CN1049803A - 空气废气或同等物的净化方法和设备 - Google Patents

空气废气或同等物的净化方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1049803A
CN1049803A CN90107151A CN90107151A CN1049803A CN 1049803 A CN1049803 A CN 1049803A CN 90107151 A CN90107151 A CN 90107151A CN 90107151 A CN90107151 A CN 90107151A CN 1049803 A CN1049803 A CN 1049803A
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韦科·伊尔马斯蒂
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Abstract

净化空气、废气或同等物的方法和设备,用该方 法,空气、废气或同等物通到管道或同等设施中,经过 电离,由一个或一个以上收集器表面(2)借助电荷状 态差异吸引其中的带电杂质粒子(7),使之沉淀在所 述表面上,空气、废气或同等物的电离是借助一个或 一个以上朝向收集器表面的电离电极(5)进行的。电 极或同等器件与收集器表面间的间距及收集器表面 的电荷与带电杂质粒子的带电状态差别调节得使杂 质粒子为离子束基本上直接带到收集器的表面,在表 面上沉淀。

Description

本发明涉及一种净化空气、废气或同等物的方法和设备。用这种方法,空气、废气或同等物是直接通到管道或其同等设施中,经过电离,由一个或一个以上收集器表面借助电荷状态的差异吸引其中的带电杂质粒子,使这些粒子沉淀在所述一个或多个表面上,其中电离过程是借助一个或一个以上朝向收集器表面的电离电极或同等装置进行的。
英国专利公报1,238,438提出了一种在隧道中除去空气中尘埃粒子的方法和设备。上述公报刊登的这个方法是在隧道中设置一些电极,往电极上加高电压。电极与隧道内壁之间产生电场,从而使隧道里空气中的尘埃粒子带电。于是带电的尘埃粒子就被吸引到隧道内壁上。要将空气充分净化,必须将其强烈电离,以便使隧道中的所有尘埃粒子遇到隧道内表面时带电并沉淀下来。此外电极需要好几个,隧道要长。瑞典专利申请8501858-8提出了一种消除或减少SOx和NOx放射的方法。
本发明的目的是消除上述已知技术的缺点。本发明净化空气、废气或同等物的方法,其特征在于,将电离电极或其同等器件与收集器表面之间的间距以及收集器表面的电荷与带电的杂质粒子在带电状态的差别方面调节得使空气、废气或同等物中存在的杂质粒子为离子束基本上直接带到收集器的表面,并在该表面上沉淀下来。
本发明的另一个目的是提供实施上述方法的设备。本发明的净化空气、废气或同等物的设备,包括:一管道或其同等设施,空气、废气或同等物即通入该管道或其同等设施中;一个或一个以上电离元件,用以电离空气、废气或同等物;所述管道或其同等设施设有一个或一个以上收集器表面(2,8,9,20,23,30,37),借助于空气、废气或同等物不同电荷状态吸引带电的杂质粒子(7,14,15,28,29,35,36),从而使这些粒子沉淀在所述一个或多个表面上;所述电离元件是一个朝向收集表面(5,10,11,21,24,25,31,32,38)的电离电极,用以电离空气、废气或同等物,其特征在于,电离电极或其同等器件与收集器表面之间的间距以及收集器表面的电荷与带电的杂质粒子在带电状态的差别方面都调节得使空气、废气或同等物中存在的杂质粒子为离子束基本上直接带到收集器的表面,并在该表面上沉淀下来。
本发明比起现行的一些方法和设备具有下列优点:
即使管道短,净化效率也仍然高。能量消耗比现行方法显著降低。收集器表面用喷水管冲洗即可,因而保养工作量减少。
空气中不同大小的杂质粒子都可加以净化,使空气变成纯净的气体。本发明可除去小到0.005微米和甚至还要小的杂质粒子。
下面参照附图通过举例更详细地说明本发明的内容。附图中:
图1  例示了用本发明的方法在管道中净化空气的情况;
图2  也例示了用本发明的方法在走廊或管道中净化空气的情况;
图3  例示了清洗作为收集器表面的壁面的情况;
图4  示出了净化空气用的管子;
图5  示出了净化空气用的扩大管;
图6  示出了螺旋管;
图7  示出了电压电源;
图8  示出了空气入口和空气出口的结构。
图1  示出了具有侧壁1和2、顶壁3和地板4的一个管道。输送到建筑物中的新鲜空气或待循环使用的空气系通入管道中以除去其中的杂质粒子。为了进行净化,用装设在支架6上并用电缆连接到电源装置的电离电极5将空气加以电离,这稍后即将谈到。电离电极5朝向对面接地并作为杂质粒子收集表面的侧壁2。加到电离电极5的电压(约100-250千伏)以及电离电极与该侧壁之间的距离系调节得使其产生用虚线表示的锥形离子束或离子射流。在这种布局的情况下,带(负)电的杂质粒子7由于其与壁之间的电荷不同而直接移向侧壁2,并在该壁上沉淀下来。在管道附近可以检测出作为冷离子电流的离子射流。电离电极与收集器壁的间距一般为100-1000毫米。
图2  示出了管道的顶视图,管道有接地的侧壁8和9以及装设在支架12和13上的两个电离电极10和11。这种布局可以提高空气的净化效率,因为第一电极10产生锥形离子束,促使杂质粒子14移向壁8,并在壁8上沉淀下来,同时第二电极11也产生离子束,促使杂质粒子15移向另一壁9上,并在壁9上沉淀下来,从而有效地净化了管道整个截面中的空气。
图3  例示了用喷水管冲洗收集器表面2的情况。水通过喷嘴16喷射到表面2上,水则由水槽18经由软管17供应。管道底19呈V字形,这样水就可以汇集到底板中间,从那里再引到例如排水沟中。
图4  示出了带电离电极21的净化管道20。管道弯曲,这样冲洗水会通过出口孔22如箭头所示的那样流出。
图5  示出了设有扩大部分23的净化管道22,扩大部分23是为了降低通过其中的空气流速而设的,扩大部分的壁即作为收集表面。扩大部分设有电离电极24和25,这些电极装在两壁的支架26和27上。杂质粒子28和29如上所述漂向收集表面。图6是一个螺旋管30,带有装在支架33和34上的电离电极31和32。杂质粒子沉淀在管30接了地的壁上。螺旋管的冲洗用水如箭头所示那样通过下端流出。
图7  是电源装置图,电离电极的电压即由这个电源装置供应。电源装置包括高压装置37和低压装置38,它们分别馈以例如220伏的电网电压Vin。高压和低压装置控制脉宽调制器39。脉宽调制器的输出端连接到高压变压器40原边,变压器的输出端连接到高压级联电路41,高压级联电路41的Vout即加到电离电极上。电网电压也馈到微处理器42的电源43。微处理器42连接有电离电流、管道温度和湿度、以及控制冲洗水通过喷嘴的喷射过程的电磁阀的传感器。诸传感器在警报装置44中提供光信号形式的警报,并给调制器提供抑制信号,防止供应电压。输出电压Vout借助于调节元件45进行调节。
图8  是输入空气用的管道37,按上述方式配备有电离电极38。空气输出管道39套在净化管道37外面,因而这种结构的作用与热交换器相似。
熟悉本领域的技术人员都知道,本发明各种不同的实施例并不局限于上述实例,在不脱离下列权利要求书的范围的前提下是可以对它们进行修改的。例如收集器表面可以不采用接地的那一种而采用电荷极性与离子的相反的收集器表面。

Claims (10)

1、一种净化空气、废气或同等物的方法,在这种方法中,空气、废气或其同等物是直接通到管道或其同等设施中,经过电离,由一个或一个以上收集器表面(2,8,9,20,23,30,37)借助于电荷状态的差异吸引空气、废气或同等物中的带电杂质粒子(7,14,15,28,29,35,36),使这些粒子沉淀在所述表面上,其中空气、废气或同等物的电离过程是借助于一个或一个以上朝向收集器表面的电离电极(5,10,11,21,24,25,31,32,38)或其同等器件进行的,其特征在于,将电离电极或同等器件与收集器表面之间的间距以及收集器表面的电荷与带电的杂质粒子在带电状态的差别方面调节得使杂质粒子为离子束基本上直接带到收集器表面,并在该表面上沉淀下来。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,管道壁起收集器表面的作用。
3、实施权利要求1净化空气、废气或同等物的设备,该设备包括:一管道或其同等设施,空气、废气或同等物即通入该管道或其同等设施中;一个或一个以上电离元件,用以电离空气、废气或同等物;所述管道或其同等设施设有一个或以上收集器表面(2,8,9,20,23,30,37),借助于空气、废气或同等物不同电荷状态吸引带电的杂质粒子(7,14,15,28,29,35,36),从而使这些粒子沉淀在所述一个或多个表面上;所述电离元件是一个朝向收集器表面(5,10,11,21,24,25,31,32,38),用以电离空气、废气或同等物的电离电极,其特征在于,该电离电极或其同等器件与收集器表面之间的间距以及收集器表面的电荷与带电的杂质粒子在带电状态的差别方面都调节得使空气、废气或同等物中存在的杂质粒子为离子束基本上直接带到收集器的表面,并在该表面上沉淀下来。
4、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,该设备配备有冲洗收集器表面用的冲洗设备(16-18)。
5、根据权利要求3或4所述的设备,其特征在于,管道20系构制得使冲洗流体,例如水,可以通过出口孔(22)或其同等物从所述管道中流出。
6、根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述管道设有扩大部分(23),供降低通过其中的空气、废气或同等物的流速之用,该扩大部分配备有一个或一个以上的电离电极。
7、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,管30至少一部分呈螺旋形。
8、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,净化管道(37)安置在出口空气管道(39)内部。
9、根据权利要求3-8任一权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,该设备包括一装置(37-41),用以产生高电压提供给电离电极或其同等器件。
10、根据权利要求9所述的设备,其特征在于,该设备包括一监控装置(42),用以在电离电极或其同等器件的湿度、温度或电流超过容许范围时中断供电。
CN90107151A 1989-08-25 1990-08-18 空气废气或同等物的净化方法和设备 Expired - Lifetime CN1027051C (zh)

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ATE147661T1 (de) 1997-02-15
PT95042B (pt) 1998-01-30
SA91120040B1 (ar) 2004-08-14
BR9004201A (pt) 1991-09-03
NZ234893A (en) 1992-09-25
HU905019D0 (en) 1991-01-28
DZ1441A1 (fr) 2004-09-13
IS1574B (is) 1995-06-08
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US6287368B1 (en) 2001-09-11
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CA2023911A1 (en) 1991-02-26
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BG51440A3 (en) 1993-05-14
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DE69029701T2 (de) 1997-05-07
ES2096582T3 (es) 1997-03-16
HUT62206A (en) 1993-04-28
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RU2072264C1 (ru) 1997-01-27
EP0424335A3 (en) 1991-12-11
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