CN105315425B - 二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105315425B
CN105315425B CN201510660415.6A CN201510660415A CN105315425B CN 105315425 B CN105315425 B CN 105315425B CN 201510660415 A CN201510660415 A CN 201510660415A CN 105315425 B CN105315425 B CN 105315425B
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汪金
张红明
王献红
王佛松
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Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法,属于聚氨酯涂料技术领域。解决了现有技术中聚(碳酸酯‑醚)型水性聚氨酯涂料玻璃化转变温度较高、涂膜较硬的问题。该涂料由75~92重量份的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、0.2~2重量份的水性增稠剂、0.1~0.3重量份的水性流平剂、0.1~0.5重量份的水性消泡剂、6~8重量份的水性助溶剂、0.3~0.5重量份的水性润湿剂、0.05~0.1重量份的水性防毒杀菌剂和2~5重量份的水性固化剂组成。该涂料的拉伸强度达到12~65MPa,断裂伸长率达到590~1300%,玻璃化转变温度达到﹣30~0℃,硬度达到2B~F,具备广阔的应用前景。

Description

二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制 备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法,属于聚氨酯涂料技术领域。
背景技术
聚氨酯涂料因其涂膜具有良好的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、耐化学品性、机械性能等优点,已广泛用于家居涂装、金属防腐、汽车涂装、地板漆、路标漆等。
现有的聚氨酯涂料主要有溶剂型聚氨酯涂料和水性聚氨酯涂料。其中,溶剂型聚氨酯涂料易挥发,随着人们对环保及安全问题的重视,限制了它的使用。水性聚氨酯涂料以水为分散介质,既保留了溶剂型聚氨酯涂料的部分优点,又从根本上解决了溶剂型聚氨酯涂料易挥发的问题,能够将聚氨酯涂料机械性能好、附着力强、耐磨性好等优点与水性涂料溶剂低挥发的优点相结合,具有毒性小、不易燃烧、低污染性、节能、安全等优点,具备十分广阔的应用前景。
现有技术中,水性聚氨酯涂料的主要原料为聚酯型水性聚氨酯和聚醚型水性聚氨酯,聚酯型水性聚氨酯具有耐水解性差的缺点,聚醚型水性聚氨酯具有耐氧化性能及机械性能差的缺点。为了解决这一技术问题,中国专利公开了一种聚(碳酸酯-醚)型水性聚氨酯、聚(碳酸酯-醚)型水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法(公开号103044650A),采用聚(碳酸酯-醚)型二元醇为原料,制备聚(碳酸酯-醚)型水性聚氨酯,并以此水性聚氨酯为主要原料制备水性聚氨酯涂料,该水性聚氨酯具备良好的耐水解、耐氧化及机械性能,具有替代聚酯型水性聚氨酯和聚醚型水性聚氨酯的潜质,但是该水性聚氨酯涂料的玻璃化转变温度较高、涂膜较硬,在某种程度上限制了它的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有聚(碳酸酯-醚)型水性聚氨酯涂料玻璃化转变温度较高、涂膜较硬的技术问题,进一步提高其机械性能,提供一种二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法。
本发明的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯,结构式如式Ⅰ或式Ⅱ所示;
式Ⅰ和式Ⅱ中,
-R为
-R1-为
-R2-为其中,m1和n1均为聚合度,6≤m1≤40,10≤n1≤100;
-R3-为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-;
R4NH4或Na;
-R5或H3C-;
R6为Cl、
-R7-为 其中,n2、n3、n4、n5和n6均为聚合度,5≤n2≤15,5≤n3≤30,5≤n4≤30,13≤n5≤40,9≤n6≤27。
本发明的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)惰性气氛保护下,将聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇、聚酯二元醇/聚醚二元醇与二异氰酸酯本体聚合,得到第一中间产物体系;
(2)第一中间产物体系、亲水扩链剂和催化剂在溶剂下反应,得到第二中间产物体系;
(3)第二中间产物体系与二异氰酸酯在溶剂下反应,得到第三中间产物体系;
(4)第三中间产物体系与小分子二元醇扩链剂在溶剂下反应,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)大分子聚氨酯体系与中和剂反应,抽出溶剂,得到二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯;
所述步骤(2)的亲水扩链剂为羧酸类亲水扩链剂,步骤(5)的中和剂为胺类中和剂;
或者步骤(2)的亲水扩链剂为胺类亲水扩链剂,步骤(5)的中和剂为酸类中和剂。
含有上述二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料,其组分及重量份为:
上述二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将75~92重量份的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、0.1~0.5重量份的水性消泡剂、0.1~0.3重量份的水性流平剂、0.05~0.1重量份的水性防毒杀菌剂、0.3~0.5重量份的水性润湿剂及0.2~2重量份的水性增稠剂加入搅拌装置,搅拌2~4h后,得到混合物;
(2)向所述混合物中加入6~8重量份的水性助溶剂和2~5重量份的水性固化剂,搅拌0.5~1h后,得到二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯含有聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇和聚酯二元醇/聚醚二元醇嵌段,既保留了只含有聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇嵌段的水性聚氨酯的良好的耐氧化性和耐水解性,又具备较低的玻璃化转变温度和良好的机械性能;
2、本发明的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料基于二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯,既保留了现有技术中水性聚氨酯涂料良好的耐氧化性和耐水解性,又解决了现有技术中水性聚氨酯涂料玻璃化转变温度较高、涂膜硬度高的缺点,且机械强度得到了进一步的提升,经实验检测,本发明的水性聚氨酯涂料拉伸强度达到12~65MPa,断裂伸长率达到590%~1300%,玻璃化转变温度达到﹣30~0℃,涂膜硬度为F~2B。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯(式Ⅰ)的1H核磁谱图;
图2为实施例4的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯(式Ⅱ)的1H核磁谱图;
图3为实施例1的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯(式Ⅰ)的傅里叶红外谱图;
图4为实施例4的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯(式Ⅱ)傅里叶红外谱图。
具体实施方法
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的优选实施方案进行描述,但是应当理解,这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点而不是对本发明专利要求的限制。
二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯,数据分子量一般为30000~90000道尔顿,结构式为式Ⅰ或式Ⅱ:
式Ⅰ和式Ⅱ中,
-R为
-R1-为
-R2-为其中,m1和n1均为聚合度,6≤m1≤40,10≤n1≤100;
-R3-为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-;
R4NH4或Na;
-R5或H3C-;
R6为Cl、
-R7-为 其中,n2~n6代表聚合度,n2为5~15的整数,n3和n4分别为5~30的整数,n5为13~40的整数,n6为9~27的整数;
代表相应结构式中以R封端的任意一个或多个链段,该表达方式为聚氨酯领域技术人员熟知表达方式。
二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)惰性气氛保护下,将聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇、聚酯二元醇/聚醚二元醇与二异氰酸酯本体聚合,得到第一中间产物体系;
(2)第一中间产物体系、亲水扩链剂和催化剂在溶剂下反应,得到第二中间产物体系;
(3)第二中间产物体系与二异氰酸酯在溶剂下反应,得到第三中间产物体系;
(4)第三中间产物体系与小分子二元醇扩链剂在溶剂下反应,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)大分子聚氨酯体系与中和剂反应,抽出溶剂,得到二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯;
其中,步骤(2)的亲水扩链剂为羧酸类亲水扩链剂,步骤(5)的中和剂为胺类中和剂;或者步骤(2)的亲水扩链剂为胺类亲水扩链剂,步骤(5)的中和剂为酸类中和剂。
上述制备方法中,聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇为本领域公知技术,可以按照本领域公知技术进行制备,详见专利CN102432857,本发明采用的聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇的数均分子量在1500~6000道尔顿,碳酸酯基团含量一般在25%~75%。
上述制备方法中,聚酯二元醇、聚醚二元醇、二异氰酸酯、小分子二元醇扩链剂、羧酸类亲水扩链剂、胺类中和剂、胺类亲水扩链剂以及酸类中和剂皆为本领域常用物质,可以通过商购获得,没有特殊限制。优选的,聚酯二元醇采用聚己内酯二元醇或聚己二酸丁二醇酯,数均分子量均在1000~3000道尔顿。聚醚二元醇采用聚丙二醇或聚四氢呋喃二元醇,数均分子量均在1000~3000道尔顿。二异氰酸酯采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,6-己二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯或二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。小分子二元醇扩链剂采用乙二醇、丁二醇、一缩二乙二醇或二缩三乙二醇。羧酸类亲水扩链剂采用2,2-二羟甲基丙酸或2,2-二羟甲基丁酸,胺类中和剂采用三乙胺、氨水或氢氧化钠。胺类亲水扩链剂采用二羟乙基苯胺或N-甲基二乙醇胺。酸类中和剂采用盐酸、三氟乙酸或乙酸。工业生产中,溶剂一般皆采用丁酮。惰性气氛一般为氮气。
作为优选方案,上述式Ⅰ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)氮气保护下,将150~750重量份的聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇与250~600重量份的聚酯二元醇/聚醚二元醇加入反应装置中,升温至90~115℃,减压蒸馏2~3h后,降温至70~85℃,将100~160重量份的二异氰酸酯溶于150~200重量份的丁酮中,然后以10~15ml/min速度滴入反应装置中,聚合1.5~2.5h后,得到含有末端带有NCO的第一预聚物的体系,即第一中间产物体系;
(2)将50~100重量份的羧酸类亲水扩链剂和0.2~0.6重量份的二月桂酸二丁基锡溶于100~320重量份的丁酮,加入上述反应装置中,继续反应2~4h后,得到含有OH封端的第二预聚物的体系,即第二中间产物体系;
(3)将50~120重量份的二异氰酸酯溶于100~350重量份的丁酮,以12~15ml/min速度滴入上述反应装置中,继续反应1.5~3h,得到含有NCO封端的第三预聚体的体系,即第三中间产物体系;
(4)将9~60重量份的小分子二元醇扩链剂溶于150~1500重量份的丁酮,缓慢加入上述反应装置中,继续反应2~3h后,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)向大分子聚氨酯体系中继续加入20~60重量份的胺类中和剂和1800~2600重量份的去离子水,以800~1200rpm的速度搅拌1~2h,经旋蒸抽出丁酮,得到具有式Ⅰ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
作为优选方案,上述式Ⅱ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)氮气保护下,将250~500重量份的聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇与300~600重量份的聚酯二元醇/聚醚二元醇加入反应装置中,升温至90~115℃,减压蒸馏2~3h后,降温至70~85℃,将100~250重量份的二异氰酸酯溶于150~250重量份丁酮,以12~15ml/min速度滴入反应装置中,聚合2~2.5h后,得到含有末端带有NCO的第一预聚物的体系,即第一中间产物体系;
(2)将50~100重量份的胺类亲水扩链剂和0.2~0.5重量份的二月桂酸二丁基锡溶于200~400重量份的丁酮,加入上述反应装置中,继续反应2~4h后,得到OH封端的第二预聚物的体系,即第二中间产物体系;
(3)将70~100重量份的二异氰酸酯溶于150~350重量份的丁酮,以12~15ml/min速度滴入反应装置中,继续反应2~3h后,得到含有末端带有NCO的第三预聚物体系,即第三中间产物体系;
(4)将10~60重量份的小分子二元醇溶于300~500重量份丁酮,缓慢加入反应装置,反应2~3h后,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)向大分子聚氨酯体系中加入20~70重量份的酸类中和剂和2000~3000重量份的去离子水,以800~1200rpm的速度搅拌1~2h,经旋蒸抽出丁酮,得到具有式Ⅱ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
本发明的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料,主要由75~92重量份的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、0.2~2重量份的水性增稠剂、0.1~0.3重量份的水性流平剂、0.1~0.5重量份的水性消泡剂、6~8重量份的水性助溶剂、0.3~0.5重量份的水性润湿剂、0.05~0.1重量份的水性防毒杀菌剂和2~5重量份的水性固化剂组成,根据实际使用需求,可能还含有其他助剂;
其中,水性增稠剂、水性流平剂、水性润湿剂、水性消泡剂、水性助溶剂、水性润湿剂、水性防毒杀菌剂以及水性固化剂均可通过本领域公知公司购买。一般,水性增稠剂优选采用BENAQUA1000、BENAQUA4000、WT-113、WT115或WT-120。水性流平剂优选采用BYK公司的BYK-350、BYK-356、BYK-359、BYK-361N或BYK-381。水性消泡剂优选采用BYK公司的BYK-019、BYK-021、BYK-028、BYK-A 500、BYK-A501或BYK-A 550。水性助溶剂优选采异丙醇、乙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇丁醚、丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇丁醚或二丙二醇丁醚。水性润湿剂优选采用BYK公司的BYK-187、BYK-3400或BYK-3410。水性防毒杀菌剂优选采BIOCIDE D10。水性固化剂优选采水性多异氰酸酯,更优选是,3100、XP 2487/1、XP2547或XP 2451。
上述二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将75~92重量份的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、0.1~0.5重量份的水性消泡剂、0.1~0.3重量份的水性流平剂、0.05~0.1重量份的水性防毒杀菌剂、0.3~0.5重量份的水性润湿剂及0.2~2重量份的水性增稠剂加入高速搅拌机,经800~1000rpm搅拌2~4h,得到混合物;
(2)向上述混合物中加入6~8重量份的水性助溶剂和2~5重量份的水性固化剂,经720~800rpm搅拌0.5~1h后,得到二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料。
下面结合对比例及实施例进一步阐述本发明。例中所提及的化学试剂均可商购。
对比例1(基于专利CN 103044650A)
聚(碳酸酯-醚)型水性聚氨酯的制备:
(1)氮气保护下,将470g聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇(数均分子量:1500道尔顿)加入反应釜内,升温至90℃,减压蒸馏1h后,降温至85℃,加入150g丁酮,以11ml/min速度将250g的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯滴入反应釜,聚合3h后,得到第一中间产物;
(2)继续往反应釜中加入220g丁酮,温度降至75℃,将0.03g二月桂酸二丁基锡和80g 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸均分成三批加入反应釜中,反应1.5h后得到第二中间产物;
(3)继续往反应釜中加入390g丁酮和21g丁二醇,升温至90℃反应2.5h后,加入1800g去离子水,以20ml/min的速度加入50g三乙胺,以1200rpm的速度搅拌1.5h,经旋蒸抽出丁酮,得到聚(碳酸酯-醚)型水性聚氨酯。
实施例1
结合图1和图3说明实施例1
具有式Ⅰ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备:
(1)氮气保护下,将200g聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇(数均分子量:1500道尔顿)与270g聚丙二醇(数均分子量:2000道尔顿)加入反应釜内,升温至100℃,减压蒸馏3h后,降温至80℃,将150g的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于150g丁酮,以12ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,聚合2.5h后,得到末端带有NCO的第一预聚物;
(2)将80g 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和0.4g二月桂酸二丁基锡溶于250g丁酮,加入反应釜中,继续反应4h后,得到OH封端的第二预聚物;
(3)将100g二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于340g丁酮,以15ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合2.5h后,得到末端带有NCO的第三预聚物;
(4)将21g丁二醇溶于410g丁酮,缓慢加入反应釜中,继续反应3h后,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)向大分子聚氨酯体系中加入50g三乙胺和1800g去离子水,以950rpm的速度搅拌1.5h,经旋蒸抽出丁酮,得到具有式Ⅰ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
对得到的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯进行核磁分析,结果如图1所示,由图1可知,存在以下吸收峰:1.14ppm,1.28ppm,1.44ppm,1.61ppm,1.91ppm,2.31ppm,2.82ppm,3.4ppm,3.55ppm,3.72ppm,3.89ppm,4.11ppm,4.19ppm,4.24ppm,4.91ppm,5.01ppm,5.37ppm,7.08ppm,7.12ppm,7.29ppm。
对得到的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯进行傅里叶红外分析,结果如图3所示,由图3可知,存在以下吸收峰:3312cm-1,3192cm-1,3122cm-1,3040cm-1,2976cm-1,2935cm-1,2900cm-1,2877cm-1,1734cm-1,1600cm-1,1534cm-1,1459cm-1,1414cm-1,1376cm-1,1349cm-1,1313cm-1,1229cm-1,1162cm-1,1071cm-1,1020cm-1,977cm-1,924cm-1,854cm-1,822cm-1,787cm-1,771cm-1,659cm-1,638cm-1,613cm-1
结合图1和图3,说明本发明制备了具有式Ⅰ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
实施例2
具有式Ⅰ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备:
(1)氮气保护下,将680g聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇(数均分子量:3400道尔顿)与600g聚四氢呋喃二元醇(数均分子量:3000道尔顿)加入反应釜内,升温至100℃,减压蒸馏3h后,降温至80℃,将160g的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于160g丁酮,以10ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,聚合2.5h后,得到末端带有NCO的第一预聚物;
(2)将90g 2,2-二羟甲基丁酸和0.5g二月桂酸二丁基锡溶于280g丁酮,加入反应釜中,继续反应4h后,得到OH封端的第二预聚物;
(3)将110g二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于320g丁酮,以14ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合3h后,得到末端带有NCO的第三预聚物;
(4)将32g二缩三乙二醇溶于480g丁酮,缓慢加入反应釜中,继续反应3h后,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)向大分子聚氨酯体系中加入30g氨水(28%)和2500g去离子水,以1100rpm的速度搅拌2h,经旋蒸抽出丁酮,得到具有式Ⅰ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
对得到的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯进行核磁分析,存在以下吸收峰:
1.15ppm,1.20,1.27ppm,1.47ppm,1.47,1.63ppm,1.92ppm,2.33ppm,2.85ppm,3.43ppm,3.53ppm,3.72ppm,4.13ppm,4.18ppm,4.24ppm,4.91ppm,5.01ppm,5.37ppm。
实施例3
具有式Ⅰ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备:
(1)氮气保护下,将720g聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇(数均分子量:6000道尔顿)与560g聚己内酯二元醇(数均分子量:2000道尔顿)加入反应釜内,升温至100℃,减压蒸馏3h后,降温至80℃,将100g的1,6-己二异氰酸酯溶于200g丁酮,以11ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合2h后,得到末端带有NCO的第一预聚物;
(2)将80g 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和0.6g二月桂酸二丁基锡溶于310g丁酮,加入反应釜中,继续反应2h后,得到OH封端的第二预聚物;
(3)将70g 1,6-己二异氰酸酯溶于280g丁酮,以13ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合2h后,得到末端带有NCO的第三预聚物;
(4)53g一缩二乙二醇溶于430g丁酮,缓慢加入反应釜中,继续反应2h后,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)大分子聚氨酯体系中加入20g氢氧化钠和2600g去离子水,以1000rpm的速度搅拌1.5h,经旋蒸抽出丁酮,得到具有式Ⅰ二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
对得到的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯进行核磁分析,存在以下吸收峰:
1.13ppm,1.27ppm,1.44ppm,1.52ppm,1.61ppm,1.93ppm,2.32ppm,2.87ppm,3.19ppm,3.43ppm,3.56ppm,3.74ppm,4.13ppm,4.19ppm,4.24ppm,4.92ppm,5.01ppm,5.37ppm.
实施例4
结合图2和图4说明实施例1
具有式Ⅱ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备:
(1)氮气保护下,将250g聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇(数均分子量:2000道尔顿)与560g聚己二酸丁二酯二元醇(数均分子量:2000道尔顿)加入反应釜内,升温至100℃,减压蒸馏3h后,降温至80℃,将150g的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于250g丁酮,以15ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合2h后,得到末端带有NCO的第一预聚物;
(2)将60g N-甲基二乙醇胺和0.5g二月桂酸二丁基锡溶于250g丁酮,加入反应釜中,继续反应2h后,得到OH封端的第二预聚物;
(3)将100g二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于280g丁酮,以13ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合2h后,得到末端带有NCO的第三预聚物;
(4)将10g丁二醇溶于350g丁酮,缓慢加入反应釜中,继续反应2h后,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)大分子聚氨酯体系中加入57g三氟乙酸和2000g去离子水,以1100rpm的速度搅拌1.5h,经旋蒸抽出丁酮,得到具有式Ⅱ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
对得到的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯进行核磁分析,结果如图2所示,由图2可知,存在以下吸收峰:1.16ppm,1.24ppm,1.51ppm,1.60ppm,1.99ppm,2.29ppm,2.51ppm,2.75ppm,3.27ppm,3.50ppm,3.65ppm,3.78ppm,4.19ppm,4.25ppm,4.88ppm,5.00ppm,7.09ppm,7.37ppm。
对得到的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯进行傅里叶红外分析,结果如图4所示,由图4可知,存在以下吸收峰:3342cm-1,3189cm-1,3120cm-1,3037cm-1,2954cm-1,2874cm-1,1732cm-1,1601cm-1,1538cm-1,1456cm-1,1413cm-1,1394cm-1,1360cm-1,1312cm-1,1232cm-1,1173cm-1,1138cm-1,1071cm-1,1018cm-1,972cm-1,919cm-1,854cm-1,820cm-1,789cm-1,769cm-1,638cm-1,611cm-1,582cm-1,512cm-1
结合图2和图4,说明本发明制备了具有式Ⅱ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
实施例5
具有式Ⅱ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备:
(1)氮气保护下,将300g聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇(数均分子量:1500道尔顿)与400g聚四氢呋喃二元醇(数均分子量:2000道尔顿)加入反应釜内,升温至100℃,减压蒸馏3h后,降温至80℃,将120g的2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯溶于150g丁酮,以14ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合2h后,得到末端带有NCO的第一预聚物;
(2)将90g二羟乙基苯胺和0.2g二月桂酸二丁基锡溶于300g丁酮,加入反应釜中,继续反应3h后,得到OH封端的第二预聚物;
(3)将70g二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯溶于320g丁酮,以13ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合2.5h后,得到末端带有NCO的第三预聚物;
(4)将32g二缩三乙二醇溶于350g丁酮,缓慢加入反应釜中,继续反应2h后,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)大分子聚氨酯体系中加入60g盐酸(30%)和2100g去离子水,以1000rpm的速度搅拌1h,经旋蒸抽出丁酮,得到具有式Ⅱ二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
对得到的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯进行核磁分析,存在以下吸收峰:
1.14ppm,1.27ppm,1.48ppm,1.62ppm,1.90ppm,2.33ppm,2.89ppm,3.43ppm,3.55ppm,3.72ppm,4.11ppm,4.19ppm,4.24ppm,4.91ppm,5.01ppm,5.37ppm,7.2ppm,7.3ppm,7.9ppm。
实施例6
具有式Ⅱ结构的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备:
(1)氮气保护下,400g聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇(数均分子量:6000道尔顿)与330g聚己内酯二元醇(数均分子量:1000道尔顿)加入反应釜内,升温至100℃,减压蒸馏3h后,降温至80℃,将133g的异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯溶于150g丁酮,以13ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合2.5h后,得到末端带有NCO的第一预聚物;
(2)将90g二羟乙基对甲苯胺和0.5g二月桂酸二丁基锡溶于300g丁酮,加入反应釜中,继续反应3.5h后,得到OH封端的第二预聚物;
(3)将90g异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯溶于300g丁酮,以15ml/min速度滴入反应釜中,继续聚合2.5h后,得到末端带有NCO的第三预聚物;
(4)将53g一缩二乙二醇溶于450g丁酮,缓慢加入反应釜中,继续反应3h后,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)大分子聚氨酯体系中加入30g乙酸和2400g去离子水,以900rpm的速度搅拌1.5h,经旋蒸抽出丁酮,得到具有式Ⅱ二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯。
对得到的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯进行核磁分析,存在以下吸收峰:
1.16ppm,1.29ppm,1.45ppm,1.6ppm,1.71ppm,1.91ppm,2.33ppm,2.76ppm,2.82ppm,3.02ppm,3.4ppm,3.55ppm,3.72ppm,3.89ppm,4.10ppm,4.18ppm,4.23ppm,4.92ppm,5.03ppm,5.37ppm,7.08ppm,7.12ppm,7.29ppm
实施例7
按表1的物料比,以以下方法制备水性聚氨酯涂料:
(1)将75~92重量份的水性聚氨酯、0.1~0.5重量份的水性消泡剂、0.1~0.3重量份的水性流平剂、0.05~0.1重量份的水性防毒杀菌剂、0.3~0.5重量份的水性润湿剂及0.2~2重量份的水性增稠剂加入高速搅拌机,经800~1000rpm搅拌2~4h,得到混合物;
(2)向所述混合物中加入6~8重量份的水性助溶剂和2~5重量份的水性固化剂,经720~800rpm搅拌0.5~1h后得到二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料,分别记为WPU-1,WPU-2,WPU-3,WPU-4,WPU-5,WPU-6以及WPU-7。
分别将二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料WPU-1,WPU-2,WPU-3,WPU-4,WPU-5、WPU-6及WPU-7均匀涂覆在聚四氟乙烯盘中,厚度150~200um,75℃下干燥5h后,真空烘箱50℃下8h完全干燥后,对得到的涂膜进行拉伸、扫描差式量热及硬度测试,结果见表2。
表1水性聚氨酯涂料物料组成配比
表2水性聚氨酯涂料涂膜性能测试结果
结合表2可以看出,本发明的水性聚氨酯涂料WPU-2~WPU-7与对比例1中的水性聚氨酯涂料WPU-1与相比,具备较低的玻璃化转变温度、较低的涂膜硬度,且机械强度得到了进一步的提升。

Claims (10)

1.二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯,其特征在于,结构式如式Ⅰ或式Ⅱ所示;
式Ⅰ和式Ⅱ中,
-R为
-R1-为
-R2-为其中,m1和n1均为聚合度,6≤m1≤40,10≤n1≤100;
-R3-为-CH2-或-CH2CH2-;
R4NH4或Na;
-R5
R6为Cl、
-R7-为 其中,n2、n3、n4、n5和n6均为聚合度,5≤n2≤15,5≤n3≤30,5≤n4≤30,13≤n5≤40,9≤n6≤27。
2.权利要求1所述的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)惰性气氛保护下,将聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇、聚酯二元醇/聚醚二元醇与二异氰酸酯本体聚合,得到第一中间产物体系;
(2)第一中间产物体系、亲水扩链剂和催化剂在溶剂下反应,得到第二中间产物体系;
(3)第二中间产物体系与二异氰酸酯在溶剂下反应,得到第三中间产物体系;
(4)第三中间产物体系与小分子二元醇扩链剂在溶剂下反应,得到大分子聚氨酯体系;
(5)大分子聚氨酯体系与中和剂反应,抽出溶剂,得到二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯;
所述步骤(2)的亲水扩链剂为羧酸类亲水扩链剂,步骤(5)的中和剂为胺类中和剂或氢氧化钠;
或者步骤(2)的亲水扩链剂为胺类亲水扩链剂,步骤(5)的中和剂为酸类中和剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇的数均分子量在1500~6000道尔顿,碳酸酯基团含量在25%~75%;
所述聚酯二元醇为聚己内酯二元醇或聚己二酸丁二醇酯,数均分子量均在1000~3000道尔顿;
所述聚醚二元醇为聚丙二醇或聚四氢呋喃二元醇,数均分子量均在1000~3000道尔顿。
4.根据权利要求2所述的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)和步骤(3)中,二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,6-己二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯或二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯;
所述小分子二元醇扩链剂为乙二醇、丁二醇、一缩二乙二醇或二缩三乙二醇。
5.根据权利要求2所述的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡或辛酸亚锡。
6.根据权利要求2所述的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羧酸类亲水扩链剂为2,2-二羟甲基丙酸,胺类中和剂为三乙胺或氨水;
所述胺类亲水扩链剂为二羟乙基苯胺或N-甲基二乙醇胺,酸类中和剂为盐酸、三氟乙酸或乙酸。
7.根据权利要求2所述的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇、聚酯二元醇/聚醚二元醇、步骤(1)中二异氰酸酯、羧酸类亲水扩链剂、催化剂、步骤(3)中二异氰酸酯、小分子二元醇扩链剂、胺类中和剂的质量比为(150~750):(250~600):(100~160):(50~100):(0.2~0.6):(50~120):(9~60):(20~60);
所述聚(碳酸酯-醚)二元醇、聚酯二元醇/聚醚二元醇、步骤(1)中二异氰酸酯、胺类亲水扩链剂、催化剂、步骤(3)中二异氰酸酯、小分子二元醇扩链剂、酸类中和剂的质量比为(250~500):(330~600):(100~250):(50~100):(0.2-0.5):(70~100):(10~60):(20~70)。
8.含有权利要求1所述的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于,组分及重量份为:
9.根据权利要求8所述的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料,其特征在于,所述的水性增稠剂为BENAQUA1000、BENAQUA4000、WT-113、WT115或WT-120,水性流平剂为BYK-350、BYK-356、BYK-359、BYK-361N或BYK-381,水性消泡剂为BYK-019、BYK-021、BYK-028、BYK-A 500、BYK-A501或BYK-A 550,水性润湿剂为BYK-187、BYK-3400或BYK-3410,水性助溶剂为异丙醇、乙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇丁醚、丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇丁醚或二丙二醇丁醚,水性固化剂为水性多异氰酸酯,水性防毒杀菌剂为BIOCIDE D10。
10.权利要求8所述的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将75~92重量份的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯、0.1~0.5重量份的水性消泡剂、0.1~0.3重量份的水性流平剂、0.05~0.1重量份的水性防毒杀菌剂、0.3~0.5重量份的水性润湿剂及0.2~2重量份的水性增稠剂加入搅拌装置,搅拌2~4h后,得到混合物;
(2)向所述混合物中加入6~8重量份的水性助溶剂和2~5重量份的水性固化剂,搅拌0.5~1h后,得到二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯涂料。
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