CN105165321A - Polygonatum kingianum cultivation method - Google Patents
Polygonatum kingianum cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165321A CN105165321A CN201510486100.4A CN201510486100A CN105165321A CN 105165321 A CN105165321 A CN 105165321A CN 201510486100 A CN201510486100 A CN 201510486100A CN 105165321 A CN105165321 A CN 105165321A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Polygonatum kingianum cultivation method comprising the following steps: 1, breeding and seedling growing: three-phase water treatment is carried out for dry seeds, the processed seeds are frozen and stored in sand, seedling the seeds after sand storage in a plastic booth, and plants are fixed after seedling emergence; 2, transplanting and colonization: selecting a shady-slope woodland with rich humus, deep ploughing, fine raking, furrowing and digging holes, transplanting one strong seedling in each hole in spring and autumn, covering soil, pressing, and fully watering the root; 3, field management: a, weeding, b, applying additional fertilizer; 4, insect disease control. Compared with the prior art, the Polygonatum kingianum seed germination rate can be improved to be at about 95%, and after-ripening time can be greatly reduced; the method is a convenient and efficient mode for Polygonatum kingianum sexual reproduction and large scale plantation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method of P. kingianum.
Background technology
P. kingianum, has another name called successively high, celestial being's meal, Latin literary fame PolygonatumkingianumColl.etHemsl. Liliaceae, Polygonatum, and herbal dry rhizome, is mainly distributed in the ground such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan.Main Ingredients and Appearance is asparatate, homoserine, DAB, digitalis glucoside etc., and taste is sweet, flat.There is tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, profit cardiopulmonary, effect of strengthening the bones and muscles.Morphological feature: perennial herb, Gao Keda 1 meter.Rhizome grows wild, and has joint.Stem is upright, single.4 ~ 6, leaf is verticillate, linear, long 8 ~ 13 centimetres, wide 1.5 ~ 2 centimetres, tip gradually point and curling, and base portion is gradually narrow; Stockless.Spend 1 ~ 3 armpit raw; Perianth tubular, light green, 6 split.Berry is spherical, orange red time ripe.4 ~ May of florescence.The closely cylindrical or nearly beaded of root-like stock, tubercle makes irregular water chestnut shape sometimes, plump, diameter 1-3 centimetre.Stem height 1-3 rice, shape is climbed up by holding on on top.Impeller is raw, often takes turns 3-10 piece, bar shaped, strip lanceolar or lanceolar, long 6-20 (-25) centimetre, wide 3-30 millimeter, and tip fist is rolled up.Inflorescence tool (1-) 2-4 (-6) flower, total bennet is sagging, long 1-2 centimetre, the long 0.5-1.5 centimetre of bennet, and bract film quality is small, is usually located at bennet bottom; Perianth pink, long 18-25 millimeter, the long 3-5 millimeter of sliver; The long 3-5 millimeter of filigree, thread or two flat-sided, the long 4-6 millimeter of flower pesticide; The long 4-6 millimeter of ovary, long (8-) 10-14 millimeter of style.Berry is red, diameter 1-1.5 centimetre, a tool 7-12 seed.The florescence 3-5 month, the fruit phase 9-10 month.Habit of growth: in being born in dark and damp hillside sylvan life or shrub more.Mainly be distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, also there are distribution in Vietnam, Burma.This kind of variation is quite large, and in China's sample, filigree can form thread to long by short and flat, but all without associated in the differentiation of this variation and other proterties and geographical distribution, is thus not enough to the feature of planting as differentiation.According to " Indo-China flora ", the style of Vietnam's sample can be as short as 6 millimeters.In Yunnan Province of China Dali, Lufeng one is with, and have a type, its plant is shorter and smaller, height only reaches 60 centimetres, and inflorescence tool 1-2 flower, is only born between the axil of bottom, perianth white, was once named as small Solomon seal P.uncinatumDiels (inNotesBot.Gard.Edinb.5:297.1912).At Sichuan and West of Hubei Province, separately have a type, its plant is also tall and big, but its flower is faint yellow or green white, and bract is all positioned at bennet base portion, in Mount Emei one with cultivation, is called cat ginger or pig kidney grass.Whether they are all worth the independence as a taxon, need observe more sample from now on and determine.Medical value: proterties, dry rhizome, in irregular coniform, likeness in form chicken head (practise and claim " polygonatum sibiricum Redoute "), or block like ginger shape (practise and claim " RHIZOMA POLYGONATI ZINGIBERIFORME ") in tubercle.Branch is few and short and thick, long 3 ~ 10 centimetres, diameter 1 ~ 3 centimetre.Surface yellow-white is to yellowish-brown, translucent, and entirety has fine wrinkle and slightly protuberance is in wavy link, and terrestrial stem trace is in the form of annular discs, often caves in center, and root trace is many in spot-like projections, and enlargement is born in by all or many collection of distribution.Drying person's matter is hard, frangibility, and non-bone dry person matter is pliable and tough; Section light brown, be translucent cutin sample or wax shape, and have most yellow-white point.Odorless, the micro-sweet and toughness of taste.Large with block, look yellow, section is transparent, matter is moist, practise claim " rock sugar slag " person be good.Chemical composition: the mucous matter of rhizome of sealwort, starch and sugar.The rhizome of P. cyrtonema is containing azetidinecarboxylic acid, asparatate, homoserine, DAB, digitalis glucoside and multiple intelligent quinones.Leaf contains vitexin xyloside and 5, the glucoside of 4 '-dihydroxyflavone.For a long time, P. kingianum due to artificial cultivation amount less, crude drug source is mainly based on wild collection.Along with the increase of market to medicinal material P. kingianum demand and the sharply minimizing of wild resource, gather wild P. kingianum and not only can not meet the need of market, more destroy ecotope and P. kingianum wild resource.Due to P. kingianum seed, germination rate is lower under field conditions (factors), and under natural conditions, P. kingianum seed just can grow a slice true leaf after will experiencing 2 winter dormancies, and in P. kingianum artificial cultivation, the stem tuber that adopts carries out vegetative propagation more at present.Long-term vegetative propagation causes P. kingianum quality deterioration, and damage by disease and insect problem is day by day serious.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of cultivation method of P. kingianum.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A cultivation method for P. kingianum, comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding, nursery:
By dry seed through three section type water treatment, then freezing for the seed processed sand is hidden storage; Seed nursery in plastic tunnel of Sha Zanghou, after emerging, determines strain and continues to employ;
(2) transplant planting:
Select the Schattenseite forest land of being rich in humus, the thin rake of deep ploughing does furrow and digs cave, and spring and autumn is transplanted, and strain in strong sprout one is transplanted in every cave, and earthing compresses, and waters sufficient normal root water;
(3) field management:
A, weeding;
B, to topdress;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest.
As preferred technical scheme, in described step (1), the water treatment of P. kingianum seed three section type is specially: first dry seed is put into 45 ~ 50 DEG C of warm water and soak 10 ~ 15 minutes, put into 50 ~ 55 DEG C of warm water again and soak 10 ~ 15 minutes again, finally put into cold water and naturally cool.
As preferred technical scheme, the freezing Sand culture of P. kingianum seed is specially in described step (1): mixed and put into household freezer and preserve in 1:2 ~ 3 in mass ratio by P. kingianum seed and the wet sand through three section type water treatment, time controling at 30 ~ 50 days, temperature 0 ~ 5 DEG C.
As preferred technical scheme, select height above sea level 1800-2500 rice in described step (2), the area that temperature is 3 ~ 23 DEG C is cultivated.
As preferred technical scheme, do 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters wide, 0.2 ~ 0.3 high furrow in described step (2), use 2000 ~ 3000 kilograms of composite fertilizers for every mu.
As preferred technical scheme, described composite fertilizer is mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 30:1 ~ 2 by barnyard manure, superphosphate.
As preferred technical scheme, in described step (2), transplant 4000 ~ 5000 strains for every mu.
As preferred technical scheme, in described step (3), weeding is selected in growth in earlier stage, at least 3 times every year, every other month once.
As preferred technical scheme, topdress in described step (3) annual at least 2 times, spring and autumn respectively once, uses 1200 ~ 1500 kilograms for every mu.
As preferred technical scheme, described in topdress and select farmyard manure, urea, superphosphate fertile according to the mixing of mass ratio 100:1 ~ 2:3 ~ 5 ratio.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The technology of the present invention is according to P. kingianum kind embryo after-ripening characteristic, adopt the mode that three section type water treatment combines with freezing Sand culture, achieve unexpected technique effect, greatly improve the germination rate of P. kingianum seed, and shorten the seed afterripening time, for further artificial cultivation, expanding production provides favourable conditions; Compared with prior art, P. kingianum seed germination rate is increased to about 95%, and ripening time shortens greatly in the present invention, for P. kingianum sexual propagation and large-scale planting provide a kind of convenient, efficient mode.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of the invention, be clearly and completely described technical scheme of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A cultivation method for P. kingianum, comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding, nursery:
First dry seed is put into 45 DEG C of warm water to soak 10 minutes, then put into 50 DEG C of warm water and soak 10 minutes again, finally put into cold water and naturally cool; Naturally after cooling by the P. kingianum seed processed and wet sand in mass ratio 1:2 mix and put into household freezer and preserve, time controling at 30 days, temperature 0 DEG C; Seed nursery in plastic tunnel of Sha Zanghou, after emerging, determines strain and continues to employ;
(2) transplant planting:
Select height above sea level 1800 ~ 2500 meters, temperature 3 ~ 23 DEG C, is rich in the Schattenseite forest land of humus, and the thin rake of deep ploughing does furrow and digs cave, wide 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, high 0.2 ~ 0.3 meter of furrow, 2000 ~ 3000 kilograms of composite fertilizers mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 30:1 by barnyard manure, superphosphate are used on every mu of ground; Spring and autumn is transplanted, and transplant 4000 ~ 5000 strains for every mu, strain in strong sprout one is transplanted in every cave, and earthing compresses, and waters sufficient normal root water;
(3) field management:
A, weeding: weeding is selected in growth in earlier stage, at least 3 times every year, every other month once;
B, to topdress: topdress annual at least 2 times, spring and autumn, respectively once every mu to use 1200 ~ 1500 kilograms of mixing mixed according to mass ratio 100:1:3 ratio by farmyard manure, urea, superphosphate fertile;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment 2
A cultivation method for P. kingianum, comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding, nursery:
First dry seed is put into 46 DEG C of warm water to soak 11 minutes, then put into 51 DEG C of warm water and soak 11 minutes again, finally put into cold water and naturally cool; Naturally after cooling by the P. kingianum seed processed and wet sand in mass ratio 1:3 mix and put into household freezer and preserve, time controling at 35 days, temperature 1 DEG C; Seed nursery in plastic tunnel of Sha Zanghou, after emerging, determines strain and continues to employ;
(2) transplant planting:
Select height above sea level 1800 ~ 2500 meters, temperature 3 ~ 23 DEG C, be rich in the Schattenseite forest land of humus, the thin rake of deep ploughing does furrow and digs cave, wide 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, high 0.2 ~ 0.3 meter of furrow, 2000 ~ 3000 kilograms of composite fertilizers mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 30:1.5 by barnyard manure, superphosphate are used on every mu of ground; Spring and autumn is transplanted, and transplant 4000 ~ 5000 strains for every mu, strain in strong sprout one is transplanted in every cave, and earthing compresses, and waters sufficient normal root water;
(3) field management:
A, weeding: weeding is selected in growth in earlier stage, at least 3 times every year, every other month once;
B, to topdress: topdress annual at least 2 times, spring and autumn, respectively once every mu to use 1200 ~ 1500 kilograms of mixing mixed according to mass ratio 100:1 ~ 2:3 ~ 5 ratio by farmyard manure, urea, superphosphate fertile;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment 3
A cultivation method for P. kingianum, comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding, nursery:
First dry seed is put into 47 DEG C of warm water to soak 12 minutes, then put into 52 DEG C of warm water and soak 12 minutes again, finally put into cold water and naturally cool; Naturally after cooling by the P. kingianum seed processed and wet sand in mass ratio 1:3 mix and put into household freezer and preserve, time controling at 40 days, temperature 2 DEG C; Seed nursery in plastic tunnel of Sha Zanghou, after emerging, determines strain and continues to employ;
(2) transplant planting:
Select height above sea level 1800 ~ 2500 meters, temperature 3 ~ 23 DEG C, is rich in the Schattenseite forest land of humus, and the thin rake of deep ploughing does furrow and digs cave, wide 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, high 0.2 ~ 0.3 meter of furrow, 2000 ~ 3000 kilograms of composite fertilizers mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 30:2 by barnyard manure, superphosphate are used on every mu of ground; Spring and autumn is transplanted, and transplant 4000 ~ 5000 strains for every mu, strain in strong sprout one is transplanted in every cave, and earthing compresses, and waters sufficient normal root water;
(3) field management:
A, weeding: weeding is selected in growth in earlier stage, at least 3 times every year, every other month once;
B, to topdress: topdress annual at least 2 times, spring and autumn, respectively once every mu to use 1200 ~ 1500 kilograms of mixing mixed according to mass ratio 100:1 ~ 2:3 ~ 5 ratio by farmyard manure, urea, superphosphate fertile;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment 4
A cultivation method for P. kingianum, comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding, nursery:
First dry seed is put into 48 DEG C of warm water to soak 13 minutes, then put into 53 DEG C of warm water and soak 13 minutes again, finally put into cold water and naturally cool; Naturally after cooling by the P. kingianum seed processed and wet sand in mass ratio 1:2 mix and put into household freezer and preserve, time controling at 45 days, temperature 3 DEG C; Seed nursery in plastic tunnel of Sha Zanghou, after emerging, determines strain and continues to employ;
(2) transplant planting:
Select height above sea level 1800 ~ 2500 meters, temperature 3 ~ 23 DEG C, be rich in the Schattenseite forest land of humus, the thin rake of deep ploughing does furrow and digs cave, wide 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, high 0.2 ~ 0.3 meter of furrow, 2000 ~ 3000 kilograms of composite fertilizers mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 30:1.5 by barnyard manure, superphosphate are used on every mu of ground; Spring and autumn is transplanted, and transplant 4000 ~ 5000 strains for every mu, strain in strong sprout one is transplanted in every cave, and earthing compresses, and waters sufficient normal root water;
(3) field management:
A, weeding: weeding is selected in growth in earlier stage, at least 3 times every year, every other month once;
B, to topdress: topdress annual at least 2 times, spring and autumn, respectively once every mu to use 1200 ~ 1500 kilograms of mixing mixed according to mass ratio 100:1 ~ 2:3 ~ 5 ratio by farmyard manure, urea, superphosphate fertile;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment 5
A cultivation method for P. kingianum, comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding, nursery:
First dry seed is put into 49 DEG C of warm water to soak 14 minutes, then put into 54 DEG C of warm water and soak 14 minutes again, finally put into cold water and naturally cool; Naturally after cooling by the P. kingianum seed processed and wet sand in mass ratio 1:3 mix and put into household freezer and preserve, time controling at 50 days, temperature 4 DEG C; Seed nursery in plastic tunnel of Sha Zanghou, after emerging, determines strain and continues to employ;
(2) transplant planting:
Select height above sea level 1800 ~ 2500 meters, temperature 3 ~ 23 DEG C, is rich in the Schattenseite forest land of humus, and the thin rake of deep ploughing does furrow and digs cave, wide 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, high 0.2 ~ 0.3 meter of furrow, 2000 ~ 3000 kilograms of composite fertilizers mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 30:2 by barnyard manure, superphosphate are used on every mu of ground; Spring and autumn is transplanted, and transplant 4000 ~ 5000 strains for every mu, strain in strong sprout one is transplanted in every cave, and earthing compresses, and waters sufficient normal root water;
(3) field management:
A, weeding: weeding is selected in growth in earlier stage, at least 3 times every year, every other month once;
B, to topdress: topdress annual at least 2 times, spring and autumn, respectively once every mu to use 1200 ~ 1500 kilograms of mixing mixed according to mass ratio 100:1 ~ 2:3 ~ 5 ratio by farmyard manure, urea, superphosphate fertile;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment 6
A cultivation method for P. kingianum, comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding, nursery:
First dry seed is put into 50 DEG C of warm water to soak 15 minutes, then put into 55 DEG C of warm water and soak 15 minutes again, finally put into cold water and naturally cool; Naturally after cooling by the P. kingianum seed processed and wet sand in mass ratio 1:2 mix and put into household freezer and preserve, time controling at 30 days, temperature 5 DEG C; Seed nursery in plastic tunnel of Sha Zanghou, after emerging, determines strain and continues to employ;
(2) transplant planting:
Select height above sea level 1800 ~ 2500 meters, temperature 3 ~ 23 DEG C, is rich in the Schattenseite forest land of humus, and the thin rake of deep ploughing does furrow and digs cave, wide 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, high 0.2 ~ 0.3 meter of furrow, 2000 ~ 3000 kilograms of composite fertilizers mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 30:2 by barnyard manure, superphosphate are used on every mu of ground; Spring and autumn is transplanted, and transplant 4000 ~ 5000 strains for every mu, strain in strong sprout one is transplanted in every cave, and earthing compresses, and waters sufficient normal root water;
(3) field management:
A, weeding: weeding is selected in growth in earlier stage, at least 3 times every year, every other month once;
B, to topdress: topdress annual at least 2 times, spring and autumn, respectively once every mu to use 1200 ~ 1500 kilograms of mixing mixed according to mass ratio 100:1 ~ 2:3 ~ 5 ratio by farmyard manure, urea, superphosphate fertile;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest.
After application the inventive method, P. kingianum seed germination rate is increased to more than 95%, and ripening time shortens greatly.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a cultivation method for P. kingianum, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding, nursery:
By dry seed through three section type water treatment, then freezing for the seed processed sand is hidden storage; Seed nursery in plastic tunnel of Sha Zanghou, after emerging, determines strain and continues to employ;
(2) transplant planting:
Select the Schattenseite forest land of being rich in humus, the thin rake of deep ploughing does furrow and digs cave, and spring and autumn is transplanted, and strain in strong sprout one is transplanted in every cave, and earthing compresses, and waters sufficient normal root water;
(3) field management:
A, weeding;
B, to topdress;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest.
2. the cultivation method of a kind of P. kingianum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), the water treatment of P. kingianum seed three section type is specially: first dry seed is put into 45 ~ 50 DEG C of warm water and soak 10 ~ 15 minutes, put into 50 ~ 55 DEG C of warm water again and soak 10 ~ 15 minutes again, finally put into cold water and naturally cool.
3. the cultivation method of a kind of P. kingianum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the freezing Sand culture of P. kingianum seed is specially in described step (1): P. kingianum seed and the wet sand through three section type water treatment is mixed and puts into household freezer and preserve in 1:2 ~ 3 in mass ratio, time controling at 30 ~ 50 days, temperature 0 ~ 5 DEG C.
4. the cultivation method of a kind of P. kingianum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: select height above sea level 1800-2500 rice in described step (2), the area that temperature is 3 ~ 23 DEG C is cultivated.
5. the cultivation method of a kind of P. kingianum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: do 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters wide, 0.2 ~ 0.3 high furrow in described step (2), use 2000 ~ 3000 kilograms of composite fertilizers for every mu.
6. the cultivation method of a kind of P. kingianum according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described composite fertilizer is mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 30:1 ~ 2 by barnyard manure, superphosphate.
7. the cultivation method of a kind of P. kingianum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: transplant 4000 ~ 5000 strains for every mu in described step (2).
8. the cultivation method of a kind of P. kingianum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (3), weeding is selected in growth in earlier stage, at least 3 times every year, every other month once.
9. the cultivation method of a kind of P. kingianum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: topdress in described step (3) annual at least 2 times, spring and autumn respectively once, uses 1200 ~ 1500 kilograms for every mu.
10. the cultivation method of a kind of P. kingianum according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described in topdress and select farmyard manure, urea, superphosphate fertile according to the mixing of mass ratio 100:1 ~ 2:3 ~ 5 ratio.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109089805A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-28 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of effective cultural method for accelerating polygonatum kingianurn emergence |
| CN110024647A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-19 | 乳源瑶族自治县精润生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield rhizoma polygonati |
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| CN104737665A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-07-01 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for germinating polygonatum kingianum seeds |
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| CN109089805A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-28 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of effective cultural method for accelerating polygonatum kingianurn emergence |
| CN110024647A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-19 | 乳源瑶族自治县精润生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield rhizoma polygonati |
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