CN104974187A - 菲罗啉类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
菲罗啉类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104974187A CN104974187A CN201410142608.8A CN201410142608A CN104974187A CN 104974187 A CN104974187 A CN 104974187A CN 201410142608 A CN201410142608 A CN 201410142608A CN 104974187 A CN104974187 A CN 104974187A
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical class Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
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- C07F9/65583—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system each of the hetero rings containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新的含磷菲罗啉类衍生物及其制备方法和应用。本发明提供了式(I)所示化合物或其药用盐:其中X是氯或OR3;R1,R2各自独立的选自氢、1-6个碳原子的烷基、-CH2OCO-(1-6个碳原子的烷基)或-CH2OCOO-(1-6个碳原子的烷基);或R1和R2是如下式连接在一起的一个基团:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新的含磷菲罗啉酮化合物及其药用盐,所述化合物的制备方法,所述化合物及其药用盐作为胶原脯氨酰羟化酶抑制剂在制备治疗由胶原合成过量或不足引发的疾病的药物中的应用。
背景技术
下面关于与本发明相关的背景介绍用于帮助对本发明的理解,但不应被认为是本发明的已有技术。所有引用的出版物都被全文参考。
肝纤维化的发病基础是肝脏合成过量胶原(特别是I型胶原collagen I)并分泌过度而沉积在细胞外介质(ECM)(Clin.Sci.1997,92,103)。胶原蛋白的生物学合成过程包括一系列的前骨胶原的翻译后修饰,其中细胞修饰过程需要5种酶的参与,包括3种胶原羟化酶和2种胶原糖基转移酶。在这些羟化酶中,4羟基-脯氨酰羟化酶(P4H)是一个具有2个α亚基(P4Hα1,P4Hα2)和2个β亚基(P4Hβ1,P4Hβ2)的四聚体。其中β亚基是二硫化异构酶,起催化作用的主要部位存在于β亚基,而α亚基的主要作用是决定酶的活性,是胶原合成的重要限速酶。P4H是在所有的已知21种类型胶原合成过程中起关键作用的酶(Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology2010,45,106)。P4H定位在细胞的内置网上,在铁离子,分子氧,α-酮戊二酸和抗坏血酸盐参与下,通过羟化胶原蛋白X-Pro-Gly序列上的脯氨酸残基,催化形成4-羟脯氨酸。
P4H通过羟化前胶原中特定位点的脯氨酰(4-HYP)从而增加胶原三螺旋结在生理条件下的稳定性。相反,如果胶原结构中4-HYP减少,胶原不能正常折叠成三螺旋,在机体生理温度下不稳定而降解(Matrix Biol.2003,22,15)。因此,药理性干预P4H酶活性已被公认为抑制过剩胶原(即纤维化)的有效途径(Hepatol.1998,28,404)。确实,化学合成的小分子P4H抑制剂已在离体和在体实验中证实有阻止胶原合成的作用(J.Hepatol.1997,27,185;Hepatol.1996,23,755;Hepatol.1998,28,404;Biochem.J.1994,300,525;J.Hepatol.1991,13,S35)。例如,P4H抑制剂(bis2-methoxyethl amide of2,4PDCA,HOE077)抑制前胶原mRNA表达和降低肝星状细 胞增殖(Hepatol.Res.2002,23,1;J.Hepatol.1997,27,185),并抑制肝星状细胞激活(Hepatol.1996,23,755)。HOE077对胶原基因和蛋白的抑制曾剂量关系,但对细胞的总蛋白合成无影响。其作用机制可能通过阻止TIMP基因表达,从而促进胶原降解(J.Gastroenterol.1999,34,376)。而且多种P4H抑制剂在几种动物肝硬化模型(CCl4,TAA等)中有抑制肝纤维化的作用(Hepatol.1998,28,404;Hepatol.1996,23,755;J.Hepatol.1997,27,185)。另一种P4H抑制剂FG-041(1,4-dihydrophenantholin-4-one-3carboxylic acid)也报道在动物实验中抑制心肌梗死(Circulation2001,104,2216)。其他报道包括P4H抑制剂抑制膀胱阻滞等(Urology2012,80,1390)。
由于P4H在机体内无处不在,将P4H抑制剂靶向输送到疾病器官而不影响其他正常器官是开发安全有效P4H抑制剂的关键。九十年代德国公司(Hoechst Marion Roussel Deutschland GmbH,现为法国塞诺菲)最先开发出HOE077治疗肝硬化(Hepatol.1996,23,755;J.Hepatol.1997,27,185),前临床实验中效果显著,但在临床实验中出现严重不良反应如白内障等。还检索到文献报道了胶原抑制可严重影响眼,肾脏等重要器官功能(J.Biol.Chem.2010,285,42023),而胶原合成广泛存在于在细胞基质中,因此器官细胞基质胶原形成受到抑制后可直接导致大分子渗出,从而引起器官功能改变。因此,如何能将P4H抑制剂输送到指定的器官从而有效安全的组织给器官的胶原合成已成为是否能开发出P4H抑制剂治疗器官纤维化(如肝纤维化)的关键。前体给药疗法在靶向治疗方面被广泛使用(J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.2005,312,554)。本专利采用肝脏前体给药是指将药物的有效成分进行修饰,修饰后形成的药物前体几乎无药效作用。给药后前体只有在肝脏特有的酶(如细胞色素P450,CYP)代谢裂解后形成有效成分,从而在肝脏内发挥药效。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新的含磷菲罗啉酮化合物及其药用盐,本发明的另一目的还在于提供所述化合物及其药用盐的制备方法,本发明的再一目的是提供所述化合物及其药用盐作为胶原脯氨酰羟化酶抑制剂在制备治疗由胶原合成过量或不足引发的疾病的药物中的应用。
术语定义
下面的术语运用于本发明中,除非特殊解释,否则将遵循下面的定义。
术语“烷基”指包含直链、支链、环状、上至并包含20个碳原子的饱和脂肪烃基团。合适的烷基基团包括有甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、以及环丙基等。烷基也可以带有1-3个取代基。
术语“芳基”指含有5-14个环原子,至少一个环拥有共轭π电子体系的芳香基团,包括有全碳原子的芳环、芳杂环和并芳环或联芳环,并可带有取代基。芳基可以带有1-6个取代基。
杂芳环或者芳杂环是指含有5-14个环上原子的基团,其中1-4个杂原子为芳香环上原子,其余环上原子为碳原子。适合的杂原子有氧、硫、氮和硒原子。合适的芳杂环有呋喃、噻吩、吡啶、吡咯烷、氮上带有低碳数烷基取代基的吡咯烷、吡啶氮氧化物、嘧啶、吡嗪、咪唑及其他类似杂环,并均可带有取代基。
术语“随意取代”或“取代”指基团带有1至4个不同的取代基,可以分别是低碳数烷基、低碳数芳基、低碳数芳烷基、低碳数环状烷基、低碳数杂环烷基、羟基、低碳数烷氧基、低碳数芳氧基、多卤代烷氧基、芳烷氧基、低碳数杂芳基、低碳数杂芳氧基、低碳数杂芳烷基、低碳数杂芳烷氧基、叠氮基、氨基、卤素、低碳数烷巯基、氧基、低碳数酰烷基、低碳数羧酸酯基、羧酸、酰胺基、硝基、低碳数酰氧基、低碳数胺烷基、低碳数烷胺芳基、低碳数烷芳基、低碳数烷胺烷基、低碳数烷氧芳基、低碳数芳胺基、低碳数芳烷胺基、磺酰基、低碳数酰胺烷芳基、低碳数酰胺芳基、低碳数羟烷基、低碳数卤代烷基、低碳数烷胺烷羧基、低碳数脲烷基、氰基、低碳数烷氧烷基、低碳数多卤代烷基、低碳数芳烷氧烷基。
“取代芳基”和“取代杂芳基”指芳环或者杂芳环基团上带有1-6个取代基。这些取代基可以是低碳数烷基、低碳数烷氧基、低碳数多卤代烷基、卤素、羟基和氨基。
术语“卤素”指氟、氯、溴和碘。
词组“有效治疗剂量”指的是改善、减轻、去除或者预防、改变、延迟某种特定疾病状况的一个或多个症状所需要的一种化合物或化合物组合的剂量.
术语“药用盐”指通式I的化合物及其前体药与有机酸碱和无机酸碱混合生成的盐。合适的酸包括乙酸、己二酸、苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、1,2-乙二磺酸、十二烷基磺酸、富马酸、葡萄糖甲酸、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖醛酸、马尿酸、半乙醇酸盐酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、氢碘酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、马来酸、甲磺酸、甲基硼酸、硫酸单甲酯、2-萘磺酸、硝酸、油酸、帕莫酸、磷酸、多聚半乳糖醛酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、 硫酸、磺基水杨酸、鞣酸、酒石酸、对苯二甲酸、对甲基苯磺酸。与合适的碱混合生成的盐包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、锂盐、铯盐、氨基酸盐。
术语“患者”指接受治疗的雄性及雌性哺乳动物,例如狗、猫、牛、马、羊以及人。
术语“前体药”指当被放入一个生物体系中,可以经由自发的化学反应、酶催化的化学反应、代谢化学反应或这几种反应的综合作用释放出生物活性化合物的物质。常见的前体药是由某些基团与如羟基、巯基、羧基和氨基等药物分子的官能团相连形成的,这些连接在生物体内会断裂。常见的前体药包括并不仅限于酯,其中的基团可以是连接在羧基上的烷基、芳基、芳烷基、酰氧烷基、烷氧羰氧烷基,也可以是连接在羟基、巯基、氨基上的酰基、烷氧羰基、氨羰基、磷酸酯或硫酸酯。这些提到的基团仅仅是例子,并不是全部,任何熟悉的人都可以制备出其他已知的多种类型的前体药。通式I化合物的前体药也在此范围内。前体药必须经过某种形式的化学反应转换为具有生物活性的化合物或活性化合物的前体。某些情况下,前体药也具有生物活性,但通常会比药物本身的活性低,这种情况下,前药会通过提高口服生物利用度或者药动半衰期等性质提高药物的疗效或安全性。前体药可以用于提高药物的生物利用度,还可以通过遮盖或降低令人不快的特性(例如苦味或胃肠刺激)提高药物的可接受程度,改变溶解性用于静脉注射,延长或保留释放和送药,降低配方难度,或者是定位给药。前药在以下几篇专著中有详细的介绍。(The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action,by Richard B.Silverman,Academic Press,San Diego,1992.Chapter8:“Prodrugs and Drug delivery Systems”pp.352-401;Design of Prodrugs,edited by H.Bundgaard,Elsevier Science,Amsterdam,1985;Design of Biopharmaceutical Properties through Prodrugs and Analogs,Ed.by E.B.Roche,American Pharmaceutical Association,Washington,1977;and Drug Delivery Systems,ed.by R.L.Juliano,Oxford Univ.Press,Oxford,1980.)
术语“对映异构体过量百分值(%ee)”用于表述光学纯度。%ee值通过下面这个公式计算得到
公式中的[R]代表着R异构体的量,[S]代表S异构体的量。可以通过这个公式计算出当R异构体为主要异构体时的%ee值。
术语“治疗”一种疾病,包括以下几种情况。对一只倾向于患病但仍未出现疾病症状的动物,预防疾病的发生(预防疗法),制止疾病(减慢或停止疾病的发展),使得疾病的症状及副作用减轻(包括保守疗法),和减轻疾病(导致疾病复原)。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
具有通式I的化合物及其可药用盐:
通式I
其中:X是氯或者OR3基;R1,R2分别独立,可以是氢、1-6个碳原子的烷基、-CH2OCO-(1-6个碳原子的烷基)或-CH2OCOO-(1-6个碳原子的烷基);R1和R2也可以是如下式的连接在一起的一个基团:
Y是芳基或杂芳基;
R3是氢、-C(O)-(1-6个碳原子的烷基)、-PO(OH)2或-CH2OPO(OH)2;
一方面,X可以独立的从氯和OR3基团中选择;
另一方面,R1和R2可以分别从氢、1-6个碳的烷基、-CH2OCO-(1-6个碳原子的烷基)、-CH2OCOO-(1-6个碳原子的烷基)中选择;R3是氢、-C(O)-(1-6个碳原子的烷基)、R1和R2也可以是如下式的连接在一起的一个基团:
Y是芳基,杂芳基
一方面,通式I包括下式的化合物:
另一方面,通式I(本发明)也包括下式的化合物:
通式I化合物的合成方法:
本发明的化合物可以按照下述的过程制备,也可由有经验的人通过公开发表文献中的类似方法合成。需要被明确的一点是,下述的方法仅仅是用来说明制备过程,本发明的权利要求不被局限于此。通式I的典型合成方法可以被归纳为基本的几步(从后到前的顺序):(1)前体药的制备;(2)膦酸酯的去保护;(3)喹啉环的修饰;(4)喹啉环的合成;(5)关键中间体的合成。路线中保护和去保护的具体操作可参考已知文献(例如,“Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis”3rd Edition,Wiley,1999).
本发明化合物的所有立体异构体都有独特的作用,无论是混合物还是大体纯还是纯品。本发明的化合物可以在磷原子及任何碳原子(包含任何R取代基)上有手性中心。因此,通式I的化合物可以以对映异构体和非对映异构体的形式存在,或者是混合物。制备流程中使用的起始物可以是消旋体,对映异构体以及非对映异构体。生成的对映异构体或非对映异构体可以使用常规方法分离。例如,色谱法或分段结晶可以用来分离非对映异构体,对映异构体的衍生物可以用色谱法分离。
1)前体药的制备
前体药可以在合成的不同阶段引入。由于不同前体药的不稳定性,通常都是在合成的临近结束阶段引入,但也有因为其他原因在合成的初始阶段引入的情况。
通式I的化合物可以是膦酸(R1和R2都是氢),也可以形成合适的被保护状态,膦酸可以与亲电子体(如卤代烷和硫酸烷酯)在亲核反应的条件下生成膦酸酯。例如, 当R1和R2是酰氧烷基时,通式I的化合物可以由R1和R2是氢时的化合物同适当的酰氧烷基卤素(例如,氯、溴、碘;Phosphorus Sulfur1990,54,143;Synthesis1988,62)在适当的碱(例如吡啶,三乙胺,二异丙基乙基胺)作用下,在适当的溶剂(如DMF,J.Med.Chem.1994,37,1875)中反应制得。酰氧烷基卤素中的羧酸酯部分可以是但不局限于乙酸酯,丙酸酯,异丁酸值,三甲基乙酸酯,苯甲酸酯,碳酸酯及其他的羧酸酯。
活泼的膦酰二氯可以由对应的膦酸同氯代试剂(例如,二氯亚砜,J.Med.Chem.1994,1857;草酰氯,Tetrahedron Lett.1990,31,3261;五氯化磷,Synthesis1974,490)反应生成。此外,膦酰二氯还可以由对应的二硅基膦酸酯(Synth.Commu.1987,17,1071)和二烷基膦酸酯(Tetrahedron Lett.1983,24,4405;Bull.Soc.Chim.1993,130,485)制备。
环状的膦酸1,3-丙二醇酯既可以由对应的膦酰二氯同取代的1,3-丙二醇反应也可以使用适当的偶联试剂(例如,DCC,EDCI,PyBOP;Synthesis1988,62)进行偶联反应。活泼的膦酰二氯可以由对应的膦酸同氯代试剂(例如,二氯亚砜,J.Med.Chem.1994,1857;草酰氯,Tetrahedron Lett.1990,31,3261;五氯化磷,Synthesis1974,490)反应生成。此外,膦酰二氯还可以由对应的二硅基膦酸酯(Synth.Commu.1987,17,1071)和二烷基膦酸酯(Tetrahedron Lett.1983,24,4405;Bull.Soc.Chim.1993,130,485)制备。
此外,环状的膦酸1,3-丙二醇酯还可以由膦酸和二醇在光岩反应条件下偶联制得(Synthesis1981,1;J.Org.Chem.1992,52,6331),以及其他的酸偶联试剂,包括但不局限于,羰基二亚胺(Collect.Czech.Chem.Commun.1994,59,1853;Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.1992,2,145;Tetrahedron Lett.1988,29,1189),还有PyBOP(Tetrahedron Lett.1993,34,6743)。
一方面,本发明公开了合成以及分离通式I膦酸前药单体的方法。由于磷原子是一个手性中心,使用取代1,3丙二醇的消旋体制备的前药会是一个异构体的混合物。例如,使用消旋的1-Y取代的1,3-丙二醇会生成一个消旋的顺式前药混合物和消旋的反式前药混合物。另一方面,使用R对映异构体富集的取代1,3-丙二醇会得到对映异构体富集的R-顺式前体药和R-反式前体药。这些化合物可以通过结合使用色谱柱层析和(或)分段结晶的方式分离。
2)膦酸酯的去保护
R1是氢的通式I化合物可以使用已知的磷酸酯和膦酸酯的断裂条件将膦酸酯反应制备。卤代硅烷经常被用切断不同的膦酸酯,获得的硅膦酸酯可以经由温和的水解过程得到目标膦酸。如有需要,在合成酸断裂的化合物时,可以使用酸清除剂(如,六甲基二硅氮烷,2,6-二甲基吡啶)。这些卤代硅烷包括三甲基氯硅烷(J.Org.Chem.1963,28,2975),三甲基溴硅烷(Tetrahedron Lett.1977,155),三甲基碘硅烷(J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun.1978,870)。此外,膦酸酯还可以在强酸条件下断裂(例如,氢溴酸或盐酸,U.S.Patent3,524,846,1970)。这些膦酸酯还可以通过使用卤代试剂(如五氯化磷,二氯亚砜,三溴化硼;J.Chem.Soc.1961,238)转化为磷酰二氯后水解生成膦酸。芳香基及苄基膦酸酯还可以通过氢解条件(Synthesis1982,412;J.Med.Chem.1985,28,1208;Nature1953,171,76)或金属还原条件(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1977,99,5118)断裂。电化学(J.Org.Chem.1979,44,4508)和高温热解(Synth.Commun.1980,10,299)条件也可用于断裂不同的膦酸酯。
(3)含磷菲罗啉酮的合成
菲罗啉酮母核的构建可以用文献确立的条件。例如下面方案所示的热关环策略。
芳胺1在3-硝基苯磺酸钠,硫酸和甘油的条件下生成喹啉2.喹啉2在醋酸中被NBS溴代得到化合物3,再使用铁酸还原得到化合物4.化合物4膦酸化得到膦酸酯5,再同化合物16反应后经历热关环反应得到R为氢的菲罗啉酮7(在通式I中,则是X为羟基,R1和R2是乙基)。化合物7同氢氧化钠反应得到R是氢的化合物8(通式I中是,X是羟基,R1是氢,R2是乙基);另外,化合物7同48%氢溴酸反应得到R是氢的化合物9(通式I中,X是羟基,R1和R2是氢)。在某些情况下,想要的取代基并不适于接下来的反应,这时可以设想对已有的菲罗啉酮环使用常规化学进行修饰(Larock,Comprehensive organic transformations,VCH,New York,1989;Trost,Comprehensive organic synthesis;Pergamon press,New York,1991)。
前体药通常在合成的靠后阶段引入,但出于其他考虑,有时也可将前药在早期阶段引入。例如,环状膦酸二酯前药可以按照下面方案所示合成。
化合物3经膦酸化得到膦酸酯10,膦酸酯10用48%氢溴酸去保护后得到膦酸11.膦酸11同三氯氧磷反应得到活泼磷酰二氯12,并迅速与二醇20偶联(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2004,5154)得到化合物13.化合物13上的硝基还原后与化合物17反应,接下来的热关环反应得到R是氢的菲罗啉酮16(通式I中,X是羟基,R1和R2一同构成环状基团)。
还可以通过引入第二个前体药基团来获得期望的性质。例如,化合物16c与氯磷酸酯在合适的碱(如三乙胺)和催化剂(如4-二乙胺基吡啶)作用下在适当的溶剂(如二氯甲烷)中反应可以得到磷酸酯21。二乙基磷酸酯的脱保护可以通过使用常见的磷酸酯脱保护试剂实现。例如,化合物21经三甲基溴硅烷处理可得到磷酸酯22,其后还可以进一步转化为期望的盐。例如,化合物22经碳酸氢钠的水和甲醇混合溶液处理可以得到二钠盐23。
另一方面,还可以引入其他类型的前体药来获得期望的性质。例如,化合物16c在合适的溶剂(如二甲亚砜)中经适当的碱(如碳酸钾)处理后与二叔丁基磷酸氯甲酯反应可以得到磷酸酯24。使用常见的叔丁酯去保护试剂可以实现二叔丁基磷酸酯的脱保护。例如,化合物24在二氯甲烷中经三氟乙酸处理可得到磷酸酯25,其后可进一步转化为预期的盐。
通式I化合物或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防与胶原4-羟基脯氨酰羟化酶相关的疾病药物中的应用。
通式I化合物或其体内代谢产物或其药用盐作为胶原4-羟基脯氨酰羟化酶抑制剂的应用。
本发明通式I化合物或其药用盐用于给动物服用可治疗由胶原蛋白合成过量或不足导致的疾病。
本发明将治疗有效剂量的通式I化合物或其药用盐用于给慢性肝损伤的动物服用可治疗肝纤维化。
本发明将治疗有效剂量的通式I化合物或其药用盐用于给有发展出糖尿病危险的动物服用,可防止肝纤维化。
本发明的化合物的制剂:
本发明的化合物可以以每天0.01到2500毫克的剂量服用。一方面,这个剂量区域是5毫克左右到500毫克左右。该服用剂量可以随意分配。
本发明化合物可以与其他的药物共同使用,可以使用正常剂量,也可以用适当比例。本发明的化合物可以作为复合治疗方案中的一部分,也被称为联合给药或鸡尾酒疗法,多种药物可以一同服用,也可以同时或分批单独服用,或者顺序服用。本发明的化合物可以在使用其他药物一段时间后再使用,可以同其他药物在一个疗程内使用,可以作为复合治疗方案中的一部分,或者在一个治疗过程中在用另一种药物治疗前先服用。
为实现治疗目的,本发明中的化合物可以同药学适宜的载体、辅料和介质制成制剂通过多种途径给药,包括口服、肠胃外给药、呼吸道喷剂、局部或直肠给药。此处使用的术语肠胃外给药包括皮下注射、静脉注射、肌肉注射和动脉注射等多种注射方式。此处提到的动脉注射和静脉注射都是通过导管给药,一般说来,静脉注射更优先。
本发明化合物的药用盐包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、锂盐、铯盐、氨基酸盐、醋酸盐、己二酸盐、苯磺酸盐、氢溴酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、盐酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、丙酸酯月桂硫酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、葡糖醛酸盐、马尿酸盐、海克酸盐、溴化物、氯化物、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基溴化物、甲基磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、磷酸盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、单宁酸盐、酒石酸盐、对苯二甲酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、以及三乙基碘化物。
药物中的有效成分会因为不同的给药方式具有不同的状态。以口服给药为例,可以制备成片剂、糖锭剂、菱形锭剂、水悬浊液或油悬浊液、可分散粉末或微粒、乳浊液、硬胶囊或软胶囊、糖浆及酏剂。制备成为口服药剂的方法可参照已知药物的生产流程,制剂中也可以为适于口服添加如甜味剂,调味剂,染色剂和防腐剂在内的多种其他成分。为适于生产,片剂中也可加入无毒符合药物标准的赋形剂。例如,这些赋形剂可以是如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙、以及磷酸钠的惰性稀释药;可以是玉米淀粉、褐藻酸之类的粉碎剂和颗粒剂;可以是如淀粉、凝胶、树胶之类的交联剂;还可以是如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸之类的润滑剂。片剂还可以用已知方法包裹或剥离糖衣,包括使用微封装技术来延长药剂在胃肠道中分解、吸收的时间,从而获得更长的作用时间。例如,像甘油单硬脂酸酯或甘油双硬脂酸酯这样的时间延长剂可以单独或跟蜡一起使用。
口服制剂可以将有效成分同固体惰性稀释剂(如磷酸钙,高岭土)混合后封装于硬凝胶胶囊内,也可以将有效成分同水或油介质(如花生油,液体石蜡,橄榄油)混合封装成软凝胶胶囊。
本发明的活性物质也可以同适于工业生产的赋形剂混合制成水悬浮液。这类赋形剂包括如纤维素甲基羧酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、树叶胶和阿拉伯橡胶的悬浮剂;如天然磷脂(如卵磷脂),环氧烷同脂肪酸的缩合产物(如聚乙二醇硬脂酸酯),环氧乙烷和长链脂肪醇的缩合产物(如十七碳烷乙烯氧基乙醇),环氧乙烷同与脂肪酸部分酯化的己糖醇的缩合 产物(如聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖单油酸酯)的分散剂和湿润剂。水悬浮液中也可以有一种或多种如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯的防腐剂,一种或多种的染色剂,一种或多种调味剂,一种或多种甜味剂,如蔗糖和糖精。
也可以通过将活性成分置于植物油(如花生油,橄榄油,芝麻油,椰子油)或矿物油(如液体石蜡)中制成油悬浮液制剂。口服悬浮制剂可以有粘稠剂(如蜂蜡,硬石蜡,十六烷基醇)。甜味剂(如前文所述),调味剂也可以加入制剂使之更适于服用。可以通过向制剂中加入抗坏血酸之类的抗氧化剂来保存。
本发明的分散粉剂和颗粒可以用于制备水悬浮液,将活性成分加入水中,并加入分散剂,湿润剂,悬浮剂,一种及多种防腐剂。前文已公开实例合适的分散剂,湿润剂及悬浮剂。其他的赋形剂,如甜味剂,调味剂和染色剂,也可加入。
本发明的药学成分也可制成油水乳浊液的形式。油相可以是植物油(如橄榄油和花生油),矿物油(如液体石蜡),或混合油。适合的乳化剂包括天然树胶(如阿拉伯树胶,黄芪胶),天然磷脂(如大豆卵磷脂),脂肪酸与己糖醇的缩合酯或部分缩合酯(如山梨聚糖单油酸酯),以及这些部分缩合酯同环氧乙烷的缩合产物(如聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖单油酸酯)。乳化液也可加入甜味剂和调味剂。
糖浆及酏剂可与甜味剂(如甘油,山梨醇,蔗糖)一起制成制剂。这类制剂中可以包含缓和剂,防腐剂,调味剂及染色剂。
本发明的药剂形式还可以制成无菌水悬浮液或含油悬浮液,应用于无菌注射。可以应用现有方法,使用上面提到的合适的分散剂或湿润剂和悬浮剂制备悬浮液。无菌注射液还可以是无毒可用于注射的稀释剂或溶剂制成的溶液或悬浮液,例如制备成冰干粉末,溶于1,3-丁二醇。可使用的载体和溶剂可以是水,林格氏溶液,生理盐水。此外,经无菌处理的油也可用作溶剂或悬浮介质。任何温和油,包括合成单甘油酯和二甘油酯都可以使用。此外,如油酸的脂肪酸也可用于注射制剂。
与运载物混合制成一份药剂的活性成分的剂量因接受治疗的主体和给药方式有变化。例如,给人口服的缓释制剂会含有20到2000微摩(大约10到1000毫克)的活性成分以及适当的载体(占总成分的5%到95%)。可以提供准确服用剂量的制剂方式更合适。例如,用于静脉注射的水溶液为满足每小时30毫升的注入量,每毫升需要含有大约0.05到50微摩(大约0.025到25毫克)的活性成分。
如上面注解,口服制剂可以制成分离的单元,如胶囊、扁囊剂、片剂,每个单元含有固定剂量的活性成分;可以制成粉末或颗粒;可以制成水或非水液体的溶液和悬浮液;或油水乳浊液或水油乳浊液。活性成分还可以以大丸药、干药糖剂和浆糊的形态服用。
选择性的与一种或多种附加成分混合,可以通过压片与灌铸制作片剂。压片是将自由流动的活性成分(粉末或颗粒)选择性的与交联剂(如聚乙烯吡啶酮,凝胶,羟丙基甲基纤维素),润滑剂,惰性稀释剂,防腐剂,分解剂(如淀粉羟乙酸钠,交联聚乙烯吡啶酮,交联纤维素甲基羧酸钠),表面活化剂或分散剂混合后在适当的机器中压紧制成的。灌铸片剂是粉末状化合物由惰性液体稀释剂湿润后灌注于模具中制成的。片剂也可以在制剂时选择加衣和刻纹,用于减慢或控制有效成分的释放,例如,不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素可以提供不同的释放速度。片剂可以加肠衣,使其不在胃中,而在肠中释放。鉴于通式I的化合物可能会在酸中水解,这种制剂方式有着很大的优势。
口腔局部给药的适合制剂包括将活性成分置于调味基(通常为蔗糖,阿拉伯胶,黄芪胶)上的锭剂;活性成分置于惰性基(凝胶,甘油,蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)上的锭剂;以及活性成分置于合适液体载体中的漱口液。
直肠给药的制剂可以是活性化合物置于适当的基础(如可可,黄油,水杨酸盐)上的栓剂。
阴道给药的制剂可以在子宫套,止血棉塞,乳霜,凝胶,浆糊,泡沫或喷剂中加入活性成分和其他已知的适合的载体。
注射给药的制剂包括水无菌注射溶液或非水等渗透压无菌注射溶剂,其中包含抗氧化剂,缓冲盐,杀菌剂和使制剂与受者血液等渗透压的溶质;水和非水无菌悬浮液,其中可能包含有悬浮剂和粘稠剂。制剂可以是单元剂量封装,也可以是多剂量封装,例如,安瓿和小瓶,可以冰干储存,在使用前加入无菌液体载体(如注射用水)。注射用溶液和悬浮液可以如前所述,用无菌粉末,颗粒和片剂制成。
注射用制剂可以通过使用内泵和药带,采用连续注入的方式给药。注入可以采用Hickman方法或PICC方法或任何其他适用于注射及静脉注射的给药方式。
建议药剂单元剂量包含每天药量或单元,每次药量,以及每天用药次数。
需要明确的是,任何单独的患者的特定服药剂量有一系列因素决定,包括所使用的特定化合物的活性,年纪,体重,健康状况,性别以及营养状况;给药时间和途径;排 泄速度;此前服用过的其他药物;患症的严重程度。这一点任何精通本领域的人都应能理解.
附图说明
图1为化合物9c对P4H酶的50%抑制浓度(IC50)。
图2为口服给药23(30mg/kg)后,血浆中化合物16c的时间-浓度曲线。
图3为口服给药23(30mg/kg)后,肝脏中化合物16c的时间-浓度曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明中的化合物及制备可以通过下面的实例更好地说明。这些实例不应被解读为本发明的局限,现在已知的或将来开发的这些化合物的变化体也应被认为属于本发明的范畴并申请保护。
8-硝基喹啉(2c)制备
依次将20毫升水、47克浓硫酸、23.4克3-硝基苯磺酸钠、22毫升甘油加入到反应瓶中。缓慢加热至形成溶液(85℃),分批加入11克2-硝基苯胺。回流反应5小时,冷却至室温,冰浴下缓慢倒入600毫升水中,用氨水调至pH6–7,抽滤,滤饼干燥后柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5)得6.177g黄色固体2c,收率44%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ9.09(dd,J=1.8Hz,4.5Hz,1H),8.28(dd,J=1.8Hz,8.4Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=9Hz,2H),7.66-7.55(m,2H)
3-溴-8-硝基喹啉(3c)制备
将化合物2c6.177克加入到110毫升冰醋酸中,再加入6.651克N-溴代丁二酰亚胺。
50℃反应2小时,反应液冷却后搅拌下倒入600毫升水中,抽滤,滤饼干燥后柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:15)得2.625克黄色固体3c,收率29%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ9.06(dd,J=0.3Hz,2.1Hz1H),8.44(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.06(d, J=7.5Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=7.8Hz,1H).
3-溴喹啉-8-胺(4c)制备
将化合物13.0克3c加入到150毫升乙醇中,再依次加入11.6克铁粉,11.0克氯化铵,回流反应过夜。反应液冷却后硅藻土过滤,蒸干滤液柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5)得8.23克黄色固体4c,收率72%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.72(dd,J=2.1Hz1H),8.21(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.35(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.05(dd,J=1.2Hz,8.1Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=1.2Hz,7.5Hz,1H),4.98(s,2H).
8-氨基喹啉-3-膦酸二乙酯(5c)制备
氮气保护下将4.0克化合物4c加入到53毫升乙醇中,再依次加入3.0毫升亚磷酸二乙酯、3.7毫升三乙胺、1.27克三苯基膦、800毫克醋酸钯。回流反应过夜,反应液降至室温后加入100毫升水,乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。有机相浓缩后柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:1),得1.4克黄色油5c,收率25%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.98(dd,J=1.8Hz,4.2Hz,1H),8.59(dd,J=2.1Hz,15.3Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.01(dd,J=1.2Hz,7.5Hz,1H),4.20–4.07(m,4H),1.35(t,J=6.9Hz,6H).
8-((2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧环己烷-4,6-二酮)-5-亚甲氨基)喹啉-3-膦酸二乙酯(6c)制备
氮气氛围下将1.4克化合物5c加入到40毫升乙醇中,再加入1.3克化合物17。回流反应过夜,反应液降至室温,蒸出溶剂,柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:1)得1.125克黄色固体6c,收率52%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ12.8(d,J=15Hz,1H),9.20(dd,J=1.8Hz,4.2Hz,1H),8.91(d,J=14.7Hz,1H),8.74(dd,J=1.8Hz,15.3Hz1H),7.80-7.76(m,2H),7.67(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.30–4.09(m,4H),1.81(s,6H),1.76(s,1H),1.35(t,J=6.9Hz,6H).
7-羟基-1,10-菲罗啉-3-膦酸二乙酯(7c)制备
将1.1克化合物6c快速加入到沸腾的二苯醚中,回流搅拌2分钟,反应液降温至100℃后搅拌下倒入640毫升石油醚中,抽滤,滤饼柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1)得650毫克黄色固体7c,收率77%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ10.8(s,1H),9.31(dd,J=1.8Hz,5.1Hz,1H),8.72(dd,J=1.8Hz,14.7Hz,1H),8.49(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.94(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=9Hz,1H),6.62(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.35–4.14(m,4H),1.39(t,J=6.9Hz,6H).
7-羟基-1,10-菲罗啉-3-膦酸(9c)制备
将650毫克化合物7c加入到48%氢溴酸中,回流反应过夜。反应液降至室温,蒸干 溶剂,加少量水搅拌,抽滤,干燥得513毫克灰色固体9c,收率95%。
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O)δ8.99(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=12.6Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),740(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.19(d,J=7.2Hz,1H)
8-硝基喹啉-3-膦酸二乙酯(10c)制备
N2氛围下,依次向反应瓶中加入30克化合物3c、23.4克乙酸钾、18.4毫升亚磷酸二乙酯、300毫升甲苯、1克[1,1’-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁]二氯化钯二氯甲烷络合物,回流反应3小时,加入乙酸乙酯稀释,硅胶过滤,滤液蒸干得46克10c。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ9.28(dd,J=1.8Hz,4.2Hz,1H),8.82(dd,J=1.8Hz,15Hz,1H),8.16(t,J=6Hz,2H),7.21(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.74(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.33–4.11(m,4H),1.37(t,J=6.9Hz,6H).
8-硝基喹啉-3-膦酸(11c)制备
将44.5克化合物10c加入到230毫升48%氢溴酸中,回流反应4小时,降温蒸干溶剂,固体用乙醇和乙酸乙酯混合洗涤2小时,抽滤,得31.5克黄色固体11c,收率79%(两步)。
1H NMR(300MHz,D2O)δ9.18(dd,J=1.8Hz,6Hz,1H),8.98(dd,J=1.8Hz,13.2Hz,1H),8.54(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.36(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.81(t,J=7.8Hz,1H).
8-硝基喹啉-3-磷酰二氯(12c)制备
将50.3克化合物11c加入到650毫升二氯乙烷中,加入3.6毫升N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,冰浴下滴加42毫升草酰氯,滴毕回流反应过夜。降温蒸干,所得12c直接用于下一步反应。
(4S)-4-(3-氯苯基)-2-(8-硝基喹啉-3-基)-1,3-二氧-2-磷环己烷磷氧化物(13c)
将36.95克(s)-1-(3-氯苯基)丙基-1,3-二醇20加入到540毫升二氯甲烷中,-78℃下滴加22毫升四氯化钛,滴毕搅拌5分钟,移至冰浴下搅拌5分钟,滴加110毫升三乙胺。将上述溶液滴加到化合物12c的二氯甲烷溶液中,滴毕,室温反应过夜。加入700毫升二氯甲烷稀释后,加入210毫升10%酒石酸搅拌2分钟。硅藻土过滤,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸干后用乙腈重结晶两次,得35.5克黄色固体13c,收率44%。
m/z:405.1[M+1];
(4S)-4-(3-氯苯基)-2-(8-氨基喹啉-3-基)-1,3-二氧-2-磷环己烷磷氧化物(14c)制备
将62.9克化合物13c加入到160毫升/160毫升乙醇/冰乙酸中,再加入43.6克铁 粉,40℃反应10分钟,降温,饱和碳酸钠溶液调PH6,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸干得50克黄色固体14c,收率86%。
m/z:375.0[M+1];
(4S)-4-(3-氯苯基)-2-(8-((2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧环己烷-4,6-二酮)-5-亚甲氨基)喹啉-3-基)-1,3-二氧-2-磷环己烷磷氧化物(15c)制备
将49克化合物14c加入到320毫升乙醇中,再加入31.4克化合物5-(乙氧基亚甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧环己烷-4,6-二酮17,回流反应2小时,降温,抽滤,得60克黄色固体15c,收率87%。
m/z:529.0[M+1],找到471.0;
(4S)-4-(3-氯苯基)-2-(7-羟基-1,10-菲罗啉-3-基)-1,3-二氧-2-磷环己烷磷氧化物(16c)制备
将3克化合物15c快速加入到沸腾的二苯醚中,回流50秒,降至100℃,倒入500毫升石油醚中,抽滤,滤饼进行柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=30:1),得黄色固体16c1.676克,收率70%。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO)δ12.5(s,1H),9.34(dd,J=2.1Hz,5.1Hz,1H),9.15(dd,J=1.8Hz,15.3Hz,1H),8.27(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.12-7.98(m,2H),7.56(s,1H),7.47-7.43(m,3H),6.36(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.96(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),4.82(t,J=11.7Hz,1H),4.65–4.55(m,1H), 2.68-2.54(m,1H),2.28(d,J=14.4Hz,1H).
3-氯苯甲酰乙酸甲酯(18)制备
氮气氛围下将15克叔丁醇钾加入到50毫升四氢呋喃中,室温搅拌15分钟,冰浴下10克1–(3-氯苯基)乙酮和11毫升碳酸二甲酯缓慢滴加到反应瓶中,室温搅拌1.5小时。向反应液中加入40毫升水及1.3毫升稀盐酸溶液,搅拌15分钟,分离有机相,水相用甲苯萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤蒸干得13.22克棕色油18收率96%。3S-3-羟基-3-(3-氯苯基)丙酸甲酯(19)制备
氮气氛围冰浴下将5.38克三乙胺缓慢滴加到9.8克甲酸中,滴毕搅拌20分钟,后室温反应1小时。将11.3克化合物18及45毫升N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和68毫克(S,S)-Ts-DPEN-Ru-C1-(p-cymene)加入到反应瓶中,60℃反应过夜。冷却至室温,加入100毫升水,乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相经饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后蒸干,柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)得10.434克橘红色油19,收率91%.
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(s,1H),7.37-7.27(m,3H),5.16(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.78(s,3H),2.78(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),2.76(s,1H).
1S-1-(3-氯苯基)-1,3-丙二醇(20)制备
氮气氛围下将1.84克硼氢化钠及0.62毫升水加入到37.5毫升正丁醇中,冰浴下滴加10.4克化合物19的正丁醇溶液,滴毕搅拌0.5小时,后90℃反应4小时。冷却至室温,加入 碳酸钾溶液(10%,23毫升),搅拌10分钟。分离有机相,有机相用碳酸钾溶液(10%,8毫升)洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=30:1)得7.75克黄色油20,收率85.5%.
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(s,1H),7.30-7.20(m,3H),4.92(q,J=4.5Hz,7.8Hz,1H),3.90-3.79(m,2H),2.82(s,2H),2.03-1.85(m,2H).
3-(4S-4-(3-氯苯基)-1,3-二氧-2-磷磷氧环己烷-2-基)-1,10-菲罗啉-7-磷酸(22)制备
将2克化合物16c溶于100毫升二氯甲烷中,再将2毫升三乙胺与57毫克4-二甲胺基吡啶加入到反应液中,将反应放置在冰浴中。将2毫升氯磷酸二乙酯溶于20毫升二氯甲烷中缓慢滴加到反应液中,冰浴下反应一个小时之后升至室温反应2个小时。然后将反应液倒入200毫升饱和氯化钠溶液中,分离有机相,水相使用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干后柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=100:1)得到21共计1.7克。再将1.7克21溶解在2毫升二氯甲烷中,冰浴下一次性加入三甲基溴硅烷4毫升,保持冰浴下反应1个小时,将50毫升乙醚加入到反应瓶中,析出的固体抽滤,收集滤饼,将滤饼溶解在20毫升甲醇中,搅拌十分钟。将反应液旋干进行柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇:乙酸=20:1:0.05~二氯甲烷:甲醇=4:1)得到白色固体22共计600mg,收率25%。
m/z:507.0[M+1];
1H NMR(300MHz,dmso)δ13.84(m,1H),9.27(dd,J=4.8,1.8Hz,1H),8.99(dd,J=14.3,1.8Hz,1H),8.39(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.13(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.50(s,1H),7.45–7.38(m,1H),7.35–7.25(m,2H),6.85(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.35(dd,J=9.0,5.9Hz,1H),4.11–3.98(m,2H),2.68–2.55(m,1H),2.50–2.34(m,1H).3-(4S-4-(3-氯苯基)-1,3-二氧-2-磷磷氧环己烷-2-基)-1,10-菲罗啉-7-磷酸二钠(23)制 备
将500毫克化合物额22悬浮在10毫升甲醇中,在室温下将1N碳酸氢钠溶液2毫升缓慢滴加到反应液中,搅拌20分钟后将反应液减压抽干(保持温度在30摄氏度以下),得到白色固体23共计540mg,收率100%。
m/z:550.0[M+1],找到507;
1H NMR(300MHz,dmso)δ9.27(dd,J=4.8,1.8Hz,1H),8.99(dd,J=14.3,1.8Hz,1H),8.39(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.13(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.50(s,1H),7.45–7.38(m,1H),7.35–7.25(m,2H),6.85(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.35(dd,J=9.0,5.9Hz,1H),4.11–3.98(m,2H),2.68–2.55(m,1H),2.50–2.34(m,1H).
(3-(4S-4-(3-氯苯基)-1,3-二氧-2-磷磷氧环己烷-2-基)-1,10-菲罗啉-7-氧基)甲基磷酸二叔丁酯(24)制备
将化合物16c(200mg,0.47mmol)溶于2毫升二甲基亚砜中,再将碳酸钾(195mg,1.41mmol)加入到反应液中,将反应加热至30℃搅拌15分钟,再将二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯(146mg,0.56mmol)加到反应液中,保持30℃下反应过夜。然后将反应液倒入20毫升饱和氯化钠溶液中,分离有机相,水相使用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干后进行柱层析(乙酸乙酯)得到中间体1共计130mg无色油状物,收率43%。
m/z:649.2[M+1];
1H NMR(300MHz,dmso)δ9.36(dd,J=4.6,2.1Hz,1H),9.16(dd,J=15.6,2.0Hz,1H),8.41(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=12.3,8.4Hz,2H),7.55(s,1H),7.49–7.40(m,3H),7.06(dt,J=21.5,9.6Hz,2H),6.46(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.95(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),4.93–4.72(m,1H),4.69–4.49(m,1H),2.72–2.52(m,1H),2.34–2.19(m,1H),1.19(s,9H),1.17(s,9H).
(3-(4S-4-(3-氯苯基)-1,3-二氧-2-磷磷氧环己烷-2-基)-1,10-菲罗啉-7-氧基)甲基磷酸(25)制备
将化合物24(50mg,0.08mmol)溶解在3毫升二氯甲烷中,然后在室温下向反应液中加入1毫升三氟乙酸,室温搅拌30分钟后,将反应液旋干,然后加入1毫升甲醇,抽滤,得到中间体2共计25mg白色固体,收率61%。
1H NMR(300MHz,dmso)δ9.38(dd,J=4.5,2.0Hz,1H),9.13(dd,J=15.6,2.0Hz,1H),8.40(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.15(dd,J=19.0,8.3Hz,2H),7.58(s,1H),7.54–7.35(m,3H),7.04(t,J=9.9Hz,1H),6.91(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),6.43(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.95(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.81(t,J=11.7Hz,1H),4.69–4.45(m,1H),2.74–2.56(m,1H),2.26(d,J=14.4Hz,1H).
P4H人重组酶克隆,表达和纯化
重组人源性P4H表达在大肠杆菌表达系统完成。将全长P4Hαand P4Hβ克隆到pET28_N-His_TEV质粒表达系统中(pET28_N-His_TEV_P4HA1/PDI)中,然后转化到Origami2(DE3)进行共表达。用MonoQ进行酶蛋白纯化后,用TEV消化和质谱鉴定,并用HistrapHP和凝胶过滤色谱法(Hiload16/60superdex200)进一步洗脱纯化鉴定。
P4H酶活性鉴定和化合物对酶活性的影响
纯化的P4H酶蛋白在如下偶联酶反应体系中进行酶活性测试和鉴定化合物对酶活性的影响:100mM Tris(pH7.0),0.1mM(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2,0.1mM ascorbic acid,0.2mM CoA,0.2mM ATP,0.5uM succinyl-CoA synthetase,100uM2-oxoglutarate,100uM
(Pro-Pro-Gly)10peptides,50nM P4H protein,total of50ul.25℃,reaction45min;Add10ul MLG R1,10min;Add10ul MLG R2,20min。P4H在辅酶和适当酶反应环境中催化酮戊二酸和多肽底物形成产物琥珀酸,琥珀酸然后在琥珀酰辅酶合成酶作用下生成琥珀酰辅酶和磷(Pi)。生成Pi的水平可用MLG试剂盒测定,从而反应P4H的水平。生成的绿色产物(MG+)(H2PMo12O40)在OD630进行吸收峰鉴定。
化合物对P4H酶抑制的评价在96孔板中完成。每个浓度有两个平行样(n=2)。将化合物9c按以下浓度加入酶反应体系中(按顺序在P4H酶蛋白前加入):0.01,0.03,0.1,0.3,1,3,30,100,300nM。数据分析和统计用Prism软件完成。化合物对酶50%的抑制浓度(IC50)也有软件分析获得(参考图1)。
体内药代动力学的研究:
雄性4-6周龄,体重200-240克SD大鼠用于前体药23体内药代动力学的研究。动物分为两组(三只每组),一组动物接受口服灌胃(po,30mg/kg体重),另一组接受静脉注射(iv,3mg/kg体重)。药物溶剂,给药剂量,和试验计划在下列表中阐述。
*受试药物在给药前当天30分钟配制。pH用1N NaOH调整到7.0-7.2
给药后不同时间点(0.5,1,3,和5小时),将3只动物麻醉取血(心脏采血200ul到EDTA离心管中)和收集肝脏(用缓冲液灌流后,取100-200mg肝左叶)。将血离心后,收集血浆。用LC-MS/MS进行肝组织和血浆内前体药(23磷酸根离子)和16c及有效成分9c进行测试分析。
结果:
肝靶向作用:口服给药23后,虽然在外周血和肝脏中都检测到16c,但16c主要集中在肝脏(表一)。肝脏中同时检测出16c和9c,但9c水平(药-时曲线下面积,AUC)明显高于16c(2.1倍)。口服给药23(30mg/kg)后,血浆和肝脏16c时间-浓度曲线(参考图2、图3)。另外,肝脏中的9c很少转移外周血中;即肝脏中的9c浓度(AUC)是外周血的280多倍(表二)。
表一:口服和静脉给药后肝脏和血浆16c水平(AUC),及肝脏/血液比值
表二:口服和静脉给药后肝脏和血浆9c水平(AUC),及肝脏/血液比值
口服吸收利用度:口服吸收利用度分别以血中和肝脏中的9c和16c计算。计算方法即口服给药(po)后血中(或肝脏中)药-时AUC与该药等同剂量静注(iv)后血或肝脏中药-时AUC的比值,以吸收百分率表示:生物利用度(F)=AUCpo·Div/AUCiv·Dpo×100%。23静注(3mg/kg)和口服(30mg/kg)后血中的16c的AUC0-t分别为78.2ng·h/mL和79.0ng·h/mL;肝脏中9c的AUC0-t分别1596和1258ng·h/mL。因此,基于血中16c计算的生物利用度(F)为11%(79*3/78.2*30×100%);基于肝脏中9c计算的生物利用度(F)为13%(1596*3/1258*30×100%)。
其他药代动力学指标:
表三:23(3mg/kg)静脉给药后16c的血浆PK参数
*:用于计算T1/2的时间点范围
表四:23(30mg/kg)口服给药后16c的血浆PK参数
*:用于计算T1/2的时间点范围
表五:23(3mg/kg)静脉给药后9c的血浆PK参数
*:用于计算T1/2的时间点范围
表六:23(30mg/kg)口服给药后9c的血浆PK参数
*:用于计算T1/2的时间点范围。
Claims (18)
1.一种由通式(I)表示的化合物或其药用盐:
其中:
X是氯或OR3;
R1,R2各自独立的选自氢、1-6个碳原子的烷基、-CH2OCO-(1-6个碳原子的烷基)或-CH2OCOO-(1-6个碳原子的烷基);或R1和R2是如下式连接在一起的一个基团:
Y是芳基或杂芳基;
R3选自氢、-C(O)-(1-6个碳原子的烷基)、-PO(OH)2或-CH2OPO(OH)2。
2.权利要求1所述的化合物,其中X是羟基。
3.权利要求1所述的化合物,其中X是-OPO(OH)2。
4.权利要求1所述的化合物,其中X是-OCH2OPO(OH)2。
5.权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1=R2=氢。
6.权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1和R2是如下式连接在一起的基团:
Y是芳基。
7.权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1和R2是如下式连接在一起的基团:
Y是杂芳基。
8.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述的的化合物有以下结构:
。
9.如权利要求8所述的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述的的化合物有以下结构:
。
10.如权利要求9所述的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述的的化合物有以下结构:
。
11.如权利要求8所述的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述的的化合物有以下结构:
。
12.如权利要求11所述的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述的的化合物有以下结构:
。
13.如权利要求11所述的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述的的化合物有以下结构:
。
14.如权利要求1或8中任一所述的化合物或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防由胶原蛋白合成过量或不足引起的疾病药物中的应用。
15.如权利要求1或8中任一所述的化合物或其药用盐在制备治疗纤维化疾病药物中的应用。
16.如权利要求1或8中任一所述的化合物或其药用盐在制备治疗肝纤维化疾病药物中的应用。
17.如权利要求1或8中任一所述的化合物或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防与胶原4-羟基脯氨酰羟化酶相关的疾病药物中的应用。
18.如权利要求1或8中任一所述的化合物或其药用盐作为胶原4-羟基脯氨酰羟化酶抑制剂的应用。
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CN201410142608.8A CN104974187A (zh) | 2014-04-10 | 2014-04-10 | 菲罗啉类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 |
CA2944805A CA2944805C (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Phenanthroline phosphonic acid derivative and preparation method therefor and application thereof |
CN201580018088.2A CN106661060B (zh) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | 菲罗啉膦酸类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 |
US15/302,568 US10072035B2 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Phenanthroline phosphonic acid derivative and preparation method therefor and application thereof |
SG11201608422VA SG11201608422VA (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Phenanthroline phosphonic acid derivative and preparation method therefor and application thereof |
EA201692045A EA030709B1 (ru) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Производное фенантролинфосфоновой кислоты и способ его получения и применения |
EP15777566.9A EP3130593B1 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Phenanthroline phosphonic acid derivative and preparation method therefor and application thereof |
JP2017504230A JP6545254B2 (ja) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | リン含有フェナントロリン誘導体及びその調製方法と応用 |
KR1020167031228A KR102369908B1 (ko) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | 페난트롤린 포스폰산류 유도체 및 그의 제조방법과 응용 |
PCT/CN2015/076273 WO2015154716A1 (zh) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | 菲罗啉膦酸类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN201580018088.2A Active CN106661060B (zh) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | 菲罗啉膦酸类衍生物及其制备方法和应用 |
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JP (1) | JP6545254B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102369908B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN104974187A (zh) |
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CN108863797A (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-23 | 吉首大学 | 一类3-(取代/非取代苯基)-3-羟基丙酰氧肟酸的制备方法 |
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CN114958927A (zh) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-30 | 尚科生物医药(上海)有限公司 | 一种制备(s)-1-(3-氯苯基)-1,3-丙二醇的方法 |
CN113072585B (zh) * | 2021-04-02 | 2023-11-10 | 厦门市博瑞来医药科技有限公司 | 手性芳基膦酸环二酯及其衍生物的制备 |
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US3524846A (en) | 1967-06-02 | 1970-08-18 | Syntex Corp | Process for the didealkylation of phosphonate esters |
US6011021A (en) | 1996-06-17 | 2000-01-04 | Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Methods of cancer treatment using naaladase inhibitors |
ATE255581T1 (de) * | 1997-10-24 | 2003-12-15 | Fibrogen Inc | Phenanthrolin-derivate |
US5916898A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-06-29 | Zeneca Limited | Phenanthroline derivatives |
DK1474425T3 (da) * | 2002-01-07 | 2006-09-25 | Eisai Co Ltd | Deazapuriner og anvendelser deraf |
JP2008527030A (ja) * | 2005-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | バイオリポックス エービー | 炎症の治療に有用なインドール類 |
JP5362999B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-30 | 2013-12-11 | 九州電力株式会社 | 有機el素子およびジベンゾホスホールオキシド誘導体 |
WO2011125911A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-13 | 国立大学法人金沢大学 | 金属錯体およびこれを有効成分として含有する抗がん剤 |
US9326991B2 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2016-05-03 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nucleotide prodrug compounds and use |
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- 2015-04-10 CA CA2944805A patent/CA2944805C/en active Active
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- 2015-04-10 CN CN201580018088.2A patent/CN106661060B/zh active Active
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CN108863797A (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-23 | 吉首大学 | 一类3-(取代/非取代苯基)-3-羟基丙酰氧肟酸的制备方法 |
CN108863797B (zh) * | 2018-07-02 | 2021-01-15 | 吉首大学 | 一类3-(取代/非取代苯基)-3-羟基丙酰氧肟酸的制备方法 |
Also Published As
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EP3130593A1 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
KR20160146791A (ko) | 2016-12-21 |
EP3130593A4 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
WO2015154716A1 (zh) | 2015-10-15 |
CN106661060A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
CA2944805A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
JP6545254B2 (ja) | 2019-07-17 |
SG11201608422VA (en) | 2016-11-29 |
KR102369908B1 (ko) | 2022-03-02 |
EA030709B1 (ru) | 2018-09-28 |
CN106661060B (zh) | 2019-04-19 |
JP2017513934A (ja) | 2017-06-01 |
CA2944805C (en) | 2022-11-29 |
US10072035B2 (en) | 2018-09-11 |
EA201692045A1 (ru) | 2017-05-31 |
US20170029452A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
EP3130593B1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
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