CN105275553B - 废气后处理装置 - Google Patents

废气后处理装置 Download PDF

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CN105275553B
CN105275553B CN201510430081.3A CN201510430081A CN105275553B CN 105275553 B CN105275553 B CN 105275553B CN 201510430081 A CN201510430081 A CN 201510430081A CN 105275553 B CN105275553 B CN 105275553B
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exhaust gas
catalytic converter
aftertreatment device
internal combustion
exhaust
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CN105275553A (zh
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F·希伦
A·比恩霍尔茨
B·马尼卡姆
M·D·保罗
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Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
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GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F01N13/107More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/16Plurality of inlet tubes, e.g. discharging into different chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for stationary applications

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于内燃发动机(12)、特别是固定式内燃发动机的废气后处理装置(1),该废气后处理装置包括设置在内燃发动机(12)下游的用于废气的至少一个催化转化器单元(3),其中,经由旁通管道(4),废气能够从内燃发动机被引导经过至少一个催化转化器单元(3)旁边,其中,所述至少一个催化转化器单元(3)和旁通管道(4)设置在一个共同的壳体(2)中,该壳体(2)具有独立的用于未经处理的废气的至少两个输入管道(11,11′)和用于经所述至少一个催化转化器单元(3)处理的废气的至少一个排出管道(7,8)。

Description

废气后处理装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据本发明的用于内燃发动机的废气后处理装置。
背景技术
为了分散发电常常使用固定式内燃发动机。它们具有直到24个汽缸。汽缸通常呈V型排列地设置在两个缸体底座上。为了遵守排放规定,固定式内燃发动机经常配备有用于废气后处理的系统。为了减少未燃烧的碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的排放,使用形式为氧化催化转化器的氧化装置。为了降低氮氧化物经常使用用于选择性催化还原的催化转化器。因此用于固定式内燃发动机的废气后处理的系统经常包含起催化作用的组件,进一步称为催化转化器单元。
在这样的催化转化器单元的运行中可以显示:只有内燃发动机的废气物料流的一部分流催化转化器单元,而剩余的部分则通过旁通管道绕过催化转化器单元。通过废气的这种旁通,可以降低催化转化器单元之后的废气中的温度峰值。当催化转化器单元设置在废气涡轮增压器的上游时,这一点特别重要。在催化转化器单元回收交流换热时或在未燃烧的碳氢化合物爆发(Durchbruch)时,例如在断火时出现过度放热。另一个通过旁通使得废气绕过催化转化器单元的动机是出现对催化转化器单元有害的内燃发动机的未处理排放,例如由于利用富含硫的燃料的运行。
这样WO 2012/123636表明了一种固定式内燃发动机的具有催化转化器单元3(在此设计为氧化装置)的配置结构,该催化转化器单元设置在废气涡轮增压器2的上游。根据这个文献,在使用富含硫的燃料时可以使废气通过旁通管道6而绕过催化转化器单元3。
在固定式内燃发动机的现有技术中已知的、具有旁通管道的废气后处理装置中,旁通管道设计为与催化转化器单元分离的管路。未对内燃发动机的结构形式加以考虑。
这带来多个缺点:首先结构繁复,其次由旁通管道引导的废气无助于对催化转化器单元的加温。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提供一种用于内燃发动机的废气后处理装置,在该废气后处理装置中避免现有技术中的缺点。
这个目的通过根据本发明的废气后处理装置得以实现。有益的实施方式在从属权利要求中得以界定。
由于至少一个催化转化器单元和旁通管道设置在一个共同的壳体中,其中,该壳体具有至少两个用于未经处理的废气的独立的输入管道和至少一个用于经至少一个催化转化器单元处理的废气的排出管道,所以实现:提供一种紧凑结构的废气后处理装置,并且经旁通管道引导的废气有助于对至少一个催化转化器单元的加温。
优选可以规定:用于未经处理的废气的独立的输入管道分别与内燃发动机的一个缸体底座连接。在这种情况中,内燃发动机的废气通过用于未经处理的废气的独立的输入管道如下地流入废气后处理装置中,即,出自一个缸体底座的废气通过一个独立的输入管道而出自另一缸体底座的废气通过第二独立的输入管道流入废气后处理装置中。以此对内燃发动机的结构形式予以考虑并且实现了具有简单组合的特别紧凑的结构形式。
在另一优选的实施例中可以规定:在壳体中设置有两个独立的催化转化器单元。已经证明是有益的是:代替设置一个大的催化转化器单元,将废气后处理分散到多个独立的催化转化器单元上。因此可以使用更经济的、更小的催化转化元件(Katalysatorelement)。一个催化转化器单元可以模块化地由多个催化转化元件构造而成。
优选可以规定:能够通过第一阀对经旁通管道从废气后处理装置中流出的废气量进行控制或调节。其中应该理解的是:可以通过一个设置在旁通管道中的阀来控制或调节被引导经过的废气部分。
作为备选或补充可以规定:能够通过第二阀对经催化转化器单元从废气后处理装置中流出的废气量进行控制或调节。这意味着:可以通过第二阀来控制或调节被引导经过的废气部分,该第二阀设置在经过在催化转化器单元内处理的废气的流动路径中。
附图说明
下文通过附图来进一步阐述本发明。附图中:
图1示出根据本发明的废气后处理装置;
图2示出废气后处理的一种备选的实施例;
图3示出废气后处理的一种备选的实施例;
图4为具有附属的废气后处理装置的内燃发动机的配置结构。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出一个废气后处理装置1的横截面。可以看到独立的输入管道11、11′,未经处理的废气经由这些输入管道进入废气后处理装置1。作为可选,废气流经混合装置5。接着废气穿过一个流动均匀装置(同样为可选)并到达催化转化器单元3。在阀V1开启的情况中,废气流过旁通管道4并经由排出管道7离开废气后处理装置1。为了完全旁通,阀V2保持关闭。
在阀V1关闭而阀V2开启的情况中,废气经由催化转化器单元3进入室6内并且经由排出管道8离开废气后处理装置1。在实际中,所示出的设备当然也可以如下地运行,即,阀V1和V2不只保持在它们完全开启或者完全关闭的位置中,而是两个阀V1和V2部分地开启,因而只有一部分废气物料流流经旁通管道4。可以看到:催化转化器单元3和旁通管道4设置在一个共同的壳体2中。排出管道7和8从废气后处理装置1中伸出后通常合为一体并且合并为一根废气管道。在此未示出这个细节。
图2示出的是废气后处理装置1的一种备选的实施方式。在此,阀V1设计为转接器,该转接器选择地开启或者关闭用于在催化转化器单元3内经过处理的废气的排出管道7或用于经旁通管道4输送的废气的排出管道8。因此可以通过仅仅一个构件来转换两个流动路径7和8。转接器例如可以构造成旋转滑阀或在最简单的情况中构造成闸门。排出管道7和8优选在转接器的下游合并为一个管束。这样,废气后处理装置1可以设计得特别紧凑且具有简单的调整机构。
图3示出的是废气后处理装置1的另一种备选的实施方式。在此,阀V1如下地设置,即,废气在阀V1关闭的情况中通过催化转化器单元3并且最后通过排出管道8而从废气后处理装置1中排出。这例如可以通过如下方式得以实现,即,排出管道8在一个位于壳体2内部的区段中具有穿孔、即透孔,经过催化转化器单元3后处理的废气可以穿过这些穿孔。如果阀V1开启,那么废气由于较小的流动阻力优选选择穿过旁通管道4的路径并且通过排出管道8未经处理地排出。因此通过这种变型提供一种可能性:利用仅仅一个阀(阀V1)来决定废气是经过旁通管道4并且最终经过排出管道8未经处理地从废气后处理装置1排出,还是废气经过催化转化器单元3处理后通过排出管道8而从废气后处理装置1中排出。
图4示出的是具有废气后处理装置1、内燃发动机12和控制/调节装置C的配置结构。该配置结构示例性示出按照图1的实施例的废气后处理装置1。当然也可以按照任何其它实施例来设计废气后处理装置1。
内燃发动机12的缸体底座标记有附图标记A和B。缸体底座A包括一个缸体底座的汽缸,缸体底座B包括另一缸体底座的汽缸。缸体底座A经由废气管道L1利用进气管道11而与废气后处理装置1连接。缸体底座B经由废气管道L2利用进气管道11′而与废气后处理装置1连接。在运行中,阀V1、V2由控制/调节装置C获得用于开启或关闭的指令。控制/调节装置C设置如下,即,能够输入并处理关于马达功率、废气温度、在必要时构件温度的信息。未画出附属的传感器和信号线,其设计如专业人员所熟悉的那样。
在图3示出的废气后处理装置1的具有两个阀V1、V2的变型中,在阀V2关闭的情况中开启V1导致所有的废气通过旁通管道4从废气后处理装置1中排出。反之,在阀V2开启的情况中完全关闭阀V1意味着所有的废气经催化转化器单元3后处理后从废气后处理装置1中排出。通过阀V1、V2的开启状态的变化当然还可以实现改变流经旁通管4或者流经催化转化器单元3的废气物料流。如借助图2所阐述的那样,废气后处理装置1也可以利用仅仅一个阀运行。
附图标记列表
1 废气后处理装置
2 壳体
3 催化转化器单元
4 旁通管道
5 混合装置
6 室
7 旁通的排出管道
8 室的排出管道
9 流动均匀装置
11,11′ 输入管道
12 内燃发动机
A,B 缸体底座
C 控制/调节装置
L1,L2 废气管道
E1,E2 排出管道
V1,V2 阀

Claims (5)

1.用于内燃发动机(12)的废气后处理装置(1),该废气后处理装置包括设置在内燃发动机(12)下游的用于废气的至少两个催化转化器单元(3),其中,经由旁通管道(4),废气能够从内燃发动机被引导经过所述至少两个催化转化器单元(3)旁边,其特征在于,所述至少两个催化转化器单元(3)和旁通管道(4)设置在一个共同的壳体(2)中,该壳体(2)具有独立的用于未经处理的废气的至少两个输入管道(11,11′)和用于经所述至少两个催化转化器单元(3)处理的废气的至少一个排出管道(7,8),所述至少两个输入管道(11,11′)中的每一个输入管道分别对应引导至设置于所述壳体(2)中的单独的催化转化器单元(3),所述至少两个催化转化器单元(3)和所述旁通管道(4)均位于所述至少两个输入管道(11,11′)的下游,所述内燃发动机(12)具有至少两个缸体底座(A,B),用于未经处理的废气的独立的输入管道(11,11′)分别与内燃发动机(12)的至少两个缸体底座(A,B)连接,以使得出自至少两个缸体底座(A,B)的废气分别流至所述至少两个催化转化器单元(3)和/或流至所述旁通管道(4),其中,所述至少一个排出管道(7,8)为用于出自至少两个缸体底座(A,B)的废气的共同排出管道。
2.如权利要求1所述的废气后处理装置(1),第一阀(V1)设置在至少一个排出管道(7,8)中,所述至少一个排出管道(7,8)在位于所述壳体(2)内部的区段中具有穿孔,以在所述第一阀(V1)关闭时使得经过所述至少两个催化转化器单元(3)后处理的废气穿过排出。
3.如权利要求2所述的废气后处理装置(1),其特征在于:能够通过所述第一阀(V1)对经由旁通管道(4)从废气后处理装置(1)中流出的废气量进行控制或调节。
4.如权利要求1所述的废气后处理装置(1),其特征在于:能够通过第二阀(V2)对经由催化转化器单元(3)从废气后处理装置(1)中流出的废气量进行控制或调节。
5.如权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的废气后处理装置(1),所述内燃发动机是固定式内燃发动机。
CN201510430081.3A 2014-07-21 2015-07-21 废气后处理装置 Expired - Fee Related CN105275553B (zh)

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