CN101473785B - Bagged separated self-pollinated purified seed production method for dwarf coconut - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a dwarf coconut seed production method by bagging isolation and inbred purification. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: manufacturing isolation bags; selecting an excellent target parent, and removing bracts 3-4d before spathes open; then spraying a mixed solution of thiophanate-methyl and boric acid over spikes, and bagging the whole inflorescences with the isolation bags; removing the isolation bags after stigmas of the female flowers turn brown 10-12d after bagging; eliminating emarcid male flowers on the spikes, and spraying the mixed solution of thiophanate-methyl and boric acid over the spikes; tagging and harvesting seed fruits 12-13 months later; and raising seedlings, thus cultivating the high-purity inbred seedlings. The invention is simple and has convenient operation. The method is used for dwarf coconut seed production, which achieves good isolation effect and high fruit set percentage, and greatly improves isolation effect and purity of the seedlings.

Description

Tom Thumb coconut bagging is isolated the selfing purified seed production method

Technical field

The invention belongs to crop breeding and stock breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of Tom Thumb coconut bagging and isolate the selfing purified seed production method, relate to the serial processes such as making, bagging, fruit retention of parent's selection, isolation pocket.

Background technology

The Tom Thumb coconut is some mutation in the middle of the coconut, and to compare plant relative short and small with the high kind, and stem is less, and blade is shorter, and fruit is less, and base portion does not have tangible hourglass head, and based on self-pollination, germplasm is purer relatively.The Tom Thumb coconut of China's cultivation at present mainly contains yellow dwarf, red short, green short coconut; The yellow dwarf is except that the feature of coconut has general Tom Thumb coconut, and seedling petiole, tender fruit exocuticle, spathe are faint yellow; Red short coconut seedling petiole, tender fruit exocuticle, spathe are cerise; The main feature of green short perfume coconut is that coconut and coconut meat have pleasant fragrance.The purposes of Tom Thumb coconut on producing mainly contains aspect three at present: (1) does fruit production; (2) do hybrid strain; (3) doing afforestation uses.

Production has fabulous market prospects to the Tom Thumb coconut as fruit, and the female flower development of coconut is called as tender fruit coconut or fruit coconut at home and abroad to individual month coconut fruit of 8-9.Nearly all to be that Hainan is high plant the coconut kind of Hainan plantation at present, and therefore to be used for the tender fruit of coconut that the fruit aquatic foods eat mainly also be that Hainan is high plants.But production has many shortcomings to the high kind in Hainan as fruit, mainly shows sugariness low (total reducing sugar only has 4%-5%), fruit type excessive (single fruit weight 1.5-3kg), is inconvenient to carry, and is not attractive in appearance, the coconut palm water yield too many (about 600-700ml) etc.From early 1980s to the end of the nineties, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences has introduced Malaya's Huang, red short, green short perfume coconut of Thailand etc. in a large number.These Tom Thumb coconuts have better advantage as the development of fruit type coconut than high kind, are in particular in: the premature labor of (1) Tom Thumb coconut, high yield, and generally 3-4 can be yielded positive results after planting, and plants back 7-8 and reaches high term, and output reaches more than 100; (2) coconut palm fruit matter is compared, and the coconut meat of Tom Thumb coconut is soft, coconut palm water sweeter (total sugar content 6%-8%), and contained mineral element is higher in the coconut palm water, and some kind also has the special fragrance flavor, is fit to very much drink; (3) Tom Thumb coconut palm fruit good looking appearance is of moderate size, and is convenient for carrying and packed and transported, extensively obtains consumer's favor; (4) because Tom Thumb coconut plant is shorter and smaller, tree body growing way is slower, and 20 years bar height are 5-8m only, and picking fruit is also more convenient.

Because Tom Thumb coconut germplasm is purer, and has the feature of premature labor, high yield, operations such as shorter and smaller, the convenient castration of plant, pollination, it is also quite general to make the hybridization female parent on producing, and need filter out highly purified parent when doing hybridization.Though the Tom Thumb coconut is based on self-pollination, but the pollination that the part female flower is also arranged can be subjected to the interference of foreign pollen, if do not take quarantine measures, cause kind of fruit impure, offspring not red, the green short coconut of perfume can occur as the offspring of red short coconut and not fragrant phenomenon occur.Country such as India, Sri Lanka mainly takes the isolation implant mode, isolation distance between each coconut kind is more than 1500 meters, this method needs very big control area, and can only protect pure to the colony of a kind, still have the phenomenon of string powder between the different individual plants of same colony, can not select good strains in the field for seed; Malaysia and China adopt the mode of general plantation in decades, bringing out classifies behind the seedling again selects, more hybrid can appear in the offspring that this method brings out, and causes the waste of human and material resources, and can't protect pure, the breeding of purifying to good individual plant.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is provides a kind of Tom Thumb coconut bagging to isolate the selfing purified seed production method at the deficiencies in the prior art, serial processes such as the selection by the parent, the making of isolation pocket, bagging, fruit retention have improved the purity of isolation effect and seedling effectively.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A kind of Tom Thumb coconut bagging is isolated the selfing purified seed production method, and concrete steps are as follows:

1, the making of isolation pocket: choose 200-250 purpose gauze, make downward opening rectangle sack, the sack lower ending opening is provided with window and sews on polyethylene film so that observe in the middle of the isolation pocket two sides, make the wire rope handling hole at sack, put on and tightening rope and be beneficial to the sack of tying tight.

2, selfing parent's selection: select the 12-30 age of tree, the tree crown number of blade more than 28, several cocoanut trees more than 80 that bear fruit as the parent.

3, bagging: 3-4d before cocoanut tree Buddhist flame petal cracking, excise bract, thiophanate methyl and boric acid are dissolved in the water obtains mixed liquor, sprays inflorescence with mixed liquor then, entangles the whole inflorescence of coconut with isolation pocket; The place is wrapped with the cotton of dipping in insecticide anthocaulus, then with nylon rope tighten cotton and isolation sack.To be respectively thiophanate methyl be that 500-700 times of liquid, boric acid are 800-1200 times of liquid to the concentration of thiophanate methyl and boric acid in the described mixed liquor.

4, remove bag: behind bagging 10-12d, treat that whole female chapiter browning look recession remove isolation pocket, remove the male flower that Hua Suishang withers and falls, thiophanate methyl and potassium dihydrogen phosphate be dissolved in the water obtain spray and shine liquid, shine liquid with spray then the flower fringe is sprayed, hang up label, kind of the fruit of gathering after spending 12-13 month, grow seedlings, can cultivate highly purified selfing seedling.The concentration of thiophanate methyl and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is shone in the liquid in described spray, and to be respectively thiophanate methyl be that 500-700 times of liquid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are 600-800 times of liquid.

Method of the present invention is simple, and is easy and simple to handle.Carry out the production of hybrid seeds of Tom Thumb coconut with this method, isolation effect is good, the percentage of fertile fruit height, and greatly improved the purity of isolation effect and seedling.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of isolation pocket of the present invention.

Among the figure: 1, sack; 2, window; 3, wire rope handling hole; 4, tighten rope.

Embodiment

In the structure shown in the figure, isolation pocket of the present invention is that to choose 200～250 purpose gauzes be material, make the sack 1 of rectangle lower ending opening, on the sack two sides window 2 is set, sew on polyethylene film, so that observe, wire rope handling hole 3 is set at the sack place and puts on and tighten rope 4 and be beneficial to rein in the bundle sack.

The invention will be further described with non-limiting embodiment below.

Embodiment one: cultivate yellow, red short coconut selfing seed cultivation

During the annual 5-10 month, select good yellow dwarf or the red short coconut plant of proterties in the field, require age of tree 12-30, the tree crown number of blade more than 28, several cocoanut trees more than 80 bear fruit, 3-4d before the spathe cracking, cut spathe excision bract, when temperature is lower than 30 ℃, spray the flower fringe, when temperature is higher than 30 ℃, spray the flower fringe, entangle the whole colored fringe of coconut with isolation pocket again with 1200 times of liquid of 700 times of liquid+boric acid of thiophanate methyl with 800 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid+boric acid of thiophanate methyl; The place is wrapped with the cotton of dipping in insecticide anthocaulus, then with nylon rope tighten cotton and isolation sack.Behind the bagging 12d, observe the opening status of female flower by the film window of isolation pocket, whole female chapiter browning look recession remove isolation pocket, remove the male flower that Hua Suishang withers and falls, spray colored fringe once more with 600 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid+potassium dihydrogen phosphates of thiophanate methyl, hang up label, fruit development was gathered after 13 months, and grow seedlings, can cultivate highly purified Huang, red short coconut selfing seedling.The situation that influences to setting and kind fruit seedling purity sees Table 1.

Table 1 bagging is isolated the influence of selfing to Huang, red short coconut setting and seedling purity

Embodiment two: cultivate green short perfume coconut selfing seedling

During the annual 5-10 month, select the good green short perfume coconut plant of proterties in the field, require age of tree 12-30, the tree crown number of blade more than 28, bear fruit several 80 with cocoanut tree, 3-4d before the spathe cracking, cut spathe, excise bract again, when temperature is lower than 30 ℃, spray the flower fringe with 800 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid+boric acid of thiophanate methyl, when temperature is higher than 30 ℃, spray the flower fringe, entangle whole colored fringe with isolation pocket with 1200 times of liquid of 700 times of liquid+boric acid of thiophanate methyl; The place is wrapped with the cotton of dipping in insecticide anthocaulus, uses nylon rope tighten cotton and isolation pocket then.Behind the bagging 10d, observe the opening status of female flower by the film window of isolation pocket, whole female chapiter browning look recession remove isolation pocket, remove the male flower that Hua Suishang withers and falls, spray colored fringe once more with 600 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid+potassium dihydrogen phosphates of thiophanate methyl, hang up label, fruit development is gathered after 12 months and is grown seedlings, and can cultivate highly purified green short perfume coconut selfing seedling.

Claims (1)

1. a Tom Thumb coconut bagging is isolated the selfing purified seed production method, and it is characterized in that: step is as follows:

1), the making of isolation pocket: choose 200-250 purpose gauze, make downward opening rectangle sack (1), the sack lower ending opening is provided with window (2) and sews on polyethylene film in the middle of the isolation pocket two sides, makes wire rope handling hole (3) and puts on and tighten rope (4) at sack;

2), selfing parent's selection: select the 12-30 age of tree, the tree crown number of blade more than 28, several cocoanut trees more than 80 that bear fruit as the parent;

3), bagging: 3-4d before cocoanut tree Buddhist flame petal cracking, excise bract, thiophanate methyl and boric acid are dissolved in the water obtains mixed liquor, sprays inflorescence with mixed liquor then, entangles the whole inflorescence of coconut with isolation pocket; The place is wrapped with the cotton of dipping in insecticide anthocaulus, then with nylon rope tighten cotton and isolation sack; To be respectively thiophanate methyl be that 500-700 times of liquid, boric acid are 800-1200 times of liquid to the concentration of thiophanate methyl and boric acid in the described mixed liquor;

4), remove bag: behind bagging 10-12d, treat that whole female chapiter browning look recession remove isolation pocket, remove the male flower that Hua Suishang withers and falls, thiophanate methyl and potassium dihydrogen phosphate be dissolved in the water obtain spray and shine liquid, shine liquid with spray then the flower fringe is sprayed, hang up label, kind of the fruit of gathering after spending 12-13 month, grow seedlings, can cultivate highly purified selfing seedling; The concentration of thiophanate methyl and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is shone in the liquid in described spray, and to be respectively thiophanate methyl be that 500-700 times of liquid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are 600-800 times of liquid.

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