CN105189398A - 用于玻璃密封的基于聚(环氧丁烷)多元醇的聚氨基甲酸酯密封剂 - Google Patents
用于玻璃密封的基于聚(环氧丁烷)多元醇的聚氨基甲酸酯密封剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105189398A CN105189398A CN201480014103.1A CN201480014103A CN105189398A CN 105189398 A CN105189398 A CN 105189398A CN 201480014103 A CN201480014103 A CN 201480014103A CN 105189398 A CN105189398 A CN 105189398A
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Abstract
通过使聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)聚合物与增链剂和聚异氰酸酯反应制得聚氨基甲酸酯玻璃密封剂。所述聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)聚合物可以用作具有至多50重量%包括蓖麻油的其它多元醇的混合物。所述密封剂尤其适用作用于绝缘玻璃单元(IGU)的二次密封剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于玻璃密封的聚氨基甲酸酯密封剂、一种密封玻璃表面的方法、一种制造绝缘玻璃单元的方法和用聚氨基甲酸酯密封剂密封的绝缘玻璃单元。
背景技术
密封剂通常涂覆到玻璃窗以将玻璃粘合到框架或其它衬底且防止边缘周围的漏气和漏水。其实例为汽车挡风玻璃。另外,许多建筑物嵌装玻璃应用依赖密于封剂将玻璃粘合到框架结构。这些材料的一般要求为其为弹性的且其很好地粘合到玻璃和其它材料。另外,其需要形成针对气体和液体渗透的良好屏障。为实现此目的,密封剂材料需要预防在密封剂与衬底之间的界面处,以及通过密封剂材料本身的泄漏。
具有商业意义的嵌装玻璃应用为绝缘玻璃单元(IGU)。IGU一般包含两个或更多个通过隔片保持相隔较小距离的平行玻璃窗格。窗格之间封闭的空间通常保持真空或填充有空气或惰性气体,如氩气、氦气或氙气。真空或截留的惰性气体有助于这些IGU的许多热绝缘特性。密封剂将单元保持在一起且提供对气体进出窗格之间的封闭空间的通道的阻隔。这对于维持单元的热绝缘特性重要。另外,密封剂防止水渗入单元中。这有助于防止雾化。
IGU通常利用两种不同密封剂材料。“主要”密封剂用于将玻璃窗格直接密封到隔片,所述密封剂如其名称所暗示,界定相邻玻璃窗格之间的间距并且因此界定封闭真空或气体空间的厚度。作为主要密封剂的所选材料为聚异丁烯,其为对于湿气和气体的极好阻隔。但是,聚异丁烯不提供所需的机械特性和胶粘强度。因此,典型的是使用二次密封剂制造IGU。此二次密封剂提供所需的粘附和机械强度,而且在防止湿气通过和气体进出单元中重要,尤其在主要密封剂随时间推移变得损坏或降解时。
当前用于IGU中的最高性能的聚氨基甲酸酯二次密封剂是基于聚丁二烯多元醇。这些聚氨基甲酸酯具有极好的湿蒸气透射率,但受不充分UV稳定性困扰。由于不佳的UV稳定性,这些聚氨基甲酸酯密封剂随时间推移降解,且IGU的使用期限被缩短。这些聚氨基甲酸酯也易受水解不稳定性影响。
其它聚氨基甲酸酯二次密封剂表现得甚至更差。基于环氧丙烷的聚合物的那些密封剂受对于湿蒸气和气体的高渗透性困扰。它们也显示不佳UV稳定性和有时不充分的水解稳定性,且含有其的IGU具有较短使用期限。
低透水性通常不与实质上非多孔聚合物中的低透气性相关。那是因为低透水性通过密封剂聚合物中高水平的疏水性促进,且增加疏水性倾向于通过通常用于填充IGU的玻璃窗格之间的空间的大气气体和非极性气体(如氩气)促进渗透。因此,倾向于减小透水性的措施通常似乎对透气性具有不良影响,且反之亦然。
聚氨基甲酸酯的另一缺点为出于处理原因,大量的塑化剂化合物通常必须包括于配制物中。聚氨基甲酸酯通常通过混合多元醇组分与聚异氰酸酯化合物制得。这些组分之间的粘度的显著差异可能导致混合困难;进而需要较长混合时间。由于使用的组分的反应性质,存在关于粘度增加和放热的处理缺点。包括塑化剂以减小多元醇组分的粘度以促进混合、改善固化早期期间的粘度增加且通过充当散热片以减少放热。出于这些原因,塑化剂广泛理解为对于通过用于工业中的设备处理聚氨基甲酸酯系统必需。随时间推移,此塑化剂可能浸滤到玻璃窗格之间的空间中且引起雾化。此雾化可能性可以通过减少塑化剂含量或完全消除所述塑化剂改善。
因此,需要提供一种用于玻璃安装的热固性、弹性密封剂,所述密封剂具有良好处理特征、展现与玻璃的良好粘附、提供对于气体和液体(包括大气水分)的所需阻隔且具有所需物理特性、UV稳定性和水解稳定性。
发明内容
本发明在一个方面中为一种形成玻璃与衬底之间的密封部分的方法,其包含:
a)通过组合包括以下的成分形成可固化反应混合物:1)具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇,或50到99重量%具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇与1到50重量%选自以下的至少一种其它多元醇的混合物:(i)具有至少300的当量重量的环氧丙烷的聚合物和共聚物和(ii)含羟基脂肪或油,其中组分1)具有每分子至少2.2个羟基的平均标称官能度;2)至少一种增链剂和3)至少一种有机聚异氰酸酯,其中异氰酸酯指数为70到130;
b)将可固化反应混合物涂覆到所述玻璃与所述衬底之间的界面且与所述玻璃和所述衬底两者接触;
c)固化可固化反应混合物以形成玻璃与衬底之间的弹性密封部分。
在特定实施例中,本发明为一种生产用于多窗格玻璃组合件的边缘密封的方法,其中多窗格玻璃组合件包含至少一对实质上平行的玻璃板,所述对的玻璃板通过一个或多个安置在所述对的玻璃板之间且在玻璃板的至少一个边缘处或附近的隔片彼此分离;所述方法包含:
a)将可固化反应混合物涂覆到所述对的玻璃板的所述至少一个边缘且与所述对的玻璃板以及分离所述对的玻璃板的隔片中的每一者接触,和
b)固化可固化反应混合物以形成在所述对的玻璃板之间且粘附到分离所述对的玻璃板的隔片的弹性体边缘密封;
其中可固化反应混合物含有1)具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇,或50到99重量%具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇与1到50重量%选自以下的至少一种其它多元醇的混合物:(i)具有至少300的羟基当量重量的环氧丙烷的聚合物和共聚物和(ii)含羟基脂肪或油,其中组分1)具有每分子至少2.2个羟基的平均标称官能度;2)至少一种增链剂和3)至少一种有机聚异氰酸酯,且其中异氰酸酯指数为70到130。
本发明也为一种多窗格玻璃组合件,其包含至少一对实质上平行的玻璃板,所述对的玻璃板通过一或多个安置在玻璃板的至少一个边缘处或附近的所述对的玻璃板之间的隔片彼此分离,和粘合到玻璃板的所述边缘和隔片的弹性体边缘密封,其中弹性边缘密封为由可固化反应混合物固化形成的聚合物,所述可固化反应混合物由组合包括以下的成分形成:1)具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇,或50到99重量%具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇与1到50重量%选自以下的至少一种其它多元醇的混合物:(i)具有至少300的羟基当量重量的环氧丙烷的聚合物和共聚物和(ii)含羟基脂肪或油,其中组分1)具有每分子至少2.2个羟基的平均标称官能度;2)至少一种增链剂和3)至少一种有机聚异氰酸酯,且其中异氰酸酯指数为70到130。
本发明提供一种用于玻璃安装的易于可加工、热固性、弹性密封剂。密封剂组合物不需要存在福美双(thiram)或二氧化锰,其优选地不存在于组合物中。固化密封剂在玻璃与衬底材料之间形成强力弹性密封部分,其具有良好粘附性以及低气体和液体渗透性。
附图说明
图式为用根据本发明的弹性密封部分密封的多窗格玻璃组合件的侧视图。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,密封部分形成于玻璃与衬底之间。借由“玻璃”意指任何具有至少100℃的玻璃转化温度的无机非晶形材料。其优选地对可见光透明。优选类型的玻璃为二氧化硅玻璃,其意指含有50重量%或更多二氧化硅的玻璃。在二氧化硅玻璃中包括熔融二氧化硅玻璃、碱石灰-二氧化硅玻璃、硼硅酸钠玻璃、氧化铅玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃等。另一优选类型的玻璃为所谓的“氧化物玻璃”,其含有氧化铝和较小量的氧化锗。
玻璃可以在其主要表面中的任一者或两者上具有一个或多个涂层。此类涂料的实例包括不同类型的反射涂层,如IR、UV或可见光反射表面、IR吸收剂、UV吸收剂、染色剂或其它着色层等。
玻璃可以具有多层结构。举例来说,玻璃可以由两个或更多个通过一个或多个粘着剂聚合物的中间层粘合的玻璃层组成。
衬底可以是任何固体材料,包括例如金属、陶瓷、另一种玻璃、有机聚合物、木质纤维材料(如木材、纸、棉等)或另一生物或天然材料。有机聚合物可以例如是合成或生物来源的聚合物,且可以是热塑性物或热固性物。
在特定实施例中,玻璃形成车辆、建筑物或其它结构的窗且衬底为所述窗所贴附的框架元件。框架元件可以是车辆车架结构(或其一部分)。框架元件可以是窗扇、门挺或所述窗所贴附的其它结构支撑件。
在其它特定实施例中,衬底为用于多窗格玻璃组合件,如绝缘玻璃单元(IGU)的隔片。此类多窗格组合件包含至少一对实质上平行的玻璃板。玻璃板通过安置在至少一个边缘处或附近的玻璃板之间的一或多个周边隔片彼此分离。多窗格组合件可以含有任何较大数目的实质上平行的玻璃板,其中每一相邻对由周边隔片分离。
多窗格组合件的图示在图式中示出。在图中,实质上平行的玻璃窗格1由边缘11附近的隔片2分离,界定两个玻璃窗格1之间的空间4。通常,隔片2从边缘11略微凹陷,保留由窗格1中的每一者的内表面10和隔片2的外表面9界定的空腔8。隔片2通常沿玻璃窗格1的边缘11的实质长度安置,且更通常地,如隔片2的隔片将安置在玻璃窗格1的整个周边周围。本发明的密封剂5粘合到玻璃板1的所述边缘11且粘合到隔片2,形成玻璃窗格1中的每一者与隔片2之间,和玻璃窗格1之间的密封部分。如所显示,密封剂5占据由窗格1中的每一者的内表面10和隔片2的外表面9界定的形成的空腔8。
在图中示出的特定实施例中,隔片2为中空的,且用任选的干燥剂6填充。通常提供干燥剂6用以吸收来自空间4内含有的气体的湿气。空间4通常用如空气、氮气、氦气氩气、氙气等的气体填充。
也在图中示出主要密封剂3,其为任选的但通常包括于绝缘玻璃单元中。主要密封剂3最接近于玻璃板2之间的气隙且一般存在以阻止湿蒸气和气体移动进出空间4。主要密封剂3优选地为聚异丁烯,但可以是具有阻隔特性的另一聚合物。
密封剂5为由组合至少以下成分形成的可固化反应混合物的反应产物:
1)具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇,或50到99重量%具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇与1到50重量%选自以下的至少一种其它多元醇的混合物:(i)具有至少300的羟基当量重量的环氧丙烷的聚合物和共聚物和(ii)含羟基脂肪或油,其中组分1)具有每分子至少2.2个羟基的平均标称官能度;2)至少一种增链剂和3)至少一种有机聚异氰酸酯,且其中异氰酸酯指数为70到130。
聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇为1,2-环氧丁烷的均聚物,或其与按所有单体的组合重量计至多25%,优选地至多10%且更优选地至多5%的可共聚环氧烷,如环氧乙烷、1,2-环氧丙烷、2,3-环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-氧化己烷等的共聚物。聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)均聚物是优选的。聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇可以通过在引发剂化合物存在下聚合1,2-环氧丁烷(单独或连同一个或多种如所描述的共聚单体)以已知方式制备。聚合一般使用如碱金属氢氧化物、双金属氰化物催化剂等的催化剂催化。
用于聚合的引发剂化合物含有平均至少1.8个可以经烷氧基化的基团。聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇的标称官能度等于引发剂化合物上的可烷氧基化位点的数目,或如果使用引发剂化合物的混合物,那么等于混合物中每分子的可烷氧基化位点的平均数。优选的引发剂化合物含有两个或更多个羟基,但含有胺氢的化合物也是适用的。引发剂化合物优选地具有每可烷氧基化位点15到150且更优选地30到75的当量重量。合适的引发剂化合物的实例包括乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、环己烷二甲醇、甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、赤藻糖醇、季戊四醇、乙二胺、丙二胺、苯胺、甲苯二胺等。
聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇优选地具有2到3,更优选地2到2.5的标称官能度,和每羟基500到3000,尤其800到2500并且最优选地800到1500的当量重量。
如果聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇具有至少2.2的标称官能度,那么其可以是反应混合物中的唯一高当量重量(即200克/当量或更高)多元醇。如果聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇具有低于2.2的标称官能度,那么有必要提供第二多元醇以将平均标称官能度增加到至少2.2。即使聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇的标称官能度为2.2或更大,此类第二多元醇也可以存在。
在一些实施例中,第二多元醇为具有至少300的羟基当量重量的环氧丙烷的聚合物或共聚物。环氧丙烷可以是1,3-环氧丙烷,但更通常是1,2-环氧丙烷。如果是共聚物,那么共聚单体为另一可共聚环氧烷,如环氧乙烷、2,3-环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-氧化己烷等。共聚物可以含有按聚合环氧烷的总重量计75重量%或更多,优选地85重量%或更多的聚合环氧丙烷。共聚物优选地不含超过15%,尤其不超过5重量%的聚合环氧乙烷。环氧丙烷的聚合物或共聚物应具有至少2.0的标称官能度。标称官能度优选地为2.5到6,更优选地2.5到4或2.5到3。环氧丙烷的聚合物或共聚物的羟基当量重量为至少300,优选地至少500,更优选地500到3000,在一些实施例中800到2500且在特定实施例中800到1500。
环氧丙烷的聚合物或共聚物可以与关于1,2-环氧丁烷聚合物所描述相同的一般方式制得,不同之处在于单体的选择。用以产生环氧丙烷的聚合物或共聚物的合适的引发剂化合物包括关于1,2-环氧丁烷聚合物在上文所述的那些化合物。
在其它实施例中,第二多元醇为含羟基脂肪或油。含羟基脂肪或油应含有每分子平均至少两个,优选地至少2.2个羟基。合适的此类油包括天然产生的植物油,如蓖麻油和雷斯克勒油(lesquerellaoil)。蓖麻油为优选的含羟基油。
两种或更多种前述第二多元醇的混合物可以存在。
当使用多元醇的混合物时,聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)占混合物的50到99重量%,且第二多元醇占其1到50%。聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)优选地占混合物的70到99重量%,且更优选地占混合物的70到90重量%,第二多元醇相应地占混合物的重量的其余部分。
组分1)具有至少2.2,且优选地至少2.3的平均标称羟基官能度。其平均标称羟基官能度可以高达6,但优选地至多4且更优选地至多3。组分1)的平均羟基当量重量可以是约500到3000,且更优选地500到1500且更优选地600到1200。
尤其优选作为组分1)的为70到95重量%的如之前所描述的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)聚合物和5到30重量%的蓖麻油的混合物。此类尤其优选的混合物可以含有85到95重量%的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)和5到15重量%的蓖麻油。在这些尤其优选实施例中,聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇优选地具有2到3,更优选地2到2.5的标称官能度,和每羟基500到3000,尤其800到2500并且最优选地800到1500的当量重量。
组分2)为增链剂,其意指具有恰好两个异氰酸酯-反应性基团和每异氰酸酯-反应性基团至多300,优选地30到150,且更优选地30到75的重量的化合物。异氰酸酯-反应性基团可以例如是羟基、伯氨基或仲氨基。羟基一般是优选的。含羟基增链剂的实例为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,2,4-三甲基戊烷-1,3-二醇、2-乙基己烷二醇、N,N-双(2-羟丙基)苯胺、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、环甲烷二醇等。其中,直链、非环状、羟基增链剂一般为优选的,且α,ω-烷二醇和α,ω-聚二醇,如乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇等为尤其优选的。
有机聚异氰酸酯有利地含有每分子平均至少2.0个异氰酸酯基。优选的异氰酸酯官能度为每分子约2.0到约3.0个或约2.0到约2.5个异氰酸酯基。聚异氰酸酯有利地具有75到200的异氰酸酯当量重量。此优选地为80到170。
合适的聚异氰酸酯包括芳族、脂族和环脂族聚异氰酸酯。示例性聚异氰酸酯包括例如间苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-二异氰酸甲苯酯和/或2,6-二异氰酸甲苯酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的各种异构体、六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基-1,4-二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯、氢化MDI(H12MDI)、亚萘基-1,5-二异氰酸酯、甲氧基苯基-2,4-二异氰酸酯、4,4′-亚联苯基二异氰酸酯、3,3′-二甲氧基-4,4′-联苯二异氰酸酯、3,3′-二甲基二苯基甲烷-4,4′-二异氰酸酯、4,4′,4″-三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯、聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯、氢化聚亚甲基聚苯聚异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4,6-三异氰酸酯以及4,4′-二甲基二苯基甲烷-2,2′,5,5′-四异氰酸酯。前述聚异氰酸酯中的任一者可以经修饰以包括脲、异氰尿酸酯、尿丁啶二酮、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、碳化二亚胺、氨基甲酸酯或其它键。
在优选的聚异氰酸酯中包括MDI;“液体MDI”产物,其中MDI经修饰以含有脲、脲并亚胺、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、碳化二亚胺和/或氨基甲酸酯键以产生具有低于20℃的熔化温度和135到170的异氰酸酯当量重量的材料;和所谓的聚合MDI产物,其为聚亚甲基聚苯聚异氰酸酯于单体MDI中的混合物。
聚异氰酸酯以足以提供70到130的异氰酸酯指数的量使用。异氰酸酯指数计算为提供到反应混合物的反应性异氰酸酯基的数目除以提供到反应混合物的异氰酸酯-反应性基团的数目,且乘以100。优选的异氰酸酯指数为90到125且更优选的异氰酸酯指数为95到115。
另外,在一起选择聚异氰酸酯和增链剂(和如可能存在的任何交联剂)的量以使得聚氨基甲酸酯具有10到50重量%,优选地15到35重量%且更优选地18到30重量%的硬链段含量。硬链段含量通过提供到反应混合物的聚异氰酸酯、增链剂和交联剂(如果存在)的组合重量除以所有聚异氰酸酯和异氰酸酯反应性材料(除反应性催化剂(如果存在)以外)的总重量计算。
可固化反应混合物可以含有除已描述的成分以外的其它成分。其中包括例如催化剂、塑化剂、交联剂、UV稳定剂、杀生物剂、防腐剂、粘着促进剂、着色剂、填充剂、干燥剂和去水剂等。
催化剂的实例包括叔胺;羧酸锡;有机锡化合物;叔膦;各种金属螯合物;强酸的金属盐,如氯化铁、氯化锡、氯化亚锡、三氯化锑、硝酸铋和氯化铋等。叔胺和锡催化剂通常是优选的。
代表性叔胺催化剂包括三甲胺、三乙胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、N,N-二甲基苯甲胺、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,4-丁二胺、N,N-二甲基哌嗪、1,4-二氮杂双环-2,2,2-辛烷、双(二甲基氨乙基)醚、双(2-二甲基氨乙基)醚、吗啉、4,4′-(氧基二-2,1-乙烷二基)双、三亚乙基二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、二甲基环己基胺、N-十六基N,N-二甲基胺、N-椰油基-吗啉、N,N-二甲基氨甲基N-甲基乙醇胺、N,N,N′-三甲基-N′-羟乙基双(氨乙基)醚、N,N-双(3-二甲基氨丙基)N-异丙醇胺、(N,N-二甲基)氨基-乙氧基乙醇、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基己二胺、1,8-二氮杂双环-5,4,0-十一烯-7、N,N-二吗啉基二乙基醚、N-甲基咪唑、二甲基氨丙基二丙醇胺、双(二甲基氨丙基)氨基-2-丙醇、四甲基氨基双(丙胺)、(二甲基(氨基乙氧基乙基))((二甲基胺)乙基)醚、三(二甲基氨丙基)胺、二环己基甲基胺、双(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)胺、1,2-亚乙基哌啶和甲基-羟乙基哌嗪。
适用的含锡催化剂的实例包括辛酸亚锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二硫醇二丁基锡、二烷基锡二烷基巯基酸、氧化二丁基锡、二硫醇二甲基锡、二异辛基巯基乙酸二甲基锡等。
催化剂通常以少量使用,如每100重量份多元醇加上聚异氰酸酯0.0015到5,优选地0.01到1重量份。含锡催化剂通常以接近这些范围的下限的的量使用。
可以存在塑化剂。如果存在,塑化剂优选地与聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)聚合物混合以减小其粘度并且因此促进与聚异氰酸酯的混合,所述聚异氰酸酯通常具有低得多的粘度。合适的塑化剂的实例包括具有至多约300的分子量的单羧酸的液态(在25℃下)酯和二羧酸的二酯。在这些酯中包括例如邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯、对苯二甲酸二烷基酯、偏苯三酸三烷基酯、己二酸二烷基酯、顺丁烯二酸二烷基酯、癸二酸二烷基酯、烷二醇的烷酸二酯、聚二醇的烷酸二酯等。优选的塑化剂为二异丁酸三甲基戊酯。
如果使用塑化剂,那么塑化剂的量可以在提供到反应混合物中的塑化剂和所有反应材料(异氰酸酯和异氰酸酯反应材料)的组合重量的1%到50%范围内。本发明的优势为通常仅需要少量塑化剂。因此,优选的量为按与之前相同计的1到20重量%,在一些实施例中,5到15重量%,且在其它实施例中,10到13重量%。使用塑化剂倾向于减小抗张强度,同时增加伸长率和增加下陷。由于过度下陷可能是缺点,使用少量塑化剂(如果存在任何)的能力可以是本发明的显著优势。另外,密封剂中较少量的塑化剂降低由塑化剂浸出所致的雾化的风险和严重程度。
出于本发明的目的,交联剂为具有每分子至少三个异氰酸酯-反应性基团和小于200,优选地30到150当量重量/异氰酸酯-反应性基团的化合物。交联剂的实例包括甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、赤藻糖醇、山梨醇和具有至多300的当量重量的前述中的任一者烷氧基化物。如果完全使用交联剂,那么交联剂一般以少量存在,如可固化反应混合物的重量的至多5%。
填充剂可以存在以提供所需流变性特性和降低成本。填充剂的实例包括无机颗粒材料,如滑石、二氧化钛、碳酸钙、云母、硅灰石、飞灰等;金属粒子;碳黑;石墨;高熔点有机聚合物等。这些填充剂的粒度(如使用筛选方法测定)可以是至多50微米,优选地0.2到30微米。填充剂可以占可固化反应混合物所述至多90重量%,优选地25到80重量%。
通过形成可固化反应混合物,将其涂覆到所述玻璃与所述衬底之间的界面且与所述玻璃和所述衬底接触,且随后固化可固化反应混合物以在玻璃与衬底之间形成弹性密封部分而根据本发明形成密封部分。
反应混合物由混合前述所需和任选的(如果存在)组分形成。一般优选的是将起始成分配制成两种组分。第一组分包括异氰酸酯-反应性组分,包括组分1)、增链剂(组分2)和任何交联剂。第二组分包括聚异氰酸酯化合物。催化剂可以配制到这些组分中的任一者或两者中,但优选地配制到第一组分中。塑化剂(如果存在)优选地并入到第一组分中。
可以任何方便的方式进行混合和涂覆。在成分配制为两种组分的优选情况下,组分在环境温度或任何所需高温下简单地组合,沉积到玻璃与衬底之间的界面上,且使其反应。组分的混合可以任何方便的方式进行,其取决于特定应用和可用的设备。可以分批地进行组分的混合,手动或通过使用各种分批混合装置将其混合,接着通过刷涂、浇注、施用珠粒和/或以其它合适的方式涂覆。两种组分可以包装到分开的套筒中且通过静态混合装置同时分配以将其混合和涂覆(通常以珠粒形式)到界面上。
喷涂方法也是适用的。在喷涂方法中,将个别成分或配制组分在压力下引入到混合头中,其在所述混合头中在压力下组合且分配到玻璃与衬底之间的界面。
其它连续计量和分配系统也适用于混合和分配反应混合物且将其涂覆到玻璃与衬底之间的界面。
在许多情况下,固化在室温(约20℃)下自发地进行,且在此类情况下可以在不施加热量的情况下实现。固化反应一般为放热的,且可能出现对应的温度升高。
在更高温度下通常可见更快和/或更彻底的固化,且出于所述原因,在一些实施例中,可能需要向涂覆的反应混合物施加热量。因此,可以使用大范围的固化温度,如0℃到180℃的温度。更典型的范围为4到120℃,且优选的范围为10到80℃。这可以例如通过(a)在将起始物质中的一或多者与其它者混合以形成反应混合物之前对其进行加热和/或(b)在已由组合原料形成反应混合物之后对其进行加热来进行。
根据本发明制得的多窗格玻璃组合件适用作绝缘玻璃单元,如太阳能模组等。
提供以下实例以说明本发明,但不限制其范围。除非另外指示,否则所有份数和百分比都是按重量计。
实例1-4
如下制备实例1:通过混合50份2000分子量双官能聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)均聚物和50份3000分子量标称三官能聚(1,2-环氧丙烷)均聚物制备多元醇掺合物。向此掺合物中添加4.5份1,4-丁二醇和约0.04份锡催化剂。此掺合物与1.02的异氰酸酯指数下的143异氰酸酯当量重量“液体”MDI产物混合以形成反应混合物。所得固化弹性体含有25.2%硬链段。反应混合物在50℃下持续30分钟在20,000psi(约140MPa)的外加压力下持续30分钟经压缩模制。根据ASTM1708测量抗张强度和伸长率,且如在下表1中所报导。结果如表1中所指示。
以相同方式制得实例2-6,除了在各情况下,1,4-丁二醇经另一增链剂替换(如表1中所指示)。增链剂的量和弹性体的硬链段含量如表1中所指示。对于实例3-6,根据ASTMD2240测量肖氏A硬度。
表1
当用于密封多窗格玻璃组合件的边缘时,实例1到6中的每一者展示与玻璃和隔片的极好粘附,且形成高品质密封部分。
实例7-11
实例7通过混合70份2000分子量双官能聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)均聚物与30份蓖麻油制备。向此掺合物中添加1.5份1,4-丁二醇和0.04份锡催化剂。选择1,4-丁二醇的量以使得当在1.1异氰酸酯指数下固化时,所得固化弹性体含有25%硬链段。此混合物随后与1.1的异氰酸酯指数下的143异氰酸酯当量重量“液体”MDI产物组合以形成反应混合物,其如关于实例1-6所描述地固化。如同之前地测量抗张强度、伸长率和肖氏A硬度,结果如下表2中所指示。
将固化膜样品切割成狗骨以评估水浸对机械特性的效应。测定膜的初始重量(W0)。在每一情况下,膜随后在维持在25℃下的去离子水中浸没24小时或在沸水中浸没1小时。在指定时间之后,膜随后用薄纸干燥以去除表面水且称重以获得重量W1。使用以下方程式计算吸水率:
吸水率=(W1-W0)/W0)×100%
以相同方式制备和测试实例8-11,除了聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)均聚物与蓖麻油的比率有所变化且如表2中所指示。
表2
1配制物中聚(环氧丁烷)二醇与蓖麻油的重量比。
当用于密封多窗格玻璃组合件的边缘时,实例7到11中的每一者展示与玻璃和隔片的极好粘附,且形成高品质密封部分。
实例12
以前述实例中描述的一般方式制得并固化密封剂组合物。配制物为85份2000分子量双官能聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)均聚物、15份蓖麻油、1.5份1,4丁二醇、0.05份锡催化剂和26.3份143当量重量“液体”MDI。所得弹性体在50℃下固化三天。其抗张强度为约200MPa(290psi)且其伸长率为约440。吸水率为0.8重量%。
在MOCONPermatran-W3/33水蒸气渗透率仪器上分析湿蒸气透射率(MVTR)。应用于仪器的标准包括ASTMF-1249、TAPPIT557和JISK-7129。湿蒸气透射率为1.6克/(100平方英寸/天)(0.103克/平方米/天)。
在MOCONOxtran2/21仪器上分析透氧率(OTR)。应用于仪器的标准包括ASTMD-3985、ASTMF-1927、DIN53380、JISK-7126和ISOCD15105-2。透氧率为80毫升/(100平方英寸/天)(5.16毫升/平方米/天)。
湿蒸气透射和透氧值表明此弹性体用作IGU中的二次密封剂的适合性。
实例13-18
实例13通过混合85份2000分子量双官能聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)均聚物与15份蓖麻油制备。向此掺合物中添加1.5份1,4-丁二醇和0.04份锡催化剂。添加50重量份二异丁酸三甲酯戊酯(来自伊士曼化学品(EastmanChemicals)的TXIB塑化剂),还添加268.5重量份碳酸钙微粒、2重量份硅烷粘着促进剂、2重量份抗氧化剂和5重量份色浆。所得混合物随后与24.4份143异氰酸酯当量重量“液体”MDI产物组合以形成反应混合物,其如关于实例1-6所描述地固化。如同之前地测量抗张强度、伸长率和肖氏A硬度,结果如下表3中所指示。
以相同方式制备和测试实例14-18,除了塑化剂的量有所变化且如表3中所指示。
表3
当用于密封多窗格玻璃组合件的边缘时,实例13到18中的每一者展示与玻璃和隔片的极好粘附,且形成高品质密封部分。
所有这些配制物具有对于易于处理来说足够低的粘度,尽管其中的许多(尤其实例18)仅含有少量塑化剂且具有高填充剂含量。
Claims (15)
1.一种形成玻璃与衬底之间的密封部分的方法,其包含:
a)通过组合包括以下的成分形成可固化反应混合物:1)具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇,或50到99重量%具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇与1到50重量%选自以下的至少一种其它多元醇的混合物:(i)具有至少300的当量重量的环氧丙烷的聚合物和共聚物和(ii)含羟基脂肪或油,其中组分1)具有每分子至少2.2个羟基的平均标称官能度;2)至少一种增链剂和3)至少一种有机聚异氰酸酯,其中异氰酸酯指数为70到130;
b)将所述可固化反应混合物涂覆到所述玻璃与所述衬底之间的界面且与所述玻璃和所述衬底两者接触;
c)固化所述可固化反应混合物以形成所述玻璃与所述衬底之间的弹性密封部分。
2.一种生产用于多窗格玻璃组合件的边缘密封的方法,其中所述多窗格玻璃组合件包含至少一对实质上平行的玻璃板,所述对的玻璃板通过一个或多个安置在所述玻璃板的至少一个边缘处或附近的所述对的玻璃板之间的隔片彼此分离;所述方法包含:
a)将可固化反应混合物涂覆到所述对的玻璃板的所述至少一个边缘且与所述对的玻璃板以及分离所述对的玻璃板的所述隔片中的每一者接触,和
b)固化所述可固化反应混合物以形成在所述对的玻璃板之间且粘附到分离所述对的玻璃板的所述隔片的弹性体边缘密封;
其中所述可固化反应混合物含有1)具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇,或50到99重量%具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇与1到50重量%选自以下的至少一种其它多元醇的混合物:(i)具有至少300的羟基当量重量的环氧丙烷的聚合物和共聚物和(ii)含羟基脂肪或油,其中组分1)具有每分子至少2.2个羟基的平均标称官能度;2)至少一种增链剂和3)至少一种有机聚异氰酸酯,且其中异氰酸酯指数为70到130。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)具有至少2.2的平均标称羟基官能度且为所述反应混合物中唯一具有200或更多的羟基当量重量的多元醇。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中组分1)为所述聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)和含羟基脂肪或油的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中组分1)为70到95重量%所述聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)聚合物和5到30重量%蓖麻油的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1到5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述增链剂为α,ω-烷二醇或聚二醇。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述反应混合物不含塑化剂。
8.根据权利要求1到6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述反应混合物含有按提供到所述反应混合物中的塑化剂和所有反应材料的组合重量计10到13重量%的所述塑化剂。
9.一种多窗格玻璃组合件,其包含至少一对实质上平行的玻璃板,所述对的玻璃板通过一个或多个安置在所述玻璃板的至少一个边缘处或附近的所述对的玻璃板之间的隔片彼此分离,和粘合到所述玻璃板的所述边缘和所述隔片的弹性体边缘密封,
其中所述弹性边缘密封为由固化可固化反应混合物形成的聚合物,所述可固化反应混合物由组合包括以下的成分形成:1)具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇,或50到99重量%具有至少500的羟基当量重量的聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇与1到50重量%选自以下的至少一种其它多元醇的混合物:(i)具有至少300的羟基当量重量的环氧丙烷的聚合物和共聚物和(ii)含羟基脂肪或油,其中组分1)具有每分子至少2.2个羟基的平均标称官能度;2)至少一种增链剂和3)至少一种有机聚异氰酸酯,且其中异氰酸酯指数为70到130。
10.根据权利要求9所述的多窗格玻璃组合件,其中所述聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)多元醇优选地具有2到2.5的标称官能度和每羟基800到1500的当量重量。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的多窗格玻璃组合件,其中所述聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)具有至少2.2的平均标称羟基官能度且为所述反应混合物中唯一具有200或更多的羟基当量重量的多元醇。
12.根据权利要求10所述的多窗格玻璃组合件,其中组分1)为70到95重量%所述聚(1,2-环氧丁烷)聚合物和5到30重量%蓖麻油的混合物。
13.根据权利要求9到12中任一项所述的多窗格玻璃组合件,其中所述增链剂为α,ω-烷二醇或聚二醇。
14.根据权利要求9到13中任一项所述的多窗格玻璃组合件,其中所述反应混合物不含塑化剂。
15.根据权利要求9到14中任一项所述的多窗格玻璃组合件,其为绝缘玻璃单元,且所述密封剂为二次密封剂。
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