CN105163853B - 环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的制造方法 - Google Patents
环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105163853B CN105163853B CN201480023001.6A CN201480023001A CN105163853B CN 105163853 B CN105163853 B CN 105163853B CN 201480023001 A CN201480023001 A CN 201480023001A CN 105163853 B CN105163853 B CN 105163853B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- phosphine
- catalyst
- manufacturing
- silica gel
- silane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- -1 silane compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 25
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 17
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000004171 alkoxy aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 12
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxysilane Chemical compound CCCO[SiH](OCCC)OCCC OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001340 2-chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- KYLUAQBYONVMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P KYLUAQBYONVMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KLIDCXVFHGNTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxyphenol Chemical group COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1O KLIDCXVFHGNTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000005999 2-bromoethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;prop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=C.OC(O)=O SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001545 dialkoxyaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QPRMHDCJARDZFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-dimethylphenyl)phosphane Chemical class CC1=CC=CC(P)=C1C QPRMHDCJARDZFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- CHXARDKIHSVFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylphosphane Chemical class CCCCCCP CHXARDKIHSVFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical group CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- NHOWDZOIZKMVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol Chemical compound C=1N=CN=CC=1C(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)Cl)(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NHOWDZOIZKMVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GLISZRPOUBOZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromopropyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCBr GLISZRPOUBOZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- SCCLFGAYCGKMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptylphosphane Chemical class CCCCCCCP SCCLFGAYCGKMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- WEYHWRWGAACKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylphosphane Chemical class CCCCCP WEYHWRWGAACKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- MARCAKLHFUYDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-xylene;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=CC=C1C MARCAKLHFUYDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical group CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ORICWOYODJGJMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORICWOYODJGJMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZZJVOCVAZHETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylphosphane Chemical compound CCPCC VZZJVOCVAZHETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005805 dimethoxy phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH3] CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- FABOKLHQXVRECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl(tripropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FABOKLHQXVRECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- NNOBHPBYUHDMQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylphosphine Chemical compound CCCP NNOBHPBYUHDMQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZWTQVNAENSYGQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-dimethylphenyl)-ethylphosphane Chemical class CC=1C(=C(C=CC1)PCC)C ZWTQVNAENSYGQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOFOQHJWFXUUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1P UOFOQHJWFXUUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAWGAPOVYPLOKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)-di(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1P(C(C)C)C(C)C HAWGAPOVYPLOKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHMIFJWLGQQJBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)-dimethylphosphane Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1P(C)C DHMIFJWLGQQJBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXQYVOKETNECTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)-dipentylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCP(CCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1OC QXQYVOKETNECTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBXNVYBGIFEOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)-diphenylphosphane Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GBXNVYBGIFEOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWSLTOLTUDCHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)-methylphosphane Chemical class COC1=CC=CC=C1PC JWSLTOLTUDCHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUUQYVCQNGGMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)-phenylphosphane Chemical class COC1=CC=CC=C1PC1=CC=CC=C1 SUUQYVCQNGGMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCDZSCNQIDSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)-propan-2-ylphosphane Chemical class COC1=C(C=CC=C1)PC(C)C GCDZSCNQIDSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYZDUCIRPRXHJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)-propylphosphane Chemical class CCCPC1=CC=CC=C1OC XYZDUCIRPRXHJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQULEGWPGRSXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)-propan-2-ylphosphane Chemical class CC(C)PC1=CC=CC=C1C LQULEGWPGRSXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHMATEBAHVQEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-bromophenyl)-triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 WHMATEBAHVQEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKRKRHCXBBLINE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorophenyl)methyl-triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RKRKRHCXBBLINE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCERCQQPFQFWSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorophenyl)methyl-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RCERCQQPFQFWSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMMRLBASBQEXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxyphenyl)-di(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(P(C(C)C)C(C)C)C=C1 VMMRLBASBQEXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLDDYINCEIYAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxyphenyl)-dimethylphosphane Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(P(C)C)C=C1 VLDDYINCEIYAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUDYNUKFKVSVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxyphenyl)-dipentylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCP(CCCCC)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 NUDYNUKFKVSVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAZSZCWRMSVQPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxyphenyl)-diphenylphosphane Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GAZSZCWRMSVQPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXLQXFQDOGUAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical class COC1=CC=C(P)C=C1 VXLQXFQDOGUAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSSNQXJVTQOUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibenzyl-3,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=C(C)C(C)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 WSSNQXJVTQOUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKQYSCBUFZOAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibenzyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC=1C(C)=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 PKQYSCBUFZOAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrostilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJHWOWZHFUORQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-4h-pyridazin-3-one Chemical compound CN1C=CCC(=O)N1C UJHWOWZHFUORQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRKYCAYQMGSQEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylpropan-2-ylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC(P)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VRKYCAYQMGSQEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Dimethyloxirane Chemical class CC1(C)CO1 GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJJKYKYXZZCJEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diphenylethylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CP)C1=CC=CC=C1 YJJKYKYXZZCJEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZRARFZZMGLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1CO1 AQZRARFZZMGLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDLCZOVUSADOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromoethanol Chemical compound OCCBr LDLCZOVUSADOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGFFCYYGWIXRCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethylphosphane Chemical compound PCCC1=CC=CC=C1 QGFFCYYGWIXRCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFYCFGUXBQUXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dicyclohexylpropylphosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(CCP)C1CCCCC1 FFYCFGUXBQUXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMFBXUMHVSZUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromopropyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical class CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCBr JMFBXUMHVSZUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJMVMAHLSGKJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropoxy-diethoxy-phenylsilane Chemical compound ClCCCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJMVMAHLSGKJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSCAZPYHLGGNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical class CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCl KSCAZPYHLGGNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAPAOLCNZLEEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-3-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical class CC(=C)C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JAPAOLCNZLEEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXDRPNGTQDRKQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyridazine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CN=N1 MXDRPNGTQDRKQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 description 1
- ZCFMUEAHSZXSNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobutoxy-phenyl-dipropoxysilane Chemical compound ClCCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZCFMUEAHSZXSNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJPGPCCOXUQRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobutyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical class CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCl VJPGPCCOXUQRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXHHRLCXALPNON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-phenylheptylphosphane Chemical compound PCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 DXHHRLCXALPNON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHHJMOXSYBUUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrCC1=C(C=CC=C1)[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC Chemical compound BrCC1=C(C=CC=C1)[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC LHHJMOXSYBUUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYBSJAVAGXIMEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrCC1=C(C=CC=C1)[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC Chemical compound BrCC1=C(C=CC=C1)[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC WYBSJAVAGXIMEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFOXXGXBMQCFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrCCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound BrCCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GFOXXGXBMQCFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDYKBXSTLUUNFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrCCCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound BrCCCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 PDYKBXSTLUUNFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUJFGKBXFPABAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound BrCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KUJFGKBXFPABAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBBOPOOEYJLJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C)C)P(C(C)C)CC(C)C Chemical compound C(C(C)C)P(C(C)C)CC(C)C RBBOPOOEYJLJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDZDTBTYGQOHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)P(CCCCC)CCCCC Chemical compound C(C)(C)P(CCCCC)CCCCC NDZDTBTYGQOHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWBCPCNSHFMJTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)P(CCCCCC)C(C)C Chemical compound C(C)(C)P(CCCCCC)C(C)C CWBCPCNSHFMJTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDPKXCNSUXNGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)P(CCCCCCC)C(C)C Chemical compound C(C)(C)P(CCCCCCC)C(C)C KDPKXCNSUXNGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUSDZNLUARJNCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C1(CCC(CC1)PCCCC)CC Chemical compound C(C)C1(CCC(CC1)PCCCC)CC IUSDZNLUARJNCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAXWPVGGHRFFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(C(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(C(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XAXWPVGGHRFFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCIONOHMCDMQMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(CCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(CCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 PCIONOHMCDMQMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJAINXNYJBKILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(CCCCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(CCCCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UJAINXNYJBKILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBLZHTSHVWEFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(CCCCCC)CCCCCC Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(CCCCCC)CCCCCC MBLZHTSHVWEFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSPJFRWEPYGCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(CCCCCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)P(CCCCCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GSPJFRWEPYGCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDUWRYXWCJGFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[Si](OC)(OC)OC.[I] Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[Si](OC)(OC)OC.[I] DRDUWRYXWCJGFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZTKVWTUIPFCND-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC.[I] Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC.[I] HZTKVWTUIPFCND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEFNLIUXMYOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)C1(CCC(CC1)PCCCC)CCC Chemical compound C(CC)C1(CCC(CC1)PCCCC)CCC GEFNLIUXMYOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUVHDDAKMHTMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)P(CCCCCCC)CCC Chemical compound C(CC)P(CCCCCCC)CCC UUVHDDAKMHTMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCWIXFCXGPALMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCC)C1(CCC(CC1)PCCCC)CCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCC)C1(CCC(CC1)PCCCC)CCCCC HCWIXFCXGPALMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRKHCEUVDYYWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCC)P(CCCCCCC)CCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCC)P(CCCCCCC)CCCCCC JRKHCEUVDYYWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZCMUYKULQPYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCC)P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 Chemical compound C(CCCCCC)P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 OZCMUYKULQPYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZJVEGOSNHGTNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCC)P(CCCCC)CCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCC)P(CCCCC)CCCCCCC GZJVEGOSNHGTNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDULMYANSCPURG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCC)P(CCCCCC)CCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCC)P(CCCCCC)CCCCCCC QDULMYANSCPURG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPPUOCKGPVLHHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=C(C(=CC=C1)C)C)PCCCCCCC Chemical class C1(=C(C(=CC=C1)C)C)PCCCCCCC FPPUOCKGPVLHHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QITYQHMEGFMYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=C(C=CC=C1)PCCCCCCC)C Chemical class C1(=C(C=CC=C1)PCCCCCCC)C QITYQHMEGFMYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUKQSMGKOWNSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(CCCCC1)P(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC Chemical compound C1(CCCCC1)P(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC ZUKQSMGKOWNSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYCIEVLWQDSEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CCC.C(OCC(C)C)(O)=O Chemical class C=CCC.C(OCC(C)C)(O)=O HYCIEVLWQDSEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQYYKBDXGDKZLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC=1C(=C(C=CC1)PC)C Chemical class CC=1C(=C(C=CC1)PC)C XQYYKBDXGDKZLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDDWKUZGAWBAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCPC1CCC(CC1)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC3=CC=CC=C3 Chemical compound CCCCPC1CCC(CC1)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC3=CC=CC=C3 MDDWKUZGAWBAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBFXVODJGKTGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)P(CC)CC Chemical compound COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)P(CC)CC DBFXVODJGKTGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYBAQXYOFTWUNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)P(CCC)CCC Chemical compound COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)P(CCC)CCC KYBAQXYOFTWUNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBSOARWGMXIGNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)P(CCCCC)CCCCC Chemical compound COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)P(CCCCC)CCCCC IBSOARWGMXIGNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZVQZXLEXVELEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CC(C)C)CC(C)C Chemical compound COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CC(C)C)CC(C)C KZVQZXLEXVELEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFOHJMKOEVDMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CC1=CC=CC=C1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CC1=CC=CC=C1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 PFOHJMKOEVDMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXEMVUVFZAUOLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CCC)CCC Chemical compound COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CCC)CCC WXEMVUVFZAUOLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYPIKLZJFYRROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CCCC)CCCC Chemical compound COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CCCC)CCCC CYPIKLZJFYRROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMGRSOIPFXYIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CCCCCC)CCCCCC Chemical compound COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CCCCCC)CCCCCC OTMGRSOIPFXYIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKGUWJJOYQYEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound COC1=C(C=CC=C1)P(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC WUKGUWJJOYQYEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPZCTWXOHZUFIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)PCCCCCC Chemical class COC1=C(C=CC=C1)PCCCCCC RPZCTWXOHZUFIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQKBQNAVSILVDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CC(C)C)CC(C)C Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CC(C)C)CC(C)C UQKBQNAVSILVDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBVNDQPVTJAZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CCC)CCC Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CCC)CCC KBVNDQPVTJAZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJTOSSIFPXRLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CCCCCC)CCCCCC Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CCCCCC)CCCCCC NJTOSSIFPXRLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVZDWLRMKLCKQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC MVZDWLRMKLCKQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZUCAZQJMXMHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C1)P(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC OZUCAZQJMXMHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAGYSJFPKBYAGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1C(CCCC1)PC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical class COC1C(CCCC1)PC1=CC=CC=C1 MAGYSJFPKBYAGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLTJVHSHYLHDFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC1=CC=C(C[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC)C=C1 Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC)C=C1 MLTJVHSHYLHDFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTIRHQRTDBPHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl sulfide Chemical compound CCCCSCCCC HTIRHQRTDBPHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFIVKAOQEXOYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diepoxybutane Chemical compound C1OC1C1OC1 ZFIVKAOQEXOYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXBYFVGCMPJVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epoxybutene Chemical compound C=CC1CO1 GXBYFVGCMPJVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBMSBIMRMMRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ICCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound ICCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPBMSBIMRMMRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNTATADFGQPPFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ICCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound ICCCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QNTATADFGQPPFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTYCZFOUVGKRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ICCCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound ICCCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FTYCZFOUVGKRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBQVBHDKDMIHDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ICCCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound ICCCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FBQVBHDKDMIHDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKCRCHMZMLQOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ICCO[Si](OC)(OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound ICCO[Si](OC)(OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QKCRCHMZMLQOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMYCGPVEQMDQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(bromomethyl)phenyl]-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1CBr QMYCGPVEQMDQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJGCNIKSFUGSPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1CCl GJGCNIKSFUGSPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004471 alkyl aminosulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004644 alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004656 alkyl sulfonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTDZLSSZGQCORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dibutyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RTDZLSSZGQCORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAMCEHJUSMHEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(diethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KAMCEHJUSMHEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTHDANPEBBZWQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CP(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WTHDANPEBBZWQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWDSMNJNSJNVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dioctyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SWDSMNJNSJNVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKKHEBLDSZYKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dipentyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCP(CCCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 DKKHEBLDSZYKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZCPNEBHTFYJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UZCPNEBHTFYJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMCISRAHKNFICN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 AMCISRAHKNFICN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOKXSOXBMHLEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-(2-bromoethoxy)-dimethoxysilane Chemical compound BrCCO[Si](OC)(OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YOKXSOXBMHLEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXEJMRVMVOIZJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-bis(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1OC)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QXEJMRVMVOIZJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBUXOXOZSIGFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-bis(2-methylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CP(CC(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 DBUXOXOZSIGFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYGZNHUNJRTFLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-di(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FYGZNHUNJRTFLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAMMMURECMRPIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-methoxy-phenylphosphane Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)P(OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FAMMMURECMRPIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNRPWXGHDSIZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-methylphosphane Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1P(C)C1=C(OC)C=CC=C1OC FNRPWXGHDSIZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYLXAHGZFWCZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-phenylphosphane Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1OC)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZYLXAHGZFWCZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXZVEEAUZSSKKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)-pentylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCP(CC(C)C)CC(C)C VXZVEEAUZSSKKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRDQEMSRVZZPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)-phenylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CP(CC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 IRDQEMSRVZZPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXGRYJKRTZIVRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)-propylphosphane Chemical compound C(C(C)C)P(CCC)CC(C)C JXGRYJKRTZIVRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006278 bromobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NSLWCWMENMVGEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(cyclohexyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCPC1CCCCC1 NSLWCWMENMVGEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGCDZBJYFKZTOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(methyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCPC CGCDZBJYFKZTOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003739 carbamimidoyl group Chemical group C(N)(=N)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001589 carboacyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- LEGITHRSIRNTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.FC(F)(F)C=C LEGITHRSIRNTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTUSLLYSMVWGPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;cyclohexene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.C1CCC=CC1 XTUSLLYSMVWGPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LASCCQJZFPBYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N.OC(O)=O LASCCQJZFPBYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229920005556 chlorobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000490 cosmetic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OTFXOBKITKKHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl(dihexyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCCCCC)C1CCCCC1 OTFXOBKITKKHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIXNOFOTEDKIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl(dimethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CP(C)C1CCCCC1 UIXNOFOTEDKIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WADVNZNSZFGMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl(dioctyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)C1CCCCC1 WADVNZNSZFGMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXKWUYWWVSKKQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZXKWUYWWVSKKQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXJMJKZBTUEZIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)phosphane Chemical class CC=1C(=C(C=CC1)PC1CCCCC1)C IXJMJKZBTUEZIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNSPRZOVVFIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl-(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=C1PC1CCCCC1 VNSPRZOVVFIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBZGLYZCUOKDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl-di(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)C1CCCCC1 RBZGLYZCUOKDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBCKWHYWPLHBOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylphosphane Chemical class PC1CCCCC1 ZBCKWHYWPLHBOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VDPMXHZUEHQDEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(propan-2-yl)-propylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(C(C)C)C(C)C VDPMXHZUEHQDEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDIIYWASEVHBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)PC(C)C WDIIYWASEVHBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MDZKNJAPXMTNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl(ethyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CP(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MDZKNJAPXMTNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEWPHFZOEADETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OEWPHFZOEADETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFUBOUAZJMUUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical class COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)P(CC1=CC=CC=C1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GFUBOUAZJMUUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBWJERDWKYNUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CPCC1=CC=CC=C1 SBWJERDWKYNUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHMSEBUGWCTWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(cyclohexyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)C1CCCCC1 FHMSEBUGWCTWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIOXCPTYOYGESX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(ethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCP(CC)CCCC UIOXCPTYOYGESX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUBAPRSHTUQWKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(heptyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCP(CCCC)CCCC UUBAPRSHTUQWKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HERTYSLWIKJXGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(hexyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCCC)CCCC HERTYSLWIKJXGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFFKBLBDKCYCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCP(C(C)C)CCCC AFFFKBLBDKCYCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQHASQSUFOESC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCP(CCC)CCCC YLQHASQSUFOESC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVPFTJSCJRVGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)C1=C(OC)C=CC=C1OC BVPFTJSCJRVGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPOGTJDEMBEUSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl(ethyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(CC)C1CCCCC1 DPOGTJDEMBEUSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MESBJEBWWDYMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl(hexyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(CCCCCC)C1CCCCC1 MESBJEBWWDYMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIVNYIJKHBGMFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl(methyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C)C1CCCCC1 BIVNYIJKHBGMFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPLLTGLLUHLIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1CCCCC1 VPLLTGLLUHLIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYABLNMWNFFWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C(C)C)C1CCCCC1 PYABLNMWNFFWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AILPTUURQRJHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC(C)C AILPTUURQRJHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXZYJDIOJKWORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(hexyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CC)CC JXZYJDIOJKWORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZHUAESPXGNNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(methyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCP(C)CC HZHUAESPXGNNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWMJFBIZWDNTLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CCP(CC)C(C)C OWMJFBIZWDNTLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHCATAMMUJGPTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CC)CC SHCATAMMUJGPTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIHNSNGSTARPGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCP(CC)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 KIHNSNGSTARPGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LASVOMFNNIOSAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diheptyl(methyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCP(C)CCCCCCC LASVOMFNNIOSAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNJWGDRCDNRDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diheptyl(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCP(C(C)C)CCCCCCC DNJWGDRCDNRDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXLRDQWFWTWSAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diheptyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCP(CCC)CCCCCCC RXLRDQWFWTWSAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMLYVPCLTBDQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diheptylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCPCCCCCCC AMLYVPCLTBDQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCFLTKGRDQACEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl(pentyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCCCC)CCCCCC NCFLTKGRDQACEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRCWFLVFFDEGGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MRCWFLVFFDEGGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICGRXOJPKLUZID-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(C(C)C)CCCCCC ICGRXOJPKLUZID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXIMEGMEYWTKRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCC)CCCCCC GXIMEGMEYWTKRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CBGZZRDXDBULAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(2-methylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CP(C)C CBGZZRDXDBULAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HASCQPSFPAKVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(phenyl)phosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HASCQPSFPAKVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDTJHNQEGUTUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)P(C)C DDTJHNQEGUTUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVTPAZHGNYBKHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(C)C QVTPAZHGNYBKHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOTZYFSGUCFUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphosphine Chemical compound CPC YOTZYFSGUCFUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASDULAWDDLZNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl(pentyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCC)CCCCCCCC ASDULAWDDLZNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXUARCOTWDKZOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXUARCOTWDKZOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZKYRJFAQUTGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(C(C)C)CCCCCCCC AZKYRJFAQUTGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBYIGPVGVDJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCC)CCCCCCCC PRBYIGPVGVDJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDZAKCWPRPKCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentyl(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCP(CCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 QDZAKCWPRPKCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIDKNBRVVCSKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCP(CCC)CCCCC BIDKNBRVVCSKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLZAIAIZAVMQIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LLZAIAIZAVMQIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAXGWYDSLJUQLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAXGWYDSLJUQLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- GWYXJFZWIXIPNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(diheptyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCP(CC)CCCCCCC GWYXJFZWIXIPNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFQCDFQNZRKKNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(dihexyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CC)CCCCCC XFQCDFQNZRKKNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRROQFXKEVCQBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(dioctyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CC)CCCCCCCC VRROQFXKEVCQBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTEBGUJBOLHTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(dipentyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCP(CC)CCCCC WTEBGUJBOLHTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZCMCXHLUCOHPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CC)CCC RZCMCXHLUCOHPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWNSYAZDTVGREQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(heptyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCPCC HWNSYAZDTVGREQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBYOKLLVIWTFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical class CCPC1=CC=CC=C1C JBYOKLLVIWTFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDHQEYGHBGZWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-bis(2-methylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CP(CC)CC(C)C RDHQEYGHBGZWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUZQPNDMHDZWCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-di(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CCP(C(C)C)C(C)C GUZQPNDMHDZWCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLHMVTORNNQCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP JLHMVTORNNQCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QIKBTUXAXBJXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl(dimethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCP(C)C QIKBTUXAXBJXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVPRPEHCHZCOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl(dioctyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC DVPRPEHCHZCOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIKUJVAHUHOTLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl(dipentyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCP(CCCCC)CCCCC QIKUJVAHUHOTLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVETVHHTHXURNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 DVETVHHTHXURNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEBNPZUAHSXOHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl-bis(2-methylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCP(CC(C)C)CC(C)C SEBNPZUAHSXOHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAWKVSBCMBPJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(dimethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(C)C AAWKVSBCMBPJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXFFIPSYXWNHBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(dioctyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCC)CCCCCCCC KXFFIPSYXWNHBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSSYDVFTTLUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(dipentyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCCCC)CCCCC MSSYDVFTTLUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNGQRQJGDUZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 WHNGQRQJGDUZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQMYYHITANWDAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCC)CCC LQMYYHITANWDAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOJKSVLZYXQRPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(pentyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCPCCCCC SOJKSVLZYXQRPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WACCFLQNPLMCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl-(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical class CCCCCCPC1=CC=CC=C1C WACCFLQNPLMCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFRXLWVAGXYVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl-bis(2-methylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound C(C(C)C)P(CCCCCC)CC(C)C VFRXLWVAGXYVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUTJGWMYBIZSLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(dipentyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCP(C)CCCCC FUTJGWMYBIZSLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJNZOIKQAUQOCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UJNZOIKQAUQOCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIIWFKIAMTMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(C)CCC OJIIWFKIAMTMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVHGHYJUUBYOCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical class CPC1=CC=CC=C1C FVHGHYJUUBYOCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKXJNJOXPFTFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-bis(2-methylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CP(C)CC(C)C FKXJNJOXPFTFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCAOGXRUJFKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-5-nitropyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 UCAOGXRUJFKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl alcohol Natural products CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RSHIVZARDAPEDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CO1 RSHIVZARDAPEDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- NRVSCUABVKRWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 NRVSCUABVKRWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEBORWPMFGNHSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCP(CCC)CCC NEBORWPMFGNHSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIYAWSUYAQQGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCPCCC KIYAWSUYAQQGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSRKWUXYLYWDOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 OSRKWUXYLYWDOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIFSJAIZLCBORN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-di(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AIFSJAIZLCBORN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFAUVKQCNJTXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl(dipropyl)phosphane Chemical compound C(CC)P(C(C)C)CCC OFAUVKQCNJTXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDRCCJPEJDWSRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine;1h-pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1.C1=CC=NC=C1 RDRCCJPEJDWSRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- IFXORIIYQORRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenzylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CP(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFXORIIYQORRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVAUDREWWXPRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(pentyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FHVAUDREWWXPRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylphosphine Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)C(C)C IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HILHCDFHSDUYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(pentyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HILHCDFHSDUYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHAFDJWJDDPMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(phenyl)phosphanium Chemical compound C[P+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WHAFDJWJDDPMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCC KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAGQYUCAQQEEJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CP(CC(C)C)CC(C)C DAGQYUCAQQEEJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/54—Quaternary phosphonium compounds
- C07F9/5407—Acyclic saturated phosphonium compounds
- C07F9/5414—Acyclic saturated phosphonium compounds substituted by B, Si, P or a metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/182—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0255—Phosphorus containing compounds
- B01J31/0269—Phosphorus containing compounds on mineral substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0272—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255
- B01J31/0274—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255 containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0272—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255
- B01J31/0275—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255 also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0269
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/069—Hybrid organic-inorganic polymers, e.g. silica derivatized with organic groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/617—500-1000 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/34—Oxygen atoms
- C07D317/36—Alkylene carbonates; Substituted alkylene carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/34—Oxygen atoms
- C07D317/36—Alkylene carbonates; Substituted alkylene carbonates
- C07D317/38—Ethylene carbonate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/34—Other additions, e.g. Monsanto-type carbonylations, addition to 1,2-C=X or 1,2-C-X triplebonds, additions to 1,4-C=C-C=X or 1,4-C=-C-X triple bonds with X, e.g. O, S, NH/N
- B01J2231/341—1,2-additions, e.g. aldol or Knoevenagel condensations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0255—Phosphorus containing compounds
- B01J31/0267—Phosphines or phosphonium compounds, i.e. phosphorus bonded to at least one carbon atom, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, the other atoms bonded to phosphorus being either carbon or hydrogen
- B01J31/0268—Phosphonium compounds, i.e. phosphine with an additional hydrogen or carbon atom bonded to phosphorous so as to result in a formal positive charge on phosphorous
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供简便且以低成本制造用于使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应而合成环状碳酸酯的具有优异的催化活性的多相催化剂的方法、用该制造方法得到的催化剂、使用该催化剂的环状碳酸酯的合成方法。一种制造方法,是用于使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应而合成环状碳酸酯的催化剂的制造方法,包括下述工序(a)和(b)。(a)使具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物与硅胶在二甲苯存在下反应而得到具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的催化剂前体的工序,(b)使工序(a)中得到的催化剂前体与叔膦反应而得到环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的工序。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的制造方法、用该制造方法得到的催化剂、使用该催化剂的环状碳酸酯的合成方法。
背景技术
环状碳酸酯是作为有机溶剂、合成纤维加工剂、医药品原料、化妆品添加剂、锂电池用电解液溶剂以及烷撑二醇和碳酸二烷基酯合成的中间体而在广泛用途中使用的重要化合物之一。
以往,该环状碳酸酯是使环氧化物与二氧化碳在均相催化剂的存在下、适当的加压条件下反应而合成的。作为这样的均相催化剂,一直以来已知有碱金属等的卤化物(专利文献1)、季铵盐等的盐(专利文献2),在工业上也使用。
然而,使用这样的均相催化剂时,通常需要进行反应混合物和催化剂的蒸馏等分离操作,不仅制造工序复杂,而且还存在分离工序中催化剂分解、生成副产物之类的问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特公昭63-17072号公报
专利文献2:日本特开昭55-145623号公报
专利文献3:国际公开第2005/084801号
专利文献4:日本特开2008-296066号公报
发明内容
因此,出于简化催化剂分离工艺的目的,提出了将以卤化物离子为抗衡离子的季基固定于硅胶等载体上的多相催化剂(专利文献3)。该催化剂是通过使硅胶上介由共价键固定有卤代烷基链的市售的载体与三烷基膦反应进行季化而制造的。
然而,专利文献3中记载的制造方法需要在长时间高温下进行季化反应,另外,即便长时间反应还是有大量的卤代烷基链不与上述膦反应而残留。
另外,介由共价键固定有卤代烷基链、卤代芳基链的硅胶可以不使用市售品,例如通过使3-溴丙基三乙氧基硅烷等硅烷化合物与硅胶在甲苯中、回流条件下反应而得,但该反应一般而言如果硅烷化合物的浓度低则反应速度慢。因此,为了导入充分量的卤代烷基链,要使用相对于硅胶为数倍~数十倍量的过量的硅烷化合物,或者采用反复进行蒸馏反应液以提高硅烷化合物的浓度的操作等方法。
然而,大量使用上述硅烷化合物时,不仅有时容易生成硅烷化合物彼此的缩合物使催化活性降低,而且催化剂制造工序中的废弃物增加使催化剂的制造效率降低。另外,边馏去溶剂边进行反应的方法中反应装置复杂,工序数目也多。
另外,作为如专利文献3记载的简便制造将以卤化物离子为抗衡离子的季固定化的催化剂的方法,提出了使3-溴丙基三乙氧基硅烷预先与二苯基单烷基膦反应进行季化,然后将其作为催化交联剂来修饰载体表面的方法(专利文献4)。
然而,使用与二苯基单烷基膦反应而季化的硅烷化合物作为催化交联剂时,由于空间位阻限制与硅胶表面键合的硅烷化合物的量,因此难说能够担载充分量的卤素、磷。另外,由于在硅胶的存在下,季盐与硅烷化合物反应生成副产物,所以难以制造显示与季盐和硅烷化合物的使用量相称的活性的催化剂。
因此,本发明提供能够简便且以低成本制造用于使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应而合成环状碳酸酯的具有优异的催化活性的多相催化剂的方法、用该制造方法得到的催化剂以及使用该催化剂的环状碳酸酯的合成方法。
因此,本发明人等进行了深入研究,结果发现通过使具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物与硅胶在二甲苯存在下反应,得到具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的催化剂前体,接下来使该催化剂前体与叔膦反应,从而即便在上述硅烷化合物的使用量为少量的情况下、反应时间短的情况下,也能够简便且以低成本制造环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂,且该催化剂显示优异的催化活性,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供一种用于使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应而合成环状碳酸酯的催化剂的制造方法,包括下述工序(a)和(b)。
(a)使具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物与硅胶在二甲苯存在下反应而得到具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的催化剂前体的工序
(b)使工序(a)中得到的催化剂前体与叔膦反应而得到环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的工序
另外,本发明提供一种催化剂,是利用上述制造方法得到的,用于使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应而合成环状碳酸酯。
此外,本发明提供一种环状碳酸酯的合成方法,在上述催化剂的存在下使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应。
根据本发明的制造方法,即便在硅烷化合物的使用量为少量的情况下、反应时间短的情况下也能够简便且以低成本制造能够以高转化率和高收率合成环状碳酸酯并显示优异的催化活性的多相催化剂。
因此,本发明的催化剂作为用于使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应而合成环状碳酸酯的催化剂有用。另外,根据本发明的环状碳酸酯的合成方法,能够以高转化率和高收率合成环状碳酸酯。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的环状碳酸酯的合成方法中使用的装置的一个例子的示意图。
具体实施方式
<环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的制造方法>
本发明的用于使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应而合成环状碳酸酯的催化剂的制造方法包括上述工序(a)和(b)。
〔工序(a)〕
工序(a)是使具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物与硅胶在二甲苯存在下反应(硅烷化反应)而得到具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的催化剂前体的工序。
工序(a)中通过使用二甲苯作为溶剂,能够得到充分的卤素含量的催化剂前体。应予说明,对于硅胶的硅烷化反应而言,如果硅烷化合物的浓度低则反应慢,因此要采用如下方法:在相对于所需的担载量为数倍~数十倍量的过量的硅烷化合物的存在下进行反应,或者反复进行适当地蒸馏反应液而馏去一部分溶剂以提高硅烷化合物的浓度的操作来进行反应等,但根据本发明的方法,即便在硅烷化合物的使用量为少量的情况下、反应时间短的情况下,也能够不采用如上所述的方法而得到充分的卤素含量的催化剂前体。
上述二甲苯可以为邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、混合二甲苯中的任一种。应予说明,二甲苯可以与乙苯等其它的溶剂组合使用。
上述二甲苯的使用量没有特别限定,相对于硅胶100质量份,通常为100~1000质量份,优选为100~750质量份,更优选为100~500质量份,进一步优选为200~300质量份。
另外,作为上述工序(a)中使用的硅胶的平均细孔直径,从催化活性和抑制环状碳酸酯合成中的副产物的观点考虑,优选为3.5~50nm的范围,优选为3.5~25nm的范围,更优选为5~20nm的范围,特别优选为6~15nm的范围。通过使用这样的范围的平均细孔直径的硅胶,容易控制催化剂的硅胶含量、磷含量。另外,通过使平均细孔直径为3.5nm以上,容易向细孔内导入叔膦,能够抑制在表面的聚集,抑制细孔的闭塞等。
另外,上述硅胶的比表面积优选为80~2000m2/g的范围,更优选为100~1000m2/g的范围,进一步优选为150~750m2/g的范围。
另外,从分离回收等的操作性的观点考虑,优选上述硅胶呈粒子的形态。粒子的形状没有特别限定,例如可举出粉碎状、粒状、珠状、片剂状、颗粒状、圆筒状、粉体状,也可以为不规则的形状。硅胶为珠状时,其粒径优选为0.1~10mm的范围,更优选为0.2~8mm的范围,进一步优选为0.5~5.0mm的范围。另外,硅胶为粉体状时,其粒度优选为30~5000目,更优选为100~1000目。
应予说明,上述硅胶的平均细孔直径、比表面积、粒径可利用比表面积/细孔分布测定装置等进行测定。
另外,硅胶优选为预先干燥过的硅胶,更优选吸附水分量为1质量%以下的硅胶(相对于硅胶的吸附水分量被调整为1质量%以下的硅胶)。通过使吸附水分量为1质量%以下,抑制表面硅烷醇,抑制卤代烷基、卤代芳基的过度担载,提高催化活性。
这里,吸附水分量是指硅胶细孔内存在的水分量,可以利用热重量测定装置等测定。
上述硅胶的干燥方法没有特别限定,例如可举出在减压下或者干燥空气(或者非活性气体)流通下加热的方法,使用迪安-斯达克榻分水器的回流处理等的方法。该回流处理中使用的溶剂只要能够通过共沸除去水就没有特别限定,从抑制溶剂的取代所带来的水分的导入的观点考虑,优选将该溶剂直接作为工序(a)中使用的溶剂。
此外,硅胶在上述干燥前可以用盐酸等进行酸处理。
另外,作为工序(a)中使用的含有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物,优选下述式(1)表示的化合物。该硅烷化合物可以单独使用1种或者组合使用2种以上。
X-R1-Si(OR2)3(1)
〔式(1)中,R1表示碳原子数2~8的直链状或者支链状的亚烷基、亚芳基、亚烷芳基、亚芳基亚烷基或者亚烷基亚芳基,R2表示碳原子数1~4的烷基,X表示卤素原子。〕
上述式(1)中,作为R1表示的碳原子数2~8的直链状或者支链状的亚烷基,例如可举出亚乙基、三亚甲基、亚丙基、四亚甲基、五亚甲基、六亚甲基、七亚甲基、八亚甲基等。
另外,R1表示的亚芳基优选为碳原子数6~10的亚芳基,例如可举出亚苯基、亚甲代苯基等。
另外,R1表示的亚烷芳基优选为碳原子数8~10的亚烷芳基,例如可举出亚二甲苯基等。
另外,R1表示的亚芳基亚烷基优选为碳原子数6~10的亚芳基亚烷基,例如可举出亚苯基亚甲基、亚苯基亚乙基等。
另外,R1表示的亚烷基亚芳基优选为碳原子数6~10的亚烷基亚芳基,例如可举出亚甲基亚苯基、亚乙基亚苯基等。
其中,优选碳原子数2~8的直链状或者支链状的亚烷基,更优选碳原子数2~6的直链状或者支链状的亚烷基,特别优选三亚甲基。
另外,式(1)中,作为R2表示的碳原子数1~4的烷基,可举出甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基,优选甲基、乙基,更优选甲基。
式(1)中,作为X表示的卤素原子,可举出氯原子、溴原子、碘原子,优选溴原子。
作为式(1)表示的硅烷化合物中含有卤代烷基的硅烷化合物的具体例,可举出卤代C2-8烷基三甲氧基硅烷、卤代C2-8烷基三乙氧基硅烷、卤代C2-8烷基三丙氧基硅烷、卤代烷基芳基三甲氧基硅烷、卤代烷基芳基三乙氧基硅烷、卤代烷基芳基三丙氧基硅烷、卤代烷基芳烷基三甲氧基硅烷、卤代烷基芳烷基三乙氧基硅烷、卤代烷基芳烷基三丙氧基硅烷等。
作为上述卤代C2-8烷基三甲氧基硅烷,例如可举出2-氯乙基三甲氧基硅烷、2-溴乙基三甲氧基硅烷、2-碘乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-溴丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-碘丙基三甲氧基硅烷、4-氯丁基三甲氧基硅烷、4-溴丁基三甲氧基硅烷、4-碘丁基三甲氧基硅烷、5-氯戊基三甲氧基硅烷、5-溴戊基三甲氧基硅烷、5-碘戊基三甲氧基硅烷、6-氯己基三甲氧基硅烷、6-溴己基三甲氧基硅烷、6-碘己基三甲氧基硅烷、7-氯庚基三甲氧基硅烷、7-溴庚基三甲氧基硅烷、7-碘庚基三甲氧基硅烷、8-氯辛基三甲氧基硅烷、8-溴辛基三甲氧基硅烷、8-碘辛基三甲氧基硅烷。
另外,作为上述卤代C2-8烷基三乙氧基硅烷,例如可举出2-氯乙基三乙氧基硅烷、2-溴乙基三乙氧基硅烷、2-碘乙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-溴丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-碘丙基三乙氧基硅烷、4-氯丁基三乙氧基硅烷、4-溴丁基三乙氧基硅烷、4-碘丁基三乙氧基硅烷、5-氯戊基三乙氧基硅烷、5-溴戊基三乙氧基硅烷、5-碘戊基三乙氧基硅烷、6-氯己基三乙氧基硅烷、6-溴己基三乙氧基硅烷、6-碘己基三乙氧基硅烷、7-氯庚基三乙氧基硅烷、7-溴庚基三乙氧基硅烷、7-碘庚基三乙氧基硅烷、8-氯辛基三乙氧基硅烷、8-溴辛基三乙氧基硅烷、8-碘辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
另外,作为上述卤代C2-8烷基三丙氧基硅烷,例如可举出2-氯乙基三丙氧基硅烷、2-溴乙基三丙氧基硅烷、2-碘乙基三丙氧基硅烷、3-氯丙基三丙氧基硅烷、3-溴丙基三丙氧基硅烷、3-碘丙基三丙氧基硅烷、4-氯丁基三丙氧基硅烷、4-溴丁基三丙氧基硅烷、4-碘丁基三丙氧基硅烷、5-氯戊基三丙氧基硅烷、5-溴戊基三丙氧基硅烷、5-碘戊基三丙氧基硅烷、6-氯己基三丙氧基硅烷、6-溴己基三丙氧基硅烷、6-碘己基三丙氧基硅烷、7-氯庚基三丙氧基硅烷、7-溴庚基三丙氧基硅烷、7-碘庚基三丙氧基硅烷、8-氯辛基三丙氧基硅烷、8-溴辛基三丙氧基硅烷、8-碘辛基三丙氧基硅烷。
另外,作为上述卤代烷基芳基三甲氧基硅烷,例如可举出对氯甲基苯基三甲氧基硅烷、对(2-氯乙基)苯基三甲氧基硅烷、对溴甲基苯基三甲氧基硅烷、对(2-溴乙基)苯基三甲氧基硅烷、对碘甲基苯基三甲氧基硅烷、对(2-碘乙基)苯基三甲氧基硅烷。
另外,作为上述卤代烷基芳基三乙氧基硅烷,例如可举出对氯甲基苯基三乙氧基硅烷、对(2-氯乙基)苯基三乙氧基硅烷、对溴甲基苯基三乙氧基硅烷、对(2-溴乙基)苯基三乙氧基硅烷、对碘甲基苯基三乙氧基硅烷、对(2-碘乙基)苯基三乙氧基硅烷。
另外,作为上述卤代烷基芳基三丙氧基硅烷,例如可举出对氯甲基苯基三丙氧基硅烷、对(2-氯乙基)苯基三丙氧基硅烷、对溴甲基苯基三丙氧基硅烷、对(2-溴乙基)苯基三丙氧基硅烷、对碘甲基苯基三丙氧基硅烷、对(2-碘乙基)苯基三丙氧基硅烷。
另外,作为上述卤代烷基芳烷基三甲氧基硅烷,例如可举出对氯甲基苄基三甲氧基硅烷、对溴甲基苄基三甲氧基硅烷、对碘甲基苄基三甲氧基硅烷。
另外,作为上述卤代烷基芳烷基三乙氧基硅烷,可举出对氯甲基苄基三乙氧基硅烷、对溴甲基苄基三乙氧基硅烷、对碘甲基苄基三乙氧基硅烷。
另外,作为上述卤代烷基芳烷基三丙氧基硅烷,可举出对氯甲基苄基三丙氧基硅烷、对溴甲基苄基三丙氧基硅烷、对碘甲基苄基三丙氧基硅烷。
另外,作为式(1)表示的硅烷化合物中含有卤代芳基的硅烷化合物的具体例,可举出卤代芳基三烷氧基硅烷、卤代芳烷基三烷氧基硅烷等。
作为上述卤代芳基三烷氧基硅烷,可举出对氯苯基三甲氧基硅烷、对溴苯基三甲氧基硅烷、对氯苯基三乙氧基硅烷、对溴苯基三乙氧基硅烷、对氯苯基三丙氧基硅烷、对溴苯基三丙氧基硅烷。
另外,作为上述卤代芳烷基三烷氧基硅烷,可举出对氯苄基三甲氧基硅烷、对溴苄基三甲氧基硅烷、对碘苄基三甲氧基硅烷、对氯苄基三乙氧基硅烷、对溴苄基三乙氧基硅烷、对碘苄基三乙氧基硅烷、对氯苄基三丙氧基硅烷、对溴苄基三丙氧基硅烷、对碘苄基三丙氧基硅烷等。
从催化活性和低廉地制造催化剂的观点考虑,上述硅烷化合物的使用量相对于硅胶1摩尔,优选为0.001~0.5摩尔,更优选为0.01~0.1摩尔,进一步优选为0.02~0.08摩尔,特别优选为0.025~0.06摩尔。
工序(a)的反应温度没有特别限定,优选为50~160℃,更优选为80~150℃,进一步优选为100~140℃,进一步优选为110~140℃,进一步优选为125~140℃的范围。通过使反应温度为160℃以下,能够抑制被担载的硅烷化合物的分解,另一方面,通过为50℃以上,能够加快反应速度。
工序(a)的反应时间没有特别限定,优选为1~30小时,更优选为3~28小时,特别优选为5~26小时。应予说明,采用本工序(a),即便反应时间为5~10小时也能够得到充分的卤素含量的催化剂前体。
另外,作为工序(a)中得到的具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的催化剂前体中的卤素的含量,从催化活性的观点考虑,优选每1g催化剂前体中为1.0mmol以下,更优选为0.1~1.0mmol,进一步优选为0.2~0.95mmol,进一步优选为0.3~0.9mmol,进一步优选为0.3~0.75mmol,特别优选为0.3~0.5mmol。
通过调整具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物的使用量,并且在二甲苯存在下进行工序(a),能够得到上述范围的卤素含量的催化剂前体。另外,通过使用上述吸附水分量被调整到1质量%以下的硅胶,更容易控制卤素含量。
上述卤素含量与后述实施例同样地测定即可。
〔工序(b)〕
工序(b)是使工序(a)中得到的催化剂前体与叔膦反应而得到环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的工序。通过使催化剂前体与叔膦反应,将催化剂前体的卤代烷基或者卤代芳基变换成以卤化物阴离子为抗衡离子的季基。因此,环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂具有以卤化物阴离子为抗衡离子的季基。
作为工序(b)中使用的叔膦,优选下述式(2)表示的化合物。该叔膦可以单独使用1种或者组合使用2种以上。
〔式(2)中,R3~R5各自独立地表示碳原子数1~8的烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、具有烷氧基作为取代基的芳基、或者这些基团所含的氢原子的1个以上被含有杂原子的基团取代而成的基团。〕
式(2)中,R3~R5表示的碳原子数1~8的烷基可以为直链状、支链状、环状中的任一种,例如可举出甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、环己基等。
另外,R3~R5表示的芳基优选为碳原子数6~10的芳基,例如可举出苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基等。
另外,R3~R5表示的芳烷基优选为碳原子数7~12的芳烷基,例如可举出苄基等。
另外,R3~R5表示的烷氧基烷基优选为碳原子数2~8的烷氧基烷基,例如可举出甲氧基乙基等。
另外,R3~R5表示的具有烷氧基作为取代基的芳基优选为碳原子数7~14的烷氧基芳基,例如可举出甲氧基苯基、二甲氧基苯基等。另外,芳基具有的烷氧基的个数和位置任意,但优选的烷氧基的个数为1~4个,更优选为1或2个。
应予说明,上述碳原子数1~8的烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、具有烷氧基作为取代基的芳基中这些基团所含的氢原子的1个以上可以被含有杂原子的基团取代。作为杂原子,可举出氮、氧、磷、硫、卤素原子(氟原子等)等。
作为上述含有杂原子的基团,可举出氨基、肼基、硝基、氰基、异氰基、脒基等含氮基团;烷酰基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、羟基等含氧基团;膦基(ホスファニル基)、膦酰基、氧膦基等含磷基团;磺基、硫烷基、烷基硫烷基、烷基磺酰基、烷基磺酰基氨基、烷基氨基磺酰基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基氨基亚磺酰基、烷基亚磺酰基氨基、硫代羧基等含硫基团等。
如上所述的R3~R5中,优选碳原子数1~8的烷基,更优选碳原子数1~8的直链状或者支链状的烷基,进一步优选碳原子数1~4的直链状或者支链状的烷基,特别优选丁基。
作为上述式(2)表示的化合物的具体例,可举出三C1-8烷基膦、三芳基膦、二芳基C1-8烷基膦、芳基二C1-8烷基膦、三芳烷基膦、二芳烷基C1-8烷基膦、二芳烷基芳基膦、芳烷基二C1-8烷基膦、芳烷基二芳基膦、三(烷氧基芳基)膦、双(烷氧基芳基)C1-8烷基膦、双(烷氧基芳基)芳基膦、双(烷氧基芳基)芳烷基膦、(烷氧基芳基)二C1-8烷基膦、(二烷氧基芳基)二C1-8烷基膦、烷氧基芳基二芳基膦、(二烷氧基芳基)二芳基膦、烷氧基芳基二芳烷基膦、(二烷氧基芳基)二芳烷基膦。
作为上述三C1-8烷基膦,例如可举出三甲基膦、三乙基膦、三丙基膦、三异丙基膦、三正丁基膦、三异丁基膦、三戊基膦、三己基膦、三庚基膦、三辛基膦、三环己基膦、二甲基乙基膦、二甲基丙基膦、二甲基异丙基膦、二甲基正丁基膦、二甲基异丁基膦、二甲基戊基膦、二甲基己基膦、二甲基庚基膦、二甲基辛基膦、二甲基环己基膦、二乙基甲基膦、二乙基丙基膦、二乙基异丙基膦、二乙基正丁基膦、二乙基异丁基膦、二乙基戊基膦、二乙基己基膦、二乙基庚基膦、二乙基辛基膦、二乙基环己基膦,
二丙基甲基膦、二丙基乙基膦、二丙基异丙基膦、二丙基正丁基膦、二丙基异丁基膦、二丙基戊基膦、二丙基己基膦、二丙基庚基膦、二丙基辛基膦、二丙基环己基膦、二异丙基甲基膦、二异丙基乙基膦、二异丙基丙基膦、二异丙基正丁基膦、二异丙基异丁基膦、二异丙基戊基膦、二异丙基己基膦、二异丙基庚基膦、二异丙基辛基膦、二异丙基环己基膦、二正丁基甲基膦、二正丁基乙基膦、二正丁基丙基膦、二正丁基异丙基膦、二正丁基异丁基膦、二正丁基戊基膦、二正丁基己基膦、二正丁基庚基膦、二正丁基辛基膦、二正丁基环己基膦,
二异丁基甲基膦、二异丁基乙基膦、二异丁基丙基膦、二异丁基异丙基膦、二异丁基正丁基膦、二异丁基戊基膦、二异丁基己基膦、二异丁基庚基膦、二异丁基辛基膦、二异丁基环己基膦、二戊基甲基膦、二戊基乙基膦、二戊基丙基膦、二戊基异丙基膦、二戊基正丁基膦、二戊基异丁基膦、二戊基己基膦、二戊基庚基膦、二戊基辛基膦、二戊基环己基膦、二己基甲基膦、二己基乙基膦、二己基丙基膦、二己基异丙基膦、二己基正丁基膦、二己基异丁基膦、二己基戊基膦、二己基庚基膦、二己基辛基膦、二己基环己基膦,
二庚基甲基膦、二庚基乙基膦、二庚基丙基膦、二庚基异丙基膦、二庚基正丁基膦、二庚基异丁基膦、二庚基戊基膦、二庚基己基膦、二庚基辛基膦、二庚基环己基膦、二辛基甲基膦、二辛基乙基膦、二辛基丙基膦、二辛基异丙基膦、二辛基正丁基膦、二辛基异丁基膦、二辛基戊基膦、二辛基己基膦、二辛基庚基膦、二辛基环己基膦、二环己基甲基膦、二环己基乙基膦、二环己基丙基膦、二环己基异丙基膦、二环己基正丁基膦、二环己基异丁基膦、二环己基戊基膦、二环己基己基膦、二环己基庚基膦、二环己基辛基膦。
作为上述三芳基膦,可举出三苯基膦、三甲苯基膦、三(二甲苯基)膦。
作为上述二芳基C1-8烷基膦,可举出二苯基甲基膦、二苯基乙基膦、二苯基丙基膦、二苯基异丙基膦、二苯基正丁基膦、二苯基异丁基膦、二苯基戊基膦、二苯基己基膦、二苯基庚基膦、二苯基辛基膦、二苯基环己基膦、二(甲苯基)甲基膦、二(甲苯基)乙基膦、二(甲苯基)丙基膦、二(甲苯基)异丙基膦、二(甲苯基)正丁基膦、二(甲苯基)异丁基膦、二(甲苯基)戊基膦、二(甲苯基)己基膦、二(甲苯基)庚基膦、二(甲苯基)辛基膦、二(甲苯基)环己基膦、二(二甲苯基)甲基膦、二(二甲苯基)乙基膦、二(二甲苯基)丙基膦、二(二甲苯基)异丙基膦、二(二甲苯基)正丁基膦、二(二甲苯基)异丁基膦、二(二甲苯基)戊基膦、二(二甲苯基)己基膦、二(二甲苯基)庚基膦、二(二甲苯基)辛基膦、二(二甲苯基)环己基膦。
作为上述芳基二C1-8烷基膦,可举出苯基二甲基膦、苯基二乙基膦、苯基二丙基膦、苯基二异丙基膦、苯基二正丁基膦、苯基二异丁基膦、苯基二戊基膦、苯基二己基膦、苯基二庚基膦、苯基二辛基膦、苯基二环己基膦、甲苯基二甲基膦、甲苯基二乙基膦、甲苯基二丙基膦、甲苯基二异丙基膦、甲苯基二正丁基膦、甲苯基二异丁基膦、甲苯基二戊基膦、甲苯基二己基膦、甲苯基二庚基膦、甲苯基二辛基膦、甲苯基二环己基膦、二甲苯基二甲基膦、二甲苯基二乙基膦、二甲苯基二丙基膦、二甲苯基二异丙基膦、二甲苯基二正丁基膦、二甲苯基二异丁基膦、二甲苯基二戊基膦、二甲苯基二己基膦、二甲苯基二庚基膦、二甲苯基二辛基膦、二甲苯基二环己基膦。
作为上述三芳烷基膦,可举出三苄基膦。
另外,作为上述二芳烷基C1-8烷基膦,可举出二苄基甲基膦、二苄基乙基膦、二苄基丙基膦、二苄基异丙基膦、二苄基正丁基膦、二苄基异丁基膦、二苄基戊基膦、二苄基己基膦、二苄基庚基膦、二苄基辛基膦、二苄基环己基膦。
作为上述二芳烷基芳基膦,可举出二苄基苯基膦、二苄基甲苯基膦、二苄基二甲苯基膦。
作为上述芳烷基二C1-8烷基膦,可举出苄基二甲基膦、苄基二乙基膦、苄基二丙基膦、苄基二异丙基膦、苄基二正丁基膦、苄基二异丁基膦、苄基二戊基膦、苄基二己基膦、苄基二庚基膦、苄基二辛基膦、苄基二环己基膦。
作为上述芳烷基二芳基膦,可举出苄基二苯基膦、苄基二(甲苯基)膦、苄基二(二甲苯基)膦。
作为上述三(烷氧基芳基)膦,可举出三(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)膦、三邻甲氧基苯基膦、三对甲氧基苯基膦。
作为上述双(烷氧基芳基)C1-8烷基膦,可举出双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)甲基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)乙基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)丙基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)异丙基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)正丁基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)异丁基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)戊基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)己基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)庚基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)辛基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)环己基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基甲基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基乙基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基丙基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基异丙基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基正丁基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基异丁基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基戊基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基己基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基庚基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基辛基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基环己基膦、二对甲氧基苯基甲基膦、二对甲氧基苯基乙基膦、二对甲氧基苯基甲基膦、二对甲氧基苯基乙基膦、二对甲氧基苯基丙基膦、二对甲氧基苯基异丙基膦、二对甲氧基苯基正丁基膦、二对甲氧基苯基异丁基膦、二对甲氧基苯基戊基膦、二对甲氧基苯基己基膦、二对甲氧基苯基庚基膦、二对甲氧基苯基辛基膦、二对甲氧基苯基环己基膦。
作为上述双(烷氧基芳基)芳基膦,可举出双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)苯基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)甲苯基膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)二甲苯基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基苯基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基甲苯基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基二甲苯基膦、二对甲氧基苯基苯基膦、二对甲氧基苯基甲苯基膦、二对甲氧基苯基二甲苯基膦。
作为上述双(烷氧基芳基)芳烷基膦,可举出双(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)苄基膦、二邻甲氧基苯基苄基膦、二对甲氧基苯基苄基膦。
作为上述(烷氧基芳基)二C1-8烷基膦,可举出邻甲氧基苯基二甲基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二乙基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二丙基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二异丙基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二正丁基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二异丁基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二戊基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二己基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二庚基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二辛基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二环己基膦、对甲氧基苯基二甲基膦、对甲氧基苯基二乙基膦、对甲氧基苯基二丙基膦、对甲氧基苯基二异丙基膦、对甲氧基苯基二正丁基膦、对甲氧基苯基二异丁基膦、对甲氧基苯基二戊基膦、对甲氧基苯基二己基膦、对甲氧基苯基二庚基膦、对甲氧基苯基二辛基膦、对甲氧基苯基二环己基膦。
作为上述(二烷氧基芳基)二C1-8烷基膦,可举出2,6-二甲氧基苯基二甲基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二乙基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二丙基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二异丙基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二正丁基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二异丁基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二戊基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二己基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二庚基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二辛基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二环己基膦。
作为上述烷氧基芳基二芳基膦,可举出邻甲氧基苯基二苯基膦、邻甲氧基苯基二(甲苯基)膦、邻甲氧基苯基二(二甲苯基)膦、对甲氧基苯基二苯基膦、对甲氧基苯基二(甲苯基)膦、对甲氧基苯基二(二甲苯基)膦。
作为上述(二烷氧基芳基)二芳基膦,可举出2,6-二甲氧基苯基二苯基膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二(甲苯基)膦、2,6-二甲氧基苯基二(二甲苯基)膦。
作为上述烷氧基芳基二芳烷基膦,可举出邻甲氧基苯基二苄基膦、对甲氧基苯基二苄基膦。
作为上述(二烷氧基芳基)二芳烷基膦,可举出2,6-二甲氧基苯基二苄基膦。
叔膦的使用量相对于工序(a)中使用的硅胶1摩尔,优选为0.001~0.5摩尔,更优选为0.01~0.1摩尔,进一步优选为0.02~0.08摩尔,特别优选为0.025~0.06摩尔。
另外,作为工序(a)中使用的具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物与上述叔膦的使用量的摩尔比〔硅烷化合物/叔膦〕,从催化活性的观点考虑,优选为0.1~15,更优选为0.1~7.5,进一步优选为0.1~1.2,进一步优选为0.2~1.0,进一步优选为0.3~0.9,进一步优选为0.4~0.9,特别优选为0.4~0.8。
另外,优选在溶剂存在下进行工序(b),作为该溶剂,优选烃溶剂。
作为上述烃溶剂,可举出脂肪族烃溶剂、芳香族烃溶剂、脂环式烃溶剂。应予说明,脂肪族烃溶剂可以为正十二烷等正烷烃系溶剂、异十二烷等异烷烃系溶剂中的任一种。这些溶剂可以单独使用1种或者组合使用2种以上。
这些烃溶剂中,从抑制环状碳酸酯合成中的副反应和反应速度的观点考虑,优选芳香族烃溶剂。作为该芳香族烃溶剂,可举出甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯等,更优选二甲苯。二甲苯可以为邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、混合二甲苯中的任一种,可以包含乙苯。
应予说明,也可以将上述工序(a)中使用的溶剂直接作为工序(b)的溶剂,由此不需要溶剂的除去、干燥等步骤,能够更简便地得到显示优异的催化活性的催化剂。
上述溶剂的使用量没有特别限定,相对于叔膦100质量份,通常为100~2000质量份,优选为100~1750质量份,更优选为500~1500质量份。
另外,工序(b)的反应温度没有特别限定,从抑制热引起的催化剂劣化和反应效率的观点考虑,优选为60~160℃,更优选为100~150℃,进一步优选为110~140℃的范围。
另外,工序(b)的反应时间没有特别限定,从使磷含量充分且抑制卤素的脱离量的观点考虑,优选为10~100小时,更优选为15~50小时。
应予说明,上述各工序中,催化剂前体和催化剂的分离根据需要适当地组合过滤、清洗、干燥等通常的方法来进行即可。
另外,作为工序(b)中得到的环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂中的卤素含量与磷含量的摩尔比〔卤素/磷〕,从催化活性和抑制环状碳酸酯合成中的副产物的观点考虑,优选为0.8~1.6,更优选为1.0~1.6。
上述摩尔比〔卤素/磷〕通过在工序(a)中使用二甲苯,容易调整。另外,通过具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物、叔膦的使用量及硅胶的平均细孔直径等,更容易控制。
另外,作为环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂中的卤素含量,从催化活性和抑制环状碳酸酯合成中的副产物的观点考虑,在每1g催化剂中优选为0.25~0.8mmol,更优选为0.3~0.8mmol。
上述卤素含量通过在工序(a)中使用二甲苯,容易调整。另外,通过具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物的使用量及硅胶的平均细孔直径的调整、或者使用上述吸附水分量被调整成1质量%以下的硅胶,更容易控制。
另外,作为环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂中的磷含量,从催化活性的观点考虑,在每1g催化剂中优选为0.25~0.6mmol,更优选为0.3~0.6mmol。
上述磷含量通过在工序(a)中使用二甲苯,容易调整。另外,通过调整叔膦的使用量、使硅胶的平均细孔直径为3.5~25nm的范围,更容易控制。
另外,环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂为多相催化剂(固体催化剂),具有细孔。作为其平均细孔直径,从催化活性的观点考虑,优选为1nm~50nm的范围,更优选为3~20nm的范围,进一步优选为3.5~15nm的范围,进一步优选为5~15nm的范围,进一步优选为6~15nm的范围。
另外,作为环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的比表面积,优选为80~2000m2/g的范围,更优选为100~1000m2/g的范围。
上述卤素、磷的含量、平均细孔直径、比表面积与后述实施例同样地测定即可。
而且,根据本发明的制造方法,即便在硅烷化合物的使用量为少量的情况下、反应时间短的情况下也能够简便且以低成本制造能够以高转化率、高选择率且高收率合成环状碳酸酯并显示优异的催化活性的多相催化剂。另外,使用通过这种制造方法得到的催化剂合成环状碳酸酯时,溴丙醇、溴乙醇这样的副产物的生成也少。
本发明的催化剂作为用于使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应而合成环状碳酸酯的催化剂有用。
<环状碳酸酯的合成方法>
本发明的环状碳酸酯的合成方法是在用上述制造方法得到的催化剂的存在下,使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应。该合成方法除使用上述催化剂以外,其余步骤按照常规方法进行即可。
上述催化剂的使用量适当地调整即可,相对于环氧化物100质量份,通常为0.01~106质量份,优选为0.1~105质量份,更优选为1~104质量份。
另外,作为上述环氧化物,只要是结构式中至少含有1个环氧环(由2个碳原子和1个氧原子构成的3元环)的化合物就没有特别限定,例如可举出环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、1,1-二甲基环氧乙烷、乙烯基环氧乙烷、三氟甲基环氧乙烷、环氧环己烷、氧化苯乙烯、一氧化丁二烯、二氧化丁二烯、2-甲基-3-苯基丁烯氧化物、环氧蒎烷、四氰基环氧乙烷等。
这样的环氧化物中,优选下述式(3)表示的化合物。
〔式(3)中,R6和R7各自独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数1~6的烷基、碳原子数1~6的卤代烷基、碳原子数2~6的烯基、或者碳原子数2~6的卤代烯基。〕
上述R6和R7表示的烷基、卤代烷基的碳原子数优选为1~4。作为该烷基,例如可举出与上述R2相同的烷基。卤代烷基中的卤素原子可举出与上述X相同的卤素原子。
这样的式(3)表示的化合物中,优选环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷。
本发明的环状碳酸酯的合成方法在溶剂存在下和非存在下进行均可。使用溶剂时,除作为目标化合物的环状碳酸酯以外,可以使用戊烷、己烷、庚烷等脂肪族烃类;苯、甲苯等芳香族烃类;甲醇、乙醇等醇类;丙酮、甲乙酮等酮类;二乙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、二烷等醚类;二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺等酰胺类;乙酸乙酯等酯类;三乙基胺、吡啶、甲基哒嗪、N,N’-二甲基哒嗪酮等叔胺类;二丁基硫醚等硫醚类;三丁基膦等膦类等,这些化合物可以单独使用1种或者组合使用2种以上。
另外,从反应效率的观点考虑,本发明的环状碳酸酯的合成方法的反应温度优选为20~160℃,更优选为50~150℃,进一步优选为80~140℃的范围。
另外,反应压力没有特别限定,优选为0.1~100MPa,更优选为0.5~50MPa,进一步优选为1.0~25MPa的范围。
另外,反应时间没有特别限定,通常为0.1~10小时,优选为0.5~5小时。
另外,本发明的环状碳酸酯的合成方法中,作为反应样式,可以采用搅拌式、固定床式等一般使用的方法,另外,可以为分批式、半分批式、连续流通式中的任一种方法。
分批式例如如下进行。向具备搅拌装置的高压釜中投入环氧化物和催化剂后,填充二氧化碳进行密封。其后,边搅拌高压釜内边加热至规定温度,进一步填充二氧化碳,将内压调整为规定压力,反应规定时间后,用所需的方法将生成的环状碳酸酯分离。
连续流通式例如使用图1所示的高压流体送液泵(A、B)、流体混合器(C)、反应管(D)、压力控制装置(E)、温度控制装置(F)等连接而成的流通反应装置(图1),将环氧化物与二氧化碳混合后,在填充有催化剂的反应管内(D)加热,连续进行反应即可。另外使成为属于原料环氧化物和二氧化碳以外的溶剂的物质共存而流通。
应予说明,不特别需要催化剂的预处理,但可以在反应前在20~140℃、优选50~120℃进行真空排气,或者在氦、氩、氮、二氧化碳等非活性气体气流中处理,来提高环状碳酸酯的收率。
另外,根据本发明的环状碳酸酯的合成方法,能够合成上述环氧化物的环氧环被变换成碳酸酯环(具有O-CO-O键的5元环)的环状碳酸酯。作为这样的环状碳酸酯,例如可举出碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸异丁烯酯、三氟甲基碳酸乙烯酯、乙烯基碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸环己烯酯、苯乙烯碳酸酯、丁二烯单碳酸酯、丁二烯二碳酸酯、氯甲基碳酸酯、蒎烯碳酸酯、四氰基碳酸乙烯酯等。
而且,根据这些本发明的环状碳酸酯的合成方法,能够以高转化率、高选择率且高收率合成环状碳酸酯。另外,该合成方法中溴丙醇、2-溴乙醇这样的副产物的生成也少。
实施例
以下,举出实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但本发明不限于这些实施例。应予说明,硅胶的平均细孔直径、比表面积和粒径(或者粒度)为制造厂标称值。
另外,各实施例和比较例中使用的分析方法如下。
(1)催化剂的制造中,溴和磷修饰量的测定采用X射线荧光分析(装置:制品名“System3270”(理学电机工业社制),测定条件:Rh管球,管电压50kV,管电流50mV,真空气氛,检测器:SC、F-PC)。
(2)环状碳酸酯的合成中,反应液的组成分析采用气相色谱。分析条件如下。
装置:制品名“GC-2010Plus”(岛津制作所公司制)
检测器:FID
INJ温度:150℃
DET温度:260℃
样品量:0.3μL
分流比:5
柱:DB-624(60m,0.32mmID,1.8μm,Agilent公司制)
柱温:70℃,3分钟-5℃/分钟-120℃-10℃/分钟-250℃,5分钟(总计31分钟)
制造例1-1:催化剂前体X-1的制造
将珠状硅胶(Fuji Silysia Chemical制CARiACT Q-10(平均细孔直径10nm,粒径1.2~2.4mm,比表面积300m2/g))10g和二甲苯25mL投入具备迪安-斯达克榻分水器的50mL烧瓶中,在140℃回流下,进行2小时二甲苯-水的共沸脱水,除去硅胶中的水分。接下来,从50mL烧瓶中取下迪安-斯达克榻分水器,用氮对烧瓶进行置换后,滴加3-溴丙基三甲氧基硅烷1.1g(4.5mmol,相对于硅胶1g为0.45mmol)。将其直接在135℃加热回流7小时,进行硅烷化反应。
接下来将得到的反应物经过滤而分离,用丙酮进行充分清洗。应予说明,通过气相色谱分析确认了清洗后的液体所含的3-溴丙基三甲氧基硅烷低于50ppm。将得到的反应物放入50mL烧瓶,在120℃进行2小时减压干燥,得到催化剂前体X-1(溴丙基化硅胶)。将分析结果示于表1。
制造例1-2:催化剂前体X-2的制造
将加热时间从7小时变更为26小时,除此之外,按照与制造例1-1同样的步骤制造催化剂前体X-2。将分析结果示于表1。
制造例1-3:催化剂前体X-3的制造
将加热温度从135℃变更为110℃,将加热时间从7小时变更为8小时,除此之外,按照与制造例1-1同样的步骤制造催化剂前体X-3。将分析结果示于表1。
制造例1-4:催化剂前体X-4的制造
将加热时间从8小时变更为26小时,除此之外,按照与制造例1-3同样的步骤制造催化剂前体X-4。将分析结果示于表1。
制造例2-1:催化剂前体T-1的制造
将反应溶剂从二甲苯变更为甲苯,将加热温度从135℃变更为110℃(回流),将加热时间从7小时变更为8小时,除此之外,按照与制造例1-1同样的步骤制造催化剂前体T-1。将分析结果示于表1。
制造例2-2:催化剂前体T-2的制造
将加热时间从8小时变更为26小时,除此之外,按照与制造例2-1同样的步骤制造催化剂前体T-2。将分析结果示于表1。
制造例2-3:催化剂前体T-3的制造
将加热时间从8小时变更为49小时,除此之外,按照与制造例2-1同样的步骤制造催化剂前体T-3。将分析结果示于表1。
制造例2-4:催化剂前体T-4的制造
将3-溴丙基三甲氧基硅烷的滴加量变更为2.4g(9.9mmol,相对于硅胶1g为0.99mmol),除此之外,按照与制造例2-1同样的步骤制造催化剂前体T-4。将分析结果示于表1。
[表1]
如表1所示,通过使用二甲苯作为硅烷化反应的溶剂,即便含有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物的使用量为少量且反应时间短,也能够担载充分量的卤素。使用甲苯作为硅烷化反应的溶剂时,为了以少量的硅烷化合物担载充分量的卤素,需要长时间的反应(制造例2-3),另外,为了以短时间担载充分量的卤素,需要使用比实际担载的卤素量多很多的含有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物(制造例2-4)。
实施例1:催化剂XX-1的制造
将9g制造例1-1中得到的催化剂前体X-1和30mL二甲苯投入50mL烧瓶中,用氮对烧瓶内进行置换后,滴加三正丁基膦1.8g。将其直接在135℃下加热回流24小时,进行季化反应。反应后,经过滤分离反应物,用丙酮充分清洗。应予说明,通过气相色谱分析确认了清洗后的液体所含的三正丁基膦低于50ppm。将得到的反应物放入50mL烧瓶中,在120℃进行2小时减压干燥,得到目标催化剂XX-1(三丁基溴化修饰表面的硅胶)。将分析结果示于表2。
实施例2:XX-2的制造
将催化剂前体X-1变更为催化剂前体X-2,除此之外,按照与实施例1同样的步骤制造催化剂XX-2。将分析结果示于表2。
比较例1和2:催化剂TX-1,TX-3的制造
将催化剂前体X-1分别变更为催化剂前体T-1、T-3,除此之外,按照与实施例1同样的步骤制造催化剂TX-1、TX-3。将分析结果示于表2。
实施例3:碳酸丙烯酯的合成
通过以下的分批式方法进行碳酸丙烯酯的合成,评价催化活性。
向装有搅拌子的50mL的高压釜中投入800mg实施例1中制备的催化剂XX-1,在120℃进行1小时减压干燥。用氮使高压釜返回到大气压、室温后,投入环氧丙烷3.5g(60mmol)。接下来,预填充二氧化碳直至1.5MPa,其后,一边利用转子以1000rpm对高压釜内进行搅拌,一边加热至100℃,进一步填充二氧化碳,将内压调整为3MPa,反应1小时。冷却后,释放出残留的二氧化碳,将高压釜内脱压。将得到的反应液利用气相色谱进行分析。将结果示于表2。
应予说明,作为反应杂质,检测出丙二醇、2-溴丙醇和1-溴-2-丙醇。表2中还一并示出了这些溴丙醇的检测量。
实施例4:碳酸丙烯酯的合成
将催化剂XX-1变更为催化剂XX-2,除此之外,按照与实施例3同样的步骤通过分批式反应合成碳酸丙烯酯,并进行催化活性的评价。将结果示于表2。
比较例3和4:碳酸丙烯酯的合成
将催化剂XX-1变更为催化剂TX-1、TX-3,除此之外,按照与实施例3同样的步骤通过分批式反应合成碳酸丙烯酯,并进行催化活性的评价。将结果示于表2。
[表2]
实施例5:催化剂XX-5的制造
(催化剂前体的制造)
将珠状硅胶(Fuji Silysia Chemical制CARiACT Q-10(平均细孔直径10nm,粒径1.2~2.4mm,比表面积300m2/g))2000g和二甲苯5000mL投入具备迪安-斯达克榻分水器的10L带搅拌叶片的三口烧瓶中,在140℃回流下,进行2小时二甲苯-水的共沸脱水,除去硅胶中的水分。应予说明,此时的二甲苯溶剂中的水分量为14ppm。接下来,取下迪安-斯达克榻分水器,用氮对烧瓶进行置换后,滴加3-溴丙基三甲氧基硅烷219g(0.846mol)。将其直接在135℃加热回流7小时,由此进行硅烷化反应。
接下来将得到的反应物经过滤而分离,用二甲苯进行2次清洗,得到含有二甲苯的催化剂前体X-5(溴丙基化硅胶)3810g。
应予说明,通过气相色谱分析确认了2次清洗后的液体所含的3-溴丙基三甲氧基硅烷低于50ppm。对得到的催化剂前体进行X射线荧光分析而得的Br修饰量测定结果为0.38mmol/g。另外,二甲苯的含有率为57质量%,估算得到的前体大约为2170g。
(催化剂的制造)
将得到的催化剂前体X-5和二甲苯5000mL投入10L带搅拌叶片的三口烧瓶中,用氮对烧瓶内进行置换后,滴加三正丁基膦453g。将其直接在120℃加热25小时,进行季化反应。反应后,经过滤分离反应物,用丙酮进行6次清洗。应予说明,通过气相色谱分析确认了6次清洗后的液体所含的三正丁基膦低于50ppm。将得到的反应物在氮气流下、120℃进行5小时减压干燥,得到目标催化剂XX-5(三丁基溴化修饰表面的硅胶)2328g。将催化剂的分析结果示于表3。
[表3]
实施例6:碳酸乙烯酯的合成
通过以下的分批式方法进行碳酸乙烯酯的合成,并评价催化剂XX-5的催化活性。
向装有搅拌子的50mL的高压釜中投入800mg实施例5中制备的催化剂XX-5,在120℃进行1小时减压干燥。接下来,用氮将高压釜返回到大气压、室温后,投入环氧乙烷2.8g(60mmol)。预填充二氧化碳直至1.5MPa,其后,一边利用转子以1000rpm对高压釜内进行搅拌,一边加热至100℃,进一步填充二氧化碳,将内压调整为5.0MPa,反应1小时。冷却后,释放出残留的二氧化碳,将高压釜内脱压。由于得到的碳酸乙烯酯的熔点为36℃,所以向高压釜中加入丙烯腈溶剂4g,使反应液溶解。将得到的反应液利用气相色谱进行分析,求出环氧乙烷转化率、碳酸乙烯酯选择率、收率和表观一级反应速度系数k。将结果示于表4。
应予说明,表观一级反应速度系数k通过下述式求出。
k=-ln(1-X/100)/t
式中,X为转化率(%),t为反应时间(hr)。
应予说明,气相色谱中,作为反应杂质,检测出乙二醇、二乙二醇、2-溴乙醇。表4中也一并示出了2-溴乙醇的检测量。
实施例7:碳酸乙烯酯的合成
用研钵将催化剂XX-5粉碎,将得到的粉末过筛子以回收粒径为200-400目的粒子后使用,除此之外,按照与实施例6同样的步骤,通过分批式反应合成碳酸乙烯酯并进行催化活性的评价。将结果示于表4。
[表4]
如上述实施例所示,只要使用利用本发明的制造方法得到的催化剂就能够以高转化率和收率合成环状碳酸酯,另外,能够抑制溴丙醇、2-溴乙醇等杂质的生成。
Claims (11)
1.一种制造方法,是用于使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应而合成环状碳酸酯的催化剂的制造方法,包括下述工序a和b,
a使具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物与硅胶在二甲苯存在下反应而得到具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的催化剂前体的工序,
b使工序a中得到的催化剂前体与叔膦反应而得到环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的工序,
所述工序a的反应时间为1~30小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中,具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物的使用量相对于硅胶1摩尔为0.01~0.1摩尔。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中,工序a的反应温度为50~160℃。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制造方法,其中,工序a的反应温度为50~160℃。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的制造方法,其中,在烃溶剂存在下进行工序b。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制造方法,其中,烃溶剂为二甲苯。
7.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的制造方法,其中,工序a中使用的硅胶的吸附水分量为1质量%以下。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制造方法,其中,工序a中使用的硅胶的吸附水分量为1质量%以下。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制造方法,其中,工序a中使用的硅胶的吸附水分量为1质量%以下。
10.一种环状碳酸酯的合成方法,其中,包括以下工序:
包括下述工序a和下述工序b的制备环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的工序,
在所述催化剂制备工序中得到的催化剂的存在下使环氧化物与二氧化碳反应的工序,
a使具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的硅烷化合物与硅胶在二甲苯存在下反应而得到具有卤代烷基或者卤代芳基的催化剂前体的工序,
b使工序a中得到的催化剂前体与叔膦反应而得到环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的工序,
所述工序a的反应时间为1~30小时。
11.根据权利要求10所述的合成方法,其中,环氧化物为选自环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷中的1种以上。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013090239 | 2013-04-23 | ||
JP2013-090239 | 2013-04-23 | ||
PCT/JP2014/061279 WO2014175263A1 (ja) | 2013-04-23 | 2014-04-22 | 環状カーボネート合成用触媒の製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105163853A CN105163853A (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
CN105163853B true CN105163853B (zh) | 2018-06-12 |
Family
ID=51791835
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201480023001.6A Active CN105163853B (zh) | 2013-04-23 | 2014-04-22 | 环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的制造方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10011621B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2990112B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6371277B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102156460B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105163853B (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2782948T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI618702B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014175263A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI634949B (zh) * | 2013-04-23 | 2018-09-11 | 獨立行政法人產業技術綜合研究所 | Method for producing catalyst for cyclic carbonate synthesis |
CN113426440B (zh) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-01-20 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 一种环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的预处理方法及其应用 |
CN115155656B (zh) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-07-11 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于合成环状碳酸酯的催化剂及环状碳酸酯的合成方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4314945A (en) | 1977-12-22 | 1982-02-09 | Union Carbide Corporation | Alkylene carbonate process |
JPS5822448B2 (ja) | 1979-05-02 | 1983-05-09 | 昭和電工株式会社 | アルキレングリコ−ルの製造方法 |
JPS6317072A (ja) | 1986-07-08 | 1988-01-25 | Sharp Corp | 熱転写プリンタにおける印字消去方法 |
US20080214386A1 (en) | 2004-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | Toshikazu Takahashi | Catalyst for Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis |
JP4930992B2 (ja) | 2004-03-04 | 2012-05-16 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 環状カーボネート製造用触媒 |
JP4670014B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-10 | 2011-04-13 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 環状カーボネート合成用触媒 |
JP4984139B2 (ja) | 2007-05-29 | 2012-07-25 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | 環状炭酸エステルの合成のための固定化触媒に用いる触媒架橋剤の製造方法、及びその固定化触媒の製造方法、及びその固定化触媒に用いる触媒架橋剤、及びその固定化触媒 |
CN101318949B (zh) | 2008-07-23 | 2012-05-23 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种固载离子液体催化剂催化合成环状碳酸酯的方法 |
US9416093B2 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2016-08-16 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Supported quaternary phosphonium catalyst, preparation and use thereof |
TWI634949B (zh) * | 2013-04-23 | 2018-09-11 | 獨立行政法人產業技術綜合研究所 | Method for producing catalyst for cyclic carbonate synthesis |
TWI623525B (zh) * | 2013-07-19 | 2018-05-11 | Maruzen Petrochemical Co Ltd | Continuous manufacturing method of cyclic carbonate |
TWI636980B (zh) * | 2013-07-19 | 2018-10-01 | 獨立行政法人產業技術綜合研究所 | Method for producing cyclic carbonate |
-
2014
- 2014-04-22 EP EP14788563.6A patent/EP2990112B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-22 WO PCT/JP2014/061279 patent/WO2014175263A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-04-22 KR KR1020157030128A patent/KR102156460B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-04-22 ES ES14788563T patent/ES2782948T3/es active Active
- 2014-04-22 CN CN201480023001.6A patent/CN105163853B/zh active Active
- 2014-04-22 US US14/786,455 patent/US10011621B2/en active Active
- 2014-04-22 JP JP2015513769A patent/JP6371277B2/ja active Active
- 2014-04-23 TW TW103114736A patent/TWI618702B/zh active
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Highly active and robust organic–inorganic hybrid catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides;Takashi Sakai等;《Green Chem》;20080214(第10期);1-10 * |
Synthesis, catalyst activity, and behavior of phase-transfer catalyst supported on silica gel. strong influence of substrate adsorption on the polar polymeric matrix on the efficiency of the immobilized phosphonium salts;P. tundo et al.;《Jouranl of the American Chemical Society》;19791024;第101卷(第22期);第6606-6613页 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR102156460B1 (ko) | 2020-09-15 |
CN105163853A (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
TWI618702B (zh) | 2018-03-21 |
JP6371277B2 (ja) | 2018-08-08 |
EP2990112B1 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
US20160108071A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
KR20160003665A (ko) | 2016-01-11 |
US10011621B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
ES2782948T3 (es) | 2020-09-16 |
JPWO2014175263A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
WO2014175263A1 (ja) | 2014-10-30 |
TW201500352A (zh) | 2015-01-01 |
EP2990112A1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
EP2990112A4 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105163854A (zh) | 环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的制造方法 | |
Zhou et al. | Functionalized IRMOF-3 as efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates | |
CN105377828B (zh) | 环状碳酸酯的制造方法 | |
KR102239682B1 (ko) | 고리형 카보네이트의 연속적 제조 방법 | |
CN105163853B (zh) | 环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的制造方法 | |
CN105121013A (zh) | 环状碳酸酯合成用催化剂的制造方法 | |
Skarżyńska et al. | Palladium complexes with hydrophosphorane ligands (HP∼ O and HP∼ N), catalysts for Heck cross-coupling reactions | |
Schmitkamp et al. | NOBIN-based phosphoramidite and phosphorodiamidite ligands and their use in asymmetric nickel-catalysed hydrovinylation | |
Bagherzadeh et al. | Synthesis, structural characterization and application of a 2D coordination polymer of Mn-terephthalate as a heterogeneous catalyst for olefin oxidation | |
JP6967775B2 (ja) | アリル化合物のヒドロシリル化による有機ケイ素化合物の製造方法 | |
Yue et al. | Synthesis, structure, and catalytic application of a new (3-methoxy-N-salicylidene) aniline—derived Schiff base complex of methyltrioxorhenium | |
Iwamoto et al. | Asymmetric Synthesis of Strained cis-Silyl-Boryl-Cyclopropanes by a Cu (I)-Catalyzed Borylative Cyclization of Silyl-Substituted Allyl Electrophiles |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |