CN105026604B - 用嵌入的pvd-层涂覆的塑料部件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含基材和施加在该基材上的层体系的塑料部件，其中直接在该基材上施加第一漆层，并且在该漆层上还有PVD层体系，其特征在于，PVD层体系至少包含第一层、第二层和第三层，其中该第一层位于第一漆层上并且构建为粘附层，所述第二层构建为起稳定作用的缓冲层，并且所述第三层构建为着色层。
Description
本发明涉及配有涂层的塑料部件。其特别地涉及为户外应用所设置和因此曝露于不同气候条件下的部件。这样的部件尤其、但不仅仅包括安装在机动车外部区域中的那些塑料部件。对于这样的塑料部件，必须甚至在较长的使用之后还保持视觉上令人满意的表面。
已知借助电镀方法用金属层涂覆塑料部件，并由此实现金属外观的表面。然而，这样的电镀方法如今由于环境相容性是被批判的，因为在该方法中使用的电解质是非常有毒的。因此，必须使用昂贵和复杂的技术，以一方面避免这些有毒物质泄露，并且另一方面环保地清除所消耗的电解质。
或者，已知借助真空涂覆，尤其借助由气相沉积来涂覆塑料表面：这样的方法产生PVD-层，其中PVD表示物理气相沉积。
在EP 1 736 566中描述了一种方法，根据该方法，为获得金属闪光漆将聚合物层施加到热塑性基材的表面上，其中借助PVD将例如铬的金属层沉积在该聚合物层上。该聚合物层的固化例如通过UV-辐射来进行。在EP 1 736 566中，未作出关于应用领域的详细说明。然而在本领域技术人员中产生这样的印象，在EP 1 736 566中提到的物品是这样的日用品，例如容器，其例如用于化妆品工业中。对于这些物品而言，环境影响更确切地说是次要的。这偏离了本发明范围内涉及的涂覆机动车领域用塑料部件的主题。
在涂覆机动车领域用塑料部件方面，层结构看起来是特别有希望的，相应地将PVD层布置在施加于塑料基材上的底漆层和施加于PVD-层上的覆面漆层之间。这样的层体系公开于DE 19745407中。该处描述了一种涂覆用于机动车的塑料部件的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
－ 施加由粉末烤漆（Pulvereinbrennlack）构成的漆层，
－ 借助磁控管在真空中溅洒（Aufstäuben）由金属合金或者金属化合物构成的高光层，
－ 施加透明的耐磨的覆面漆层。
在此清楚的是，覆面漆层最先暴露于环境影响中。因此在DE 19745407中建议，借助CVD方法施加所述覆面漆层。对底漆层而言，相反地基本上必须注意使底漆层良好粘附在基材上，并且PVD-层良好粘附在该底漆层上。底漆层在基材上的良好粘附在DE 19745407中通过使用粉末烤漆作为底漆层得以实现。这在DE 19745407中看起来是绝对必要的。PVD-层在底漆层上的良好粘附在DE 19745407中通过在溅洒高光层之前在真空中实施预处理，特别地通过施加附着力促进剂层得以实现。然而，并未描述什么可用作附着力促进剂层和如何在真空下施加它们。
本发明的目的是提供用于机动车的经涂覆的塑料部件，其涂层赋予该塑料部件所希望的外观，其中表面具有高的耐气候性，并且至少在一定范围内被保护免受强烈的环境影响，例如碎石撞击，并且其中能够经济、成本有利和环保地进行涂覆。
根据本发明，该目的可以用根据权利要求1的经涂覆的塑料部件实现。发明人同样已发现，对环境影响稳定的经涂覆的塑料部件可以通过使用施加到底漆层上的至少三层层片的PVD层得以实现。优选地，向该至少三层层片的PVD层上施加覆面漆层。该至少三层层片的PVD层的芯是位于中心区域中的厚的缓冲层，其赋予整个层体系稳定性。根据本发明，在缓冲层和底漆层之间提供粘附层。根据本发明，在缓冲层上提供赋色层。已证实，由于所述的本发明的结构，可以放弃昂贵的粉末烤漆和相关方法。该缓冲层可能导致PVD-层体系的机械性能，其使底漆从基材表面上的脱落变得困难。作为PVD-层体系的材料，尤其可以使用元素周期表的IVb、Vb和VIb族的元素和铝以及它们的混合物，或者它们相应的氮化物、氧化物和/或碳化物。用元素周期表的IIIA和/或IVA族的元素掺杂可能是有利的。
因此作为底漆，例如可以使用光敏漆，其可以借助UV-辐射来交联，并且可以用简单的喷涂方法来施加。
优选地，在赋色的PVD-层上提供覆面漆层，其对位于其下的PVD-层提供针对腐蚀的化学保护和例如针对碎石撞击的机械保护。
适合作为覆面漆的例如是透明的光敏漆，其可以借助UV-辐射来交联和可以用简单的喷涂方法来施加。根据一个特别优选的实施方案，该UV-交联的漆还包含阻隔UV的物质。通过该阻隔UV的物质，尽管必须用于覆面漆以使其完全交联的时间增长了。但是，安装在机动车外部区域中的塑料部件通常曝露在强烈的阳光辐射下。由于阻隔作用，将阻隔UV的物质引入到UV-交联的覆面漆中导致该塑料部件较缓慢的老化（例如变黄），并且因此导致较长时间保持视觉上令人满意的外观。
现在借助实施例和借助附图，详细地阐述本发明。
图1示意性地展示了根据本发明的实施方案的层结构。
根据本发明的第一实施方案，将10µm厚的底漆层施加到塑料基材上。为此，首先将基材清洁、干燥和放电，然后借助涂漆装置喷涂UV-交联的漆。这样处理的基材在该实施例中借助IR-辐射清除可能存在的溶剂，并且干燥。随后进行强烈的UV辐射，以使该底漆层交联。
在施加、干燥和交联底漆层之后，将基材输送到PVD涂覆装置中。在本实施例中，该涂覆装置是磁控管-溅射装置。由所谓的溅射靶借助离子轰击喷洒要涂覆的材料，并且沉积在该要涂覆的基材上。在本实施例中使用在线装置，其中基材首先经过铬靶。由此将30nm厚的铬层溅洒到底漆上。随后，该基材在PVD-涂覆装置中经过锆靶，并且溅洒100nm厚的锆的缓冲层。最后，该基材再次经过铬靶，这导致溅洒60nm厚的铬的着色层。在所希望的本发明PVD-层体系施加到基材上之后，将该基材从PVD-涂覆中输出。
对于整个层体系的稳定性而言重要的是缓冲层，其在本实施例中通过锆层产生。如发明人已发现的，此外对该缓冲层有利的是可压印内部结构。根据本发明的一个实施方案，缓冲层由不同硬度和/或弹性的多种不同的层材料构成。但是在本实施例中，仅使用锆作为缓冲层的层材料。为给缓冲层压印内部结构，在涂覆期间调整工艺参数。一方面，将涂覆分为6个通过涂覆间歇分隔的涂覆间隔，其中紧接着涂覆间隔的涂覆间歇选择为约为涂覆间隔的一半时间长。另一方面，改变电流强度。如相比于前三个涂覆间隔的电流强度，后三个涂覆间隔的电流强度减少约20%。在本实施例中，对于前三个涂覆间隔使用28安培，而对后三个涂覆间隔使用24安培。通过该方式，在缓冲层中可能依赖于引入深度的密度分布，从而使密与较不密的区域交替，并且因此使缓冲层稳定。优选地，在SEM中分辨（aufzulösen）由此产生的层的层片。
根据本发明的优选的实施方案，这时还涂覆20µm厚的由UV-交联的漆构成的覆面漆层，其特别优选地配备有一种或者多种阻隔UV的物质。在此，可以使用相应于底漆层所述的方法。但是无须清洁经PVD-涂覆的表面，只要基本上紧接着PVD-涂覆用漆涂敷该经PVD-涂覆的塑料部件。
该实施方案的极特别的优点是，PVD-层不形成用于覆面漆层的铝表面。
根据本发明的第二实施方案，同样地将10µm厚的底漆层施加到塑料基材上。为此，将基材首先清洁、干燥和放电，然后借助涂漆装置喷涂UV-交联的漆。这样处理的基材在该实施例中借助IR-辐射清除可能存在的溶剂，并且干燥。随后进行强烈的UV辐射，以使底漆层交联。
在施加、干燥和交联底漆层之后，将基材输送到PVD涂覆装置中。在本实施例中，该涂覆装置是磁控管-溅射装置。由所谓的溅射靶借助离子轰击喷洒要涂覆的材料，并且沉积在该要涂覆的基材上。在本实施例中使用在线装置，其中基材首先经过铬靶。由此将60nm厚的铬层溅洒到底漆上。层厚度优选为20nm至100nm。
随后，该基材在PVD-涂覆装置中经过铝靶，并且溅洒200nm厚的铝的缓冲层。层厚度优选为80nm至250nm。
最终，分成两部分地构成最后的着色层。首先，再次借助喷洒来溅洒60nm厚的铬层。其提供表面的淡蓝色泽。层厚度优选为20nm至100nm。最后，基材再次经过铝靶，这导致溅洒35nm厚的铝层，并且使颜色增亮。层厚度优选为10nm至50nm。
在第二实施方案中，提供覆面漆层也会是有利的。根据本发明的该优选的实施方案，这时还涂覆20µm厚的由UV-交联的漆构成的覆面漆层，其特别优选地配备有一种或者多种阻隔UV的物质。在此，可以使用相应于底漆层所述的方法。但是无须清洁经PVD-涂覆的表面，只要基本上紧接着PVD-涂覆用漆涂敷该经PVD-涂覆的塑料部件。因为尽管最外部的PVD-层是铝层，并且铝非常容易地与氧成键，可能形成氧化铝层，其可对于覆面漆层在PVD-层上的粘附具有影响。因此，上述的本发明的第一实施方案具有优点，即在此可以完全放弃铝。
因此产生的塑料部件可以例如在机动车中布置在内部区域和/或外部区域中。作为用于外部区域的实例，可以提到镶边和散热格栅。
Claims (14)
1.包括基材和施加在所述基材上的层体系的塑料部件，其中直接在所述基材上施加第一漆层，随后在所述漆层上施加PVD层体系，其特征在于，PVD层体系至少包含第一层、第二层和第三层，其中所述第一层位于所述的第一漆层上，并且用作粘附层，所述第二层形成为起稳定作用的缓冲层，和所述第三层用作着色层，其中所述缓冲层包含在SEM中作为层的层片可见的内部结构并且包含不同硬度和/或弹性的多种不同的层材料。
2.根据权利要求1的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述缓冲层包含锆。
3.根据权利要求2的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述缓冲层包含锆层。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述第一漆层具有5µm至40µm的厚度。
5.根据权利要求4的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述第一漆层具有10 µm厚。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述第一漆层是光敏漆制成的UV交联层。
7.根据权利要求1-3任一项的塑料部件，其特征在于，在所述PVD层体系上具有覆面漆层。
8.根据权利要求7的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述覆面漆层是光敏漆制成的UV交联层。
9.根据权利要求7的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述覆面漆层包含UV阻隔剂。
10.根据权利要求1-3任一项的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述层的层片的特点是不同的材料浓度和/或依赖于深度的密度函数。
11.根据权利要求1-3任一项的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述粘附层包含铬层。
12.根据权利要求1-3任一项的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述着色层包含铬和/或铝。
13.根据权利要求12的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述着色层由铬层和位于其上的铝层构成。
14.具有布置在内部区域和/或外部区域中的根据前述权利要求任一项的塑料部件的机动车。
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| PCT/EP2013/003175 WO2014063808A1 (de) | 2012-10-23 | 2013-10-22 | Mit einer eingebetteten pvd-schicht beschichtetes kunststoffteil |
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| DE102016207163A1 (de) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | Samvardhana Motherson Innovative Autosystems B.V. & Co. KG | Beschichtetes kunststoffbauteil und verfahren zur herstellung des beschichteten kunststoffbauteils |
| IT201700066256A1 (it) * | 2017-06-15 | 2018-12-15 | Gianluca Battiloro | Procedimento e impianto per la cromatura di pezzi o prodotti. |
| BR112020002358B1 (pt) * | 2017-08-04 | 2023-12-26 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Pfäffikon | Componentes de válvula revestidos com superfícies deslizantes resistentes à corrosão |
| EP3715117B1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2024-03-06 | NIKE Innovate C.V. | Structurally-colored textile articles and methods for making structurally-colored textile articles |
| US20210047723A1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2021-02-18 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Pfäffikon | Chrome-Look PVD Layer With Improved Adhesion |
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| PL2912204T3 (pl) | 2018-08-31 |
| PT2912204T (pt) | 2018-06-21 |
| ES2675163T3 (es) | 2018-07-09 |
| KR20150073205A (ko) | 2015-06-30 |
| CN105026604A (zh) | 2015-11-04 |
| JP2015535312A (ja) | 2015-12-10 |
| BR112015009126A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
| DE102012020742A1 (de) | 2014-04-24 |
| EP2912204B1 (de) | 2018-03-14 |
| HUE039218T2 (hu) | 2018-12-28 |
| BR112015009126B1 (pt) | 2021-08-31 |
| WO2014063808A1 (de) | 2014-05-01 |
| TR201808457T4 (tr) | 2018-07-23 |
| EP2912204A1 (de) | 2015-09-02 |
| JP6297050B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 |
| US20150376767A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
| KR102212028B1 (ko) | 2021-02-05 |
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