CN105123387B - A kind of Queensland nut scion cultivated method - Google Patents
A kind of Queensland nut scion cultivated method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123387B CN105123387B CN201510453472.7A CN201510453472A CN105123387B CN 105123387 B CN105123387 B CN 105123387B CN 201510453472 A CN201510453472 A CN 201510453472A CN 105123387 B CN105123387 B CN 105123387B
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- macadamia
- queensland nut
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- 240000007575 Macadamia integrifolia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 29
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- YFNCATAIYKQPOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OCC YFNCATAIYKQPOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021185 dessert Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of Queensland nut scion cultivated method of disclosure of the invention, comprises the following steps：（1）Preceding fertilising is cut,（2）Return contracting,（3）Bud picking,（4）Topping,（5）Water and fertilizer management.Queensland nut scion cultivated method of the present invention is simple, and Quantity of the scion is more, and quality is good, and germination rate is high, adopts and cuts conveniently, reduces labour cost, is adapted to Queensland nut scion shortage and seedling large-scale production person to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, is specifically related to plant scion cultivated method.
Background technology
Queensland nut (Macadamia integrifolia) it is Proteaceae Queensland nut category perennial evergreen arbor
Fruit tree.Its benevolence is nutritious, crispy and delicious, stir-fries and eats, eats raw, and taste is splendid, can be used as various advanced dessert raw materials, quilt
Edible nut optimal in the world is described as, the laudatory title for having " dry fruit queen ".Turn into that the world today is emerging, nutritive value
Fruit tree high, commodity value is high, it is deep to be liked by numerous growers.In production, Queensland nut is mainly based on grafting, grafting
Seedling scion derives from bearing-age tree, and due to Queensland nut bearing-age tree, pumping young sprout is few, and the branch that can serve as scion is less, it is necessary to female
Tree is more, and collection difficulty is big, and cost is high.Therefore, Queensland nut large-scale production nursery, scion culture is an important step.
The content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Queensland nut scion cultivated method, its
Simple to operate, Quantity of the scion is more, and quality is good, and germination rate is high, adopts and cuts conveniently, reduces cost.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of Queensland nut scion cultivated method, comprises the following steps：
（1）Cut preceding fertilising：In 2 week before retraction, under macadamia drip, ditch deep 15-20 centimetres, three/
One circular arc, every plant of macadamia 0.6 ~ 1kg of fertilising, returns soil after loam stirring and fills and leads up；
（2）Return contracting：In 9-10 months, select 5 years raw above, the Queensland nut bearing-age trees of robust growth and carry out returning contracting,
Bounce back major branch and side shoot, controls macadamia height 1.2-1.5 rice；Carried out with thiophanate methyl setting spray disinfection entirely after retraction
Sterilization, smeared after clip is dry with consolidant；
（3）Bud picking：Macadamia, which is returned, starts rudiment contracting the latter moon, when bud extracts length out to 5-10 centimetres, carries out
Bud picking, healthy and strong no disease and pests harm young sprout 1-2 branches are selected and remain per eye, young sprout 8-15 branches are retained per branch, make to be evenly distributed in all directions；
（4）Topping and beta pruning：When blade turn green by Huang, branch top 1-2 wheel blades are cut off, promote second branch to sprout,
Second branch every stays the 1-2 bars tip to extend；Again by step（2）Thin and delicate branch of the middle side shoot diameter less than 0.6 centimetre is wiped out from base portion；
（5）Water and fertilizer management：Using the fertilizer system of a tip one, in combination with foliage-spray；Blade is applied when turning green by Huang, and trench digging is deep
15-20 centimetres, 1/3rd circular arcs, every plant of macadamia 0.2 ~ 0.5kg of fertilising, return soil after loam stirring and fill and lead up；One tip two
When secondary foliar fertilizer, more than 60% tip extract long 3-5 centimetres and blade out and turn green by Huang, each 0.3 ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spray and
0.2 ~ 0.5% urea.
As further preferred, the step（1）In every plant of macadamia apply 0.1 ~ 0.25kg of urea, NPK
（15-15-15）0.5 ~ 0.75kg, return soil after loam stirring and fill and lead up；In the case of rain, every plant of water drenching 30-50kg.
As further preferred, the step（2）Middle retraction major branch and side shoot, side shoot diameter is more than 0.6 centimetre, from major branch
Branch mouth 15-20 centimeters bounce back, and thin and delicate branch of the side shoot diameter less than 0.6 centimetre retains for the time being.Used methyl Tobe
Tianjin is 800-1000 times of liquid.
As further preferred, the step（3）Rudiment, each branch rudiment number are 10-20.
As further preferred, the step（5）In fertilising apply 0.1 ~ 25kg of urea, ternary for every plant of macadamia
Composite fertilizer（15-15-15）0.1 ~ 0.25kg, return soil after loam stirring and fill and lead up；In the case of rain, every plant of water drenching 30-50kg.
Advantages of the present invention：
（1）Queensland nut scion cultivated method is simple, and Quantity of the scion is more, and quality is good, and germination rate is high, adopts and cuts conveniently,
Reduce labour cost.
（2）Using step（2）In return contracting major branch and side shoot, retraction side shoot diameter is more than 0.6 centimetre, and side shoot length retains
15-20 centimetres, ensure that pumping branch is healthy and strong, control the quantity per side shoot pumping, it is artificial to reduce bud picking.
（3）Using step（4）It is middle to cut off branch top 1-2 wheel blades, it can sprout the 2-3 bar tips, scion amount is multiplied.
（4）Using step（2）In return contracting branch germination rate up to more than 95%, 8 year raw macadamia branch Quantity of the scion
Up to 200-250 branches.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but not as the limitation to invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Queensland nut scion cultivated method, comprises the following steps：
（1）Cut preceding fertilising：In 2 week before retraction, under macadamia drip, ditch deep 15-20 centimetres, three/
One circular arc, every plant of macadamia apply urea 0.25kg, NPK（15-15-15）0.5kg, return soil after loam stirring and fill out
It is flat, such as without rain, every plant of water drenching 30-50kg；
（2）Return contracting：In 9-10 months, select 5 years raw above, the Queensland nut bearing-age trees of robust growth and carry out returning contracting,
Bounce back major branch and side shoot, and side shoot diameter is more than 0.6 centimetre, is bounced back from major branch branch mouth 15-20 centimeters, and side shoot diameter is less than
0.6 centimetre of thin and delicate branch retains for the time being, controls macadamia height 1.2-1.5 rice.With 800-1000 times of first after retraction
Base thiophanate carries out full tree spraying, is smeared after clip is dry with consolidant；
（3）Bud picking：Macadamia, which bounces back, starts rudiment the latter moon, and each branch rudiment number is up to 10-15, when bud is taken out
When going out length to 5-10 centimetres, bud picking is carried out, healthy and strong no disease and pests harm young sprout 1-2 branches is selected and remain per eye, young sprout 8-10 is retained per branch
Branch, makes to be evenly distributed in all directions；
（4）Topping and beta pruning：When blade turn green by Huang, branch top 1-2 wheel blades are cut off, promote second branch to sprout,
Second branch every stays the 1-2 bars tip to extend；By step（2）Thin and delicate branch of the middle side shoot diameter less than 0.6 centimetre is wiped out from base portion；
（5）Water and fertilizer management：The fertilizer system of one tip one, in combination with foliage-spray.Blade is applied when turning green by Huang, and ditch deep 15-20
Centimetre, 1/3rd circular arcs, every plant of macadamia fertilising urea 0.25kg, NPK（15-15-15）0.25kg, fertilizer
Soil is returned after soil stirring to fill and lead up, such as without rain, every plant of water drenching 30-50kg；One tip twice extract out long 3-5 centimetres by foliar fertilizer, more than 60% tip
And blade respectively sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea when turning green by Huang.
Using the method for the present invention, up to 100%, 8 year, raw macadamia branch Quantity of the scion reached 200- to branch germination rate
250.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Queensland nut scion cultivated method, comprises the following steps：
（1）Cut preceding fertilising：In 2 week before retraction, under macadamia drip, ditch deep 15-20 centimetres, three/
One circular arc, every plant of macadamia apply urea 0.1kg, NPK（15-15-15）0.5kg, return soil after loam stirring and fill out
It is flat, such as without rain, every plant of water drenching 40-50kg；
（2）Return contracting：In 9-10 months, select 5 years raw above, the Queensland nut bearing-age trees of robust growth and carry out returning contracting,
Bounce back major branch and side shoot, and side shoot diameter is more than 0.6 centimetre, is bounced back from major branch branch mouth 15-18 centimeters, and side shoot diameter is less than
0.6 centimetre of thin and delicate branch retains for the time being, controls macadamia height 1.4-1.5 rice.With 900-1000 times of first after retraction
Base thiophanate carries out full tree spraying, is smeared after clip is dry with consolidant；
（3）Bud picking：Macadamia, which bounces back, starts rudiment the latter moon, and each branch rudiment number is up to 10-20, when bud is taken out
When going out length to 5-10 centimetres, bud picking is carried out, healthy and strong no disease and pests harm young sprout 1-2 branches is selected and remain per eye, young sprout 12-15 is retained per branch
Branch, makes to be evenly distributed in all directions；
（4）Topping and beta pruning：When blade turn green by Huang, branch top 1-2 wheel blades are cut off, promote second branch to sprout,
Second branch every stays the 1-2 bars tip to extend；By step（2）Thin and delicate branch of the middle side shoot diameter less than 0.6 centimetre is wiped out from base portion；
（5）Water and fertilizer management：The fertilizer system of one tip one, in combination with foliage-spray.Blade is applied when turning green by Huang, and ditch deep 15-20
Centimetre, 1/3rd circular arcs, every plant of macadamia fertilising urea 0.15kg, NPK（15-15-15）0.15kg, fertilizer
Soil is returned after soil stirring to fill and lead up, such as without rain, every plant of water drenching 30-40kg；One tip twice extract out long 3-5 centimetres by foliar fertilizer, more than 60% tip
And blade respectively sprays 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea when turning green by Huang.
Using the method for the present invention, up to 98%, 8 year, raw macadamia branch Quantity of the scion reached 200-250 to branch germination rate
Branch.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Queensland nut scion cultivated method, comprises the following steps：
（1）Cut preceding fertilising：In 2 week before retraction, under macadamia drip, ditch deep 15-20 centimetres, three/
One circular arc, every plant of macadamia apply urea 0.2kg, NPK（15-15-15）0.6kg, return soil after loam stirring and fill out
It is flat, such as without rain, every plant of water drenching 30-40kg；
（2）Return contracting：In 9-10 months, select 5 years raw above, the Queensland nut bearing-age trees of robust growth and carry out returning contracting,
Bounce back major branch and side shoot, and side shoot diameter is more than 0.6 centimetre, is bounced back from major branch branch mouth 18-20 centimeters, and side shoot diameter is less than
0.6 centimetre of thin and delicate branch retains for the time being, controls macadamia height 1.2-1.3 rice.With 800-900 times of methyl after retraction
Thiophanate carries out full tree spraying, is smeared after clip is dry with consolidant；
（3）Bud picking：Macadamia, which bounces back, starts rudiment the latter moon, and each branch rudiment number is up to 10-20, when bud is taken out
When going out length to 5-10 centimetres, bud picking is carried out, healthy and strong no disease and pests harm young sprout 1-2 branches is selected and remain per eye, young sprout 10-12 is retained per branch
Branch, makes to be evenly distributed in all directions；
（4）Topping and beta pruning：When blade turn green by Huang, branch top 1-2 wheel blades are cut off, promote second branch to sprout,
Second branch every stays the 1-2 bars tip to extend；By step（2）Thin and delicate branch of the middle side shoot diameter less than 0.6 centimetre is wiped out from base portion；
（5）Water and fertilizer management：The fertilizer system of one tip one, in combination with foliage-spray.Blade is applied when turning green by Huang, and ditch deep 15-20
Centimetre, 1/3rd circular arcs, every plant of macadamia fertilising urea 0.1kg, NPK（15-15-15）0.1kg, loam
Return soil after stirring to fill and lead up, such as without rain, every plant of water drenching 30-40kg；One tip foliar fertilizer twice, more than 60% tip extract out long 3-5 centimetres and
When blade turns green by Huang, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea are respectively sprayed.
Using the method for the present invention, up to 96%, 8 year, raw macadamia branch Quantity of the scion reached 200-250 to branch germination rate
Branch.
Embodiment 4
A kind of Queensland nut scion cultivated method, comprises the following steps：
（1）Cut preceding fertilising：In 2 week before retraction, under macadamia drip, ditch deep 15-20 centimetres, three/
One circular arc, every plant of macadamia apply urea 0.25kg, NPK（15-15-15）0.5kg, return soil after loam stirring and fill out
It is flat, such as without rain, every plant of water drenching 30-50kg；
（2）Return contracting：In 9-10 months, select 5 years raw above, the Queensland nut bearing-age trees of robust growth and carry out returning contracting,
Bounce back major branch and side shoot, and side shoot diameter is more than 0.6 centimetre, is bounced back from major branch branch mouth 15-20 centimeters, and side shoot diameter is less than
0.6 centimetre of thin and delicate branch retains for the time being, controls macadamia height 1.2-1.5 rice.With 800-1000 times of first after retraction
Base thiophanate carries out full tree spraying, is smeared after clip is dry with consolidant；
（3）Bud picking：Macadamia, which bounces back, starts rudiment the latter moon, and each branch rudiment number is up to 15-20, when bud is taken out
When going out length to 5-10 centimetres, bud picking is carried out, healthy and strong no disease and pests harm young sprout 1-2 branches is selected and remain per eye, young sprout 10-12 is retained per branch
Branch, makes to be evenly distributed in all directions；
（4）Topping and beta pruning：When blade turn green by Huang, branch top 1-2 wheel blades are cut off, promote second branch to sprout,
Second branch every stays the 1-2 bars tip to extend；By step（2）Thin and delicate branch of the middle side shoot diameter less than 0.6 centimetre is wiped out from base portion；
（5）Water and fertilizer management：The fertilizer system of one tip one, in combination with foliage-spray.Blade is applied when turning green by Huang, and ditch deep 15-20
Centimetre, 1/3rd circular arcs, every plant of macadamia fertilising urea 0.2kg, NPK（15-15-15）0.2kg, loam
Return soil after stirring to fill and lead up, such as without rain, every plant of water drenching 30-50kg；One tip foliar fertilizer twice, more than 60% tip extract out long 3-5 centimetres and
When blade turns green by Huang, 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea are respectively sprayed.
Using the method for the present invention, up to 100%, 8 year, raw macadamia branch Quantity of the scion reached 200- to branch germination rate
250.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. Queensland nut scion cultivated method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：（1）Cut preceding fertilising：In 2 week before retraction, under macadamia drip, ditch deep 15-20 centimetres, 1/3rd circles Arc, every plant of macadamia 0.6 ~ 1kg of fertilising, returns soil after loam stirring and fills and leads up；（2）Return contracting：In 9-10 months, select more than life in 5 years, the Queensland nut bearing-age tree of robust growth carries out returning contracting, retraction Major branch and side shoot, control macadamia height 1.2-1.5 rice；Carry out setting spray disinfection entirely with thiophanate methyl after retraction and disappear Poison, smeared after clip is dry with consolidant；The step（2）Middle retraction major branch and side shoot, side shoot diameter are more than 0.6 centimetre, Bounced back from major branch branch mouth 15-20 centimeters, thin and delicate branch of the side shoot diameter less than 0.6 centimetre retains for the time being；（3）Bud picking：Macadamia, which is returned, starts rudiment contracting the latter moon, when bud extracts length out to 5-10 centimetres, carries out bud picking, Healthy and strong no disease and pests harm young sprout 1-2 branches are selected and remain per eye, young sprout 8-15 branches are retained per branch, make to be evenly distributed in all directions；（4）Topping and beta pruning：When blade turns green by Huang, branch top 1-2 wheel blades are cut off, promote second branch to sprout, it is secondary Every, the tip stays the 1-2 bars tip to extend；Again by step（2）Thin and delicate branch of the middle side shoot diameter less than 0.6 centimetre is wiped out from base portion；（5）Water and fertilizer management：Ditch fertilizer is applied using a tip, in combination with foliage-spray；Blade is applied when turning green by Huang, and trench digging is deep 15-20 centimetres, 1/3rd circular arcs, every plant of macadamia 0.2 ~ 0.5kg of fertilising, return soil after loam stirring and fill and lead up；One tip two When secondary foliar fertilizer, more than 60% tip extract long 3-5 centimetres and blade out and turn green by Huang, each 0.3 ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spray and 0.2 ~ 0.5% urea.
- 2. Queensland nut scion cultivated method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（2）Methyl Tobe Tianjin is 800-1000 times of liquid.
- 3. Queensland nut scion cultivated method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In every plant of Australia Continent nutwood applies 0.1 ~ 0.25kg of urea and NPK 0.5 ~ 0.75kg of 15-15-15, returns soil after loam stirring and fills and leads up；Nothing In the case of rain, every plant of water drenching 30-50kg.
- 4. Queensland nut scion cultivated method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（3）Rudiment, each Branch rudiment number is 10-20.
- 5. Queensland nut scion cultivated method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（5）In fertilising 0.1 ~ 0.25kg of urea and NPK 0.1 ~ 0.25kg of 15-15-15 are applied for every plant of macadamia, is returned after loam stirring Soil is filled and led up；In the case of rain, every plant of water drenching 30-50kg.
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| CN106069487A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of breeding method of macadimia nut seedling |
| CN106888914A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-06-27 | 西双版纳云濮农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Queensland nut |
| CN108967011A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-11 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A method of morning Feng You cutting orchard is built using Queensland nut grafting seedlings |
| CN108886936A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-11-27 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of Queensland nut water-fertilizer integral fertilizing method |
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| CN102807411A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-05 | 云南云澳达坚果开发有限公司 | Flower-promoting fruit-retention composite fertilizer for Australian nut adult trees |
| CN103518586B (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-08-05 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultivation mode of macadamia nut transplanting big tree |
| CN103563711A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-02-12 | 广西大学 | Method for cultivating adult litchi trees in mode that variety changing and fruiting are conducted at same time |
| CN103814700B (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-19 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | The efficient collecting method of a kind of macadamia nut |
| CN104082020A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-08 | 江苏绿苑园林建设有限公司 | Bridal wreath stiff wood cutting seedling culture method |
| CN104782440B (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2017-09-19 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of Queensland nut adopts rear pruning method |
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