CN105210641A - A kind of standardized planting method of the bighead atractylodes rhizome - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of standardized planting method of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, comprise following operating procedure: screening seed; Sowing; Field management; 4 fertilisings; Damage by disease and insect prevents; At the beginning of 7 months-by the end of August, part starts to bloom, and at this moment should pluck bud in time; Cultivation is gathered and is planted; After entering late November, bighead atractylodes rhizome acrial part starts to wither, and gathers in time, prescinds acrial part, cuts off under ground portion fibrous root, is transplanted in time and does not plant in the plot of the bighead atractylodes rhizome.Adopt the bighead atractylodes rhizome of said method plantation can reach the requirement of national traditional Chinese medicine quality control procedure, bighead atractylodes rhizome quality high-quality, safety, can substitute the medical value of Wild Plant Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz completely, and bighead atractylodes rhizome crop cycle is short, high efficiency, becomes the leading industry of peasant programme.

Description

A kind of standardized planting method of the bighead atractylodes rhizome

Technical field

The present invention relates to the implantation methods of medicinal plant, especially a kind of standardized planting method of the bighead atractylodes rhizome.

Background technology

Bighead atractylodes rhizome perennial herb is high 30 ~ 80 centimetres.Rhizome is thick, slightly in fist shape.Stem is upright, top branch, base portion lignification, the not obvious pod of tool.Single leaf alternate; The lower portion of the stem leaf has long handle, blade 3 drastic crack, is occasionally 5 drastic cracks, and middle sliver is comparatively large, oval or those aciculiforms of ovum shape, and both sides sliver is less, and be generally ovum shape lanceolar, base portion is asymmetric; The petiole of stem upper leaf is shorter, and blade does not divide, oval to ovum shape lanceolar, and long 4 ~ 10 centimetres, wide 1.5 ~ 4 centimetres, tip is gradually sharp, and base portion is narrow downward one-tenth handle gradually, and leaf margin all has thorn-like tooth, above green, below light green, vein projection shows.Capitulum top is raw, diameter 2 ~ 4 centimetres; Involucre mitriform, phyllary 7 ~ 8 arranges, film quality, and imbricate arranges; Base portion phyllary 1 is taken turns, pinniform drastic crack, surrounds involucre; Spend majority, and be born on smooth holder; Corolla tubulose, bottom is thin, and faint yellow, the top tip expands, purple, and tip 5 splits, sliver lanceolar, abduction or warp; Stamen 5, flower pesticide is linear, and filigree is from life; Gynoecium 1, ovary is the next, and close by filbert fine hair, style is elongated, column cap head, and there are 1 shallow fracture in top central authorities.The oval shape of achene is oval, micro-flat, is about 8 millimeters, about 2.5 millimeters, footpath, by yellow-white fine hair, and the circular vestige that top has pappus residual.9 ~ October of florescence.Really 10 ~ November of phase.

The bighead atractylodes rhizome has tonifying spleen, beneficial stomach, eliminating dampness, and in, antiabortive effect.

The bighead atractylodes rhizome is China's medicinal herbs most in use simply, have long applicating history, and the bighead atractylodes rhizome is excavated by predatoriness, and resource is increasingly exhausted.And existing bighead atractylodes rhizome implantation methods is had nothing in common with each other, the quality of the bighead atractylodes rhizome of results is also uneven.

Summary of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a kind of standardized planting method of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, to guarantee that the bighead atractylodes rhizome of planting can reach national traditional Chinese medicine quality control procedure.

Technical scheme of the present invention comprises following operating procedure:

1 screening seed

Select taupe, seed that is full, that enrich is planted;

2 sowings

Select new reclaimed land or in the past do not plant the plot of the bighead atractylodes rhizome and front stubble is non-composite family crop, select the sand loam that soil layer is deep, fertile, ploughed deeply before the winter, sort out undesirable root;

Large area sowing should in clear and bright front and back, and rainwater carries out before arriving;

Before sowing, the seed filtered out is tedded 1 ~ 2 day, broadcast the previous day and spend the night with carbendazim emerge in worm water, then rinse well with clear water, dry for subsequent use;

Before broadcasting on whole good plot, open railway carriage or compartment by wide 0.8-1 meter, railway carriage or compartment is high 10-12 centimetres, Chang Shi plot, railway carriage or compartment and determining, according to Local Weather Report, a couple of days before raining, with hoe, face, railway carriage or compartment large clod is impeached carefully, spread fertilizer over the fields fused calcium magnesium phosphate in face, railway carriage or compartment, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 100 kilograms, then broadcast sowing Atractylodes macrocephala seed, every mu with kind of a 6kg, blinding 1 ~ 2 centimetre;

3 field management

In mid or late May, the bighead atractylodes rhizome starts to emerge, timely weeding;

4 fertilisings

Height of seedling 5-6 centimetres, spray a foliage fertilizer, carry out second and third Ci Zhui composite fertilizer at the beginning of-7 months mid-Junes, 15-20 kgs/acre;

Damage by disease and insect prevents

Should prevent in time about first quarter moon after emerging;

5 deflorations

At the beginning of 7 months-by the end of August, part starts to bloom, and at this moment should pluck bud in time;

6 bighead atractylodes rhizomes are planted and are gathered and plant

After entering late November, bighead atractylodes rhizome acrial part starts to wither, and gathers in time, prescinds acrial part, cuts off under ground portion fibrous root, is transplanted in time and does not plant in the plot of the bighead atractylodes rhizome.

Adopt the bighead atractylodes rhizome of said method plantation can reach the requirement of national traditional Chinese medicine quality control procedure, bighead atractylodes rhizome quality high-quality, safety, can substitute the medical value of Wild Plant Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz completely, and bighead atractylodes rhizome crop cycle is short, high efficiency, becomes the leading industry of peasant programme.

Embodiment

Moistening monsoon climate district, genus subtropics, Shibing County, weather has monsoon, high altitude feature.Summer is without heat, winter is without severe cold, gentle moistening, solar radiation is weak, and sunshine duration is few, year total radiation every square metre 3538 megajoule, sunshine duration 1197 hours average temperatures of the whole year 14 DEG C-16 DEG C, year total accumulated temperature 5500 DEG C, frost-free season 225-294 days, annual precipitation 1060-1200 ㎜, long-term prevailing wind is northeaster.Be applicable to the plantation bighead atractylodes rhizome.

1 screening seed

Select taupe, seed that is full, that enrich is planted;

2 sowings

Select new reclaimed land or in the past do not plant the plot of the bighead atractylodes rhizome and front stubble is non-composite family crop, deep with soil layer, fertile sand loam is better, ploughed deeply, sort out undesirable root before the winter;

Large area sowing should in clear and bright front and back, and rainwater carries out before arriving;

Before sowing, the seed filtered out is tedded 1 ~ 2 day, broadcast the previous day and spend the night with carbendazim emerge in worm water, then rinse well with clear water, dry for subsequent use;

Before broadcasting on whole good plot, open railway carriage or compartment by wide about 1 meter, railway carriage or compartment is high 10-12 centimetres, Chang Shi plot, railway carriage or compartment and determining, according to Local Weather Report, a couple of days before raining, with hoe, face, railway carriage or compartment large clod is impeached carefully, spread fertilizer over the fields fused calcium magnesium phosphate in face, railway carriage or compartment, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 100 kilograms, then broadcast sowing Atractylodes macrocephala seed, every mu with kind of a 6kg, blinding 1-2 centimetres;

3 field management

In mid or late May, the bighead atractylodes rhizome starts to emerge, timely weeding, the artificial removing of dicotyledon weeds, monocotyledon weed can go to Tianjin etc., every mu of consumption with weed killer herbicide cover grass energy, haloxyfop-r-methyl, the show of sulphur grass: 30 kg of water+2 bags cover grass energies, 20 milliliters every bag, carry out second and third weeding respectively at the beginning of mid-June, 7 months, method is with first time;

2. apply fertilizer

Height of seedling about 5 centimeters, spray a foliage fertilizer, mainly potassium dihydrogen phosphate, concentration is 15 kg of water+100g potassium dihydrogen phosphates, to enhance disease resistance, this work is carried out separately, carry out second and third time at the beginning of mid-June, 7 months to topdress, mainly use Western composite fertilizer, total foster >=45%, N:P:K=15::1:15,15 ~ 20 kgs/acre;

3. damage by disease and insect prevention

Bighead atractylodes rhizome seedling stage diseases and pests is more, should prevent in time after emerging about first quarter moon, and pre-disease prevention can use root-rot spirit, carbendazim, thiophanate methyl etc., and several diseases prevention agent is alternately used; Insecticide: imidacloprid wettable powder, bud fear butralin etc.;

4. defloration

At the beginning of 7 months, part starts bolting, and stipes number 2 ~ 5 saves, plant height 15 ~ 17 centimeters; Non-bolting person 95%, 6 ~ 10 centimeters, 5 ~ 7 leaves, general 4 ~ 5 leaves start bolting, and after August, part starts to bloom, and planting, at this moment should pluck bud in time, in order to avoid consume too many nutrition for obtaining high-quality art the coming year;

5. the bighead atractylodes rhizome is planted and is gathered and plant

After entering late November, bighead atractylodes rhizome acrial part starts to wither, and at this moment should gather in time, prescind acrial part, cuts off under ground portion fibrous root, is transplanted in time and does not plant in the plot of the bighead atractylodes rhizome.

Claims (1)

1. a standardized planting method for the bighead atractylodes rhizome, is characterized in that comprising following operating procedure:

1) seed is screened

Select taupe, seed that is full, that enrich is planted;

2) sow

Select new reclaimed land or in the past do not plant the plot of the bighead atractylodes rhizome and front stubble is non-composite family crop, select the sand loam that soil layer is deep, fertile, ploughed deeply before the winter, sort out undesirable root;

Large area sowing should in clear and bright front and back, and rainwater carries out before arriving;

Before sowing, the seed filtered out is tedded 1 ~ 2 day, broadcast the previous day and spend the night with carbendazim emerge in worm water, then rinse well with clear water, dry for subsequent use;

Before broadcasting on whole good plot, open railway carriage or compartment by wide 0.8-1 meter, railway carriage or compartment is high 10-12 centimetres, Chang Shi plot, railway carriage or compartment and determining, according to Local Weather Report, a couple of days before raining, with hoe, face, railway carriage or compartment large clod is impeached carefully, spread fertilizer over the fields fused calcium magnesium phosphate in face, railway carriage or compartment, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 100 kilograms, then broadcast sowing Atractylodes macrocephala seed, every mu with kind of a 6kg, blinding 1 ~ 2 centimetre;

3) field management

In mid or late May, the bighead atractylodes rhizome starts to emerge, timely weeding;

4) apply fertilizer

Height of seedling 5-6 centimetres, spray a foliage fertilizer, carry out second and third Ci Zhui composite fertilizer at the beginning of-7 months mid-Junes, 15 ~ 20 kgs/acre;

5) damage by disease and insect prevention

Should prevent in time about first quarter moon after emerging;

6) defloration

At the beginning of 7 months-by the end of August, part starts to bloom, and at this moment should pluck bud in time;

7) gather and plant

After entering late November, bighead atractylodes rhizome acrial part starts to wither, and gathers in time, prescinds acrial part, cuts off under ground portion fibrous root, is transplanted in time and does not plant in the plot of the bighead atractylodes rhizome.