CN105143542B - 单独化的短韧皮纤维的非织造织物及由其制造的产品 - Google Patents
单独化的短韧皮纤维的非织造织物及由其制造的产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105143542B CN105143542B CN201480015306.2A CN201480015306A CN105143542B CN 105143542 B CN105143542 B CN 105143542B CN 201480015306 A CN201480015306 A CN 201480015306A CN 105143542 B CN105143542 B CN 105143542B
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Abstract
根据本发明的非织造织物主要由基本不合果胶且平均长度小于6毫米的单独化的韧皮纤维形成。非织造织物可包含短纤维和/或浆纤维。单独化的韧皮纤维包括来源于亚麻和大麻植物的纤维。非织造织物在干燥状态下形成网并随后结合以产生非织造织物。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年3月15日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号61/793,448的权益,其通过引用整体并入本文。
发明领域
本发明一般性地涉及非织造织物。更具体地,本发明涉及主要包含单独化的韧皮纤维的非织造织物。
发明背景
用于生产织造纺织品和非织造纺织品的纤维分为两大类:人造的和天然的。通常的人造纤维包括例如聚酯、尼龙和聚丙烯。将这样的热塑性聚合物熔纺成长丝,所述长丝可如美国专利No.2,689,199(其通过引用整体并入本文)所述直接空气成形为非织造纺织品;或者切割成长度有限的纤维(通常称为“短纤维”),进而可形成用于编造纺织品或针织纺织品的线和纱。此外,短纤维可直接形成无规取向纤维网并随后通过多种方式结合在一起以形成非织造织物。这样的短纤维在用于非织造网时一般是扭结的。
最广为人知的天然纤维是棉、毛和丝。毛和丝专用于织造纺织品。棉是织造纺织品的主要纤维,但是其在非织造纺织品中也有较少应用。对于现代非织造织物生产而言,棉的使用受限,因为当用非织造生产线的典型的高速梳理进行加工时其倾向于形成纤维束。
木浆是最通常的天然纤维之一并且主要用于造纸业。然而,当与人造长丝或短纤维和水刺网结合工艺组合时,木浆在非织造纺织品工业中是重要的存在。参见,例如,美国专利No.4,442,161和5,284,703,二者通过引用整体并入本文。木浆在织造纺织品工业中不直接出现。而是,纤维素——构成木浆纤维和其他植物物质的天然聚合物——形成人造类长丝,称为例如人造丝(rayon,有时称为粘胶viscose)、及其衍生物。这样的人造纤维素纤维被用于织造纺织品和非织造纺织品两者。这样的聚合物纤维通过化学溶解纤维素物质并由纤维素溶液纺成长丝来形成。为了用于干法成形网,通常将人造纤维素纤维卷曲并切成短纤维。湿法成形网不需要纤维卷曲。
天然纤维的另一个主要类别是韧皮纤维。韧皮纤维存在于亚麻、大麻、黄麻、苎麻、荨麻、西班牙金雀花和洋麻植物等的茎中。通常,天然态韧皮纤维的长度为1米至4米。这些长的天然态纤维包含单独的纤维的束,所述单独的纤维是直的并且长度为20毫米至100毫米(mm)。成束的单独的纤维通过一类称为果胶(pectin)的植物树脂胶合在一起。
对于织造纺织品和绳索,韧皮纤维已使用了至少8,000年。然而,这样的纺织品和绳索仅由天然态韧皮纤维束形成。用亚麻韧皮纤维束生产的织造纺织品的实例是亚麻布。最近,如美国专利No.7,481,843中所提供的,生产了经部分分离的韧皮纤维以形成用于织造纺织品的纱和线。然而,纱和线不适于非织造织物。
天然短纤维和人造短纤维的非织造网成形方法包括湿法成形。湿法成形类似于造纸方法,不同之处在于形成水重量与纤维重量的比率比用木浆进行常规造纸的比率高得多。湿法成形方法提供了通常为6mm至10mm长的短纤维和通常为2mm至4mm长的木浆纤维。然而,市场上目前并不能获得包含平均长度小于6mm的基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维的非织造网。
因此,需要采用长度小于6mm的天然纤维的非织造织物。本发明旨在解决这一问题。
发明内容
根据本发明,本文描述了包含平均长度小于6(mm)的基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维的非织造织物。在一个方面中,非织造织物包含平均长度为约4mm的基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维。另外,在另一个方面中,非织造织物包含平均长度小于3mm的基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维。通常,非织造织物包含单独花的韧皮纤维作为大部分。非织造之物可包括人造纤维,如基于石油的纤维素纤维和重构纤维素纤维;和/或基于织物的浆纤维,如木浆纤维。韧皮纤维提取自亚麻、大麻、黄麻、苎麻、荨麻、西班牙金雀花、亚麻植物,但不限于此。本发明的非织造织物可以采用来源于上述织物之一或其任意组合的韧皮纤维。
本发明中采用的单独化的韧皮纤维通常是直的并且基本不含果胶。然而,常规的“单独化的”韧皮纤维可仅经历机械单独化,而不经历大幅度移除果胶内容物所需的化学单独化。酶单独化是化学单独化的非限制性实例。例如,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于10%,所述天然纤维是所述基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于15%,所述天然纤维是所述基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。还有,在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于20%,所述天然纤维是所述基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。甚至在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于0.1%,按重量计小于0.15%或按重量计小于0.20%,所述天然纤维是所述基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。
通常,根据特定韧皮纤维的特征以及植物茎在化学加工之前,或者在化学加工之后对韧皮纤维进行机械切割或切削之前的切割长度,本发明单独化的韧皮纤维的平均长度在约4mm至小于6mm的范围中。此外,可在化学加工之后将韧皮纤维切割成小于6mm的长度。
在一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的平均长度小于6mm。在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的平均长度小于约4mm。另外,在另一个方面中,非织造织物包含平均长度小于3mm的基本不含果胶的单独化韧皮纤维。
非织造织物还可包含来源于一种或更多种来源的短纤维。短纤维包括但不限于纤维素纤维和热塑性纤维。纤维素短纤维的实例包括人造丝。热塑性纤维包括非织造工业中使用的常规聚合物纤维。这样的纤维由包括但不限于以下的聚合物形成:聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;尼龙;聚酰胺;聚丙烯;聚烯烃如聚丙烯或聚乙烯;聚酯、尼龙、聚酰胺或聚烯烃中两种或更多种的共混物;聚酯、尼龙、聚酰胺或聚烯烃中任意两种的双组分复合物;等等。当使用热塑性纤维时,可使非织造织物热结合以向非织造织物的至少一个表面施用图案。双组分复合纤维的实例包括但不限于具有一种聚合物的芯和包含不同于芯聚合物的聚合物的鞘的纤维,所述鞘完全地、基本地或部分地包围所述芯。
非织造织物可大部分由纤维形成,所述纤维包括单独的韧皮纤维,所述单独的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为作为所述单独的韧皮纤维来源的天然成束韧皮纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于10%。在另一个方面中,单独的韧皮纤维包含的果胶含量为天然成束韧皮纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于20%。
制造包含基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维(平均长度小于6mm)的非织造织物的方法包括:化学处理由果胶成束的天然纤维以基本移除果胶并形成基本单独化的纤维。所述方法包括切割、切削或通过其他手段使平均纤维长度减小至小于6mm。使基本单独化的纤维干法成网(或气流成网)以形成无规排列的纤维网(即,在干燥状态下形成非结合网),然后结合以形成非织造织物。在一个方面中,所述网通过采用水刺的方法结合。此外,水刺网可以用水性粘合剂处理并且暴露于热以粘合并干燥网。另外,干燥网可以通过机械针刺和/或使加热空气流经过网来结合。或者,干燥网可通过将向非结合网施用水性粘合剂并将网暴露于热来结合。在另一个方面中,所述网通过气流成网方法形成。在另一个方面中,所述网可以通过复合成网(coforming)工艺形成。另外,在另一个方面中,所述网可以通过带状起绉(belt-creped)工艺形成。
应理解,本文所采用的词汇和术语是为了描述的目的,而不应被认为是限制性的。因此,本领域技术人员应理解,本公开内容所基于的概念可容易地被用作设计用于执行本发明的其他结构、方法和系统的基础。因此,重要的是,应认为权利要求包括这样的等价构造,只要其不偏离本发明的精神和范围。
发明详述
本文描述了非织造织物,其包含平均长度小于6(mm)的基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维。在另一个方面中,非织造织物包含平均长度为约4mm的基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维。通常,非织造织物包含单独花的韧皮纤维作为大部分。非织造纤维可包括人造纤维,如基于石油的纤维素纤维和重构纤维素纤维;和/或基于织物的浆纤维,如木浆纤维。在木浆纤维中,可以使用任何已知的造纸纤维,包括软木纤维和硬木纤维。例如,纤维可以是经化学制浆的、机械制浆的、漂白的或未漂白的、原始的或再循环的、高产率或低产率的等。还可以使用经丝光处理的、化学加强的或交联的纤维。韧皮纤维提取自亚麻、大麻、黄麻、苎麻、荨麻、西班牙金雀花、亚麻植物,但不限于此。本发明的非织造织物可以采用来源于上述织物之一或其任意组合的韧皮纤维。
本发明中采用的单独化的韧皮纤维通常是直的并且基本不含果胶。然而,常规的“单独化的”韧皮纤维可仅经历机械单独化,而不经历大幅度移除果胶内容物所需的化学单独化。酶单独化是化学单独化的非限制性实例。例如,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于10%,所述天然纤维是所述基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于15%,所述天然纤维是所述基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。还有,在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于20%,所述天然纤维是所述基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。甚至在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于0.1%,按重量计小于0.15%或按重量计小于0.20%,所述天然纤维是所述基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。
通常,根据特定韧皮纤维的特征以及植物茎在化学加工之前的切割长度,本发明单独化的韧皮纤维的平均长度在约4mm至小于6mm的范围中。韧皮纤维也可在化学加工后(单独化后)进行切割或切削。在一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的平均长度为至少6mm。在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的平均长度为约4mm。
非织造织物还可包含来源于一种或更多种来源的短纤维。短纤维包括但不限于纤维素纤维和热塑性纤维。纤维素短纤维的实例包括人造丝。热塑性纤维包括非织造工业中使用的常规聚合物纤维。这样的纤维由包括但不限于以下的聚合物形成:聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;尼龙;聚酰胺;聚丙烯;聚烯烃如聚丙烯或聚乙烯;聚酯、尼龙、聚酰胺或聚烯烃中两种或更多种的共混物;聚酯、尼龙、聚酰胺或聚烯烃中任意两种的双组分复合物;等等。当使用热塑性纤维时,可使非织造织物热结合以向非织造织物的至少一个表面施用图案。双组分复合纤维的实例包括但不限于具有一种聚合物的芯和包含不同于芯聚合物的聚合物的鞘的纤维,所述鞘完全地、基本地或部分地包围所述芯。
非织造织物可大部分由纤维形成,所述纤维包括单独的韧皮纤维,所述单独的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为作为所述单独的韧皮纤维来源的天然成束韧皮纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于10%。在另一个方面中,单独的韧皮纤维包含的果胶含量为天然成束韧皮纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于20%。
在一个方面中,非织造织物包含约75%至约90%的韧皮纤维和约10%至约25%的热塑性纤维。在另一个方面中,非织造织物包含约75%至约90%的韧皮纤维和约10%至约25%的木浆纤维。还有,在另一个方面中,非织造织物包含约60%至约80%的韧皮纤维和约20%至约40%的热塑性连续纤维。
制造包含基本不含果胶的单独化的纤维(平均长度小于6mm)的非织造织物的方法包括:化学处理由果胶成束的天然纤维以基本移除果胶并形成基本单独化的纤维。使基本单独化的纤维干法成网以形成无规排列的纤维网(即,在干燥状态下形成非结合网),然后结合以形成非织造织物。在一个方面中,所述网通过采用水刺的方法结合。此外,水刺网可以用水性粘合剂处理并且暴露于热以粘合并干燥网。另外,干燥网可以通过机械针刺和/或使加热空气流经过网来结合。或者,干燥网可通过将向非结合网施用水性粘合剂并将网暴露于热来结合。在另一个方面中,所述网通过气流成网方法形成。在另一个方面中,所述网可以通过复合成网方法形成。另外,在另一个方面中,所述网可以通过带状起绉工艺形成。
如本文所用的术语“基于植物的纤维”意指相比于由纤维素形成的人造纤维,由植物产生并从植物中提取的纤维。如本文所用的术语“非织造”意指具有单独的纤维或线的结构的网或织物,所述单独的纤维或线是无规交叠的,而不是以如针织织物或编织织物的情况下的可识别方式交叠。合适的非织造织物或网的实例包括但不限于熔喷网、纺粘网、结合梳理网、气流成网、复合成网、水刺网等。
单独化的韧皮纤维通常是直的并且基本不含果胶。例如,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于10%,所述天然纤维是基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于15%,所述天然纤维是基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。还有,在另一个方面中,单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于20%,所述天然纤维是基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。
如上所述,在一个方面中,根据本发明的非织造织物包含纤维内容物作为大部分,所述纤维内容物为单独化的韧皮纤维。对天然成束韧皮纤维进行化学处理以移除将束保持在一起的果胶并将天然纤维分离成单独的韧皮纤维。果胶充当使单独的韧皮纤维保持成束的天然胶。通过移除果胶并分离单独的韧皮纤维,单独化的韧皮纤维可在干燥状态(参见实施例1)或湿润状态(参见实施例2)下形成网,随后通过合适方式结合以形成非织造纺织物。
形成非织造织物的水刺,也称为水刺法(spunlacing),在本领域中是公知的。水刺工艺的非限制性实例在加拿大专利No.841,938、美国专利No.3,485,706和美国专利No.5,958,186中进行了描述。美国专利No.3,485,706和5,958,186分别整体并入本文。水刺包括形成干法成网或湿法成网的纤维网,然后通过在高压下采用非常细的喷水流(water jet)使纤维缠绕。例如,多排喷水流朝向设置在移动支持物如线(网丝)上的纤维网。然后干燥缠绕的网。除了本文所述的基本单独化的韧皮纤维之外,还可以将短纤维和/或基于织物的浆纤维与韧皮纤维混合以形成非织造织物。根据本发明的非织造纤维可由基本单独化的韧皮纤维、单独化的韧皮纤维和短纤维;韧皮纤维和浆纤维;以及韧皮纤维、短纤维和浆纤维形成。通常,当网中存在短纤维和浆纤维时,韧皮纤维构成非织造织物的大部分。
在经干法成网形成纤维网之后,使纤维网经受能量通量为约23,000英尺磅/平方英寸/秒或更高的水刺,但是本领域技术人员应认识到,期望的能量通量将屈居于多个因素。水刺使用常规技术和由机器制造商供应的仪器来进行。在水刺之后,对材料进行压制并干燥,任选地缠绕到辊上。然后以已知方式将准备好的材料转化为合适格式并进行包装。
另一种通常的干法成网工艺是气流成网或气流成形。该方法仅使用空气流、重力和向心力来使纤维流沉积到移动的成形线上,所述移动的成形线将纤维网传送至网结合工艺。PCT国际公开No.WO 03/099886以及美国专利4,014,635和4,640,810中描述了气流成网方法,其都通过引用整体并入本文。气流成网方法在形成短纤维(例如,通常小于6mm长)的均匀网方面是有效的,其具有低的纤维与纤维内聚力和较低的静电产生潜能。根据本发明,该空气驱动方法中使用的大部分纤维是基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维。因为单独化的韧皮纤维可切割成小于3mm的长度,所以可以以高通量加工非织造纤维。此外,气流成形的非织造网可包含10%至20%的4mm至6mm长的短纤维,如热塑性纤维,当所述气流成形网经过烘箱时,所述纤维熔化并与气流成网的网结合在一起。虽然可由气流成形成与基于单独化的韧皮纤维的层结合的100%热塑性纤维的层,但是纤维产率随纤维长度增加而显著下降。此外,木基纤维由于其小于3mm的典型长度可容易地与单独化的韧皮纤维以及单独化的韧皮纤维/短纤维混合物混合。
对天然成束韧皮纤维化学处理以基本移除果胶并形成基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维。酶处理是可用于基本移除果胶的化学处理的非限制性实例。PCT国际公开No.WO2007/140578(通过引用整体并入本文)描述了生产应用于织造纺织品工业的单独化大麻纤维和亚麻纤维的果胶移除技术。虽然单独化的韧皮纤维是直的,但是其细度类似于棉并且其长度为至少20mm,从而可被切割成对于用于形成非织造的方法适当的长度。在WO 2007/140578中描述的移除果胶的方法可用于本发明。
可将干燥的单独化的韧皮纤维并入纤维捆中。使纤维捆在拆捆机中分开并且移动到纤维累积器中。累积的纤维空气传送通过进料槽,然后作为纤维进料垫沉积到成形线上。而且,在沉积到成形线上之前,可以将短纤维和/或浆纤维与单独化的韧皮纤维混合。当在成形线上收集纤维时,空气传送过程使纤维的方向随机化。然后,纤维网可转移到如以下讨论的网结合设备以形成非织造织物。
如以上所讨论的,干燥网可通过水刺来结合。此外,水刺网可用水性粘合剂处理并暴露于热以结合并干燥网。此外,干燥网可通过机械针刺和/或使加热空气流经过网来结合。这些方法中可使用双组份纤维。或者,干燥网可通过向非结合网施用水性粘合剂并将网暴露于热来结合。
本发明的织物可由单个层或多层形成。在多个层的情况下,层通常以并列或面对面的关系定位,并且所有或一部分的层可与相邻层结合。本发明的非织造织物也可由多个不同的非织造网形成,其中不同的非织造网可由单个层或多个层形成。在其中非织造网包括多个网的那些情况下,可对整体厚度的非织造网进行粘合剂应用,或者对各单独层分别进行粘合剂应用,然后以并列方式与其他层组合以形成成品非织造网。
热结合也称为压延结合、点结合或图案结合,并且用于结合纤维网以形成非织造织物。热结合还可将图案并入织物中。热结合在PCT国际公开No.WO/2005/025865中进行了描述,其通过引用整体并入本文。热结合需要将热塑性纤维并入纤维网中。热塑性纤维的实例在上面讨论过。在热结合中,纤维网在压力下通过加热轧辊结合,所述加热轧辊可压印有转移至纤维网表面的图案。在热结合期间,将轧辊加热到至少在热塑性材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)与熔融温度(Tm)之间的温度。
如以上所讨论的,经干法成网的网可以在复合成网方法中形成。复合成网非织造网或植物可用于各种各样的应用,包括干擦拭巾和湿擦拭巾、湿拖把和吸收性干拖把。本文使用的“复合成网非织造织物”意指包含热塑性细丝和基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维的混合物或稳定基体的复合织物。还可包含另一些纤维,如木浆。复合成网非织造织物可通过以下方法制造,其中将至少一种熔喷模头布置在斜槽附近,单独化的韧皮纤维在网形成时通过所述斜槽添加到网中。美国专利No.5,350,624、4,100,324、4,469,734和4,818,464以及美国专利申请公开No.2003/0211802中描述了用于制造复合成网非织造织物的方法,其都分别通过引用整体并入本文。在一个方面中,热塑性细丝是热塑性熔喷细丝。美国专利申请公开No.2003/0211802描述了用于制造具有簇的非织造织物的复合成网方法。
熔喷纤维通过以下过程形成:将熔融热塑性材料作为熔融线或细丝通过多个细的通常为圆形的模毛细管挤出到汇聚的高速度的通常为热的气体(例如,空气)流中,从而使熔融热塑性材料细丝变细以减小其直径,其可以减小至微纤维直径。然后,通过高速度气流携带熔融纤维并使其沉积到收集表面上以形成随机分散的熔融纤维的网。例如,美国专利No.3,849,241中描述了这样的方法,其通过引用整体并入本文。熔喷纤维是微纤维,其可以是连续的或不连续的,并且平均直径一般小于10微米。熔喷也包括其中使用高速度气体(一般为气体)来帮助细丝形成的其他方法,如熔体喷射(melt spaying)或离心纺丝。
用于制造本发明的复合成网非织造网的热塑性细丝可以是由热塑性聚合物制备的熔融细丝。适用于本发明的热塑性聚合物包括但不限于:聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、生物可降解聚合物如聚乳酸、及其共聚物和共混物。适当的聚烯烃包括但不限于:聚乙烯,如高密度聚乙烯、中等密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线型低密度聚乙烯;聚丙烯,如等规聚丙烯、间同立构聚丙烯、等规聚丙烯和无规聚丙烯的共混物、及其共混物;聚丁烯,如聚(1-丁烯)和聚(1-丁烯);聚戊烯,如聚(1-戊烯)和聚(1-戊烯);聚(3-甲基-1-戊烯);聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯);及其共聚物和共混物。适当的共聚物包括由两种或更多种不同的不饱和烯烃单体制备的无规共聚物和嵌段共聚物,如乙烯/丙烯共聚物和乙烯/丁烯共聚物。适当的聚酰胺包括尼龙6、尼龙6/6、尼龙4/6、尼龙11、尼龙12、尼龙6/10、尼龙6/12、尼龙12/12、己内酰胺和烯化氧二胺的共聚物,等等,以及其共混物和共聚物。适当的聚酯包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(polybutylene terephthalate)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(polytetramethylene terephthalate)、聚亚环己基-1,4-二亚甲基对苯二甲酸酯、和间苯二甲酸酯共聚物、及其共混物。
许多纺粘和熔喷等级的聚烯烃可用于纤维生产,例如,聚乙烯类如Dow Chemical的ASPUN 6811A线性低密度聚乙烯、2553 LLDPE和25355以及12350高密度聚乙烯。所述的聚烯烃在190°F和2.16kg的载荷下以g/10分钟为单位的熔融指数分别为约26、40、25和12,并且可一般地用于常规的纺粘方法。形成熔喷级纤维的聚丙烯类包括例如Basell的PF-015聚丙烯。许多另一些聚烯烃类可商业获得并且通常可用于本发明。
聚酰胺类和其合成方法的实例可在Don E.Floyd的“Polyamide Resins”(Libraryof Congress Catalog number 66-20811,Reinhold Publishing,N.Y.,1966)中发现。可用于共形成的非织造织物的市售聚酰胺包括但不限于尼龙6、尼龙-6,6、尼龙-11和尼龙-12。此外,可将可相容的增粘树脂添加至上述可挤出的组合物以提供自发结合或需要结合热量的粘性材料。使用与所述聚合物相容并且可经受高的加工(例如,挤出)温度的任何增粘剂树脂。如果将聚合物与加工助剂如例如,聚烯烃或延伸油(extending oil)共混,则增粘剂树脂还应该与那些加工助剂相容。通常,氢化烃树脂由于其温度稳定性的性质被用作增粘树脂。和P系列增粘剂是氢化烃树脂的实例。501Lite是萜烯烃的实例。烃树脂可购自Hercules Incorporated。P系列树脂可购自Arakawa Chemical(美国)Incorporated。增粘树脂在美国专利No.4,787,699(其通过引用整体并入本文)中公开。还可使用与组合物的另一些组分相容并可以经受高加工温度的另一些增粘树脂。
熔喷长丝可为由一种聚合物组分制备的单组分纤维、meaning纤维、多组成纤维或多组分纤维。多组分长丝可例如具有A/B或A/B/A肩并肩(side-by-side)构型或者皮芯构型,其中一种聚合物组分包围另一种聚合物组分。多组成纤维是由至少两种聚合物形成的纤维,所述两种聚合物从相同的挤出机挤出作为共混物或混合物。多组成纤维不具有排列在穿过纤维横截面面积的相对恒定放置的不同区域的各种聚合物并且各种聚合物通常沿着纤维的整个长度是不连续的,而不是通常形成无规开始并结束的小纤维或原纤维。多组分纤维是多个纤维或长丝,其由至少两种聚合物形成,所述两种聚合物由分开的挤出机挤出,但是纺在一起形成一个纤维。多组分纤维还有时被称为“共轭”或“双组分”纤维或长丝。术语“双组分”意指制备纤维的两种聚合物组分。虽然共轭纤维可由相同的聚合物制备,如果每个组分中的聚合物不同于具有相同物理性质如例如,熔点或软化点的另一个,则所述聚合物通常彼此不同。在所有情况中,将聚合物穿过多组分纤维或长丝横截面排列在基本恒定放置的不同区域并且沿着多组分纤维或长丝的长度连续延伸。这种多组分纤维的构型可为例如皮/芯排列,其中一种聚合物由另一种聚合物包围,肩并肩排列,饼状(pie)排列或“海中岛”排列。
本发明共形成的非织造织物可根据如下步骤制成:
a.提供熔喷长丝的至少一个流;
b.提供包含基本上不含果胶、基本上单独化的韧皮纤维的至少一个流;
c.将包含韧皮纤维的至少一个流与熔喷长丝的至少一个流汇聚在一起以形成复合流;
d.将复合流沉积在形成表面上作为熔喷长丝和韧皮纤维的基体,其中形成的表面任选地为成形的表面,使得产生三维簇生的共形成的非织造织物;
e.如果存在成形的形成表面,则任选地向基体同时在形成表面上施加压差以形成具有与成形的形成表面相应的突出阵列和接合面积(land area)的非织造网;
f.将非织造网与形成的表面分离;以及
g.任选地通过穿过图案印制辊在所述网上印制美观的图案;
前述步骤可以以多种方式来实践,所述方式包括以下方法的一种,说明了根据本发明可用于形成簇生的非织造网的步骤。
在另一种方法中,本发明共形成的非织造织物可通过包括如下步骤的方法制成:
1.提供熔喷长丝的第一流;
2.提供熔喷长丝的第二流;
3.将熔喷长丝的第一流和熔喷长丝的第二流以交叉的关系汇聚在一起以形成冲击区域;
4.在冲击区域或邻近冲击区域处将包含基本不含果胶、基本单独化的韧皮纤维的流引入熔喷长丝的第一流与第二流之间以形成复合流;
5.将复合流沉积在形成的表面上作为熔喷长和韧皮纤维的基体,其中形成的表面任选地为成形的表面,使得产生三维簇生的共形成的非织造织物;
6.如果存在成形的形成表面,则任选地向基体同时在形成表面上施加压差以形成具有与成形的形成表面相应的突出阵列和接合面积的非织造网;
7.将非织造网与形成的表面分离;以及
8.任选地通过穿过图案印制辊在所述网上印制美观的图案。
如上所讨论的,干法成网的网或湿法成网的网还可以经受传送带起绉的过程。可用于制备本发明的非织造织物的传送带起绉的过程在美国专利No.8,293,072(其通过引用整体并入本文)中公开。
通过使用传送带起绉的过程,可制备为可变基重的产品的包含基本不含果胶、基本单独化的韧皮纤维的非织造织物,其显示出除了另一些性质的卡尺或体积(bulk)。传送带起绉形成的非织造织物具有拱形突起部分的重复结构,这限定了其相对侧的中空面积。突起的拱形部分或圆顶具有与致密化纤维的网络相互连接的相对高的局部基重。桥接连接区域和圆顶的转化面积包括向上和任选向内弯曲的固结纤维。一般来说,选择成品并控制传送带起绉、施加真空和干燥的步骤使得干燥的网形成为具有多个由片材上表面突出的纤维富集的中空圆顶区域、中空圆顶区域具有至少沿着其前缘的相对高局部基重的侧壁并且连接区域性形成使片材的纤维富集的中空圆顶区域相互连接的网络,其中韧皮纤维固结部分至少沿着其前缘从连接区域向上延伸至纤维富集的中空圆顶的区域的侧壁。韧皮纤维这种固结的部分至少存在在圆顶面积的前缘和后缘。在许多情况中,韧皮纤维的固结部分形成了圆顶面积周围至少部分延伸的鞍形区域。这些区域可以赋予了由高卷坚实度的非织造织物容纳的体积,有助于吸收。此外,网络区域形成了致密的(但不是将被固结那么高致密的)网赋予非织造织物增强的强度。
起绉的传送带具有由聚合物材料例如聚酯制成具有穿孔的转移表面。在各种方面中,非织造织物的特征在于纤维基体,所述纤维基体通过起绉的传送带从明显随机湿压的结构重新排列成具有纤维富集的区域的成形结构和/或具有纤维取向和限定所述网中中空圆顶状重复图案的形状的结果。在本发明的又一个方面,非随机交叉机器方向的取向偏置规则图案中被赋予给所述网中的纤维。传送带的起绉发生在起绉辊隙中的压力下同时所述网的稠度为约30%至60%。
可将本发明的非织造织物并入包含非织造织物和膜的层合制品或其他非织造物中。层合制品可用于多种应用,例如用于个人护理产品和吸收性制品例如尿布、训练裤、失禁服、女性卫生用品、伤口敷料、绷带等的外覆盖层。
为了形成层合制品,将粘合剂施用于非织造织物的支撑表面上或膜的表面上。合适的粘合剂的实例包括可喷射乳胶、聚α-烯烃(来自Huntsman Polymers,Houston,TX的市售Rextac 2730和Rextac 2723)和乙烯乙酸乙烯酯。另外的市售粘合剂包括但不限于可得自于Bostik Findley,Inc.,Wauwatosa,WI的那些。然后,将膜进料到形成线上的非织造织物上面。在施用于非织造织物之前,按需要拉伸膜。使非织造织物与膜组合并在辊隙中压缩以形成层合制品。尽管对于压敏粘合剂并不需要,但是可将辊隙保持在适于所使用粘合剂的期望粘合剂结合温度,例如热活化结合。可切割层合制品,导入到卷绕机或导入进一步加工。
除了将膜施用于非织造织物上之外,还可将另一种织物与非织造织物结合,所述另一种织物可以是例如另一种非织造织物或织造织物。非织造织物可以是根据本发明制造的非织造织物。可在压制以形成层合制品之前,将粘合剂施用于非织造织物或另一种织物。
用于层合制品的膜可包括但不限于聚乙烯聚合物、聚乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯聚合物、聚丙烯共聚物、聚氨酯聚合物、聚氨酯共聚物、苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物或线性低密度聚乙烯。任选地,透气膜(例如包含碳酸钙的膜)可用于形成层合制品。一般来说,如果膜的水蒸气穿透率为至少100克/平方米/24小时,那么其是“可透气的”,所述水蒸气穿透率可例如通过在美国专利No.5,695,868中描述的测试方法来测量,所述专利通过引用整体并入本文。然而,透气膜并不限于包含碳酸钙的膜。透气膜可包含任何填料。如本文所用的“填料”旨在包括这样的颗粒和其他形式的材料,其不化学干扰或不利地影响膜,但是会基本均匀地分散在整个膜中。一般来说,填料是颗粒形式并且形状为球形,其平均直径在约0.1微米至约7微米的范围中。填料包括但不限于有机填料和无机填料。
除了视觉和触觉检查之外,还可通过定量测量成束韧皮纤维中存在的果胶与单独化的韧皮纤维中存在的果胶的相对量来区分用于本发明的单独化的韧皮纤维和天然成束韧皮纤维。已经开发了化学测试来进行该相对定量,其以WO 2007/140578中描述的方法为基础。测试过程如下:
在800μL用盐酸调节至pH 4.5的100mM柠檬酸钠缓冲液中,使约30mg纤维暴露于来自黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)的20μL Novozyme果胶酶(稀释50倍)中。将溶液加热至40℃保持1小时。加热之后,移取50μL液体溶液并添加到1mL的10mM氢氧化钠中。将4-羟基苯甲酰肼的0.5%溶液(制备为0.5M盐酸中的5%溶液,并用0.5M氢氧化钠稀释以得到0.5%溶液)的3.0mL等分试样添加到溶液中,然后在沸水中加热5分钟。冷却之后,在410nm处测量混合物的吸光度。在水中制备半乳糖醛酸标准品,并且将50μL这些溶液添加到10mM氢氧化钠的1mL等分试样中。随后以与以上相同的方式进行还原糖的比色分析。
表1报告了关于从纤维提取到水溶液中的还原糖的百分比的测试结果。还原糖是其提取形式的果胶。因此,水溶液中还原糖的相对分数与在提取测试之前附着于韧皮纤维的果胶的相对分数相关。如表1所示,酶处理之后单独化的韧皮纤维具有小于0.1%的还原糖。
表1.酶处理之前和之后韧皮纤维的相对还原糖/果胶含量
还原糖百分率(%)* | |
酶处理之前的亚麻韧皮纤维束 | 1.1 |
酶处理之后的单独化亚麻韧皮纤维 | 小于0.1 |
*还原糖提取是果胶含量的比例指示
试点预试验调查了通过PCT国际公开No.WO 2007/140578中描述的果胶移除方法仅部分单独化的大麻韧皮纤维。表2中呈现的结果示出韧皮纤维的果胶含量与所得非织造织物的强度之间的逆相关。因此,韧皮纤维收集物中的果胶含量可用作包含那些纤维之非织造网的性能的预测因子。
表2.本发明织物的物理性质和相对果胶含量
可将本发明的非织造织物并入各种产品中。产品的非限制性实例包括擦拭物(或擦拭巾),例如湿擦拭物、干擦拭物或浸渍擦拭物,其包括个人护理擦拭物、家用清洁擦拭物和除尘擦拭物。个人护理擦拭物可用例如软化剂、湿润剂、芳香剂等浸渍。家用清洁擦拭物或硬表面清洁擦拭物可用例如表面活性剂(例如季胺)、过氧化物、氯、溶剂、螯合剂、抗微生物剂、芳香剂等浸渍。除尘擦拭物可用例如油浸渍。
擦拭物的非限制性实例包括婴儿擦拭巾、化妆品擦拭巾、会阴擦拭巾、一次性毛巾、家用清洁擦拭巾(如厨房擦拭巾、沐浴擦拭巾或硬表面擦拭巾)、消毒和除菌擦拭巾、专业清洁擦拭巾(如玻璃擦拭巾、镜子擦拭巾、皮革擦拭巾、电子设备擦拭巾、透镜擦拭巾和抛光擦拭巾)、医用清洁擦拭巾、消毒擦拭巾等。产品的另外的实例包括吸着剂、医疗用品(例如手术盖布、长衫和伤口护理产品)、用于工业应用的个人防护产品(例如防护连衣裤、套筒保护物等)、用于汽车应用的保护性覆盖物以及用于海上应用的保护性覆盖物。可将非织造织物并入吸收芯、衬垫、外盖或个人护理品的其他组分(例如尿布(婴儿或成人)、训练裤、女性护理用品(垫和卫生棉条)和护理垫)中。此外,可将非织造织物并入流体过滤产品(例如空气过滤器、水过滤器和油过滤器)、家用产品(例如家具背衬)、隔热和隔音产品、农业应用产品、景观美化应用产品或土工织物应用产品中。
再生纤维素的实例包括但不限于人造丝、莱赛尔(例如)、或其任意组合。和可商购自Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft,Lenzing,Austria。
如上所述,非织造织物可以是湿擦拭巾。湿擦拭巾可用润湿组合物预湿,所述润湿组合物可包含至少一种添加剂。润湿组合物可以是任何溶液,包括但不限于包含至少一种添加剂的水溶液。以下提供了合适的添加剂的非限制性实例。润湿组合物可通过任何方法设置在非织造织物上或浸渍在非织造织物内。这样的方法的实例包括但不限于,将非织造织物浸泡在润湿组合物中以及将润湿组合物喷射到非织造织物上。
如上所示,多种添加剂可与本文所述的非织造织物产品一起使用。合适的添加剂包括但不限于:皮肤护理添加剂;气味控制剂;如果非织造织物中存在粘合剂的话以减少所述粘合剂粘性的防粘剂;颗粒;抗微生物剂;防腐剂;润湿剂和清洁剂(例如去污剂、表面活性剂和某些硅酮);润肤剂;用于改善皮肤触觉(例如润滑性)的表面触感改性剂;芳香剂;芳香剂增溶剂;遮光剂;荧光增白剂;UV吸收剂;药物以及pH控制剂(例如苹果酸或氢氧化钾)。
皮肤护理添加剂为使用者提供了一个或更多个益处,例如减少由排泄物酶引起的尿布疹和/或其他皮肤损伤的概率。这些酶,特别是胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和弹性蛋白酶,是胃肠道中产生的消化食物的蛋白水解酶。在婴儿中,例如,排泄物往往是水样的并除其他材料外还包含细菌和一定量的未降解消化酶。如果这些酶与皮肤接触任何可感知的一段时间,则其可引起本身不舒服的刺激并且可使皮肤易被微生物感染。作为对策,皮肤护理添加剂包括但不限于酶抑制剂和多价螯合剂。润湿组合物可包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约5重量%的皮肤护理添加剂。更具体地,润湿组合物可包含约0.01重量%至约2重量%的皮肤护理添加剂。甚至更具体地,润湿组合物可包含约0.01重量%至约0.05重量%的皮肤护理添加剂。
可将多种皮肤护理添加剂添加到本发明的润湿组合物和预湿擦拭巾中,或使其包含在其中。例如,可添加颗粒物形式的皮肤护理添加剂以充当排泄物酶抑制剂,提供减少由排泄物酶引起的尿布疹和皮肤损伤的潜在益处。美国专利No.6,051,749(其通过引用整体并入本文)公开了织造网或非织造网中的亲有机性粘土,其被描述为可用于抑制粪便酶。这样的材料可用于本发明中,其包括长链有机季铵化合物与以下粘土中的一种或更多种的反应产物:蒙脱土、膨润土、贝得石、锂蒙脱石、皂石和硅镁石。
另一些已知的酶抑制剂和多价螯合剂可用作本发明的润湿组合物中的皮肤护理添加剂,包括抑制胰蛋白酶和其他消化酶或排泄物酶的那些抑制剂以及脲酶抑制剂。例如,酶抑制剂和抗微生物剂可用来防止体液中气味的形成。例如,在PCT国际公开No.98/26808(其通过引用整体并入本文)中公开了脲酶抑制剂,据说其也在气味吸收中起一定作用。这样的抑制剂可并入本发明的润湿组合物和预湿擦拭巾中,并且其包括过渡金属离子及其可溶性盐,例如银盐、铜盐、锌盐、铁盐和铝盐。阴离子也可提供脲酶抑制,如硼酸根、肌醇六磷酸根等。有潜在价值的化合物包括但不限于氯酸银、硝酸银、乙酸汞、氯化汞、硝酸汞、偏硼酸铜、溴酸铜、溴化铜、氯化铜、重铬酸铜、硝酸铜、水杨酸铜、硫酸铜、乙酸锌、硼酸锌、肌醇六磷酸锌、溴酸锌、溴化锌、氯酸锌、氯化锌、硫酸锌、乙酸镉、硼酸镉、溴化镉、氯酸镉、氯化镉、甲酸镉、碘酸镉、碘化镉、高锰酸镉、硝酸镉、硫酸镉和氯化金。
已知具有脲酶抑制特性的另一些盐包括铁盐和铝盐(例如硝酸盐)以及铋盐。另一些脲酶抑制剂包括异羟肟酸及其衍生物;硫脲;羟胺;肌醇六磷酸盐;不同物种植物的提取物,包括各种单宁酸(如角豆单宁酸)及其衍生物(如绿原酸衍生物);天然酸,例如抗坏血酸、柠檬酸及其盐;苯基磷酸二酰胺/二氨基磷酸苯酯;金属芳基磷酰胺复合物,包括经取代的磷二酰胺化合物;在氮上没有取代的磷酰胺;硼酸和/或其盐,包括尤其是硼砂和/或有机硼酸化合物;欧洲专利申请408,199中公开的化合物;二硫代氨基甲酸钠、二硫代氨基甲酸铜、二硫代氨基甲酸锰和/或二硫代氨基甲酸锌;醌;酚;秋兰姆;经取代的绕丹宁乙酸;烷基化苯醌;甲脒二硫化物;1,3-二酮马来酸酐;琥珀酸酰胺;邻苯二甲酸酐;pehenic酸;N,N-二卤代-2-咪唑啉酮;N-卤代-2-唑烷酮;硫代-和/或酰基-磷合酰胺和/或其经取代衍生物、硫代吡啶-N-氧化物、硫代吡啶和硫代嘧啶;二氨基亚膦酰基化合物的氧化硫衍生物;环三磷氮杂三烯衍生物;溴-硝基化合物;S-芳基和/或烷基二氨基磷硫醇盐;二氨基亚膦酰基衍生物;单磷二酰胺和/或多磷二酰胺;烷氧基-1,2-苯并噻嗪化合物(alkoxy-1,2-benzothaizin);肟的邻二氨基亚膦酰基衍生物;5-取代的苯并硫醇-2-酮;N(二氨基膦)芳基甲酰胺等。
可将许多其他皮肤护理添加剂并入本发明的润湿组合物和预湿擦拭巾中,包括但不限于防晒剂和UV吸收剂、痤疮治疗剂、药物、小苏打(包括其包封形式)、维生素及其衍生物(例如维生素A或维生素E)、植物性药材(例如金缕梅提取物和芦荟)、尿囊素、润肤剂、消毒剂、用于皱纹控制或抗衰老作用的羟基酸、防晒霜、晒黑促进剂、皮肤美白剂、除臭剂和止汗剂、用于皮肤益处和其他用途的神经酰胺、收敛剂、保湿剂、指甲油去除剂、驱虫剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、抗炎剂等。用于皮肤护理和其他益处的有用材料在McCutcheon”s 1999,第2卷:Functional Materials,MC Publishing Company,Glen Rock,NJ.中列出。ActiveOrganics,Lewisville,Texas提供了用于皮肤护理的许多有用的植物性药材。
适用于本发明润湿组合物和预湿擦拭巾的气味控制添加剂包括但不限于:锌盐;滑石粉;封装香料(包括微囊剂、大囊剂和封装在脂质体、囊泡或微乳剂中的香料);螯合剂如乙二胺四乙酸;沸石;活性二氧化硅、活性炭颗粒或纤维;活性二氧化硅颗粒;多元羧酸如柠檬酸;环糊精和环糊精衍生物;脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖及其衍生物;氧化剂;抗微生物剂,包括负载银的沸石;三氯生;硅藻土;及其混合物。除了控制来自身体或身体废物的气味之外,气味控制策略还可用于屏蔽或控制待处理基底的任何气味。通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约5重量%的气味控制添加剂。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约2重量%的气味控制添加剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.03重量%至约1重量%的气味控制添加剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,润湿组合物和/或预湿擦拭巾包含衍生化环糊精,例如溶液中的羟丙基β-环糊精,其在擦拭之后保留在皮肤上并提供气味吸收层。在另一些实施方案中,气味来源通过施用气味控制添加剂被移除或中和,例如借助于螯合剂,其结合对于通常产生气味的许多蛋白酶和其他酶的功能所需要的金属基团。螯合金属基团干扰酶的作用并降低产品中恶臭的风险。
S.Lee等在“Antimicrobial and Blood Repellent Finishes for Cotton andNonwovens Based on Chitosan and Fluoropolymers,”Textile Research Journal,69(2);104-112,Feb.1999中描述了脱乙酰壳多糖或壳多糖衍生物施加于非织造网和纤维素纤维的原理。
如果非织造织物中使用粘合剂,则脱粘剂可用于润湿组合物中以降低粘合剂的粘性。合适的脱粘剂包括本领域中已知的降低经粘合剂状聚合物处理的两个相邻纤维片之间粘性的任何物质或者能够减少粘合剂状聚合物在皮肤上的粘性触感的任何物质。脱粘剂可作为干燥形式的固体颗粒,作为悬浮液或作为颗粒的浆料来施用。沉积可通过喷射、涂敷、静电沉积、冲击、过滤(即,压差驱动负载颗粒的气相通过基底,从而通过过滤机构沉积颗粒)等来实现,并且可均匀地施用至基底的一个或更多个表面上或者可以以图案(例如,重复图案或无规图案)施用至基底的一个或多个表面的一部分上。脱粘剂可存在于基底的整个厚度中,但也可集中在一个或两个表面上,并且可基本仅存在于基底的一个或两个表面上。
具体的脱粘剂包括但不限于:粉末,例如滑石粉、碳酸钙、云母;淀粉,例如玉米淀粉;石松粉;矿物填料,例如二氧化钛;二氧化硅粉;氧化铝;一般的金属氧化物;焙粉等。也可使用聚合物及具有低表面能的其他添加剂,包括多种氟化聚合物、硅酮添加剂、聚烯烃和热塑性塑料、蜡、造纸工业中已知的剥离剂(包括具有烷基侧链的化合物,例如具有16或更多个碳原子的那些化合物)等。还可考虑用作模具和蜡烛制备的脱模剂的化合物,以及干润滑剂和氟化脱模剂。
本发明的润湿组合物可进一步通过添加固体颗粒或微颗粒进行改性。合适的颗粒包括但不限于云母、硅石、氧化铝、碳酸钙、高岭土、滑石和沸石。如果需要,则颗粒可用硬脂酸或其他添加剂进行处理以提高颗粒与粘合剂体系的吸引力或桥接。此外,也可使用通常在造纸工业中用作助留剂的双组分微颗粒体系。这样的双组分微颗粒体系一般包含胶体颗粒相如二氧化硅颗粒,以及用于使颗粒与待形成网的纤维桥接的水溶性阳离子聚合物。颗粒在润湿组合物中的存在可起着一个或更多个有用的功能,例如(1)增加预湿擦拭巾的不透明性;(2)改变预湿擦拭巾的流变性或降低其粘性;(3)改善擦拭巾的触觉性质;或者(4)通过颗粒载体如多孔载体或微囊剂将所需剂递送至皮肤。通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约25重量%的颗粒。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.05重量%至约10重量%的微颗粒物。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.1重量%至约5重量%的微颗粒物。
微囊剂和其他递送载剂也可用于本发明的润湿组合物以提供皮肤护理剂;药物;舒适促进剂如桉树植物提取物;香料;皮肤护理剂;气味控制添加剂;维生素;粉末以及使用者皮肤的其他添加剂。例如,润湿组合物可包含基于润湿组合物的总重量高达约25重量%的微囊剂或其他递送载剂。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物可包含约0.05重量%至约10重量%的微囊剂或其他递送载剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物可包含约0.2重量%至约5.0重量%的微囊剂或其他递送载剂。
微囊剂和其他递送载剂是本领域公知的。例如,E200(ChemdalCorp.,Arlington Heights,EL)是包含软的空心球体的递送剂,所述球体包含超过递送载剂重量10倍的添加剂。报道与E200一起使用的已知添加剂包括但不限于:过氧化苯甲酰、水杨酸、视黄醇、棕榈酸视黄酯、甲氧基肉桂酸辛基酯、生育酚、硅酮化合物(DC435)和矿物油。可与非织造织物一起使用的另一种递送载剂是以L200销售的海绵状材料,据报道其已与硅酮(DC435)和矿物油一起使用。另一些已知的递送体系包括环糊精及其衍生物、脂质体、聚合物海绵和经喷雾干燥的淀粉。使存在于微囊剂中的添加剂与润湿组合物中的环境和另一些剂隔离直至将擦拭巾施用于皮肤,其后微囊剂破裂并将其负载物递送至皮肤或其他表面。
本发明的润湿组合物可包含防腐剂和/或抗微生物剂。可用于本发明的数种防腐剂和抗微生物剂包括但不限于Mackstat H 66(购自Mclntyre Group,Chicago,IL)、DMDM乙内酰脲(例如,GlydantPlusTM,Lonza,Inc.,FairLawn,NJ)、碘丙炔醇丁基氨基甲酸酯、Kathon(Rohm and Hass,Philadelphia,PA)、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金丙酯、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇、苯甲酸等。通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约2重量%(按活性基)的防腐剂和/或抗微生物剂。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约1重量%的防腐剂和/或抗微生物剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约0.5重量%的防腐剂和/或抗微生物剂。
多种润湿剂和/或清洁剂可用于本发明的润湿组合物中。合适的润湿剂和/或清洁剂包括但不限于洗涤剂和非离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂,尤其是基于氨基酸的表面活性剂。与其他阴离子表面活性剂相比,基于氨基酸的表面活性剂体系,例如衍生自氨基酸类L-谷氨酸和其他天然脂肪酸的那些,提供了与人皮肤的pH相容性和良好的清洁能力,同时是相对安全的并提供了改善的触觉和加湿性质。表面活性剂的一种功能是通过润湿组合物改善干燥基底的润湿。表面活性剂的另一种功能可以是当预湿擦拭巾接触污染区域时使浴室污物分散并增强其到基底中的吸收。所述表面活性剂还可帮助卸妆、一般的个人清洁、硬表面清洁、气味控制等。
基于氨基酸的表面活性剂的一个商业实例是由日本东京Ajinomoto Corp.以Amisoft名称出售的酰基谷氨酸盐。通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约3重量%的润湿剂和/或清洁剂。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约2重量%的润湿剂和/或清洁剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.1重量%至约0.5重量%的润湿剂和/或清洁剂。
除了基于氨基酸的表面活性剂之外,多种表面活性剂也可用于本发明中。合适的非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于,环氧乙烷与由环氧丙烷与丙二醇缩合形成的疏水(亲油)聚氧化烯基体的缩合产物。这些化合物的疏水部分期望具有足够高的分子量以便使其不溶于水。向该疏水部分中添加聚氧乙烯部分提高了分子整体的水溶性,并且将产物的液体特征维持在聚氧乙烯含量为高达缩合产物总重量约50%的点。这类化合物的实例包括市售的Pluronic表面活性剂(BASF Wyandotte Corp.),例如其中聚氧丙烯醚的分子量为约1500至3000并且聚氧乙烯含量为分子的按重量计约35%至55%的那些,即Pluronic L-62。
另一些有用的非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于C8至C22烷基醇与2摩尔至50摩尔的环氧乙烷每摩尔醇的缩合产物。这类化合物的实例包括仲烷基醇类与3摩尔至50摩尔环氧乙烷每摩尔醇的缩合产物,其可作为Poly-Tergent SLF系列从Olin Chemicals购得或作为系列从Union Carbide购得,即,由约7摩尔的环氧乙烷与C12至C15烷醇缩合形成的25-L-7。
可用于本发明润湿组合物中的另一些非离子表面活性剂包括C6至C12烷基酚的环氧乙烷酯,例如(壬基苯氧基)聚氧乙烯醚。特别有用的是使约8摩尔至12摩尔的环氧乙烷与壬基苯酚缩合所制备的酯,即系列(GAF Corp.)。另外的非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于烷基多糖苷(APG),其作为右旋糖(D-葡萄糖)与直链或支链醇的缩合产物获得。表面活性剂的糖苷部分提供了具有高羟基密度的亲水段,从而增强了水溶性。此外,糖苷的缩醛键的固有稳定性提供了在碱性体系中的化学稳定性。此外,与一些非离子表面活性剂不同,烷基聚糖苷不具有浊点,使得无需助水溶物就可进行配制,而且这些烷基聚糖苷是非常温和且容易生物降解的非离子表面活性剂。这类表面活性剂可从HorizonChemical以商品名APG-300、APG-350、APG-500和APG-500获得。
硅酮是纯形式或作为微乳液、粗乳液等获得的另一类润湿剂。一种示例性非离子表面活性剂组是硅酮-乙二醇共聚物。这些表面活性剂可通过将聚(低级)烯化氧链加成到二甲基聚硅氧烷醇的游离羟基上来制备,并可从Dow Corning Corp以Dow Corning 190和193表面活性剂(CTFA名称:二甲聚硅氧烷共聚醇)获得。在具有或没有用作溶剂的任何挥发性硅酮的情况下,这些表面活性剂用于控制由其他表面活性剂产生的发泡,并且还赋予金属、陶瓷和玻璃表面以光泽。
阴离子表面活性剂可用于本发明的润湿组合物中。阴离子表面活性剂由于其高去垢力而是有用的,其包括具有8至22个碳原子的烷基取代基的阴离子洗涤剂盐,例如水溶性高级脂肪酸碱金属皂,例如肉豆蔻酸钠和棕榈酸钠。优选的一类阴离子表面活性剂涵盖含有疏水高级烷基部分(通常包含大约8至22个碳原子)的水溶性硫酸化和磺化阴离子碱金属和碱土金属洗涤剂盐,例如烷基中具有约1至16个碳原子的高级烷基单核或多核芳基磺酸盐,其实例为作为Bio-Soft系列获得,即Bio-SoftD-40(Stepan Chemical Co.)。
另一些类有用的阴离子表面活性剂包括但不限于烷基萘磺酸的碱金属盐(甲基萘磺酸钠,Petro AA,Petrochemical Corporation);硫酸化高级脂肪酸单甘油酯,例如可可油脂肪酸的硫酸化单甘油酯的钠盐和动物脂肪酸的硫酸化单甘油酯的钾盐;含有约10至18个碳原子的硫酸化脂肪醇的碱金属盐(例如,十二烷基硫酸钠和十八烷基硫酸钠);C14-C16-α-链烯烃磺酸钠,如Bio-Terge系列(Stepan Chemical Co.);硫酸化乙烯氧基脂肪醇的碱金属盐(约3摩尔环氧乙烷与C12-C15正烷醇的缩合产物的硫酸钠或硫酸铵,即Neodol乙氧基硫酸盐,Shell Chemical Co.);低分子量烷醇磺酸的高级脂肪酸酯的碱金属盐,例如异硫羰酸(isothionic acid)钠盐的脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸乙醇酰胺硫酸盐;氨基烷基磺酸的脂肪酸酰胺,如牛磺酸的月桂酸酰胺;以及许多其他的阴离子有机表面活性剂,例如二甲苯磺酸钠、萘磺酸钠、甲苯磺酸钠及其混合物。
另一类有用的阴离子表面活性剂包括8-(4-正烷基-2-环己烯基)-辛酸,其中环己烯基环被另外的羧酸基团取代。这些化合物或其钾盐可作为Diacid1550或H-240从WestvacoCorporation购得。一般来说,这些阴离子型表面活性剂可以以其碱金属盐、铵或碱土金属盐形式使用。
润湿组合物还可包含硅酮颗粒的水性微乳液。例如,美国专利No.6,037,407(其通过引用并入本文)描述了在水性微乳液中的有机聚硅氧烷。通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约5重量%的硅酮颗粒的微乳液。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.02重量%至约3重量%的硅酮颗粒的微乳液。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.02重量%至约0.5重量%的硅酮颗粒的微乳液。
一般来说,可通过任何已知的涂敷方法将硅酮乳液施用于预湿擦拭巾。例如,预湿擦拭巾可用包含水可分散性或水可混溶性的硅酮基组分的润湿组合物来润湿。此外,所述擦拭巾可包含具有水可分散性粘合剂的纤维的非织造网,其中所述网用包含硅酮基磺基琥珀酸酯的洗液润湿。硅酮基磺基琥珀酸酯可提供温和且有效的清洗而无需高水平的表面活性剂。此外,硅酮基磺基琥珀酸酯提供了增溶功能,其防止油溶性组分(例如香料组分、维生素提取物、植物提取物和挥发油)沉淀。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,润湿组合物包含硅酮共聚醇磺基琥珀酸盐,例如二甲硅氧烷共聚醇磺基琥珀酸二钠和二甲聚硅氧烷共聚醇磺基琥珀酸二铵。在一个方面中,润湿组合物包含按重量计小于约2%的硅酮基磺基琥珀酸盐,并且在另一个方面中,包含按重量计约0.05%至约0.30%的硅酮基磺基琥珀酸盐。
在包含硅酮乳液的产品的另一个实例中,Dow Corning 9506粉末可存在于润湿组合物中。认为Dow Corning 9506粉末包含二甲聚硅氧烷/乙烯基二甲聚硅氧烷互聚物并且是球形粉末,据说其可用于控制皮肤油(参见“New Chemical Perspectives”,Soap andCosmetics,第76卷,No.3,2000年3月,第12页)。因此,递送对控制皮肤油有效的粉末的水可分散性擦拭巾,也在本发明的范围内。WO 97/10100中公开了用于制备硅酮乳液的原理。
本发明的润湿组合物可包含一种或更多种润肤剂。合适的润肤剂包括但不限于PEG75羊毛脂,gluceth 20苯甲酸甲酯,苯甲酸C12-C15烷基酯,乙氧基化鲸蜡基硬脂醇,以Lambent蜡WS-L、Lambent WD-F、Cetiol HE(Henkel Corp.)、Glucam P20(Amerchol)、Polyox WSR N-10(Union Carbide)、Polyox WSR N-3000(Union Carbide)、Luviquat(BASF)、Finsolv SLB 101(Finetex Corp.)出售的产品,貂油,尿囊素,硬脂醇,Estol 1517(Unichema)和Finsolv SLB 201(Finetex Corp.)。
在用润湿组合物润湿之前或之后也可将润肤剂施用于非织造织物的表面。这样的润肤剂可不溶于润湿组合物,并且除了在经受力时以外可以是不动的。例如,矿脂基润肤剂可以以图案方式施用于一个表面,其后润湿另一表面以使擦拭巾饱和。这样的产品能够提供清洁表面和对面的皮肤处理表面。
这类产品和本发明其他产品中的润肤剂组合物可包含塑性润肤剂或流体润肤剂,例如一种或更多种液态烃(例如,矿脂)、矿物油等、植物和动物脂肪(例如,羊毛脂、磷脂及其衍生物)和/或硅酮材料如一种或多种经烷基取代的聚硅氧烷聚合物,包括美国专利NO.5,891,126(其通过引用并入本文)中公开的聚硅氧烷润肤剂。任选地,亲水性表面活性剂可与塑性润肤剂相组合以改善经涂敷表面的润湿性。在本发明的一些实施方案中,可预期的是,液态烃润肤剂和/或烷基取代的聚硅氧烷聚合物可与一种或更多种衍生自脂肪酸或脂肪醇的脂肪酸酯润肤剂共混或组合。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述润肤剂物质是润肤剂共混物的形式。例如,润肤剂共混物可包含一种或更多种液态烃类(例如,矿脂)、矿物油等、植物和动物脂肪(例如,羊毛脂、磷脂及其衍生物)与硅酮物质(例如一种或更多种经烷基取代的聚硅氧烷聚合物)的组合。在另一个方面中,润肤剂共混物包含液态烃类(例如,矿脂)与二甲基聚硅氧烷或与二甲基聚硅氧烷和其他经烷基取代的聚硅氧烷聚合物的组合。在本发明的一些实施方案中,可预期的是,液态烃润肤剂和/或经烷基取代的聚硅氧烷聚合物的共混物可与一种或更多种衍生自脂肪酸或脂肪醇的脂肪酸酯润肤剂共混。还可考虑作为Standamul HE(HenkelCorp.,Hoboken,N.J)购得的PEG-7椰酸甘油酯。
用于本发明润湿组合物中的水溶性的自乳化润肤剂油包括聚氧基烷氧基化羊毛脂和聚氧基烷氧基化脂肪醇,如美国专利No.4,690,821中所公开的,其通过引用整体并入本文。聚氧烷氧基链包含混合的亚丙基氧基单元和亚乙基氧基单元。羊毛脂衍生物通常包含约20至70个这样的低级烷氧基单元,而C12至C20脂肪醇可由约8至15个低级烷基单元衍生。一种这样的有用的羊毛脂衍生物是Lanexol AWS(PPG-12-PEG-50,Croda,Inc.,NewYork,N.Y.)。有用的聚(15-20)C2至C3烷氧化物是PPG-5-Ceteth-20,称为Procetyl AWS(Croda,Inc.)。
通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约25重量%的润肤剂。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物可包含小于约5重量%的润肤剂,并且在再一个方面中可包含小于约2%的润肤剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物可包含约0.01重量%至约8重量%的润肤剂。此外,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物可包含约0.2重量%至约2重量%的润肤剂。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的润湿组合物和/或预湿擦拭巾包含水包油乳液,所述水包油乳液包含含有分散在水相中的至少一种润肤油和至少一种润肤蜡稳定剂的油相,所述水相包含至少一种多元醇润肤剂和至少一种有机水溶性洗涤剂,如美国专利No.4,559,157中所公开的,其通过引用整体并入本文。
可将表面触感改性剂用于本发明的非织造织物以改善产品使用期间皮肤的触觉(例如,润滑性)。合适的表面触感改性剂包括但不限于,商用剥离剂;和软化剂,例如在薄织物制造领域中使用的软化剂,包括具有脂肪酸侧基的季铵化合物、硅酮、蜡等。美国专利No.3,554,862、美国专利No.4,144,122、美国专利No.5,573,637和美国专利No.4,476,323中公开了用作软化剂的示例性季铵化合物,其均通过引用整体并入本文。通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约2重量%的表面触感改性剂。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约1重量%的表面触感改性剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约0.05重量%的表面触感改性剂。
多种芳香剂可用于本发明的润湿组合物中。通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约2重量%的芳香剂。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约1重量%的芳香剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约0.05重量%的芳香剂。
此外,多种芳香剂增溶剂可用于本发明的润湿组合物中。合适的芳香剂增溶剂包括但不限于:聚山梨酸酯20、丙二醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二甘醇单乙醚、二丙二醇、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、Ameroxol OE-2(Amerchol Corp.)、Brij 78和Brij 98(ICI表面活性剂)、Arlasolve 200(ICI Surfactants)、Calfax 16L-35(Pilot Chemical Co.)、CapmulPOE-S(Abitec Corp.)、Finsolv SUBSTANTIAL(Finetex)等。通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约2重量%的芳香剂增溶剂。在另一方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约1重量%的芳香剂增溶剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约0.05重量%的芳香剂增溶剂。
遮光剂(opacifer)可用于润湿组合物中。合适的遮光剂包括但不限于:二氧化钛或其他矿物或颜料,以及合成遮光剂例如颗粒(可购自SequaChemicals,Inc.,Chester,South Carolina)。通常,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约2重量%的遮光剂。在另一方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约1重量%的遮光剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至0.05重量%的遮光剂。
用于本发明的润湿组合物的合适pH控制剂包括但不限于:苹果酸、柠檬酸、盐酸、乙酸、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等。适当的pH范围最大程度地减少了由皮肤上的润湿组合物所导致的皮肤刺激的量。通常,润湿组合物的pH范围为约3.5至约6.5。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物的pH范围为约4至约6。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含基于润湿组合物的总重量小于约2重量%的pH调节剂。在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约1重量%的pH调节剂。还有,在另一个方面中,润湿组合物包含约0.01重量%至约0.05重量%的pH调节剂。
由一种或更多种上述组分形成的多种润湿组合物可与本发明的湿式擦拭巾一起使用。
实施例
实施例1
使用标准纤维共混物(木浆)与本发明的纤维共混物(短亚麻)比较制备气流成网的手抄纸。手抄纸的组合物示于下表3中。亚麻纤维购自Crailer Technologies,Inc.,LakeOswego,OR。所述纤维经受额外的机械清洗并梳理以产生松散的绳索或条。旋转切割设备用于将条切成4mm至5mm的平均定尺长度。
Celanese乳胶购自Celanese Emulsion Polymers,Florence KY(Elite 25-135A。GP纤维素,Golden木浆购自Georgia-Pacific,Atlanta,GA。粘合剂纤维购自Trevira GmbH,Bobingen,德国。
表3.气流成网的手抄纸的制备
(*)-乳胶%是指片材上剩余的最终固体
手抄纸在10”x 12”实验室规模气流成网手抄纸成形机上生产。对于表3中的每个编号而言,对木浆、亚麻和粘合剂纤维组分的所述量进行称重以获得期望的比率和基重并且然后放置在单元中以生产非结合的网。然后移除非结合的网并且在来自TetrahedronAssociates,Inc.(San Diego,CA)的MTP-14实验压机上的金属板之间压缩,在约26psi的压力下保持20秒的持续时间。压缩之后,将所述网从压机中移除出来并放置在制备中的金属屏上用于粘合剂应用。在真空下,所述网用粘合剂稀释的混合物喷射以使用Spray SystemsCompany(Glendale Heights,IL)喷嘴(产品号SS11003)获得约15%的固体。所述网在约10psi的末端压力下从距离所述网约10英寸的距离处喷射直到应用期望的量。在粘合剂应用之后,所述网在Blue M型DC 580空气强制烘箱中由Thermal Product Solutions(White Deer,PA)在约150℃的温度下干燥2分钟。
预处理实施例制备的气流成网手抄纸并通过标准方法表征。特别地,基重根据数字标尺对3”x 3”试样称重来测量并且然后通过合适的数学系数转换成基重。
最高拉伸载荷、断裂伸长率和吸收的总能量使用1x 4”试样尺寸、十字头速度为12英寸/分钟和钳口跨度为4英寸的Instron(Norwood,MA)的拉伸测试机进行测量。
水容量与机油容量通过将4”x 4”(水)或3”x 3”(油)尺寸试样分别浸没在蒸馏水和Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE)机油中60秒,随后2分钟内空气中垂直悬挂使过量的滴下来确定。吸收能力通过每个试样中液体残留的量(悬挂后的湿重量减去初始干重量)除以初始干重量来计算。
干卡尺使用Thwing-Albert Instrument Company(West Berlin,NJ)Progage电子测厚仪用1”直径砧在约4.14kPA的压力下来测量。下表4提供了与常规手抄纸相比,具有亚麻纤维共混物的本发明的气流成网手抄纸所得的性质。
表4.气流成网手抄纸性质
实施例2
仅使用表5所示的木浆与本发明亚麻纤维共混物比较来制备湿法成网的手抄纸。样品在实验室规模circular 6.25”diameter测试机,Inc.(TMI)(Amityville,NY)湿法成网手抄纸成形机上制备。对用于每个样品的干浆进行称量以获得期望的组合物比率并且在放置在British粉碎机中5分钟之前浸没在蒸馏水中最少保持4小时,用2L的蒸馏水稀释。在制备这些手抄纸中不使用另外的添加剂。
然后将样品从粉碎机转移至手抄纸成形机流浆箱并在通过手抄纸成型机的屏排出之前稀释至至约16L以形成期望基重的片材。然后将样品从屏中移除,并在Williams标准压机上压缩在一侧50psi下压缩约5.5分钟以及在将样品反过来之后在50psi下再压缩2.5分钟。将压机中的样品移除并放置在干燥环中隔夜以完全风干。
表5.湿法成网的手抄纸制备
实施例2湿法成网的手抄纸根据下表6所示的来测量。测量每个TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry method(TAPPI)T220 sp-01,经2001年修订的“Physical Testing of Pulp hand sheets”的手抄纸。预处理湿法成网的手抄纸并且按照每个TAPPI测试方法T402 sp-13,经2013年修订,“Standard Conditioning andTesting Atmospheres for Paper,Board,Pulphand sheets and Related Products”来处理。此外,根据TAPPI测试方法T 400,“Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper,Paperboard,Containerboard,or Related Product”保存样品。特别地,保存包括避免样品在阳光直射、极端温度和65%以上的相对湿度下暴露。在这个过程中,确保两个表面都受到影响。
将样品在10%至35%相对湿度(RH)和22℃至40℃(72°F至104°F)下预处理至少4个小时。样品在50.0%±2.0%RH和23.0℃±1.0℃(73.4°F±1.8°F下处理4个小时。
表6.湿法成网手抄纸的性质
基重通过对0.001g敏感的规模上将5个处理的TAPPI手抄纸一起称重来确定。每个片材的面积为近似于200cm2并采取200cm2。基重由5个片材的重量来计算并且被报道为克/平方米(g/m2)和磅/3,000平方尺。
卡尺通过使用根据TAPPI test T411 om-11,2011修订,“Thickness(Caliper)onPaper and Paperboard”的千分尺测量处理的TAPPI手抄纸来确定。使用已知厚度为0.0005mm(0.00002英寸)的测量标准校准千分尺。证实平行度的面并放置在固体水平表面上免于明显的振动。测量每个试样在5个非重叠规则的间隔下的厚度,确保测量不能太接近边缘。当测量厚度时,通过测量任何可疑读数附近的厚度,确保大于其他读数的5%以上的读数不是由植物性木塞、斑点或异物引起的。报道的厚度值以密耳和英寸为单位。
机油容量确定油容量在浸泡和排出的预定时间内。机油容量通过切割至少3个测试试样测量3”x 3”来测量。同时用干燥的手指处理试样并且不使试样经受任何压缩或拉伸,将试样称重至最接近0.001克。将试样浸泡在机油中1分钟,确保其在接触的5秒内浸没在油中。镊子用于将试样从油中移除,然后将其提起滴落过量的机油2分钟。记录试样的重量。将所有3个试样进行浸泡、滴排水并称重。
使用下式确定以油每平方米中的克数为单位的机油容量(MOHC):
Wet Wt:湿重量
Dry Wt:干重量
使用下式确定以油每平方米中的克数为单位的机油容量(油/纤维)比率(MOHCR):
样品的特殊切割要求强度测试。15mm(0.59英寸)切割装置或具有导向的单刀切割机用于提供15mm(0.59英寸)宽的条。两个样品应使用专用的切割装置来切割以提供2个试样,其共同的边缘正好一分为二经经处理的TAPPI手抄纸并且其宽度为15mm(0.59英寸)。
干拉伸强度、延伸和吸收的拉伸能量同时根据预处理的TAPPI手抄纸来获得并且根据TAPPI test T494 om-13,revised 2013,“Tensile Breaking Properties of Paperand Paperboard(Using Constant Rate of Elongation Apparatus)”来测量,除了下列情况以外:a)所测试的试样的至少一个来自每组的5个片材,b)拉伸测试机的钳口设定为100mm间距,以及c)试样的尺寸。
钳口的分离速率为25.5mm/min(标称1.0英寸/min)。将样品夹紧进入两个钳口,并且开始钳口测试分离。记录以下样品破损、干拉伸强度、延伸和吸收的拉伸能量。
对于湿拉伸强度的测量,将试样夹紧进入拉伸测试机和使用Payne海绵方法润湿,其中湿海绵与1英寸长度的纸接触以足以出现润湿。
就以上描述而言,则可认识到,本发明的部分的最佳空间关系,包括大小、材料、形状、形式、功能以及操作、装配和使用方式的变体,对于本领域技术人员来说是明显且显而易见的,并且本发明旨在涵盖附图所示及说明书中所述的那些的所有等同关系。
因此,认为以上内容仅是本发明原理的说明。此外,可进行本发明的多种修改而不脱离其范围,并因此,可以期望的是,对于本发明仅应具有如现有技术所施加并且所附权利要求中阐述的这些限制。
Claims (17)
1.一种非织造织物,包含平均长度小于6毫米的基本不含果胶的直的单独化的韧皮纤维;
其中所述基本不含果胶的直的单独化的韧皮纤维是通过化学处理天然韧皮纤维然后机械地减少纤维长度至平均长度小于6mm而形成的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非织造织物,其中所述基本不含果胶的直的单独化的韧皮纤维是提取自亚麻、大麻、黄麻、苎麻、荨麻、西班牙金雀花、洋麻植物或其任意组合的纤维。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的非织造织物,其中所述基本不含果胶的直的单独化的韧皮纤维的果胶含量为天然纤维的果胶含量的按重量计小于20%,所述天然纤维是所述基本不含果胶的纤维的来源。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的非织造织物,其中所述基本不含果胶的直的单独化的韧皮纤维的平均长度为至少4mm。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的非织造织物,还包含卷曲的或直的人造纤维素纤维、热塑性纤维或其任意组合。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的非织造织物,还包含浆纤维、短纤维或其任意组合,所述短纤维是卷曲的短纤维、直的短纤维、或者卷曲的和直的短纤维的组合。
7.一种制造根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的非织造织物的方法,所述方法包括:
形成所述基本不含果胶的直的单独化的韧皮纤维的无规排列的纤维网;
以及
将所述无规排列的纤维网结合以形成所述非织造织物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其还包括向所述基本不含果胶的单独化的韧皮纤维中添加热塑性纤维并将所述非织造织物热结合。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中结合是水刺。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述无规排列的纤维网使用气流成网成形方法形成。
11.一种层合制品,包含根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的非织造织物、膜以及设置在所述织物与所述膜之间的粘合剂。
12.根据权利要求11所述的层合制品,其中所述膜包含聚乙烯聚合物、聚丙烯聚合物、聚氨酯聚合物、苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物、或其任意组合。
13.根据权利要求11所述的层合制品,其中所述膜包含聚乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯共聚物、聚氨酯共聚物、或其任意组合。
14.根据权利要求11所述的层合制品,其中所述膜包含线型低密度聚乙烯。
15.一种制造根据权利要求11至14中任一项所述的层合制品的方法,所述方法包括:
形成包含所述基本不含果胶的直的单独化的韧皮纤维的无规排列的纤维网;
将所述无规排列的纤维网结合以形成具有支撑表面的非织造织物;
将粘合剂设置到所述非织造织物的所述支撑表面上或膜上;
将所述膜设置到所述非织造织物的所述支撑表面上;以及
压制以形成所述层合制品。
16.一种层合制品,包含第一非织造织物和与所述第一非织造织物结合的另一织物,所述第一非织造织物是根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的非织造织物,所述另一织物是第二非织造织物或织造织物中的至少一种,所述第二非织造织物任选地为另外的根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的非织造织物。
17.根据权利要求16所述的层合制品,其中所述另一织物与所述第一非织造织物通过粘合剂粘合。
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EP2971313A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
CA2905735A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
IL241106A0 (en) | 2015-11-30 |
JP2016516914A (ja) | 2016-06-09 |
US20140273704A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
AU2014237612A8 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
JP6428758B2 (ja) | 2018-11-28 |
EP2971313A4 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
AU2014237612A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
KR102130730B1 (ko) | 2020-07-06 |
EP2971313B1 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
CA2905735C (en) | 2022-06-21 |
IL241106B (en) | 2019-05-30 |
CN105143542A (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
WO2014149999A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
TW201443307A (zh) | 2014-11-16 |
BR112015022238A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
KR20150131283A (ko) | 2015-11-24 |
US10519579B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
TWI622682B (zh) | 2018-05-01 |
MX2015011996A (es) | 2016-04-15 |
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