CN105272695A - Plant source biological medicinal fertilizer for control of bradysia odoriphaga and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plant source biological medicinal fertilizer for control of bradysia odoriphaga and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Belonging to the technical field of biological pesticides, the invention relates to a biological medicinal fertilizer, in particular to a plant source biological medicinal fertilizer for control of bradysia odoriphaga and a preparation method thereof. The plant source biological medicinal fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 0.8-1.4 parts of Artemisia annua, 0.6-1.2 parts of Parthenium hysterophorus, 28 parts of avermectin residue, and 2 parts of turfy soil. The plant source biological medicinal fertilizer has good control effect on bradysia odoriphaga, also shows excellent growth performance on leek as a fertilizer, improves the soil character, improves crop yield and lowers the planting cost, at the same time reduces the pollution of pesticides and fertilizers to the environment, breaks the tradition of separate use of pesticide and fertilizer, saves time and labor, lowers the production cost, and brings economic benefits and environmental benefits, is safe to human, livestock and environment, and is an excellent preparation for production of organic agricultural products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biological medicine fertilizer, be specifically related to a kind of plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer preventing and treating Bradysia fungus gnat and preparation method thereof, belong to biological pesticide technical field.
Background technology
Bradysia fungus gnat (BradysiaodoriphagaYangetZhang) larva is commonly called as fragrant-flowered garlic maggot, and the distribution whole nation is the important pests on leek.Except harm leek, also endanger the liliaceous vegetable such as green onion, garlic and flowers and herbal medicine etc., all there is distribution all parts of the country, are one of the primary pests of leek, garlic class vegetables.The bulb of leek is gathered in and tender stem causes harm with larva.Newly hatched larvae first endangers the upper end of leek leaf sheath base and bulb; The tender stem of spring and autumn main harm, causes rhizome to rot; During summer temperature height, larva moves down, and harm leek bulb, cause whole bulb to rot, time serious, whole pier leek is withered.
Leek is important vegetables, but shows the Examined of vegetable pesticide residue in recent years: the pesticide residue of leek exceed standard seriously, cause grave danger to the health of the mankind.By investigation and analysis, the residual major cause exceeded standard of leek agriculture is, the strong resistance of Bradysia odoriphaga breeding soon, to agricultural chemicals, difficulty of prevention and cure is large, the excessive use chemical pesticide of vegetable grower, and even Misuse is prohibited, limited the use of high malicious chemical pesticide control Bradysia fungus gnat.At present, main with organophosphorus (Volaton, Le Siben etc.) in the agricultural chemicals of control Bradysia odoriphaga, chrysanthemum ester class, the chemical pesticides such as chlorfluazuron are main, and due to the enhancing such as resistance of fragrant-flowered garlic maggot, cause the excessive use chemical pesticide of vegetable grower, even the national riskiest pesticide prohibited, limit the use of of Misuse, causes serious pesticide residue to exceed standard.
Along with the fast development of modern agriculture, chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals increasingly severe to the pollution of environment, 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture issues " to the year two thousand twenty fertilizer application amount zero growth rate action scheme " and " to the year two thousand twenty Pesticide use amount zero growth rate action scheme ", the development of biological medicine fertilizer has the features such as safe, efficient, pollution-free because of it, biological medicine fertilizer, as emerging capital goods in the agricultural sector, is progressively approved by peasant, and usage quantity is just keeping very swift and violent growth.The importance and functions of biological medicine fertilizer in increasing crop yield, integrated pest prevention and control is more and more important.Guarantee national food security, agricultural product quality and safety and Agri-ecological security tool are of great significance, in prior art, the biological medicine fertilizer research for Bradysia fungus gnat is less, and prevention effect is poor, still based on chemical prevention, the pesticide residue of leek exceed standard very serious.Therefore, for preventing and treating Bradysia odoriphaga safely and effectively, research and development low toxicity, biological medicine fertilizer that is efficient, low residue are very urgent.
Summary of the invention
Remain for the leek Pesticides existed in prior art and chemical fertilizer and exceed standard, existing biological medicine fertilizer is poor to Bradysia fungus gnat prevention effect, the problems such as fertilizer efficiency is low, the invention provides a kind of plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer preventing and treating Bradysia fungus gnat, have good prevention effect to Bradysia odoriphaga; Simultaneously excellent to the growth perfonnance of leek as fertilizer, improve the proterties of soil, improve the output of crop, reduce planting cost; Decrease agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer to the pollution of environment simultaneously, broken the tradition that agricultural chemicals and fertilizer will use respectively, saved time and labor force, reduce production cost, bring economic benefit and environmental benefit.To people, animal and environmental safety, it is the elegant formulations producing organic farm products.
The technical scheme that the present invention is adopted to achieve these goals is:
The invention provides a kind of plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer preventing and treating Bradysia fungus gnat, be prepared from by following raw material: Herba Artemisiae annuae 0.8-1.4 part, guayule 0.6-1.2 part, avermectin slag 28 parts, turfy soil 2 parts;
Described Herba Artemisiae annuae and guayule are with dry weight basis.
Further, the raw material of optimization of the present invention consists of: Herba Artemisiae annuae 1.0 parts, guayule 1.0 parts, avermectin slag 28 parts, turfy soil 2 parts.
Further, another raw material of optimization of the present invention consists of: Herba Artemisiae annuae 1.2 parts, guayule 0.8 part, avermectin slag 28 parts, turfy soil 2 parts.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of described plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer, comprise the following steps:
(1) by the plant of weight part Herba Artemisiae annuae and the plant of guayule, be ground into 50 object mixed powders, put into extractor, inject 20 parts of ethanolic solns, stir, at temperature is 58-65 DEG C, insulation extraction 2 hours, constantly stirs during extraction.Suction filtration after extraction completes, obtains filtrate for subsequent use;
(2) pour above-mentioned filter residue after extraction into 16 parts of ethanolic solns again, be incubated extraction 1 hour, constantly stir during extraction under temperature is 60 DEG C of conditions, suction filtration again after having extracted, obtains filtrate for subsequent use;
(3) merge the filtrate of above-mentioned extracted twice, evaporation concentration to paste, then adds avermectin slag and the turfy soil of weight part, mixes, and granulates, and then dry at the temperature of 70-80 DEG C, screening, obtains the particle that diameter is 1mm.
Further, in step (1), the volume fraction of described ethanolic soln is 40%.
Further, in step (2), the volume fraction of described ethanolic soln is 70%.
Herba Artemisiae annuae (ArtemisiaannuaLinn) cry again yellow wormwood artemisia, is the annual herb plant of composite family artemisia, has heat-clearing solution malaria, the effect such as to dispelling wind and arresting itching.
Guayule (PartheniumhysterophorusL.), annual herb, be born in spaciously, roadside, river bank and slope, Environmental Protection Department is listed in second batch Invasive Alien Species list for 2010.
Avermectin slag is with the residuum through fermentative production Avrmectin such as glucose, yellow corn powder, wheat-flour, potato syrup, groundnut meal, soybean cake powder, corn steep liquor, Zein powder, peptone, ammonium sulfate, trace element, avermectin slag used in the present invention is for containing organic more than 75%, fineness is 80 object khaki color powder, can chessom, effectively prevent and kill off various subterranean pest-insect.
Inventor is through a large amount of experiment sievings, after avermectin slag being added the alcohol extract of Herba Artemisiae annuae plant and guayule plant (described plant is Herba Artemisiae annuae, the stem of guayule, Ye Jihua), the subterranean pest-insects such as Bradysia fungus gnat can be prevented and treated, soil can be improved again as bio-feritlizer, improve output, meet Organic farming production requirement, reach non-harmful object.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer prepared of the present invention, prevent and treat the effective of Bradysia fungus gnat, the lasting period is long; Effect of fertilizer is good; improve leek rising trend and output; the whole season of growth is without the need to using chemical fertilizer and pesticide control Bradysia fungus gnat again; pollution-free; noresidue, improves edatope, and raw materials for production are cheap, be easy to get; and this for guayule Invasive Alien Species can be turned bane into boon, preserve the ecological environment and wide market.
2, the present invention adopts the ethanolic soln of different concns in the leaching process of Herba Artemisiae annuae and guayule plant extracting solution, and extraction yield is high, safe, more friendly to environment, more easily operates in suitability for industrialized production, and safety and environmental protection is pollution-free.
3, the present invention is in granulation process, do not add other any chemical substance, the plant source medicinal fertilizer of gained be effective, toxicity is low, the lasting period is long, noresidue, do not develop immunity to drugs, environmentally friendly, to operator safety, and cost is low, easy to use.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
embodiment 1
(1) by the Herba Artemisiae annuae plant 1 kilogram of drying screened and guayule plant 1 kilogram, be ground into 50 object mixed powders, put into extractor, inject 20 kilogram of 40% ethanolic soln, stir, under temperature is 60 DEG C of conditions, is incubated extraction 2 hours, constantly stirs during extraction.Suction filtration after extraction completes, filtrate is for subsequent use, and filter residue extracts again;
(2) pour the filter residue of the Herba Artemisiae annuae plant after extraction and guayule plant into 16 kilogram of 70% ethanolic soln again, under temperature 60 C condition, 1h is extracted in insulation, constantly stirs during extraction.Suction filtration again after extraction completes, leaves and takes filtrate, discards filter residue;
(3) merge the filtrate of above-mentioned extracted twice, evaporation concentration to paste, then adds the avermectin slag of 28 kilograms, adds the turfy soil of 2 kilograms, mix, after utilizing wet granulation, at the temperature of 70-80 DEG C, carry out drying, allow ethanol fully volatilize, screening, makes the particle of diameter 1mm.
embodiment 2
(1) by the Herba Artemisiae annuae plant 1.2 kilograms of drying screened and guayule plant 0.8 kilogram, be ground into 50 object mixed powders, put into extractor, inject 20 kilograms of 40vol% ethanolic solns, stir, under temperature is 65 DEG C of conditions, is incubated extraction 2 hours, constantly stirs during extraction.Suction filtration after extraction completes, obtains filtrate for subsequent use, and filter residue extracts again;
(2) pour the filter residue of the Herba Artemisiae annuae plant after extraction and guayule plant into 16 kilograms of 70vol% ethanolic solns again, under temperature 60 C condition, 1h is extracted in insulation, constantly stirs during extraction.Suction filtration again after extraction completes, leaves and takes filtrate, discards filter residue;
(3) merge the filtrate of above-mentioned extracted twice, evaporation concentration to paste, then adds the avermectin slag of 28 kilograms and the turfy soil of 2 kilograms, mix, after utilizing wet granulation, at the temperature of 70-80 DEG C, carry out drying, allow ethanol fully volatilize, screening, makes the particle of diameter 1mm.
embodiment 3
(1) by the Herba Artemisiae annuae plant 0.8 kilogram of drying screened and guayule plant 1.2 kilograms, be ground into 50 object mixed powders, put into extractor, inject 20 kilogram of 40% ethanolic soln, stir, under temperature is 58 DEG C of conditions, is incubated extraction 2 hours, constantly stirs during extraction.Suction filtration after extraction completes, filtrate is for subsequent use, and filter residue extracts again;
(2) pour the filter residue of the Herba Artemisiae annuae plant after extraction and guayule plant into 16 kilogram of 70% ethanolic soln again, under temperature 60 C condition, 1h is extracted in insulation, constantly stirs during extraction.Suction filtration again after extraction completes, leaves and takes filtrate, discards filter residue;
(3) merge the filtrate of above-mentioned extracted twice, evaporation concentration to paste, then adds the avermectin slag of 28 kilograms and the turfy soil of 2 kilograms, mix, after utilizing wet granulation, at the temperature of 70-80 DEG C, carry out drying, allow ethanol fully volatilize, screening, makes the particle of diameter 1mm.
embodiment 4
(1) by the Herba Artemisiae annuae plant 1.4 kilograms of drying screened and guayule plant 0.6 kilogram, be ground into 50 object mixed powders, put into extractor, inject 20 kilogram of 40% ethanolic soln, stir, under temperature is 60 DEG C of conditions, is incubated extraction 2 hours, constantly stirs during extraction.Suction filtration after extraction completes, filtrate is for subsequent use, and filter residue extracts again;
(2) pour the filter residue of the Herba Artemisiae annuae plant after extraction and guayule plant into 16 kilogram of 70% ethanolic soln again, under temperature 60 C condition, 1h is extracted in insulation, constantly stirs during extraction.Suction filtration again after extraction completes, leaves and takes filtrate, discards filter residue;
(3) merge the filtrate of above-mentioned extracted twice, evaporation concentration to paste, then adds the avermectin slag of 28 kilograms and the turfy soil of 2 kilograms, mix, after utilizing wet granulation, at the temperature of 70-80 DEG C, carry out drying, allow ethanol fully volatilize, screening, makes the particle of diameter 1mm.
the test of pesticide effectiveness
Choose and suffer from the harmful Chinese chive field of fragrant-flowered garlic maggot as test base, the biological composition granule that experimental group 1,2,3,4 adopts the embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3,4 to be prepared into respectively, with the consumption of 30 kilograms every mu, when leek 15-20cm mid-June, use in conjunction with cultivation and banking, along ridge trench digging in the leek ditch of test site, medicine fertilizer is evenly sprinkling upon in furrow, has trained soil and watered along ditch.
Test arranges 4 control groups simultaneously, and the biological composition granule be all prepared into embodiment 1 contrasts, and contrast 1 is on the basis of embodiment 1, and do not add avermectin slag, its amount uses alcohol extract polishing; Contrast 2 is on the basis of embodiment 1, and do not add alcohol extract, its amount uses avermectin slag polishing; Contrast 3 is on the basis of embodiment 1, the alcohol extract only containing Herba Artemisiae annuae plant, the amount Herba Artemisiae annuae plant polishing of guayule; Contrast 4 is on the basis of embodiment, the alcohol extract only containing guayule, the amount guayule polishing of Herba Artemisiae annuae plant; The usage quantity of control group and the same experimental group of using method, all same experimental group of other daily administrations; Blank is not for use any medicament.
Test design 9 process repeats for 3 times, and arrange blank, Gong27Ge community, each plot area is 10 square metres, random alignment.Within after medicine 10 days, carry out first time investigation, investigate 4 times altogether later once every investigation in 10 days.Adopt 5 point samplings, often some sampling 300 strains, statistics healthy tree number and killed strain number.DPS software is used to carry out data analysis and test of significance.Attacked trees rate=(killed strain number/investigate total strain number) × 100%, prevention effect=[(blank district attacked trees rate-treatment zone attacked trees rate)/blank district attacked trees rate] × 100%.
Prevent and treat Bradysia fungus gnat test-results and significance as following table 1.
Table 1
In table, same column lowercase represents 5% conspicuous level, and capitalization represents 1% conspicuous level.
As can be seen from the table, it is respond well that test group 1,2,3,4 prevents and treats Bradysia fungus gnat, and preventive effect is 95.13-98.49%, control group 1,2,3,4 to prevent and treat Bradysia fungus gnat effect poor, preventive effect is 50.38-67.84%.In 1% conspicuous level, after medicine 10 days, 20 days, 30 days, the preventive effect of test group 1,2,3,4 was suitable, remarkable with the preventive effect otherness of control group 1,2,3,4; After medicine 40 days, test group 1,2 preventive effect was suitable, and test group 3,4 preventive effect is suitable, extremely remarkable with control group 1,2,3,4 preventive effect difference.In 5% conspicuous level, after medicine 10 days, 30 days, the preventive effect of test group 1,2,3,4 was suitable, with the preventive effect significant difference of control group 1,2,3,4; After medicine 20 days, the preventive effect of test group 1 was 97.30%, a little more than 96.76% preventive effect of test group 2, extremely remarkable with the preventive effect otherness of control group 1,2,3,4; After medicine 40 days, test group 1,2 preventive effect was suitable, and test group 3,4 preventive effect is suitable, and the preventive effect of test group 1,2 and the preventive effect significant difference of test group 3,4 are extremely remarkable with control group 1,2,3,4 preventive effect difference.
Shown by field test results, the prevention effect significant difference of experimental group and control group, illustrates synergistic effect of the present invention clearly, experimental group 1,2 is slightly better than experimental group 3,4, prove that the proportioning of experimental group 1,2 is better, proportioning raw materials is too much or very few, and its prevention effect is all not as the present invention.
It is efficient that plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer granule of the present invention prevents and treats Bradysia fungus gnat effect, and the lasting period is long, a drug before Bradysia odoriphaga occurs, the whole season of growth in summer is without the need to preventing and treating Bradysia fungus gnat, and leek is without the need to other fertilising, grow fine, experimental group is control group comparatively, leek blade is generous, fragrance is dense, plant height, output increased about 35%, without agricultural chemicals, fertilizer residue and pollution, after using biological medicine fertilizer provided by the invention, edatope can be improved, according to " Chinese soil ambient quality standard ", after using for some time, soil is close to primary standard.Plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer provided by the present invention is cheap, easy to use, effective, the lasting period is long, toxicity is low, non agricultural chemical residuum, without pollution by chemical fertilizer, do not develop immunity to drugs, environmentally friendly, to operator safety, it is rare plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer.
Claims (6)
1. prevent and treat a plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer for Bradysia fungus gnat, it is characterized in that, be prepared from by following raw material: Herba Artemisiae annuae 0.8-1.4 part, guayule 0.6-1.2 part, avermectin slag 28 parts, turfy soil 2 parts;
Described Herba Artemisiae annuae and guayule are with dry weight basis.
2. plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described raw material is: Herba Artemisiae annuae 1.0 parts, guayule 1.0 parts, avermectin slag 28 parts, turfy soil 2 parts.
3. plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described raw material is: Herba Artemisiae annuae 1.2 parts, guayule 0.8 part, avermectin slag 28 parts, turfy soil 2 parts.
4. a preparation method for the plant-sourced biological medicine fertilizer as described in any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) by the plant of weight part Herba Artemisiae annuae and the plant of guayule, be ground into 50 object mixed powders, put into extractor, inject 20 parts of ethanolic solns, stir, at temperature is 58-65 DEG C, insulation extraction 2 hours, constantly stir during extraction, extracted rear suction filtration, obtained filtrate for subsequent use;
(2) pour above-mentioned filter residue after extraction into 16 parts of ethanolic solns again, be incubated extraction 1 hour, constantly stir during extraction under temperature is 60 DEG C of conditions, suction filtration again after having extracted, obtains filtrate for subsequent use;
(3) merge the filtrate of above-mentioned extracted twice, evaporation concentration to paste, then adds avermectin slag and the turfy soil of weight part, mixes, and granulates, and then dry at the temperature of 70-80 DEG C, screening, obtains the particle that diameter is 1mm.
5. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (1), the volume fraction of described ethanolic soln is 40%.
6. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (2), the volume fraction of described ethanolic soln is 70%.
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