CN111642388A

CN111642388A - Creating method of excellent germplasm of red flower ginkgo strawberry

Info

Publication number: CN111642388A
Application number: CN202010529832.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 关玲; 赵密珍; 于红梅; 王庆莲; 庞夫花; 夏瑾; 吴娇娥
Original assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-06-11
Filing date: 2020-06-11
Publication date: 2020-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-11
Also published as: CN111642388B

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for creating excellent germplasm of red flower ginkgo strawberry, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree breeding methods and comprising the following steps: any one of strawberry varieties 'small peach red', 'pink panda', 'pink beauty' and 'beauty' is selected as a female parent, and any one of strawberry varieties 'white snow princess', 'snow rabbit', 'first love', 'pineberry' and 'Angel No. 8' is selected as a male parent for hybridization. The strawberry obtained by the embodiment of the invention has pink flowers, white fruits and red seeds, the strawberry germplasm with the red flowers bearing ginkgo fruits is created for the first time, the method is simple and safe, the ornamental value is increased, and meanwhile, the strawberry has higher edible value.

Description

Creating method of excellent germplasm of red flower ginkgo strawberry

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree breeding methods, in particular to a method for creating excellent germplasm of red flower ginkgo strawberry.

Background

Strawberry belongs to Rosaceae and has the characteristic of perennial growth, and about 24 strawberry resources exist all over the world. Most of strawberry flowers are white, the cymbidium floribundum inflorescence is gathered, and the strawberries can bloom in multiple batches, so that the current flower period is longer, and certain ornamental value is achieved. The strawberry fruits are fragrant and juicy, are sour and sweet, and have rich nutritional values. The cultivation of the strawberries is more than 200 years from the current history, the cultivation of the red fruits is taken as a main pattern, and the cultivation area of the ginkgo strawberries is very small. The increase of consumption level of Chinese people and diversification of consumption demands lead the popularity and the selling price of the ginkgo strawberry to be greatly increased in the market. Therefore, the research and development of the gingko strawberries with specific colors and special colors has important practical significance, and can add colors to continuously meet the increasing demand of beautiful life of people.

Based on the characteristics, the ginkgo strawberries become a research hotspot for fruit tree cultivation. Chinese patent 201410154110.3 discloses a method for obtaining white strawberries by induction, wherein the method comprises the steps of treating soil, disinfecting the soil to be planted, and making furrows on the soil; step 2, strawberry planting, namely planting healthy and disease-free grass Jiang seedlings in a triangular mode, facing furrows with arched backs, and planting and cultivating the grass Jiang seedlings; step of performing induction treatment, namely spraying an inducer to the strawberry fruits which are not subjected to color conversion and are between the young fruit stage and the ginkgo stage in the development stage, or soaking the strawberry fruits which are not subjected to color conversion and are between the young fruit stage and the ginkgo stage in the inducer, wherein the inducer is N- (phosphomethyl) glycine solution; the concentration of the inducer is 0.01-1 lg/L, and the treatment time is 1-5 s. The ginkgo strawberry obtained by the method, wherein N- (methyl phosphate) glycine is also called glyphosate, is a herbicide and is a toxic substance, researches show that the drug has carcinogenic effect, belongs to strict control products or banned products in European Union, Germany and other areas, and the abuse of the drug can seriously threaten the human health.

Chinese patent 201510661037.3 discloses an innovative method for germplasm of white strawberries with big fruits, which comprises the following steps: (1) hybridizing large-fruit and sweet-sour cultivar strawberry varieties with rich fragrance as female parents and wild ginkgo yellow strawberry which is originally produced in Yunnan of China as male parents; (2) carrying out colchicine treatment and germination acceleration culture on the hybrid seeds; (3) culturing the filial generation; (4) screening the filial generation, and selecting white, big and sweet single plants to obtain the big fruit white strawberry germplasm. Similar to the aforementioned patents, colchicine and N- (methyl phosphate) glycine play the same role, induce gene mutation, and colchicine has high toxicity, may cause problems of kidney damage, granulocytopenia, aplastic anemia and the like, and is harmful to human health.

In addition, in the technology for cultivating the ginkgo strawberries, the ginkgo is usually bloomed and ginkgo-bearing, so that the ornamental value is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to enrich the diversity of Chinese and even world strawberry germplasm resources, initially create the strawberry germplasm of the safflower ginkgo, and simultaneously solve the technical problems of toxic and harmful substance residue and poor ornamental value in the prior art of cultivating the ginkgo strawberry, and provides the following technical scheme:

the method for creating the excellent germplasm of the red flower ginkgo strawberry is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

any one of strawberry varieties 'small peach red', 'pink panda', 'pink beauty' and 'beauty' is selected as a female parent, and any one of strawberry varieties 'white snow princess', 'snow rabbit', 'first love', 'pineberry' and 'Angel No. 8' is selected as a male parent for hybridization.

Preferably, the method for creating the excellent germplasm of the ginkgo safflower strawberry further comprises the following steps:

harvesting seeds;

sowing;

transplanting and culturing;

and (5) placing the seeds into a shed for culturing.

Preferably, the method for harvesting seeds comprises: and (4) collecting the peel part of the hybrid mature fruit, drying in the shade, and collecting seeds for later use.

Preferably, the sowing method comprises: and (3) sowing the seeds in a container filled with a matrix, and culturing for 10-15 days under the condition that the humidity is more than 85% until the seeds germinate to obtain hybrid strawberry seedlings.

Preferably, the transplanting culture step comprises: and transplanting the hybrid strawberry seedlings into a container filled with a matrix, and performing seedling raising and strong seedling management until 3-4 true-leaf hybrid strawberry plants are obtained.

Preferably, the substrate comprises the following components, peat: perlite: vermiculite 3:1: 1.

By adopting the technical means, the technical effects are as follows:

(1) the embodiment of the invention subverts the originally known strawberry plant 'bloom and white flower with red fruit' of people, and creatively develops the excellent germplasm of the strawberry 'bloom and red flower with white fruit' for the first time, and the flower is pink and has high ornamental value.

(2) The method has simple process, adopts conventional crossbreeding means, and avoids using the inducer from the perspective of selecting female parent and male parent, thereby avoiding the toxic action of the inducer to human body on one hand, greatly reducing the uncertainty caused by gene mutation on the other hand, meeting the ornamental value and ensuring the safety.

(3) The excellent germplasm of the strawberry obtained by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the fruit is regular in shape, the surface has higher glossiness, the strawberry has light strawberry fragrance, the taste is good, and the strawberry germplasm has higher edible value.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of flowering and fruiting of a strawberry plant of the safflower ginkgo obtained in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph of flowering and fruiting of a prior art white crab apple strawberry plant;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of flowering and fruiting of a prior art white flower strawberry plant;

Detailed Description

Example 1

First, prepare and create the parents' book of the excellent resource of strawberry

Strawberry variety 'small peach red' is selected as a female parent, and strawberry variety 'white snow princess' is selected as a male parent.

Taking the area of south Beijing of Jiangsu as an example, the male parent material and the female parent material of the strawberry are planted in the plastic greenhouse for cultivating the strawberry in about 9 middle ten days. At the initial stage of planting, sufficient water is poured, and other flowers and fruits are managed and the water and fertilizer conservation row is managed conventionally.

Collection of pollen of second and third parents

In the middle 3 months, the flower bones of the male parent in the white-exposed state are collected in a parchment paper bag at about 10 o' clock in the morning of a warm and clear day. Taking the flower-bone powder back to the laboratory, picking the anther part in the collected male parent flower-bone with ophthalmologic forceps, placing the flower-bone powder in a folded parchment paper small square box, and airing the flower-bone powder in a shade. Under the condition of sunny days, the 1-2 smallpox medicine can be completely dried, and the powder scattering is finished. Then, the pollen with the powder scattering is carefully poured into a penicillin bottle with a rubber cover, and the penicillin bottle is refrigerated in a dryer under the condition that the temperature of a refrigerator is 4 ℃. The 'white exposed' state is the state that the petals in the flower can be seen through the calyx.

Third, hybridization

Preparing tools such as ophthalmic tweezers for hybridization, small rubber blocks for pollination, sulfuric acid paper bags for bagging, staplers, 75% alcohol for disinfection, pencils and the like. Selecting inflorescences of the female parents in a bud period to perform castration treatment on the inflorescences on the morning on a sunny day, slightly and uniformly coating pollen of the target male parents on pistil stigma by using small rubber blocks dipped with pollen, quickly removing redundant small flowers on the inflorescences, sleeving a sulfuric acid paper tape, marking, and tightly stapling a bag opening of a sulfuric acid paper by using a stapler to prevent other pollen from flowing in.

Fourthly, harvesting seeds

Collecting the above mature hybrid fruits, cutting peel part with seeds with a blade, placing on water-absorbing filter paper, drying in shade, collecting seeds, placing into kraft paper bag, and storing in a dryer at 4 deg.C.

Fifth, seeding

The hybrid seeds are uniformly sown in a seedling pot filled with peat, perlite and vermiculite (3: 1:1) matrix, proper moisture preservation is particularly taken during early germination, and the seedling pot is covered with preservative film or other waterproof materials to ensure that the humidity is more than 85 percent. The hybrid strawberry seeds can germinate gradually after being cultured for about 10-15 days.

Sixthly, transplanting and hole-inserting disc

Transplanting the hybrid seedling seedlings with 3-4 true leaves into a plug tray filled with a matrix one by one, and performing conventional seedling raising and strong seedling management.

Seventh, entering production shed and identifying flowers and fruits

When the autumn is cool, namely the daily average temperature is kept at about 25 ℃, the transplanting survival rate of strawberry plants is not favorable when the temperature is too high or too low. Transplanting the hybrid individual plant into a plastic greenhouse for conventional management. Meanwhile, indexes such as flowering period, flowering color, fruit setting period, fruit peel color, aroma, flavor, hardness and soluble solid content of the individual hybrid plants are observed regularly. And selecting good individual plants of safflower and ginkgo, and continuously observing until spring end of the next year. Transplanting the single plant of the safflower ginkgo strawberry with stable performance to a nursery garden for propagation for further utilization.

Example 2

The female parent is selected from 'peach red', the male parent is selected from 'snow rabbit', and the rest is the same as in example 1.

Example 3

The female parent was selected as "Xiaotahong", the male parent was selected as "first love", and the rest was the same as in example 1.

Example 4

The female parent is selected from small peach red, the male parent is selected from pineapple berry, and the rest is the same as the example 1.

Example 5

The female parent is selected from 'Xiaotahong', the male parent is selected from 'Tianjiang No. 8', and the rest is the same as the example 1.

Example 6

The female parent is pink panda, the male parent is white snow princess', and the rest is the same as the example 1.

Example 7

The female parent is pink panda 'and the male parent is snow rabbit' and the rest is the same as the example 1.

Example 8

The female parent is pink panda, the male parent is first love', and the rest is the same as the example 1.

Example 9

The female parent is selected from 'pink panda', the male parent is selected from 'pineberry', and the rest is the same as in example 1.

Example 10

The female parent is pink panda, the male parent is Angel No. 8', and the rest are the same as the example 1.

Example 11

The female parent is named as 'Pink beautiful woman' and the male parent is named as 'white snow princess', and the rest is the same as in example 1.

Example 12

The female parent is Pink lady, the male parent is snow rabbit, and the rest is the same as in example 1.

Example 13

The female parent was named "Pink Jiaren", the male parent was named "first love", and the rest was the same as in example 1.

Example 14

The female parent is named as 'Pink lady', the male parent is named as 'pineberry', and the rest is the same as in example 1.

Example 15

The female parent is named as Pingyan 8', and the male parent is named as Tianshi 1.

Example 16

The female parent is a pretty woman, the male parent is a snow white princess, and the rest are the same as in example 1.

Example 17

The female parent is pretty woman 'and the male parent is snow rabbit' and the rest is the same as in example 1.

Example 18

The female parent was chosen as a pretty woman, the male parent was chosen as a first love', and the rest were the same as in example 1.

Example 19

The female parent is beautiful woman 'and the male parent is pineapple berry', the rest is the same as the example 1.

Example 20

The female parent was named as "pretty woman", the male parent was named as "Angel No. 8", and the rest were the same as in example 1.

As can be seen from fig. 1 to fig. 3, the high-quality germplasm of the red flower ginkgo strawberry obtained in the embodiment of the invention has the flower already in the pink state at the bud stage 1 to 3, the flower 1 to 2 in the complete expansion stage is in the petal pink state, the red color at the petal base is darker, the fruit of the mature red flower ginkgo strawberry 1 to 1 is white, and the color of the seed growing on the fruit is red; by comparing fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, it can be seen that the red strawberry 2-1 in fig. 2 is darker, while the red strawberry 1-1 in fig. 1 and the white strawberry 3-1 in fig. 3 are lighter and brighter, and similarly, the strawberry flower 1-2 in fig. 1 of the embodiment of the invention is darker, and the red strawberry flower 2-2 in fig. 2 and the white strawberry flower 3-2 in fig. 3 are lighter and brighter, which proves that the strawberry plant obtained by the embodiment of the invention is really different from the prior art and is the red strawberry.

In addition, as can be seen from fig. 1, the number of 1-2 petals of the strawberry flower in the embodiment of the invention is obviously greater than that of fig. 2 and 3, and the strawberry flower 1-2 in the embodiment of the invention has more ornamental value.

Other embodiments of the present invention have the same experimental results as embodiment 1, and are not repeated herein.

Claims

1. The method for creating the excellent germplasm of the red flower ginkgo strawberry is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

2. The method for creating excellent germplasm of the ginkgo safflower strawberry according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps:

harvesting seeds;

sowing;

transplanting and culturing;

and (5) placing the seeds into a shed for culturing.

3. The method for creating excellent germplasm of ginkgo safflower strawberry according to claim 2, wherein said method for harvesting comprises: and (4) collecting the peel part of the hybrid mature fruit, drying in the shade, and collecting seeds for later use.

4. The method for creating excellent germplasm of ginkgo safflower strawberry according to claim 2, wherein said seeding method comprises: and (3) sowing the seeds in a container filled with a matrix, and culturing for 10-15 days under the condition that the humidity is more than 85% until the seeds germinate to obtain hybrid strawberry seedlings.

5. The method for creating excellent germplasm of ginkgo safflower strawberry according to claim 2, wherein said transplanting culture step comprises: and transplanting the hybrid strawberry seedlings into a container filled with a matrix, and performing seedling raising and strong seedling management until 3-4 true-leaf hybrid strawberry plants are obtained.

6. The method for creating superior germplasm of the L.rubra & strawberry of claim 4 or 5, wherein the substrate comprises the following components, peat: perlite: vermiculite 3:1: 1.