CN105150640A - 抗静电装饰板及制备方法 - Google Patents

抗静电装饰板及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105150640A
CN105150640A CN201510519331.0A CN201510519331A CN105150640A CN 105150640 A CN105150640 A CN 105150640A CN 201510519331 A CN201510519331 A CN 201510519331A CN 105150640 A CN105150640 A CN 105150640A
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孙学民
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗静电装饰板及制备方法，其芯板由以下原料按重量百分比组成，纤维40～50%、酚酫树脂35～45%、抗静电剂3～8%、炭黑5～10%、偶联剂1～3%；装饰纸表面涂布有抗静电剂。制备该装饰板时，通过在芯板及其两面的装饰纸中分别加入抗静电剂，形成内部和表面共同作用的立体抗静电效果，获得了抗静电、高密度等优良性能，可广泛适用于对建筑装饰材料要求抗静电的特殊行业或场所，其表面及立体抗静电性能持久、不易消退，炭黑本身具有导电性能。此外，本发明改变了传统装饰板用纸做的特性，采用纤维而取代牛皮纸，达到降低成本的目的。

Description

抗静电装饰板及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及抗静电装饰板及制备方法，尤其是一种抗静电康倍特板及制备方法。
背景技术
康贝特板作为一种装饰板，是在高温高压下经溶解及不可逆时效硬化产生的一体成型装饰材料。此种板材质稳定性高、防震防摔、耐寒耐热且有耐火防潮及耐烟烧特性，其密度多在1.4～1.5g/cm3之间。所述装饰板的应用范围极为广泛，上至航天工业下至平民日用品，家居生活中的厨具台面、盥洗台面、餐桌、书桌、门扇，乃至公共场所的浴厕隔间、洗手台、接待柜台、置物柜、天花板、办公桌和办公隔间等，皆可采用装饰板制作。
机房、电子设备等区域，静电危害比较大，静电产生容易造成设备损坏、引发火灾，引起电子设备故障或误动作、造成电磁干扰、击穿集成电路和精密电子元件，或者加速元件老化，降低生产成品率，高压静电放电还会形成电击危及人身安全，在易燃易爆品或粉尘、油雾多的生产场所极易引起爆炸和火灾。此外，长期暴露在静电辐射下，会使人焦躁不安、头痛、胸闷、呼吸困难、咳嗽。因此，在电子产品随处可见的今天，有效地抗静电显得特别重要。
一般抗静电板表面电阻是107～109欧姆，仅是很薄的一层，需要粘附在其它复合材料上，使用麻烦、成本高，而且防火耐水难以满足生活要求；重要设施如飞机、宇宙飞船等，单纯表面抗静电已经无法满足正常运行的安全需求。在不改变现有装饰板高密度等优良性能的前提下，传统工艺很难使其达到抗静电级别（即表面立体电阻103～106欧姆），虽然有的表面电阻可以达标，然而体电阻又不行，这成为突破现有技术的难点。因而，迫切需要研制表面和立体全部抗静电的优良板材。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种表面及立体电阻较小且持久不易消褪、生产成本较低的抗静电装饰板及制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：抗静电装饰板，包括芯板和芯板两面的装饰纸，芯板由以下原料按重量百分比组成，纤维40～50%、酚酫树脂35～45%、抗静电剂3～8%、炭黑5～10%、偶联剂1～3%；装饰纸表面涂布有抗静电剂。
装饰纸由含抗静电剂的三聚氰胺树脂液浸渍而成。
炭黑颗粒直径小于或等于纤维颗粒的宽度。炭黑必须是惰性的，需要在高温高压下不分解、不氧化、抗燃烧且不吸温的无机物。炭黑颗粒及抗静电剂在树脂与偶联剂的作用下，通过渗透纤维，覆盖在纤维表面，使纤维颗粒处于惰性状态，如果颗粒直径过大，炭黑颗粒就不能渗透纤维及完全覆盖纤维表面；炭黑颗粒直径小于或等于纤维颗粒的宽度，才能渗透均匀，压制出来装饰板侧面黑度合适而且体电阻稳定。
纤维颗粒长度5～10mm、宽度0.01～0.5mm，炭黑颗粒直径为0.01～0.3mm。
炭黑颗粒直径为0.01～0.1mm。
抗静电剂选自季胺盐、磷酸盐、硫化物、硫酸盐、十八烷基二甲基羟乙基季铵硝酸
盐、丁二酸二异辛脂磺酸钙上-603中的一种或几种。
偶联剂为KH-570，系一种有机官能团硅烷偶联剂，对于提高玻纤增强和含无机填料的热固性树脂能提高它们的机械电气性能，其对应国外牌号为美国联碳公司A-174、美国道康宁公司Z-603、日本信越公司KBM-503，其化学名称γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
上述抗静电装饰板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按比例称取原料备用，其中炭黑颗粒直径小于或等于纤维颗粒的宽度；
（2）将抗静电剂按重量比2:2:6分成a、b、c三份，a份和b份抗静电剂分别加入炭黑和纤维中，然后强风作用下将炭黑和纤维两者混合均匀、160℃烘干，混合物备用；将偶联剂和余量的抗静电剂加入酚醛树脂中，混合均匀并加热到40℃～50℃制成胶粘剂，冷却
至室温；
（3）将步骤（2）制得的胶粘剂喷射加入到步骤（2）制得的混合物中，混合均匀、再
70℃～100℃烘干，混合物备用；
（4）将步骤（3）制得的混合物在热压机上机械铺装，预压热压后制成芯板；
（5）在芯板的两面贴上涂布有抗静电剂的装饰纸后进行压制，即得。
步骤（4）中预压温度20～50℃、压力2.5～4MPA、时间20～30秒，热压温度150～180℃，最大压力4～5MPA且压力逐渐递减为零，时间20～30秒；步骤（5）中压制温度130～160度、压力8～10MPA、时间90～150分钟。
涂布有抗静电剂的装饰纸由含抗静电剂的三聚氰胺树脂液浸渍而成；三聚氰胺树脂液按三聚氰胺树脂850KG、柔韧剂70KG、抗静电剂50KG、光稳定剂30KG混合均匀制成；柔韧剂是二乙二醇，抗静电剂是硫化钠,光稳定剂是光稳定剂292。
本发明的抗静电装饰板通过在芯板及其两面的装饰纸中分别加入抗静电剂，形成内部和表面共同作用的立体抗静电效果。研究表明本发明的装饰板产品符合GB/T7911-1999标准，具有抗静电、强度高、粘结力强、抗紫外线的特点，产品密度在1.45g/cm2左右，在不改变装饰板高密度等优良性能的前提下，抗静电性能达到LY/T1330-2011104～106欧姆级别，使用更安全，可满足特殊行业或场所（如航天、机房、电力、纺织等）对建筑装饰材料抗静电的要求，且表面及立体抗静电性能持久、不易消退，炭黑本身具有导电性能。此外，本发明改变了传统装饰板用纸做的特性，采用纤维而取代牛皮纸，达到降低成本的目的。
具体实施方式
实施例1
（1）按以下重量百分比称取原料备用，纤维45%、酚酫树脂40%、抗静电剂（十八烷基二甲基羟乙基季铵硝酸钠与磷酸钠按重量比5:5的混合物）5%、炭黑8%、偶联剂（KH-570）2%；其中纤维采用树技树杈为原料，经水洗，热磨制成，纤维颗粒长度5～10mm、宽度0.01～0.3mm，炭黑颗粒直径为0.01～0.1mm；
（2）将抗静电剂按重量比2:2:6分成a、b、c三份，a份和b份抗静电剂分别加入炭黑和纤维中，然后强风作用下将炭黑和纤维两者混合均匀、160℃烘干，混合物备用；将偶联剂和余量的抗静电剂加入酚醛树脂中，混合均匀并加热到40℃～50℃制成胶粘剂，冷却至室温；
（3）将步骤（2）制得的胶粘剂利用喷胶机器高压喷射（喷胶压力为7mpa）加入到步骤（2）制得的混合物中，混合均匀、再70℃烘干，混合物备用；在喷完胶粘剂后烘干温度不能太高，不得超过100℃，一是要保证接触时间，二是要防止胶粘剂提前固化。
（4）将步骤（3）制得的混合物在热压机上机械铺装（不能真空以免不均匀），预压热压后制成芯板；预压温度20～50℃、压力3MPA、时间30秒，热压温度170～180℃，最大压力4MPA且压力逐渐递减为零，时间30秒；
（5）在芯板的两面贴上涂布有抗静电剂的装饰纸后进行压制，压制温度130～150度、压力9MPA、时间130分钟，即得。
涂布有抗静电剂的装饰纸由含抗静电剂的三聚氰胺树脂液浸渍而成；按1000KG计算，称取三聚氰胺树脂850KG、柔韧剂（二乙二醇）70KG、抗静电剂（硫化钠）50KG、光稳定剂（光稳定剂292）30KG混合均匀制成三聚氰胺树脂液，将装饰纸浸渍上述树脂液，烘干剪切，即得。
实施例2
（1）按以下重量百分比称取原料备用，纤维40%、酚酫树脂45%、抗静电剂（硫化钠与季胺盐（四丁基氟化氨）按重量比5:5混合物）4%、炭黑8%、偶联剂（KH-570）3%；其中纤维采用树技树杈为原料，经水洗，热磨制成，纤维颗粒长度5～10mm、宽度0.01～0.5mm，炭黑颗粒直径为0.01～0.3mm；
（2）将抗静电剂按重量比2:2:6分成a、b、c三份，a份和b份抗静电剂分别加入炭黑和纤维中，然后强风作用下将炭黑和纤维两者混合均匀、160℃烘干，混合物备用；将偶联剂和余量的抗静电剂加入酚醛树脂中，混合均匀并加热到40℃～50℃制成胶粘剂，冷却至室温；
（3）将步骤（2）制得的胶粘剂利用喷胶机器高压喷射（喷胶压力为7mpa）加入到步骤（2）制得的混合物中，混合均匀、再80℃烘干，混合物备用；在喷完胶粘剂后烘干温度不能太高，不得超过100℃，一是要保证接触时间，二是要防止胶粘剂提前固化。
（4）将步骤（3）制得的混合物在热压机上机械铺装（不能真空以免不均匀），预压热压后制成芯板；预压温度40～50℃、压力3MPA、时间20秒，热压温度150～170℃，最大压力5MPA且压力逐渐递减为零，时间20秒；
（5）在芯板的两面贴上涂布有抗静电剂的装饰纸后进行压制，压制温度140～160度、压力9MPA、时间90分钟，即得。
涂布有抗静电剂的装饰纸由含抗静电剂的三聚氰胺树脂液浸渍而成；按1000KG计算，称取三聚氰胺树脂850KG、柔韧剂（二乙二醇）70KG、抗静电剂（硫化钠）50KG、光稳定剂（光稳定剂292）30KG混合均匀制成三聚氰胺树脂液，将装饰纸浸渍上述树脂液，烘干剪切，即得。
实施例3
（1）按以下重量百分比称取原料备用，纤维50%、酚酫树脂35%、抗静电剂（丁二酸二异辛脂磺酸钙上-603与硫酸钠按重量比5:5的混合物）8%、炭黑5.5%、偶联剂（KH-570）1.5%；其中纤维采用树技树杈为原料，经水洗，热磨制成，纤维颗粒长度5～10mm、宽度0.01～0.5mm，炭黑颗粒直径为0.01～0.3mm；
（2）将抗静电剂按重量比2:2:6分成a、b、c三份，a份和b份抗静电剂分别加入炭黑和纤维中，然后强风作用下将炭黑和纤维两者混合均匀、160℃烘干，混合物备用；将偶联剂和余量的抗静电剂加入酚醛树脂中，混合均匀并加热到45℃～50℃制成胶粘剂，冷却至室温；
（3）将步骤（2）制得的胶粘剂利用喷胶机器高压喷射（喷胶压力为7mpa）加入到步骤（2）制得的混合物中，混合均匀、再80℃烘干，混合物备用；在喷完胶粘剂后烘干温度不能太高，不得超过100℃，一是要保证接触时间，二是要防止胶粘剂提前固化。
（4）将步骤（3）制得的混合物在热压机上机械铺装（不能真空以免不均匀），预压热后制成芯板；预压温度20～50℃、压力3.5MPA、时间30秒，热压温度170～180℃，最大压力5MPA且压力逐渐递减为零，时间30秒；
（5）在芯板的两面贴上涂布有抗静电剂的装饰纸后进行压制，压制温度130～150度、压力9.5MPA、时间130分钟，即得。
涂布有抗静电剂的装饰纸由含抗静电剂的三聚氰胺树脂液浸渍而成；按1000KG计算，称取三聚氰胺树脂850KG、柔韧剂（二乙二醇）70KG、抗静电剂（硫化钠）50KG、光稳定剂（光稳定剂292）30KG混合均匀制成三聚氰胺树脂液，将装饰纸浸渍上述树脂液，烘干剪切，即得。
按SJ/T11236-2001及GB/T7911-1999标准测定实施例1至3及市售的一种装饰板（市售产品1）和一种复合抗静电板（市售产品2，与密度板复合）的有关性能，结果如表1所示。
表1本发明抗静电装饰板与市售产品性能检测结果

Claims (1)

1.一种抗静电装饰板的制备方法，抗静电装饰板包括芯板和芯板两面的装饰纸，其特征在于：所述芯板由以下原料按重量百分比组成，纤维40～50%、酚酫树脂35～45%、抗静电剂3～8%、炭黑5～10%、偶联剂1～3%；所述装饰纸表面涂布有抗静电剂；
所述装饰纸由含抗静电剂的三聚氰胺树脂液浸渍而成；
所述的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）按比例称取原料备用，其中炭黑颗粒直径小于或等于纤维颗粒的宽度；
（2）将抗静电剂按重量比2:2:6分成a、b、c三份，a份和b份抗静电剂分别加入炭黑和纤维中，然后强风作用下将炭黑和纤维两者混合均匀、160℃烘干，混合物备用；将偶联剂和余量的抗静电剂加入酚醛树脂中，混合均匀并加热到40℃～50℃制成胶粘剂，冷却至室温；
（3）将步骤（2）制得的胶粘剂喷射加入到步骤（2）制得的混合物中，混合均匀、再70℃～100℃烘干，混合物备用；
（4）将步骤（3）制得的混合物在热压机上机械铺装，预压热压后制成芯板；
（5）在芯板的两面贴上涂布有抗静电剂的装饰纸后进行压制，即得。
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