subsequently 10 days, pollinating process repeats 3～4 times, in the time that column cap browning loses pollination ability, remove sack to guarantee the normal growth of hybridization fruit.

The acquisition of D, hybrid

The female chapiter obtaining at step C becomes after fruit abundant maturation, by under fruit, again after after-ripening, take out seed, by planting seed, on husky bed, seed can be sprouted in 20 days, when seedling growth is grown 20～40cm to stem, seedling is proceeded in the nutritive cube that contains abundant nutrition, growth, then enters seedling management work.

The liquid manure of E, cross hybrid seedling, pest management

To the cross hybrid seedling in step D nutritive cube, every 2～3 days trickles one time, to the once-combined fertilizer of Shaoshi, spray in conjunction with foliage fertilizer every month in seedling stage simultaneously, and the extermination of disease and insect pest, mainly take nematode, mealybug and rust as main, adopts the method for integrated control.

Be compared with the prior art, the present invention has following outstanding substantive features and marked improvement:

1, the present invention has overcome the method for the long-term amixia breeding of guava, has realized the directed parental apolegamy breeding of guava;

2, the present invention adopts field planting ahead of time, and the sufficient measure such as rich water, the extermination of disease and insect pest, has shortened the virgin phase of guava; Promote the early flowering result of guava cross hybrid seedling;

3, the present invention is simple, and its enforcement can have been accelerated guava breeding process greatly, creates more guava kind, enriches guava resource.

Embodiment

The invention will be further described to use specific embodiment below:

A kind of guava cross breeding method, comprises the steps.

The selection of A, female parent

Select colory guava kind as female parent according to the requirement of crossbreeding, in the morning, during by the most of cracking of the sepal of maternal flower, remove gently sepal, petal and stamen with tweezers.

The selection of B, male parent

Experimental requirement selects healthy and strong guava body as paternal plant, selects flower fully to split, and has flower that pollen scatters as male parent material.

C, cross method

C1) male and female flowering is carried out to bagging, the male flower of male parent of step B and the maternal female flower of steps A not yet open before, use respectively 5 × 10cm newspaper bag to carry out bagging to it, to completely cut off the pollination medium such as external pollen and insect;

C2) collection of flower pesticide, in the time that on the male flower of the male parent of step B, adularescent or lurid pollen scatter, puts in clean glass culture dish with the filigree of flower pesticide with tweezers gripping;

C3) selection of female flower, selects health in steps A, full, column cap is complete, is not subject to the female flower of any injury;

C4) hybridization, in the time that the pistil stigma of the female flower of step C3 extends completely, with the flower pesticide of the stamen of tweezers gripping step C2, on the column cap of female flower, touch gently several lower it is pollinated, after completing, put 5 × 10cm newspaper bag, listing shows hybridization time, combination.This pollinating process, repeating for 10 days 3～4 times subsequently, in the time that column cap browning loses pollination ability, is removed sack to guarantee the normal growth of hybridization fruit.

The acquisition of D, hybrid

The female chapiter obtaining at step C becomes after fruit abundant maturation, by under fruit;

After after-ripening, cut fruit open again, take out seed, seed is put into gauze bag and clean, by seed wash clean, air-dry, clean seed is carried out to bactericide processing;

Select healthy, fresh, complete seed, be arranged in one by one the husky bed of growing seedlings upper, every row seed interval 5～10cm, after planting crosses seed 1～2cm with fine sand lid, the water of fully drenching, once every 2～3 days trickles later;

Seed germination in 20 days,, when blade not yet increases, is transplanted to nutritional bag by seedling, and strengthens rich water quality management to the long 20～40cm of stem at seedling growth, carries out field planting in the time that seedling grows to 50～60cm, further increases rich water quality management.

The liquid manure of E, cross hybrid seedling, pest management

To the cross hybrid seedling in step D nutritious bag, every 2～3 days trickles one time, monthly execute once-combined fertilizer seedling stage, carry out foliage-spray in conjunction with 2% urea and 0.5% superphosphate simultaneously;

Summer and autumn are guava damage by disease and insect peak seasons, due to luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, lure that mealybug class pest is contained into send out, and should strengthen control, for eelworm harm, can land used worm spirit mix fine sand and spread fertilizer over the fields, while spreading fertilizer over the fields, should dig out tree dish cart soil and mix soil;

Superpose period for damage by disease and insect, should adopt the method for integrated control.

Application example 1

In fruit tree base, Guangzhou, adopt mini guava as female parent in July, 2007, and purple fruit guava hybridizes by the present invention as male parent, cohybridization 22 flowers, obtained 4 fruits, hybrid rate is 18.2%, by hybrid seed after planting, grow seedlings, field planting, now result, there is larger separation in offspring, from the blade of plant, some deflection female parents, some deflection male parents, but there is not the fruit colour of male parent fruit.

Application example 2

In July, 2008 is in fruit tree base, Guangzhou, adopt purple fruit guava as female parent, mini guava hybridizes by the present invention as male parent, cohybridization 34 flowers, obtained 8 fruits, hybrid rate is 23.5%, by hybrid seed sowing, grow seedlings, field planting, now result, offspring's major part is partial to maternal inheritance, aspect fruit color, is partial to male parent.

Application example 3

In fruit tree base, Hainan, adopt pearl guava as female parent in June, 2009, and purple fruit guava hybridizes by the present invention as male parent, cohybridization 6 flowers, obtained 2 fruits, hybrid rate is 33.3%, by hybrid seed after planting, grow seedlings, field planting, now result, female parent is partial in offspring's separation, there is not the leaf color of male parent, but there are two kinds of colors in pulp, some deflection female parents, some deflection male parents.

Claims (1)

1. a guava cross breeding method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:

The selection of A, female parent

Select colory guava kind as female parent, in the time of the most of cracking of the sepal of maternal flower, remove gently sepal, petal and stamen with tweezers;

The selection of B, male parent

Select healthy and strong guava body as paternal plant, select flower fully to split, have flower that pollen scatters as male parent material;

C, cross method

C1) male and female flowering is carried out to bagging

The male flower of male parent of step B and the maternal female flower of steps A not yet open before, carry out bagging with paper bag respectively, to completely cut off the pollination medium such as external pollen and insect;

C2) collection of flower pesticide

In the time that on the male flower of the male parent of step B, adularescent or lurid pollen scatter, put in clean glass culture dish with the filigree of flower pesticide with tweezers gripping;

C3) selection of female flower

Select the health in steps A, the female flower that full, column cap is complete;

C4) hybridization

In the time that the pistil stigma of the female flower of step C3 extends completely, with the flower pesticide of the stamen of tweezers gripping step C2, on the column cap of female flower, touch gently several lower it is pollinated, after completing, bagging, listing shows hybridization time, combination, and in subsequently 10 days, pollinating process repeats 3～4 times, in the time that column cap browning loses pollination ability, remove sack to guarantee the normal growth of hybridization fruit;

The acquisition of D, hybrid

The female chapiter obtaining at step C becomes after fruit abundant maturation, by under fruit, again after after-ripening, take out seed, by planting seed on husky bed, seed germination in 20 days, when seedling growth is grown 20～40cm to stem, seedling is proceeded in the nutritive cube that contains abundant nutrition, growth, then enters seedling management work;

The liquid manure of E, cross hybrid seedling, pest management

To the cross hybrid seedling in step D nutritive cube, every 2～3 days trickles one time, to the once-combined fertilizer of Shaoshi, spray in conjunction with foliage fertilizer every month in seedling stage simultaneously, and the extermination of disease and insect pest, mainly take nematode, mealybug and rust as main, adopts the method for integrated control.