CN105321532B - 用于能量辅助磁记录的具有宽金属条特征的干涉近场换能器 - Google Patents

用于能量辅助磁记录的具有宽金属条特征的干涉近场换能器 Download PDF

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CN105321532B
CN105321532B CN201510316263.8A CN201510316263A CN105321532B CN 105321532 B CN105321532 B CN 105321532B CN 201510316263 A CN201510316263 A CN 201510316263A CN 105321532 B CN105321532 B CN 105321532B
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waveguide core
equipment according
pspp
metal strip
elements
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CN105321532A (zh
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J·曹
M·V·莫雷利
M·R·吉本斯
P·张
B·V·约翰逊
H·袁
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Western Digital Technologies Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11BINFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/127Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
    • G11B5/31Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive using thin films
    • G11B5/3109Details
    • G11B5/313Disposition of layers
    • G11B5/3133Disposition of layers including layers not usually being a part of the electromagnetic transducer structure and providing additional features, e.g. for improving heat radiation, reduction of power dissipation, adaptations for measurement or indication of gap depth or other properties of the structure
    • G11B5/314Disposition of layers including layers not usually being a part of the electromagnetic transducer structure and providing additional features, e.g. for improving heat radiation, reduction of power dissipation, adaptations for measurement or indication of gap depth or other properties of the structure where the layers are extra layers normally not provided in the transducing structure, e.g. optical layers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11BINFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B2005/0002Special dispositions or recording techniques
    • G11B2005/0005Arrangements, methods or circuits
    • G11B2005/0021Thermally assisted recording using an auxiliary energy source for heating the recording layer locally to assist the magnetization reversal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11BINFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/48Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
    • G11B5/58Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
    • G11B5/60Fluid-dynamic spacing of heads from record-carriers
    • G11B5/6005Specially adapted for spacing from a rotating disc using a fluid cushion
    • G11B5/6088Optical waveguide in or on flying head

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

用于能量辅助磁记录的具有宽金属条特征的干涉近场换能器。本发明涉及一种用于存储盘的能量辅助磁记录的设备,其包括:多个介电波导芯,其被配置为将所接收的入射光能引导到目标;以及近场换能器(NFT),其被配置为聚焦从多个波导芯接收的光能并将所聚焦的光能传输到存储盘表面上以在存储盘上生成加热点。NFT包括由来自波导芯的光能激励的多个传播表面等离子体极化激元(PSPP)元件。每个PSPP元件具有在单个波导芯上方纵向对齐设置的等离子体金属条。每个金属条的宽度是在存储盘上生成的加热点的宽度的至少两倍。

Description

用于能量辅助磁记录的具有宽金属条特征的干涉近场换能器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2014年6月10日提交的美国临时申请第62/010,072号的权益,其全部内容通过引用明确包含在本文中。
背景技术
高密度存储盘被配置有为存储提供所需数据稳定性的多层材料。在对磁盘写入时,介质的磁性质可以被软化以帮助改变比特/位(bit)状态。能量辅助磁记录(EAMR)装置或热辅助磁记录(HAMR)技术提供当在磁存储盘上写入时聚焦在纳米大小的位区域上的热量,这实现磁软化。光波导将来自激光二极管的光引导至近场换能器(NFT)。NFT耦合来自波导(WG)的衍射极限光,然后将超过衍射极限的光场能量进一步聚焦直到高度汇聚的(纳米大小的)近场介质加热点,使得能够实现到磁存储盘的EAMR/HAMR写入。NFT的低效率可能对激光二极管的功率分配和EAMR/HAMR系统寿命具有负面影响。较高的NFT效率允许较低的激光器功率需求,减轻对来自激光源的总体光功率的EAMR/HAMR系统需求,并引起EAMR/HAMR磁头的寄生加热的较低功率,结果是改善的可靠性。
在NFT中,等离子体金属可以用来形成SPP(表面等离子体极化激元),其实现超过光的衍射极限的纳米聚焦功能。高质量等离子体金属依赖于高密度自由电子,其具有弱机械鲁棒性并且易受由EAMR磁头中的热应力或机械应力导致的损坏。在这些应力下,EAMR/HAMR装置的使用寿命受限于在具有精细(纳米大小的)特征的等离子体金属部件诸如在背脊或引脚处发生的NFT故障。
附图说明
现在将参考附图通过举例的方式而非限制的方式在具体实施例中展示本发明的各方面,在附图中:
图1示出示例性硬盘驱动器的图示。
图2示出用两个等离子体金属条形成的近场换能器的示例性实施例的图示。
图3示出用两个等离子体金属条和一个等离子体金属帽形成的近场换能器的示例性实施例的图示。
图4示出用两个等离子体金属条形成并耦合到磁极的近场换能器的示例性实施例的图示。
图5示出用具有中心线的两个等离子体金属条形成的近场换能器的示例性实施例的图示,该中心线偏离介电波导芯中心线。
具体实施方式
在下面关于附图阐述的详细描述旨在作为各种示例性实施例的描述,并且不旨在代表可实践的唯一实施例。详细描述包括用于提供实施例的透彻理解的具体细节。然而,对本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践实施例。在一些实例中,众所周知的结构和部件以框图形式示出以便避免混淆实施例的概念。缩写词和其他描述性术语可以仅为了方便和清晰而使用,并且不旨在限制实施例的范围。
在附图中示出的各种示例性实施例可以不按比例绘制。相反,为清晰起见,各种特征的尺寸可能被放大或缩小。另外,为清晰起见,一些附图可能被简化。因此,附图可以不描绘给定设备的所有部件。
将在本文中参考附图描述各种实施例,附图是理想化配置的示意性图示。就此而言,例如,由于制造技术和/或公差引起的图示形状的变化是可以预期的。因此,贯穿本公开所展示的各种实施例不应解释为局限于在本文中例示和描述的元件的具体形状,而是包括由例如制造引起的形状偏差。举例来说,图示或描述为在其边缘处具有圆形或弯曲特征的元件可替代地具有直边缘。因此,在附图中示出的元件实质上是示意性的,并且它们的形状不旨在示出元件的精确形状,并且不旨在限制所描述实施例的范围。
词语“示例性”在本文中用来意指用作示例、实例或图示。在本文中描述为“示例性”的任何实施例不必解释为是优选的或优于其他实施例。同样,设备或方法的术语“实施例”不要求所有实施例都包括所描述的部件、结构、特征、功能、过程、优点、益处或操作模式。
如本文中所用,在数值之前的术语“约/大约”意指在所提供数值的工程容差内。
在以下具体实施方式中,将在用于在磁存储盘上进行热辅助磁记录的波导与近场换能器之间的分界面的背景下展示本发明的各方面。
图1示出硬盘驱动器111,其包括磁盘驱动器底座114、至少一个可旋转存储盘113(例如,磁盘、磁光盘)以及附接到底座114用于使磁盘113旋转的主轴电机116。主轴电机116通常包括旋转轮毂、附接到轮毂的磁体以及定子,一个或多个磁盘113可以安装并夹紧在轮毂上。至少一个悬臂108支撑至少一个磁头万向节组件(HGA)112,HGA 112保持滑块以及写入器与读取器磁头的磁头组件。斜坡组件100被固定到底座114,并提供用于当HGA 112停放时(即当写入器和读取器磁头空闲时)悬臂108的尖端所搁置的表面。在磁盘驱动器111的记录操作期间,悬臂108在枢轴117处旋转,从而脱离斜坡组件100,并将HGA 112的位置移动到正在旋转的存储盘113上的期望信息磁道。在记录期间,滑块由HGA 112通过面向正在旋转的存储盘113的滑块的空气支承面来悬浮,从而允许写入器磁头在磁性上更改存储位的状态。对于热辅助磁记录,在空气支承面上的近场换能器(NFT)可以耦合来自波导的光能,以在正在旋转的存储盘113上产生加热点,从而在磁性上软化位空间。
图2示出NFT 200的示例性实施例的图示,其中NFT 200布置在承载磁头组件的滑块的空气支承面(ABS)210处。ABS 210是滑块面向存储盘113的表面。当滑块在存储盘113上方飞行时,气垫维持在滑块与磁盘113之间。如图所示,两个介电波导(WG)芯211、212均被布置为将光能传递到NFT 200。光能可以通过可由分光器(未示出)分成两半的普通激光二极管光源(未示出)生成。为了相长干涉和到存储盘113的最大能量发射,介电波导芯211、212可以具有相等的长度以确保在ABS 210处的组合能量波基本上处于相位对齐。可替换地,介电波导芯211、212可以具有不相等的长度,使得入射能量波可以在ABS 210处具有优化相长干涉和最大能量幅值的特别相位差。两个波导芯211、212是基本线性的,并且以在0度和180度之间(例如约90度,如图2所示)的内角会聚于接近ABS 210的接头/接合处(junction)。波导芯的介电材料可以是例如Ta2O5
如图2的剖面图所示,NFT 200包括可以在纵向方向上设置在波导芯212上方的等离子体金属条元件202,其中等离子条元件202的中心线沿波导芯212表面的中心线近似对齐。类似地,等离子体金属条201可以设置在波导芯211上方,如图2所示。来自靠近等离子体金属条201、202的介电波导芯211、212的光能沿等离子体金属条201、202的表面朝向ABS210激励传播表面等离子体极化激元(PSPP)。因此,每个等离子金属条元件201、202可以充当PSPP元件。如剖面图所示,可以在等离子体金属条201、202与介电波导芯211、212之间存在(例如,约20nm的)间隙。可替换地,该间隙可以被省略,并且至少对于等离子体金属条201、202的一部分来说,等离子体金属条201、202可以直接接触介电波导芯211、212。两个介电波导芯211、212和整个NFT 200可以由二氧化硅材料封装。等离子体金属条201、202的材料可以是例如金合金。可以用来形成等离子体金属条201、202的等离子体金属的其他示例包括银或铜合金。
等离子体金属条元件201、202可以如图2所示进行配置,在介电波导芯211、212的接头上方会聚到该接头。等离子体金属条元件的接头可以在共同平面上形成,或者可以通过将一个元件重叠在另一元件之上来形成。等离子体金属条元件201、202的接头可以在ABS210处形成。例如,通过在ABS 210处暴露的金属条接头,NFT能量输出发射器可以在ABS 210处形成,最大能量从ABS 210跨气垫传播并传播到存储盘113表面上。发射器的物理尺寸(即暴露的等离子体金属条接头的宽度)可以近似等于磁盘113的表面上的聚焦加热点的大小。加热点的目标大小取决于滑块在磁道上方飞行时的磁道大小,其可以是例如约10nm-70nm宽。加热点的大小还取决于ABS 210与磁盘113之间的距离。加热点的聚焦可以通过最小化间隙距离来优化。等离子体金属条元件201、202的宽度可以近似等于介电波导芯211、212的宽度(即,等离子体金属条元件201、202的宽度可以稍宽于或稍窄于波导芯211、212的宽度)。例如,等离子体金属条的宽度可以在约120nm-350nm的范围内,或者在诸如150nm-300nm的更窄范围内。在一个实施例中,等离子体金属条201、202的宽度可以是在存储盘113上生成的加热点的宽度的至少两倍。在另一实施例中,等离子体金属条201、202的宽度可以是在存储盘113上生成的加热点的宽度的至少三到六倍。
为了在使用宽等离子体金属条时实现加热点宽度的所需要的聚焦,NFT 200可以配置有以下特征中的一个或多个。发射器可以被配置为使得暴露的等离子体金属的宽度约等于加热点的期望宽度。发射器宽度可以通过搭叠(lap)ABS 210来控制,直到暴露的等离子体金属条的接头的宽度尺寸处于可接受的范围内。同样,NFT 200可以配置有具有不相等长度的PSPP元件201、202,使得在ABS 210处的相长干涉为加热点产生期望的聚焦宽度。
如图2所示的两个PSPP元件配置可以提供与单个PSPP元件的配置相比约两倍的电场量值,该单个PSPP元件垂直于ABS 210布置并且由波导系统中的公用总输入功率驱动。由两个PSPP元件201、202产生的相长干涉允许改善来自激光二极管光源的能量输送的效率,这转变为EAMR/HAMR装置的较长使用寿命。为了优化两个PSPP元件配置的效率,每个PSPP元件201、202被配置有长度L,该长度是从介电波导芯到PSPP元件201、202的耦合长度Lc的整数倍(例如,对于1200nm的Lc,PSPP元件201、202的长度应为约a(1200nm),其中a是整数值)。由于具有约等于aLc的长度L的PSPP元件201、202,确保了最大能量传递从ABS 210处的PSPP元件201、202传播。如果PSPP元件201、202的长度偏离aLc,至介电波导芯211、212的一些能量波可能丢失。
图3示出NFT 300的示例性实施例,通过在NFT 300中添加等离子体金属帽305,该示例性实施例是图2的示例性实施例的变体。如图3所示,等离子体金属帽305可以被配置为具有与ABS 310基本对齐的直边缘的半圆周。金属帽的大小可以是例如直径1000nm。等离子体金属帽305的厚度不是实现精确的纳米大小加热点的重要因素,因此该厚度可以根据提供适当热传递以便控制NFT 300中的峰值温度来配置。作为示例,等离子体金属帽305的厚度可以大于30nm。金属帽305可以被配置成不同于半圆形的其他形状,诸如矩形或多边形。等离子体金属条元件301、302可以耦合到上面的等离子体金属帽305。为了图示说明的目的,等离子体金属元件305被描绘成透明的以显示在下面的金属条301、302。如剖面图所示,在等离子体金属条301、302与介电波导芯311、312之间可以存在间隙(例如约20nm)。可替换地,该间隙可以被省略,并且至少对于等离子体金属条301、302的一部分,等离子体金属条301、302可以直接接触介电波导芯311、313。两个介电波导芯311、313和整个NFT 300可以由二氧化硅材料封装。等离子体金属帽305的材料可以是例如金合金。可以用来形成等离子体金属帽305的等离子体金属的其他示例包括银或铜合金。
NFT 200和NFT 300实施例不必局限于如图2和图3所示的两个干涉PSPP元件。在可替换实施例中,N(正整数)个PSPP元件在ABS处干涉,由波导系统中的公用总输入功率驱动的这些PSPP元件可以提供约N倍的电场量值。N的值可以增大超过2或3,直到EAMR磁头的三维布局之内的其他寄生干涉变为限制因素。对于N≥3,PSPP元件可以被布置成三维构形(即不是所有的NPT都必须存在于共同的二维平面中)。
等离子体金属条的数目可以相对于介电波导芯的数目而变化。例如,作为对图2和图3所示的NFT 200和NFT 300的可替换方面,两个金属条可以并排设置在单个波导上面,其中金属条的总宽度约等于波导的宽度。
图4示出一个示例性实施例作为图3所示的NFT 300的变体,其中用于写入器磁头的磁极407可以耦合到等离子体金属帽405。等离子体金属条401、402被设置在波导芯411、412上方。薄扩散阻挡层408可以被设置在磁极407与等离子体金属帽405之间,以防止磁极的铁质材料与等离子体金属帽405中的合金材料之间的扩散。等离子体金属帽405用作磁极407的散热器和挡光块。在可替换实施例中,磁极407可以从ABS 410凹入。磁极407不需要位于NFT 400的等离子体金属帽405上方的中心处。
图5示出NFT 500的示例性实施例,其中等离子体金属条501、502的中心线偏离介电波导芯511、512的中心线531、532。通过该NFT特征,提供对ABS 510处的光能的相加干涉的额外控制,以在使用较宽的PSPP元件501、502时为存储盘113上的加热点实现期望的纳米大小的聚焦宽度。如图所示,两个等离子体金属条501、502中的每一个沿其相应的波导芯511、512纵向设置。在两个金属条501、502的接头处,金属在ABS 510处暴露出,以形成激光的发射器,如上面关于图2所描述。然而,图5所示的实施例不同于图2所示的实施例,因为波导芯511、512的接头不暴露于ABS 510(即波导芯接头的外边缘从ABS 510凹入),而等离子体金属条501、502的偏移接头延伸到ABS 510以形成发射器。发射器的宽度可以大于或等于存储盘113上的加热点的宽度。在一个实施例中,两个金属条501、502的相加干涉可以将激光点聚焦到比发射器宽度更小的宽度。
图5所示的具有从ABS 510凹入的波导芯接合处的NFT 500实施例可以产生具有旁瓣的能量波,这些旁瓣来自于从波导漏泄的光能并且足够弱以至于不能穿过NFT 500到ABS510。通过防止旁瓣的传输,可以减轻存储盘113上的交替的磁道干涉。图5所示的NFT 500实施例可以配置有或没有如关于图3描述的等离子体金属帽。
上述实施例采用具有鲁棒宽度的等离子体金属条,与在典型EAMR/HAMR装置中使用的尺寸小得多的等离子体元件比较,其能够更好地承受苛刻的工作条件,同时仍能够输送在存储盘表面所需的加热点的精确聚焦。
提供本公开的各方面以使本领域技术人员能够实践本发明。对贯穿本公开提出的示例性实施例的各种修改对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,并且在本文中公开的概念可扩展到其他装置。因此,权利要求不旨在被限于本公开的各方面,而是根据与权利要求的语言一致的全部范围。本领域技术人员已知或稍后得知的贯穿本公开描述的示例性实施例的各种部件的所有结构和功能等效物通过引用明确结合在本文中,并且旨在被权利要求涵盖。此外,在本文中公开的任何内容不旨在专属于公众,无论这种公开是否在权利要求中明白地引述。没有权利要求要素将要在35U.S.C.§112(f)的条款下解释,除非使用短语“用于…的装置”明确引述该要素,或者在方法权利要求的情况下使用短语“用于…的步骤”来引述该要素。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于存储盘的能量辅助磁记录的设备,其包括:
多个介电波导芯,其被配置为从能量源接收入射光能并将所述入射光能引导到目标;以及
近场换能器,其形成在空气支承面处,并且被配置为聚焦从所述多个波导芯接收的所述光能并将所聚焦的光能传输到所述存储盘表面上,以在所述存储盘上生成加热点,所述近场换能器包括:
多个传播表面等离子体极化激元元件即PSPP元件,其由来自所述波导芯的所述光能激励,其中每个所述PSPP元件包括在单个波导芯的表面上方与所述波导芯纵向对齐设置的等离子体金属条,每个金属条的宽度是在所述存储盘上生成的所述加热点的宽度的至少两倍。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括设置在所述PSPP元件上方并耦合到所述PSPP元件的等离子体金属帽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述等离子体金属帽被配置有与所述空气支承面对齐的直边缘。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述等离子体金属帽被配置有足够用于散热器的厚度,以控制所述近场换能器的峰值温度。
5.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述等离子体金属帽被配置有可变厚度。
6.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述等离子体金属帽被配置有用于耦合到所述PSPP元件的平坦表面。
7.根据权利要求2所述的设备,进一步包括设置在所述等离子体金属帽上方的磁极。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中在所述多个PSPP元件中的每一个与相应波导芯的对应表面之间存在间隙。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中
每个所述波导芯与对应的PSPP元件是基本线性的,并包括第一端和第二端,
所有PSPP元件的所述第一端在接近所述空气支承面的接合点处连接在一起,所述接合点的至少一部分暴露在所述空气支承面上。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中多于一个PSPP元件沿所述多个波导芯中的至少一个设置。
11.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述多个波导芯和对应的PSPP元件相对于所述空气支承面被配置成三维架构。
12.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述多个PSPP元件在所述目标处提供所述入射光能的相长干涉。
13.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述PSPP元件的宽度约等于所述波导芯的宽度。
14.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中每个所述PSPP元件被设置在波导芯上方,使得所述PSPP元件的中心线偏离所述波导芯的中心线。
15.一种磁存储盘驱动器,其包括:
可旋转磁存储盘;
激光二极管;
多个介电波导芯,其被配置为从所述激光二极管接收入射光能并将所述入射光能引导到目标;以及
近场换能器,其形成在空气支承面处,并且被配置为聚焦从所述多个波导芯接收的所述光能并将所聚焦的光能传输到所述存储盘表面上,以在所述存储盘上生成加热点,所述近场换能器包括:
多个传播表面等离子体极化激元元件即PSPP元件,其由来自所述波导芯的所述光能激励,其中每个所述PSPP元件包括在单个波导芯的表面上方与所述波导芯纵向对齐设置的等离子体金属条,每个金属条的宽度是在所述存储盘上生成的所述加热点的宽度的至少两倍。
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