CN105246679B - 包括通过静电连接组合有支持层的增强材料的多层构件 - Google Patents

包括通过静电连接组合有支持层的增强材料的多层构件 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN105246679B
CN105246679B CN201480029923.8A CN201480029923A CN105246679B CN 105246679 B CN105246679 B CN 105246679B CN 201480029923 A CN201480029923 A CN 201480029923A CN 105246679 B CN105246679 B CN 105246679B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
reinforcing material
support layer
mnltilayered structures
reinforcing
thermoplastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201480029923.8A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN105246679A (zh
Inventor
J·杜卡尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hexcel Fabrics SA
Original Assignee
Hexcel Fabrics SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hexcel Fabrics SA filed Critical Hexcel Fabrics SA
Publication of CN105246679A publication Critical patent/CN105246679A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105246679B publication Critical patent/CN105246679B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/26Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer which influences the bonding during the lamination process, e.g. release layers or pressure equalising layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00Making preforms
    • B29B11/14Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/10Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/202Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres arranged in parallel planes or structures of fibres crossing at substantial angles, e.g. cross-moulding compound [XMC]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0085Copolymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0872Prepregs
    • B29K2105/0881Prepregs unidirectional
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B2037/0092Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding in which absence of adhesives is explicitly presented as an advantage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/26Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer which influences the bonding during the lamination process, e.g. release layers or pressure equalising layers
    • B32B2037/268Release layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/08Reinforcements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/206Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/21Anti-static
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2313/00Elements other than metals
    • B32B2313/04Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2377/00Polyamides

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及多层构件,其包含适合于制造复合材料的增强材料,所述增强材料在其至少一个表面与支持层结合,其特征在于所述增强材料和支持层彼此通过静电力结合;本发明还涉及制造该材料的方法,和制造复合材料部件的方法,所述复合材料部件由除去支持层层之后由该构件获得的至少一种增强材料制成。

Description

包括通过静电连接组合有支持层的增强材料的多层构件
本发明涉及适于形成复合材料部件的增强材料的技术领域。更具体地,本发明涉及通过静电结合而使增强材料与支持层联接。
复合材料部件或制品(即,一方面,含有一个或几个纤维增强材料片材或层,另一方面,含有基质(其通常主要是热固性类型,也可以包含热塑性材料)可例如通过称为"直接法",也称之为或"液体复合材料成型(Liquid Composite Moulding)(LCM)"来制造。直接法通过以下事实定义:一个或多个纤维增强材料片以"干"状态制备(即,不含最终基质),树脂或基质随后提供,例如通过注射到含有纤维增强材料的模具中(称之为树脂传递成型(Resin Transfer Moulding)(RTM)的方法),通过遍及纤维增强材料的厚度灌注(液体树脂灌注(Liquid Resin Infusion)(LRI)法,或树脂膜灌注(Resin Film Infusion)(RFI)法),或者可选择地,通过用辊或刷在纤维增强材料的每一单个层上手工涂覆/浸渍,将这些层连续施用在成型器(shaper)上。
间接法使用预浸渍类型的增强材料,所述预浸渍类型的增强材料包括制造最终部件所需的树脂量。
各种增强材料可用于这些方法。这些材料可以是织造物、非织造物或单向类型,它们可以包括一个或多个层,它们可以任选地包括大量热塑性或热固性粘结剂。申请人已经特别地提出这样的中间材料,其包括单向纤维(特别是,碳纤维)片材,在该片材的每一面通过粘合剂联接有热塑性纤维的非织造织物,以下称之为网状(webbed)UD。这些增强材料描述于在先专利申请WO 2010/046609和WO 2010/061114。
可能时,这些增强材料以卷筒或卷的形式在其自身上输送,没有联接可能使其更易于处理的支持层。这使得可以降低废料和简化所用的铺叠装置,因为它们不需要分离支持层和卷绕支持层的装置。
然而,在某些特定应用中,申请人已经发现,仍然需要具有支持层。这特别是应用于用于切割的宽增强材料条带。铺叠宽片材的目前的机器通常管理通过使用超声刀的切割。这些机器使用支持膜作为切割平台。这些机器可以在无支持膜的情况下产生直切口(如果纤维是单向的,与纤维呈90°),但是不能得到任意形状的(锯齿形)切口。这对于用于工业规模的包含宽无支持单向片材的增强材料是不可接受的,因为废料管理具有重要经济性,直接与管理切割有关。
然而,完全设计用于管理预浸渍单向片材的某些机器适应称之为”干”的单向片材(即,具有不超过10wt%的粘结剂),条件是它们具有支持膜来运输。
因此,申请人开始尝试通过施加热量使网状UD材料与各种类型的支持膜层合,从而当热时利用热塑性网状物的粘合性质。然后,申请人碰到了在层合期间调节加热温度相关的困难。如果所用温度太高,则不能使所述增强材料与支持膜分离。相反,如果所用温度太低,则不产生结合。
此外,申请人已经观察到通过加热的层合具有某些主要缺点:
·初始增强材料被改性。层合期间使用的条件(加热温度、压力、冷却)并不必然对应于制造初始材料的要求。例如,在其冷却的同时,所述增强材料与支持膜的表面接触,这因而使其印制在所述增强材料的表面上,使得其结束时的结构区别于其初始结构。
·用于层合的粘结剂相应的加热温度可能非常高,因而与许多支持膜不相容。则所述增强材料被来自支持物的组分污染的风险相当大,由此极大地缩小适合的膜的范围。
这些困难清楚地显示需要寻找通过加热进行层合的替代方案,当使用包含粘结剂的增强材料时,或者更一般地,提出将增强材料与支持层联接的新颖方法的优点:易于进行,不产生任何初始增强材料的降解,同时用于促进处理和切割增强材料。
因此,本发明提出多层构件,其包含适合制造复合材料部件的增强材料以及支持层。在本发明上下文中,所述增强材料在其至少一个表面(特别地在其仅一个表面)与支持层联接,这种联接可以通过静电力来提供。
以这种方式在所述增强材料和所述支持层之间的结合使得可以保持初始增强材料的整体性,不会使得其初始性质减低。在本发明上下文中,在静电电荷的作用下,在所述增强材料和支持层之间产生吸引结合,导致静电结合。这种结合足够强,足以将所述支持层保持在增强材料的适当位置上,特别是在控制和切割操作期间,同时随后使其容易地将两个组件剥开,从而当随后制造复合材料部件时能够定位所述增强材料。以这种方式不利用任何加热的结合使得能够拓宽可以使用的支持层的范围,消除了温度稳定性方面的限制和污染增强材料的风险。
本发明特别有利的是,所述增强材料在18-25℃的温度不具有粘合性,由此使其不能通过利用残留粘性在环境温度,使增强材料与支持层通过粘合联接。同样地,在优选方式中,所述增强材料不包括热固性材料,或者其包括的热固性材料不超过增强材料总重量的10%。具体地,所述增强材料仅由增强纤维构成,或者由增强纤维和热塑性材料构成,其中所述热塑性材料的重量不超过所述增强材料总重量的10%,优选地,为增强材料总重量的0.5%至10%,更优选为增强材料总重量的2%至6%。然而,对于本发明可以应用至预浸渍类型的增强材料,其具有大量热塑性材料或热固性材料。通过避免通过加热的粘合,本发明可以保留初始材料的整体性,而不会导致可能存在的任何热塑性粘结剂的再熔融。
具体地,在本发明上下文中,所述增强材料可以包括一种或多种织造物、非织造物或单向材料织物。具体地,所述增强材料可以包括一种或多种由增强纤维特别是碳纤维制成的织造物、非织造物或单向材料织物。本发明的构件认为是“多层”,因为其包含增强材料层和支持层。对于所述增强材料本身,其也可以包括通过任何合适方式结合在一起的一个或多个层。
本发明可用于任何类型的适合制造复合材料部件的增强材料。这些材料具体地基于由玻璃、碳、芳族聚酰胺或陶瓷制成的纤维。
本发明特别是适合于由单向碳纤维片材构成的增强材料,所述单向碳纤维片材在其两个面上结合有热塑性粘结剂,特别是由热塑性纤维制成的非织造织物类型。这些增强材料具体地描述于以下文献:EP 1 125 728;US 6 828 016;WO 00/58083;WO 2007/015706;WO 2006/121961;和US 6 503 856;以及以本申请申请人名义的以下专利申请中:WO 2010/046609和WO 2010/061114,进一步细节可以参照这些文献。
在本发明上下文中,所述支持层优选由电绝缘材料制成。具体地,所述支持层具有的电阻率为108欧姆米(Ω.m)至1017Ω.m,优选为1010Ω.m至1017Ω.m。该测量具体地在20℃使用0%相对湿度进行,优选符合IEC标准60093:1980。电阻率越大,所述支持层和增强材料之间的粘合性越强,越耐久。具体地,所述支持层可以是聚合物,优选选自热塑性聚合物例如聚酰胺、例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,共聚酰胺、聚酯、共聚酯,或者纤维素、棉、天然丝或者人造纤维。
例如,所述支持层可以是膜、纸或织品,或者起支撑作用即促进处理和切割的任何类型层。有利地,所述支持层的厚度为10微米(μm)至500μm。
所述支持层和所述增强材料之间的粘合必须足以保持这两个元件在适当位置。在本发明上下文中,用于使所述增强材料与所述支持层联接的静电力优选对应于50毫牛顿(mN)-1000mN的剥离力。具体地,用于使所述增强材料与所述支持层联接的静电力对应于0.1千伏(kV)-3kV的残留电荷电压。静电力也随时间良好保持。即使在所述增强材料和支持层之间的界面处已经产生电荷之后立即观察到静电力降低,其中该力降低至具体地0.1kV至3kV的值,此后,不再存在粘合力的任何显著降低。具体地,当多层构件以卷或卷筒形式保存一个月时,观察到优异的稳定性。相反地,通过剥离作用非常容易地使两个部分分开。也观察到,在剥离后它们具有明显的重新联接的趋势,但是在每次重新联接和/或剥离循环,吸引降低。
有利地,多层构件呈宽度大于或等于50毫米(mm)的条带形式。本发明特别有利的是,该宽的条带需要切割,因为支撑则是必要的。该具有几米长的条带可以具体地以卷的形式储存。本发明多层构件完全适合用于具有能够进行复杂切割的机构的铺叠机。
本发明还涉及制造本发明多层构件的方法,其中通过使多层构件经受静电发生器,将所述增强材料和所述支持层联接在一起。
为此,将彼此接触的所述支持层和所述增强材料的叠层置于电场,例如通过施加10kV至50kV(优选15kV至30kV)的电压产生的电场。在本发明上下文中,所述支持层和所述增强材料由此不施加热量或压力而联接。
在常规方式,在与正电压发生器连接的导电棒和接地的导电棒之间产生电场。所述叠层可以同等良好地定位,其中所述增强材料朝向与正电压发生器连接的导电棒或者接地的导电棒。
最后,本发明还提供制造复合材料部件的方法,所述复合材料部件由至少一种增强材料制成,所述增强材料由本发明多层构件在除去支持层之后获得。通常,在对所述多层构件进行切割操作,特别是在不与其宽度平行的方向进行切割操作之后,除去所述支持层。所述增强材料不含有足够量的热塑性和/或热固性材料的情况下,如常规的注入或灌注树脂技术一样,进行常规的堆叠技术。对于可以使用技术的进一步细节,可以参考专利申请WO2010/046609。
以下参照附图给出的实施例用于说明本发明,但是不具有任何限制特性。图1示出电压测量的结果,图2示出剥离力测量的结果。
实施例
使用下述制造本发明的多层构件:
·由单向碳纤维片材(由供应商Hexcel Corporation以标号HT40销售,重量为150克/平方米(g/m2))构成的增强材料,所述单向碳纤维片材每一面上结合有共聚酰胺纤维平幅,平幅厚度为118μm,重量为6g/m2(由供应商Protechnic,41,avenue Montaigne,68700Cernay,France以标号1R8D06销售,3g/m2)。结合通过加热使用热塑性平幅在热时的粘合性来进行,根据申请WO 2010/046609的第27-30页描述的方法进行;
·由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜构成的支持层(由供应商Effegidi InternationalS.p.A,Via Provinciale per Sacca,55,43052Colorno(Parma)Italy以标号PEPOLIT150.8销售),厚度为75微米。
对于由叠置有支持层的该增强材料构成的150mm×150mm的试样进行电荷产生,由此获得具有静电力的联接。
为此,使用两个开卷机:
·一个支撑塑料膜;
·另一个支撑增强材料。
导引这两个片材,并将一个定位在另一个之上。重要的是,在两个片材之间尽可能地建立接触,然后进入产生电荷的区域,由此发生静电结合。
过程的描述
通过产生静电电荷进行联接
使用0-30000V Fraser 7300P正电压发生器(适合在1毫安(mA)的电流提供在0-30kV范围内可调的电压),具有7080静电发生器棒,长度为300mm(供应商BousseyControl)。该棒以离子云的形式由发生器产生电。该棒位于试样的25mm高处。在试样之下,设置长度为140mm的导电板(角铝棒),接地,该棒与电产生棒平行延伸。也设置导电板离试样25mm,由此试样离电产生棒和导电板相同距离。为了避免在棒和板之间产生首选的离子流,选择导电板的长度,以使得避免突出出试样宽度之外。
试样支撑在两个非常细的尼龙纱线上,使用700克(g)的重物拉紧,使得平行于棒和导电板设置。导电材料可以同等良好地朝向发生器棒或导电板。
发生器所选的电压持续地施加10秒(s)。棒产生离子云,该离子云由塑料膜的外表面(在发生器棒一侧)所吸取。在相对表面(在增强试样一侧),形成电荷的微小图像。塑料膜构成保留正电荷的阻挡层,由此被微小图像的负电荷所吸引。因而,膜因而通过正负电荷之间的吸引而朝着所述增强材料“粘着”。一旦所施加的电压大于或等于15kV,出现这种吸引。
测量残留电荷电压
使用Fraser 715测量静电压的装置测量试样上残留电荷电压。测量根据制造商的推荐进行,其中远离带电源进行校准,接地,然后以100mm的距离垂直指向试样。
测量剥离力
通过双面胶带与增强材料接触使试样固定在平面支撑物上。宽度等于膜宽度的小刚性棒加固至塑料膜的一端,使得该棒垂直于单向纤维的方向。烧杯固定至该棒上,使用移液器缓慢地将水倒入烧杯中,直到膜与增强材料分离。然后称重包括棒、烧杯和水的装置。
测量表面电压的结果
为了进行测试,制备两组六个试样,一组在15kV,另一组在30kV。
所有试样均同时制造,仅操作一次,由此设置在两个提供支撑的拉紧尼龙纱线上。
以确定时间间隔测定残留电压。
有规律地,取出试样,以使其经受剥离强度测试。由于该测试是破坏性的,试样数量随时间而减少。
图1显示对试样的电压测量对每次读数取平均的结果。由此可以看出,群体数量随时间有规律降低(由6个个体降低至1个个体)。
由此可以看出,表面电压在充电之后最初几分钟显著下降,不管是施加电压为15kV或30kV。此后,电压围绕接近0.3kV的值渐近稳定,这适合于两个初始充电值。
表面电压测量的结果
对已经老化几个小时的试样进行某些测量,而另一些在电荷产生步骤之后几分钟进行。
图2示出所得各种测量:所有未填充的标记是在电荷产生步骤之后立即测量。
初始充电电压看起来对剥离性能无影响。给定残留表面电压可以对应于各种初始充电电压,条件是表面电压随时间降低,然后稳定。因此,可以质疑在充电之后的最初几分钟测量残留电压的相关性。该结果在该时间间隔内变化太大。
因此,可以看出:
·残留表面电压在充电之后的最初几分钟快速降低,在低值稳定,这与初始充电电压无关;
·初始充电电压(条件是其为至少15kV)证明对剥离性能无影响,条件是在在充电之后的几十分钟进行该剥离测试;
·在所进行的测试中,测得的剥离力平均等于11g(即,107.9mN)±30%.
使用其它类型的塑料膜,特别是使用厚度为50μm的商标为Airtech(标号:WL3800)的聚酯膜,已经获得类似结果。

Claims (17)

1.一种多层构件,其包含适合于制造复合材料部件的增强材料,所述增强材料在其至少一个表面与支持层联接,所述增强材料和支持层彼此通过静电力联接;
其中所述增强材料在18-25℃的温度不具有粘合性;
所述增强材料基本上由增强纤维和热塑性材料组成,所述热塑性材料的重量不超过所述增强材料总重量的10%,
使所述增强材料与所述支持层联接的静电力对应于50-1000mN的剥离力;
使所述增强材料与所述支持层联接的静电力对应于0.1-3kV的残留电荷电压。
2.根据权利要求1的多层构件,其特征在于所述支持层由电绝缘材料制成。
3.根据权利要求2的多层构件,其特征在于所述支持层具有108Ω.m至1017Ω.m的电阻率。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层构件,其特征在于所述增强材料包括一种或多种由增强纤维制成的织造物、非织造物或单向材料织物。
5.根据权利要求4的多层构件,其特征在于增强纤维是玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维或陶瓷纤维。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层构件,其特征在于所述增强材料包括热塑性粘结剂。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层构件,其特征在于所述热塑性材料的重量为增强材料总重量的0.5%至10%。
8.根据权利要求7的多层构件,其特征在于,所述热塑性材料的重量为增强材料总重量的2%至6%。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层构件,其特征在于所述增强材料由每一面上结合有热塑性粘结剂的单向碳纤维片材构成。
10.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层构件,其特征在于所述增强材料由每一面上结合有热塑性纤维非织造织物的单向碳纤维片材构成。
11.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层构件,其特征在于所述支持层为膜、纸或织品。
12.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层构件,其特征在于所述支持层由聚合物制成或者由纤维素、棉或天然丝制成。
13.根据权利要求12的多层构件,其特征在于,所述聚合物选自热塑性聚合物。
14.根据权利要求12的多层构件,其特征在于,热塑性聚合物选自聚酰胺、共聚酰胺、聚酯、共聚酯。
15.根据权利要求12的多层构件,其特征在于所述支持层由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制成。
16.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层构件,其特征在于所述支持层具有10-500μm的厚度。
17.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多层构件,其特征在于其呈宽度大于或等于50mm的条带形式。
CN201480029923.8A 2013-05-30 2014-05-26 包括通过静电连接组合有支持层的增强材料的多层构件 Expired - Fee Related CN105246679B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1354954 2013-05-30
FR1354954A FR3006235B1 (fr) 2013-05-30 2013-05-30 Element multicouche comprenant un materiau de renfort associe a une couche support par liaison electrostatique
PCT/FR2014/051221 WO2014191667A1 (fr) 2013-05-30 2014-05-26 Elément multicouche comprenant un matériau de renfort associé à une couche support par liaison électrostatique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN105246679A CN105246679A (zh) 2016-01-13
CN105246679B true CN105246679B (zh) 2018-05-25

Family

ID=49151090

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201480029923.8A Expired - Fee Related CN105246679B (zh) 2013-05-30 2014-05-26 包括通过静电连接组合有支持层的增强材料的多层构件

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US9815265B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3003706A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6366206B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN105246679B (zh)
AU (1) AU2014272962B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR112015030058A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2911360C (zh)
FR (1) FR3006235B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2650136C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2014191667A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3073774B1 (fr) 2017-11-22 2019-11-15 Hexcel Reinforcements Materiau de renfort comprenant une couche poreuse en un polymere thermoplastique partiellement reticule et procedes associes
FR3108056A1 (fr) 2020-03-11 2021-09-17 Hexcel Reinforcements Nouveaux matériaux de renfort à grammage élevé, adaptés à la constitution de pièces composites, procédés et utilisation
FR3108057B1 (fr) 2020-03-11 2023-01-06 Hexcel Reinforcements Matériau de renfort à fils de carbone torsadés pour la constitution de pièces composites, procédés et utilisation
FR3120563B1 (fr) 2021-03-11 2023-03-17 Hexcel Reinforcements Nouveaux matériaux de renfort à base de fils torsadés S et Z, adaptés à la constitution de pièces composites, procédés et utilisation
FR3128398B1 (fr) 2021-10-21 2024-01-26 Hexcel Reinforcements Matériau de renfort comprenant une couche poreuse en un polymère thermoplastique réactif et procédés associés
WO2023067282A1 (fr) 2021-10-21 2023-04-27 Hexcel Reinforcements Materiau de renfort comprenant une couche poreuse en un polymere thermoplastique reactif et procedes associes
FR3128399A1 (fr) 2021-10-21 2023-04-28 Hexcel Reinforcements Procédé de fabrication de pièces composites à partir d’un matériau de renfort comprenant une couche poreuse en un polymère thermoplastique réactif et d’une résine thermodurcissable

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5593738A (en) * 1993-12-20 1997-01-14 Cheil Synthetics Inc. Process for the preparation of composite semi-permeable membrane

Family Cites Families (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4491968B2 (ja) 1999-03-23 2010-06-30 東レ株式会社 複合炭素繊維基材、プリフォームおよび炭素繊維強化プラスチックの製造方法
GB9907204D0 (en) 1999-03-30 1999-05-26 Woolstencroft David H A composite
US6828016B2 (en) 1999-04-08 2004-12-07 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Preform for composite material and composite material
US6503856B1 (en) * 2000-12-05 2003-01-07 Hexcel Corporation Carbon fiber sheet materials and methods of making and using the same
US6759352B2 (en) * 2001-07-05 2004-07-06 Sony Corporation Composite carbon fiber material and method of making same
JP4241203B2 (ja) * 2002-06-13 2009-03-18 東レ株式会社 可撓性フィルムのラミネート方法およびラミネート装置並びに回路基板の製造方法
JP2004114585A (ja) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-15 Toray Ind Inc 可撓性フィルムのラミネート方法およびラミネート装置
US8246882B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2012-08-21 The Boeing Company Methods and preforms for forming composite members with interlayers formed of nonwoven, continuous materials
JP4341419B2 (ja) * 2004-02-03 2009-10-07 東レ株式会社 プリフォームの製造方法および複合材料の製造方法
US7585554B2 (en) * 2004-07-02 2009-09-08 Corium International, Inc. Wound dressing, ingredient delivery device and IV hold-down incorporating a statically retained handle
US8703630B2 (en) 2005-05-09 2014-04-22 Cytec Technology Corp Resin-soluble thermoplastic veil for composite materials
GB0622060D0 (en) * 2006-11-06 2006-12-13 Hexcel Composites Ltd Improved composite materials
CN102660118B (zh) * 2007-03-20 2015-04-29 东丽株式会社 模塑材料,预浸料和纤维增强复合材料,以及生产纤维增强模塑基材的方法
GB0805640D0 (en) * 2008-03-28 2008-04-30 Hexcel Composites Ltd Improved composite materials
JP2010018923A (ja) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-28 Toray Ind Inc 異方強化繊維シートおよび異方強化繊維シート積層体の製造方法
GB0817591D0 (en) * 2008-09-26 2008-11-05 Hexcel Composites Ltd Improvements in composite materials
US9427917B2 (en) 2008-10-23 2016-08-30 Hexcel Reinforcements Reinforcement materials, suitable for the constitution of composite parts
FR2939069B1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2013-03-01 Hexcel Reinforcements Nouveau materiau intermediaire de largeur constante pour la realisation de pieces composites par procede direct.
EP2392714B1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2013-12-25 Toray Industries, Inc. Process and apparatus for producing reinforcing-fiber strip base having circular-arc part, and multilayer structure, preform, and fiber-reinforced resin composite material each comprising or produced using the base
JP5313844B2 (ja) * 2009-11-13 2013-10-09 日本バイリーン株式会社 シートの製造方法、およびシートの製造装置
JP2011168009A (ja) * 2010-02-22 2011-09-01 Toray Ind Inc プリフォームの製造方法
JP2012091879A (ja) * 2010-10-25 2012-05-17 Toray Ind Inc シート材搬送方法及び搬送装置
FR2988639B1 (fr) * 2012-04-02 2014-06-13 Hexcel Reinforcements Materiau aux proprietes de conductivite ameliorees pour la realisation de pieces composites en association avec une resine
ES2728348T3 (es) * 2013-04-19 2019-10-23 Toray Industries Método para producir una lámina de fibra de refuerzo

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5593738A (en) * 1993-12-20 1997-01-14 Cheil Synthetics Inc. Process for the preparation of composite semi-permeable membrane

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3006235B1 (fr) 2015-11-20
RU2650136C2 (ru) 2018-04-09
CA2911360A1 (fr) 2014-12-04
CA2911360C (en) 2020-08-11
JP2016522105A (ja) 2016-07-28
BR112015030058A2 (pt) 2017-07-25
WO2014191667A1 (fr) 2014-12-04
CN105246679A (zh) 2016-01-13
FR3006235A1 (fr) 2014-12-05
EP3003706A1 (fr) 2016-04-13
US20160288476A1 (en) 2016-10-06
US9815265B2 (en) 2017-11-14
AU2014272962A1 (en) 2015-12-17
RU2015156495A (ru) 2017-07-06
AU2014272962B2 (en) 2017-05-18
JP6366206B2 (ja) 2018-08-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105246679B (zh) 包括通过静电连接组合有支持层的增强材料的多层构件
JP5854504B2 (ja) 直接法による複合材料部品の製造のための一定の幅を有する新規の中間材
US20190338087A1 (en) Graphene-augmented composite materials
WO2013118689A1 (ja) 炭素繊維複合材料
CN109940959A (zh) 柔性复合材料体系和方法
AU2013212521A1 (en) Improvements in or relating to laminates
EP2268720A2 (en) Composite materials
US20180361631A1 (en) Composite structures, materials with a removable backing for composite structures and related devices and methods
ES2866904T3 (es) Método para fabricar material de resina reforzado con fibra y aparato para fabricar material de resina reforzado con fibra
JPWO2013129169A1 (ja) 炭素繊維複合材料
BR112015001367B1 (pt) lâminas raspadoras
JP5482212B2 (ja) 強化繊維積層体の製造方法および製造装置
SE451557B (sv) Sett och anordning for tillverknig av en kropp av fiberarmerad plast, varvid elstrom ledes genom fibrerna i samband med lindningsoperationen
KR20150120340A (ko) 스탬퍼블 시트
JP7284192B2 (ja) 樹脂一体化強化繊維シート及びその製造方法
JP2005219228A (ja) 強化繊維基材の製造方法、プリフォームの製造方法および複合材料の製造方法
WO2023100702A1 (ja) シートプリプレグの製造方法
US10843420B2 (en) Relating to electrically conducting materials
CN107710337A (zh) 用于将云母纸裹绕在电导体上的方法以及适用于该方法的云母纸带
WO2020246440A1 (ja) 繊維強化樹脂成形体
WO2023237856A1 (en) A prepreg, a method of testing thereof and a process for its manufacture
CN117382296A (zh) 复合机、复合加工方法及在纳米纤维膜面料生产中的应用
JPH0596636A (ja) 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂基材の製造方法及びその装置
JP2017177812A (ja) プリプレグロールおよびその製造方法
JPH0365769B2 (zh)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20180525

Termination date: 20210526

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee