CN1052982C - 第ⅲa族有机金属衍生物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
- C07F5/061—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage
- C07F5/062—Al linked exclusively to C
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种第ⅢA族新的有机金属衍生物,它具有通式M(C6F5)3,其中M是选自铝、镓和铟的第ⅢA族金属。
上述衍生物是通过金属烷基化合物MR3与一种具有通式B(C6F5)3)的硼的有机金属衍生物发生置换反应而制得的。
Description
本发明涉及铝、镓和铟的新的有机金属化合物,以及它们的制备方法。
更详细地说,本发明涉及具有通式M(C6F5)3的新的化合物,其中M是选自元素周期表中第IIIA族中Al、Ga、In的金属,而基团-C6F5表示所有氢原子都被氟原子取代了的苯型芳香环。
有许多专利和其它科技术文献详细描述了齐格勒-纳塔型催化体系的制备,这种催化体系用于烯烃或二烯烃不饱和单体的立体有择聚合。
这些催化剂体系通常包括过渡金属的盐,并结合有元素周期表中第IA、IIA和IIIA族元素金属的有机金属化合物用作过渡金属的还原剂或烷基化试剂。在这些还原或烷基化化合物中,具有通式AlR3的铝的衍生物(其中R表示脂肪族、脂环族或芳族烷基)是最重要的。
许多文献研究了烷基铝是怎样影响催化体系的活性及空间定向性的。
在G.Allen和J.Bevington的著书“Comprehensive PolymerScience”,Pergamon Press,1989,Pages 1-108和其中引述的大量文献中可以发现这些铝的衍生物在齐格勒-纳塔催化剂中使用的详细情况。
现有技术描述了合成第IIIA族金属的苯基衍生物的各种方法,如Al(C6H5)3,但其中苯基不含氟原子。
G.Wittig和D.Wittenberg(Annalen der Chemie,Vol.606,Pages 1-23,1957)描述了通过苯基锂或一种具有化学式C6H5-Mg-Cl的格利雅化合物与三氯化铝在醚溶剂中的反应来制备Al(C6H5)3。将获得的Al(C6H5)3Et2O在10-6Pa(10-3mmHg)下加热至160℃,可获得不带醚的衍生物Al(C6H5)3。
类似地,US-A-2960516中描述了由苯基钠的异辛酸溶液开始,使它与AlCl3在乙醚中的溶液反应制得Al(C6H5)3的方法。同样该申请中,通过带乙醚的配合物在140℃下的分解可获得纯的Al(C6H5)3。
T.Mole在Australian Journal of chemistry,vol 16,Pages 794-800,1963中描述了一种制备Al(C6H5)3的方法,它由格利雅化合物C6H5-Mg-Br开始,通过形成汞的中间衍生物Hg(C6H5)2,再在沸点下使其与金属铝在甲苯中进行反应从而制得Al(C6H5)3。
最后,DE-A-1057600描述了一种通过B(C6H5)3和Al(C2H5)3的置换反应制备Al(C6H5)3的方法。在该方法中,为了获得期望的纯净态的化合物,必须将反应混合物加热至140℃,再将反应产物B(C2H5)3蒸馏。
关于本发明中所述有机金属化合物的制备,文献中描述了两种合成衍生物Al(C6F5)3的尝试,但都未成功。
例如,J.L.Pohlmann(Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung,vol.20b,Page 5,1965)叙述了通过AlCl3和C6F5-Mg-Br在醚中的反应合成乙醚配合物Al(C6F5)3Et2O。通过加热至100℃以上来除去配合物中的醚分子会引起反应混合物的剧烈爆炸。类似地,通过B(C6F5)3和Al(C6H5)3的置换反应,再将反应物加热以蒸馏挥发性的B(C6H5)3衍生物来合成Al(C6F5)3也宣告失败,R.D.Chambers(Journal of the Chemical Society,1967,Page 2185)接着证实了这些失败的结果。
现在已经发现了一种形成具有通式M(C6F5)3的新衍生物的新方法。已经发现,通过具有式B(C6F5)3的硼的衍生物和具有通式MR3的金属三烷基化物之间的置换反应可很容易地制得具有通式M(C6F5)3(其中M是铝、镓或铟)的化合物。通过上述方法,发生衍生物M(C6F5)3的沉淀。因为反应是在烃溶剂中进行的,所以可得到没有配合醚分子的期望的化合物沉淀,如在文献中所述的那样,配合醚分子的化合物不利于获得纯净态的化合物。
据此,本发明涉及具有通式(I)M(C6F5)3的化合物,其中M是选自铝、镓和铟的第IIIA族金属,优选地是铝。
本发明还涉及制备M(C6F5)3的方法,其中M与上述意思相同,其特征在于,B(C6F5)3和M(H)nRm根据下面反应路径(A)在烃溶剂中反应:
M是选自铝、镓和铟的第IIIA族金属,优选地是铝;
R选自含1-20个碳原子的脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族,直链或带支链的单官能基团,优选地选自甲基、乙基和异丁基;
n+m=3,n为0或1。
在一个优选实施方案中,m=3。
硼的有机金属化合物(B(C6F5)3,用于反应路径(A)的试剂)根据文献中的描述进行制备,即通过具有式(C6F5)-Mg-Br的镁的衍生物与BF3·Et2O在乙醚中反应而制得,其中(C6F5)-Mg-Br是由C6F5-Br和絮片状的Mg反应制得。
化合物M(H)nRm是铝、镓或铟的二烷基或三烷基衍生物。
它也可由文献中已经叙述的方法来制得,但是在金属为铝的情况下,有许多衍生物可用于本发明,如:Al(CH3)3,Al(C2H5)3,Al(i-C4H9)3、AlH(i-C4H9)2等市场上可买到的化合物。
路径(A)的反应是在脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族的烃溶剂中进行的,通过将试剂B(C6F5)3和M(H)nRm在上述溶剂中的溶液混合来反应。为了方便,反应的简单和最终产物M(C6F5)3的纯度等原因,反应(A)中所用试剂的摩尔比保持基本上为1∶1。
事实上,如果使用过量的试剂B(C6F5)3,在反应结束后必须回收一部分B(C6F5)3,因为它是一种很昂贵的组分;此外,分离纯的所期望的产物更加困难。
相反,若使用过量的M(H)nRm,最终产物的纯度受到损害,在反应结束时,除了期望的产物B(H)nRm和M(C6F5)3以外,还会有稳定数量的M(C6F5)nR3-n(n为1和2)型混合产物。
只要反应是在-20-100℃温度范围下进行,反应温度对最终产物的获得不是很关键。但是,最好还是在0~30℃温度范围下进行反应。
通常,反应是这样来进行的:将衍生物B(C6F5)3溶于甲苯或己烷中,并在搅拌条件下,向这样得到的溶液中加入M(H)nRm在同样溶剂中的溶液。应该避免碱性溶剂或会与硼或第IIIA族金属的衍生物发生相互作用的溶剂(如胺、水、醇类、醚)。
因为涉及的所有化合物(试剂及反应产物)都对氧和/或湿度很敏感,所以所有的反应步骤及后续最终产物的分离都必须严格地在使用众所周知的氮气-真空技术形成的惰性气氛下进行。
经过几秒钟到几小时的时间之后,这取决于R和M的类型及所用的溶剂,溶液变得混浊,因为形成了大量的含所期望的纯态产物M(C6F5)3的白色沉淀。根据所用的操作条件,沉淀的产物M(C6F5)3的量在所用的反应金属的当量的40~70%之间。第一次沉淀以后,可在室温下浓缩反应的母液,或将其冷至低温,以得到一定量的微晶产物。最终干燥的结晶产物的产率为70%-90%,基于用作试剂的M(H)nRm计算。
如上述的那样,反应溶剂基本上包括脂肪族、脂环族或芳香族烃,产物可从中沉淀并通过过滤回收,接着在真空下干燥几小时。
当使用芳香族溶剂,如甲苯或苯时,在室温下干燥之后回收的结晶固体(即最终产物)中每摩尔衍生物含一摩尔溶剂,因此最终产物最好用通式M(C6F5)3(溶剂)来表示。如果在真空下于80℃下进行干燥步骤,可以很容易地将溶剂分子除去,而期望的最终产物M(C6F5)3不发生任何分解,这从化学分析,NMR和红外光谱可以看出。
另一方面,当使用脂肪族溶剂时,为获得不带溶剂分子的期望的产物,可在机械泵形成的真空下,于室温下进行回收固体的直接干燥。
对于Al(C6F5)3,产物的化学本质不仅通过固体的化学分析,而且通过其红外光谱(图1和图2)和19F的NMR光谱(图3)来证实。红外光谱还可发现在通过室温下干燥得到的晶体中甲苯分子的存在,以及在将结晶固体加热至80℃以后甲苯分子的消失。
如图3所示,19F的NMR光谱(243K,甲苯-d8)表明在分子中只有三个氟信号存在δ=-124.6,-152.1,-162.0ppm(将CF3COOD在甲苯-d8中的δ=-78.5ppm的信号作为外标),其相对强度为2∶1∶2。光谱的这种趋势可以这样来解释,这三种信号分别对应于在-C6F5环中与连有铝原子的碳原子呈邻、对和间位关系的氟原子。氟原子仅存在三种共振类型表明三个-C6F5环是等价的,因此化合物Al(C6F5)3是单体。事实上,如果形成二聚物,将引起-C6F5环的不同,从而导致氟原子信号数目的增加。
具有通式(I)的产物,尤其是M为Al的那些,可以有效地在烯烃或二烯烃的齐格勒-纳塔型聚合中用作助催化剂。
关于附图,图1是Al(C6F5)3(甲苯)在液体石蜡中的IR光谱,图2是于真空(10-5Pa)下,在80℃干燥8小时以后Al(C6F5)3在液体石蜡中的IR光谱,图3是Al(C6F5)3在甲苯-d8中,于243K下的19F的NMR光谱(将CF3COOD在甲苯-d8中δ=-78.5ppm的化学位移作为外标)。
下面的实施例用来更好地说明本发明。实施例1:
下面给出了试剂B(C6F5)3的制备,所有的操作严格地在没有空气和湿度条件下进行。
向带有回流冷凝器、机械搅拌器和滴液漏斗的1升容量的三颈烧瓶中通入干燥的氮气流,以除去所有的氧气和湿气。向烧瓶注入350ml的乙醚,用氢化钠和20g镁片沸腾脱水,保持烧瓶于室温,在2小时内,从滴液漏斗中缓慢滴加22ml(0.176mol)溴代五氟苯。加料完毕后,再在室温下搅拌反应混合物3小时,过滤,通过对等分溶液的酸量滴定法滴定测定滤液中形成的格利雅化合物,证实含0.15摩尔的格利雅试剂。在2小时内,于0℃并在搅拌条件下,向7.1克三氟化硼合乙醚在40ml乙醚中的溶液中滴加上述的溶液。在室温下,将最终的反应混合物搅拌2小时,在真空下除去溶剂,再在10-5Pa下,使残留物在50℃下干燥4小时。
将得到的固体在10-6Pa下升华,得到21g B(C6F5)3,其产率为82%(基于三氟化硼合乙醚计算)。实施例2
下面给出了由B(C6F5)3和Al(CH3)3制备Al(C6F5)3的说明。所有的操作都在众所周知的氮气-真空技术形成的惰性气氛中进行的,溶剂通过在氢化钠上的蒸馏来脱水。
将75ml(13.5×10-3摩尔)的0.18M B(C6F5)3在甲苯中的溶液倒入一个倾斜的试管里,试管带有搅拌用的磁力簧片和一个侧塞,以使试管处于无水氮气流之下。在磁力搅动下,向试管中滴加10.0ml(13.6×10-3摩尔)1.36M的Al(CH3)3在甲苯中的溶液。溶液保持透明大约两小时,然后逐渐变得混浊并且微晶固体开始沉淀。将悬浊液静置12小时,然后在隔膜上过滤,用总共30ml的己烷洗涤固体两次,再将固体在10-5Pa真空中,于室温下干燥4小时,收集并称重(5.5g)。将含有洗涤己烷的母液浓缩至40ml,并在-24℃下恒温过夜。干燥后,收集结晶物质沉淀的第二部分,并称重(1.7g)。两种固体的Al值均为4.18%,而Al(C6F5)3(甲苯)的计算值为4.35%,两种固体的红外光谱与图1所示一样。以三甲基铝为原料,Al(C6F5)3(甲苯)为产物计算反应产率为85%。
将3.5g产物加热至80℃,并在10-5Pa的动态真空下保持12小时。对残留固体再进行铝的化学分析,证明为5.0%,而Al(C6F5)3的计算值为5.11%。干燥后产物的红外光谱示于图2。实施例3-5:
如实施例2所示进行操作,反应在B(C6F5)3和Al(C2H5)3(实施例3),B(C6F5)3和AlH(i-C4H9)3(实施例4),以及B(C6F5)3和AlH(i-C4H9)2(实施例5)之间干甲苯中进行,反应在室温进行,并且硼的衍生物和烷基铝之间为等摩尔比。
在实施例3中,使用0.125摩尔B(C6F5)3和0.125摩尔Al(C2H5)3在400ml甲苯中的溶液。得到0.109摩尔的Al(C6F5)3(甲苯)(产率=88%)。Al含量为4.20%(Al(C6F5)3(甲苯)的理论值为4.35%)。
在实施例4中,使用0.055摩尔Al(i-C4H9)3和0.055摩尔B(C6F5)3在200ml甲苯中的溶液。得到0.043摩尔的Al(C6F5)3(甲苯)(产率=79%)。铝含量为4.11%(与甲苯的配合物的理论值为4.35%)。
在实施例5中,使用0.059摩尔的AlH(i-C4H9)2和0.059摩尔B(C6F5)3在250ml的甲苯中的溶液。得到0.038摩尔的Al(C6F5)3(甲苯)。铝含量为4.27%,而理论值为4.35%。实施例6
如实施例2进行操作,反应在B(C6F5)3和Al(C2H5)3之间于室温下在脂族烃溶剂中进行。使5.63g(0.011摩尔)B(C6F5)3在240ml己烷中与1.25g(0.11摩尔)Al(C2H5)3反应。在一小时内形成了足够的沉淀,再过滤,用己烷冲洗两次,在室温下用机械泵干燥。
回收到4.0g Al(C6F5)3,计算的Al(C6H5)3的产率为69%。
Claims (8)
1.具有通式(I)M(C6F5)3的化合物,其中M是铝。
2.一种用于制备具有式Al(C6F5)3的化合物的方法,其特征在于B(C6F5)3与具有通式M(H)nRm的化合物反应,其中:
M是铝,
R是选自含1至20个碳原子的,脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族,直链或支链的单官能基团;
n+m=3,n是0或1。
3.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于R选自甲基、乙基和异丁基。
4.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于B(C6F5)3和M(H)nRm之间的摩尔比基本上为1∶1。
5.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于反应在基本上为烃溶剂中进行。
6.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于反应地-20℃和+100℃之间的一个温度下进行。
7.权利要求6的方法,其特征在于反应温度在0℃和30℃之间。
8.权利要求2的方法,其中m=3,R选自甲基,乙基和异丁基。
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US6130302A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 2000-10-10 | Northwestern University | Synthesis and use of (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium and indium |
US6262200B1 (en) | 1996-08-19 | 2001-07-17 | Northwestern University | (Polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium of enhanced utility, uses thereof, and products based thereon |
US5854166A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-12-29 | Northwestern University | Synthesis and use of (perfluoroaryl) fluoro-aluminate anion |
KR20010024121A (ko) * | 1997-09-19 | 2001-03-26 | 그래햄 이. 테일러 | 개질된 알룸옥산 촉매 활성화제 |
US6696379B1 (en) | 1997-09-19 | 2004-02-24 | The Dow Chemical Company | Supported modified alumoxane catalyst activator |
DE19806435A1 (de) | 1998-02-17 | 1999-08-19 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines geträgerten Katalysatorsystems |
EP1090045B1 (en) | 1998-06-12 | 2004-04-28 | Univation Technologies LLC | Olefin polymerization process using activated lewis acid-base complexes |
EP1097175B1 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 2007-02-28 | Univation Technologies LLC | Aluminum-based lewis acid cocatalysts for olefin polymerization |
AU4564799A (en) | 1998-08-11 | 2000-03-06 | Dow Chemical Company, The | Catalyst activator composition |
DE69905728T2 (de) | 1998-08-17 | 2003-12-24 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc. | Drei-koordinierte alluminium-katalysatoraktivatorverbindung |
EP1105398B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2002-07-17 | The Dow Chemical Company | Activator composition comprising aluminum compound mixture |
US6248914B1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 2001-06-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Metalloid salt catalyst/activators |
US6291614B1 (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2001-09-18 | The Dow Chemical Company | Dinuclear fluoroaryl aluminum alkyl complexes |
CN1240726C (zh) * | 1998-09-16 | 2006-02-08 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | 淤浆聚合法及聚合物组合物 |
US6147173A (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2000-11-14 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Nitrogen-containing group 13 anionic complexes for olefin polymerization |
JP2002533484A (ja) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-10-08 | ユニベーション・テクノロジーズ・エルエルシー | 架橋されたメタロセンポリオレフィン触媒上のハロアリール含有第13族置換基 |
EP1153026B1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2002-11-20 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Process for preparing trifluoroarylaluminum etherates |
WO2001026806A2 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-19 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Possibly dicationic non-metallocene group 4 metal complexes with anionic n, o or p ligands |
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US6673735B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2004-01-06 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Preparation of catalyst compositions |
US6495484B1 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2002-12-17 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Catalyst system and its use in a polymerization process |
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