CN104956886A - Brackish water and fresh water rotation irrigation method for saline and alkaline land and application thereof to red clover planting - Google Patents
Brackish water and fresh water rotation irrigation method for saline and alkaline land and application thereof to red clover planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104956886A CN104956886A CN201510346066.0A CN201510346066A CN104956886A CN 104956886 A CN104956886 A CN 104956886A CN 201510346066 A CN201510346066 A CN 201510346066A CN 104956886 A CN104956886 A CN 104956886A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The invention provides a brackish water and fresh water rotation irrigation method for a saline and alkaline land. Irrigation includes irrigation in the seedling period, irrigation in the growing period and irrigation in the cutting period. According to irrigation in the growing period, the ratio of rotation irrigation number of times of the organic-matter-enriched brackish water to that of the fresh water is 1:2, the land is irrigated once every 8-10 days, and the one-time irrigation volume is 450-500 m<3>/hectare. A preparing method for the organic-matter-enriched brackish water includes the step that organic-matter-enriched fertilizer is dissolved in the brackish water. The organic-matter-enriched fertilizer comprises, by weight, 24-26 parts of seaweed residues, 10-12 parts of chicken manure, 1-3 parts of microbial agent, 2-4 parts of magnesium-containing phosphate, 5-8 parts of fulvic acid and 2-3 parts of glutelin cystine. The irrigation method is adopted to plant red clover, the planting survival rate is 98.6-99.2%, and the annual output of red clover fresh grass is 6800-6900 kg/mu.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, relate to a kind of brackish water and mixing of fresh water irrigation method, be specifically related to a kind of saline land brackish water and fresh water rotation flow method and the application in red clover plantation thereof.
Background technology
At present, coastal area agricultural develops rapidly, and Irrigation Problems is always by the people are paid close attention to.The freshwater resources in saline land, coastal area lack, and underground brackish water, salt water resources are abundant.
For the groundwater resources situation in saline land, coastal area, how research reasonably irrigated and seemed and be even more important, and that is, the object reasonably utilizing saline groundwater to realize irrigation in plantation becomes important research direction.Current irrigation with saline water technology mainly comprises irrigates separately and mixed filling, and mixed key technology of filling with is mixed filling ratio and the selection to salt water.In addition, irrigation volume is also an importance.When water resource allows, mixed mode of filling with is adopted to irrigate the water resource not only taking full advantage of saline land, and, can alkaline land soil be improved.
But the brackish water irrigation technology of prior art exists following defect: the irrigation method adopting prior art, low in the fresh careless annual production of saline land plantation red clover; Plantation survival rate is low; The nutrient composition content of the red clover of plantation is lower.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above deficiency, a kind of saline land brackish water and fresh water rotation flow method and the application in red clover plantation thereof be provided, realize following goal of the invention:
1, adopt irrigation method of the present invention plantation red clover, improve plantation survival rate to 98.6-99.2%;
2, adopt irrigation method of the present invention plantation red clover, improve fresh careless annual production to 6800-6900kg/ mu;
3, adopt irrigation method of the present invention plantation red clover, the dry matter content improving fresh grass is 26.1-28.2%;
4, adopt irrigation method of the present invention plantation red clover, improve the nutrient composition content of fresh grass.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, by the following technical solutions:
A kind of saline land brackish water and fresh water rotation flow method, described irrigation comprises irrigation in seedling stage, vegetative period irrigates, cut issue is irrigated.
Below the further improvement to technique scheme:
Described vegetative period irrigates: rich organic salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being irrigate once for 1:2, every 8-10 days, and each irrigation volume is 450-500m3/ hectare.
The preparation method of the organic salt water of described richness: comprise and rich organic fertilizer is dissolved in brackish water.
The raw material of described rich organic fertilizer comprises: marine alga slag, chicken manure, microbial bacterial agent, containing magnesium phosphate, fulvic acid, paddy cystine.
The weight ratio of the raw material components of described rich organic fertilizer is: marine alga slag 24-26 part, chicken manure 10-12 part, microbial bacterial agent 1-3 part, containing magnesium phosphate 2-4 part, fulvic acid 5-8 part, paddy cystine 2-3 part.
The preparation method of described rich organic fertilizer: mixed by raw material, fermentation 5-8 days, fermentation temperature is 50-60 DEG C, collects zymotic fluid.
Described seedling stage irrigates: brackish water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being irrigate once for 1:4, every 5-6 days, and each irrigation volume is 280-320m3/ hectare.
Described cut issue is irrigated: salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being irrigate once for 1:2, every 3-5 days, and each irrigation volume is 500-560m3/ hectare.
A kind of saline land brackish water and the application of fresh water rotation flow method in red clover plantation, described application comprises the extermination of disease and insect pest, the described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises and takes attractant component, and the mass parts ratio of described attractant component is leafhopper sex hormone extract 35-40 part, alfalfa extract powder 25-30 part, biphenyl 3 phenol 7-10 part, myricetin 5-7 part, quercetin 6-9 part, p-t-butylphenyl salicylate 12-15 part, ethyl acetate 20-30 part, worm hydrazides 5-8 part.
Described application also comprises soil melioration, and described soil melioration comprises uses soil conditioner; Described soil conditioner component comprises charcoal, polyvinyl alcohol, diatomite, water-loss reducer, ironic citrate, urea aldehyde-sulfonated humic acid, desulfurated plaster.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
1, adopt irrigation method of the present invention plantation red clover, significantly improving plantation survival rate is 98.6-99.2%;
2, adopt irrigation method of the present invention plantation red clover, significantly improving output is 6800-6900kg/ mu;
3, adopt irrigation method of the present invention plantation red clover, the dry matter content significantly improving fresh grass is 26.1-28.2%;
4, adopt irrigation method of the present invention plantation red clover, significantly improve the nutrient composition content of fresh grass; The fresh careless gross protein value of red clover is 5.3-6.4%, and crude fat content is 1.2-1.8%, and crude fiber content is 8.8-9.2%, and nitrogen free extract content is 17.8-19.4%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 one kinds of saline land brackish waters and the application of fresh water rotation flow method in red clover plantation
Step 1, selection plot
The growing area selected is saline land, and 0-30cm soil layer salt content is 1.0-1.4%, pH is 7.6-7.8.
Step 2, soil melioration
30-35 days before sowing, carry out soil melioration, mu executes soil conditioner 180kg; After applying modifying agent, deep plough soil 40cm, and topsoil rake is carefully raked, and waters once permeable.
Described soil conditioner component comprises charcoal 10-12 part, polyvinyl alcohol 2-3 part, diatomite 8-9 part, water-loss reducer 19-20 part, ironic citrate 9-10 part, urea aldehyde-sulfonated humic acid 8-9 part, desulfurated plaster 4-6 part, and above-mentioned number is weight portion.
Step 3, sowing
Seeding method is drilling, and line-spacing is 15-20cm.Sowing should be shallow unsuitable dark, earthing 0.5-1.5cm.The every 667 square metres of sowing quantity 0.5-0.6kg of red clover.
Step 4, irrigation
(1) irrigate seedling stage
The mode of employing brackish water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and brackish water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being 1:4, and within every 5 days, irrigate once, each irrigation volume is 280m3/ hectare; The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L, and described brackish water salinity is 2.4g/L, pH is 7.8, and salt content is 0.10%, and sodium salt content accounts for 77% of total salt content.
(2) irrigate vegetative period
Adopt rich organic salt water, the mode of fresh water rotation flow irrigates, rich organic salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being 1:2, and within every 8 days, irrigate once, each irrigation volume is 450m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L; The salinity of described brackish water is 3.1g/L, pH is 8.1, and salt content is 0.14%, and sodium salt content accounts for 80% of total salt content;
The preparation of the organic salt water of described richness:
Get rich organic fertilizer 20kg to be dissolved in 1000L brackish water, mix, obtained rich organic salt water;
The raw material of described rich organic fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: marine alga slag 24 parts, chicken manure 10 parts, microbial bacterial agent 1 part, containing magnesium phosphate 2 parts, fulvic acid 5 parts, paddy cystine 2 parts;
The preparation method of described rich organic fertilizer:
By above-mentioned weight portion by marine alga slag, chicken manure, fermentative microorganism microbial inoculum, containing magnesium phosphate, fulvic acid, paddy cystine mixing, adding water to water content is 70%; After mixing, ferment and obtain fermenting mixture material in 5-8 days, between yeast phase every 5 hours, stir once, fermentation temperature is 50-60 DEG C, collects zymotic fluid, is the rich organic fertilizer of liquid.
(3) cut issue is irrigated
The mode of employing salt water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being 1:2, and within every 3 days, irrigate once, each irrigation volume is 500m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L;
The salinity of described salt water is 5g/L, pH is 8.2, and salt content is 0.15%, and sodium salt content accounts for 75% of total salt content.
Step 5, seedling management
The management in seedling stage mainly weeds a garden, and forms dominant group in order to red clover.
Step 6, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The management mainly extermination of disease and insect pest of growth stage and cut issue, with leafhopper, small cabbage white moth, cutworm for primary pest.
The pest control method taked is biological disinsection method, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) leafhopper sex hormone extracts
A. collect budding insect, being dried by polypide is 6-7% to moisture content, is milled to 65-80 order, adds alcohol-pickled worm powder 30h, and through ultrasonic vibration 5-6 time after stirring, each 4min, filters, reservation filtrate;
B. residue stirs after adding alcohol-pickled 3.5-4h again, ultrasonic vibration 5-6 time, each 4min, filters; The filtrate that filtrate obtains with a step merges; Residue repeats a again, b step is extracted 2-3 time, all filtrate is merged;
C. add in filtrate after merging and account for protozoon soma grain weight amount 7-8 alcohol doubly, backflow 6h, heating recovery of alcohol distillation, the residue after distillation retains;
D. in distillation residue, add the water of 4-5 times of volume, stir to boil in boiling water bath and boil 7-8min, be then cooled to room temperature, natural filtration; Carry out boiling again boiling 7-8min, cooling, natural filtration; Repeat 2-3 time; Gained filtrate is concentrated into gravity Baume 1.2-1.5 ° of B é, adds isopyknic alcohol, leave standstill 6-12h, discard precipitation after filtration, the filtrate obtained is leafhopper sex hormone solution.
(2) attractant component is taken
Attractant component comprises leafhopper sex hormone extract 35-40 part, alfalfa extract powder 25-30 part, biphenyl 3 phenol 7-10 part, myricetin 5-7 part, quercetin 6-9 part, p-t-butylphenyl salicylate 12-15 part, ethyl acetate 20-30 part, worm hydrazides 5-8 part.
Described alfalfa extract: be the herb extract of leguminous plant alfalfa, brown color fine powder, by 80 orders, containing 50% alfalfa saponin, crude protein content 18.9%, crude fat 3.37%, nitrogen free extract 29.97%, raw fiber 26.80%, ash content 7.03%.
Each attractant component is taken in above-mentioned mass parts ratio, for subsequent use.
(3) preparation of attractant
Leafhopper sex hormone extract, alfalfa extract powder, biphenyl 3 phenol, myricetin, quercetin, worm hydrazides, p-t-butylphenyl salicylate are proportionally dissolved in ethyl acetate, stand-by.
(4) preparation of core carrier is lured
Lure core carrier to adopt rubber to lure core carrier, described rubber lures the isoprene rubber containing the butadiene-styrene rubber and 75% (W/W) of 25% (W/W) in core carrier; Core carrier will be lured to be placed in analytically pure ethanol soak 45 days, during this, will ethanol 9-10 time be changed, and lure core carrier to put to dry under field conditions (factors) by what handle well, install in sealed plastic bag seal for subsequent use.
(5) attractant lures the making of core
The attractant prepared is added drop-wise to luring of preparing in core carrier, to be that 40-50mg/ is each lure core to dripping quantity, makes attractant of the present invention and lure core, pack, 4 DEG C of refrigerations.
(6) attractant using method
By luring core to be put in different slowly-releasing bottles, being evenly suspended on the surrounding of planting area, carrying out the trapping of insect.
Step 7, to cradle
Cradle as plant height 20-25cm, within 1 year, 5 times can be cradled.When cradling, stubble height is 5cm, is beneficial to regeneration.The grass cut off is as forage grass.
embodiment 2 one kinds of saline land brackish waters and the application of fresh water rotation flow method in red clover plantation
Adopt the implantation methods of embodiment 1, only change step 4 and irrigate, carry out embodiment 2 kinds and plant
red clover.
The irrigation step of embodiment 2 is as follows:
(1) irrigate seedling stage
The mode of employing brackish water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and brackish water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being 1:4, and within every 5 days, irrigate once, each irrigation volume is 300m3/ hectare; The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L, and described brackish water salinity is 2.6g/L, pH is 8.0, and salt content is 0.11%, and sodium salt content accounts for 79% of total salt content.
(2) irrigate vegetative period
Adopt rich organic salt water, the mode of fresh water rotation flow irrigates, rich organic salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being 1:2, and within every 9 days, irrigate once, each irrigation volume is 480m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L; The salinity of described brackish water is 3.3g/L, pH is 8.4, and salt content is 0.14%, and sodium salt content accounts for 81% of total salt content;
The preparation of the organic salt water of described richness:
Get rich organic fertilizer 20kg to be dissolved in 1000L brackish water, mix, obtained rich organic salt water;
The raw material of described rich organic fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: marine alga slag 25 parts, chicken manure 11 parts, microbial bacterial agent 2 parts, containing magnesium phosphate 3 parts, fulvic acid 6 parts, paddy cystine 2 parts;
The preparation method of described rich organic fertilizer:
By above-mentioned weight portion by marine alga slag, chicken manure, fermentative microorganism microbial inoculum, containing magnesium phosphate, fulvic acid, paddy cystine mixing, adding water to water content is 70%; After mixing, ferment and obtain fermenting mixture material in 5-8 days, between yeast phase every 5 hours, stir once, fermentation temperature is 50-60 DEG C, collects zymotic fluid, is the rich organic fertilizer of liquid.
(3) cut issue is irrigated
The mode of employing salt water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being irrigate once for 1:2, every 3-5 days, and each irrigation volume is 520m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L;
The salinity of described salt water is 5.2g/L, pH is 8.3, and salt content is 0.16%, and sodium salt content accounts for 78% of total salt content.
embodiment 3 one kinds of saline land brackish waters and the application of fresh water rotation flow method in red clover plantation
Adopt the implantation methods of embodiment 1, only change step 4 and irrigate, carry out embodiment 3 kinds and plant
red clover.
The irrigation step of embodiment 3 is as follows:
(1) irrigate seedling stage
The mode of employing brackish water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and brackish water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being 1:4, and within every 6 days, irrigate once, each irrigation volume is 320m3/ hectare; The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L, and described brackish water salinity is 2.8g/L, pH is 8.2, and salt content is 0.12%, and sodium salt content accounts for 80% of total salt content.
(2) irrigate vegetative period
Adopt rich organic salt water, the mode of fresh water rotation flow irrigates, rich organic salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being 1:2, and within every 10 days, irrigate once, each irrigation volume is 500m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L; The salinity of described brackish water is 3.6g/L, pH is 8.6, and salt content is 0.15%, and sodium salt content accounts for 83% of total salt content;
The preparation of the organic salt water of described richness:
Get rich organic fertilizer 20kg to be dissolved in 1000L brackish water, mix, obtained rich organic salt water;
The raw material of described rich organic fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: marine alga slag 26 parts, chicken manure 12 parts, microbial bacterial agent 3 parts, containing magnesium phosphate 4 parts, fulvic acid 8 parts, paddy cystine 3 parts;
The preparation method of described rich organic fertilizer:
By above-mentioned weight portion by marine alga slag, chicken manure, fermentative microorganism microbial inoculum, containing magnesium phosphate, fulvic acid, paddy cystine mixing, adding water to water content is 70%; After mixing, ferment and obtain fermenting mixture material in 5-8 days, between yeast phase every 5 hours, stir once, fermentation temperature is 50-60 DEG C, collects zymotic fluid, is the rich organic fertilizer of liquid.
(3) cut issue is irrigated
The mode of employing salt water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being irrigate once for 1:2, every 3-5 days, and each irrigation volume is 560m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L;
The salinity of described salt water is 5.5g/L, pH is 8.4, and salt content is 0.18%, and sodium salt content accounts for 80% of total salt content.
the experimental result of embodiment 1-3 is in table 1:
Table 1 embodiment 1-3 kind plants the red clover result of 1 year
From table 1, embodiment 2 is preferred embodiment.
Adopt irrigation method of the present invention to plant red clover, plantation survival rate is 98.6-99.2%, and the fresh careless annual production of red clover is 6800-6900kg/ mu, and the dry matter content of fresh grass is 26.1-28.2%; The fresh careless gross protein value of red clover is 5.3-6.4%, and crude fat content is 1.2-1.8%, and crude fiber content is 8.8-9.2%, and nitrogen free extract content is 17.8-19.4%.
Adopt the inventive method plantation red clover, plant after 1 year, detect growing area soil: 0-30cm soil layer salt content is 0.5-0.6%, pH is 7.2-7.3, total nitrogen content increases by 180%, and total phosphorus content increases by 80%, and total potassium content increases by 120%.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. saline land brackish water and a fresh water rotation flow method, is characterized in that: described irrigation method comprises irrigation in seedling stage, vegetative period irrigates, cut issue is irrigated.
2. a kind of saline land brackish water according to claim 1 and fresh water rotation flow method, it is characterized in that: described vegetative period irrigates: rich organic salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being 1:2, within every 8-10 days, irrigate once, each irrigation volume is 450-500m3/ hectare.
3. a kind of saline land brackish water according to claim 2 and fresh water rotation flow method, is characterized in that: the preparation method of the organic salt water of described richness: comprise and being dissolved in brackish water by rich organic fertilizer.
4. a kind of saline land brackish water according to claim 3 and fresh water rotation flow method, is characterized in that: the raw material of described rich organic fertilizer comprises: marine alga slag, chicken manure, microbial bacterial agent, containing magnesium phosphate, fulvic acid, paddy cystine.
5. a kind of saline land brackish water according to claim 4 and fresh water rotation flow method, is characterized in that: the weight ratio of the raw material components of described rich organic fertilizer is: marine alga slag 24-26 part, chicken manure 10-12 part, microbial bacterial agent 1-3 part, containing magnesium phosphate 2-4 part, fulvic acid 5-8 part, paddy cystine 2-3 part.
6. a kind of saline land brackish water according to claim 3 and fresh water rotation flow method, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described rich organic fertilizer: mixed by raw material, fermentation 5-8 days, and fermentation temperature is 50-60 DEG C, collects zymotic fluid.
7. a kind of saline land brackish water according to claim 1 and fresh water rotation flow method, is characterized in that: described seedling stage irrigates: brackish water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being irrigate once for 1:4, every 5-6 days, and each irrigation volume is 280-320m3/ hectare.
8. a kind of saline land brackish water according to claim 1 and fresh water rotation flow method, is characterized in that: described cut issue is irrigated: salt water, fresh water rotation flow number of times are than being irrigate once for 1:2, every 3-5 days, and each irrigation volume is 500-560m3/ hectare.
9. a saline land brackish water and the application of fresh water rotation flow method in red clover plantation, it is characterized in that: described application comprises the extermination of disease and insect pest, the described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises and takes attractant component, and the mass parts ratio of described attractant component is leafhopper sex hormone extract 35-40 part, alfalfa extract powder 25-30 part, biphenyl 3 phenol 7-10 part, myricetin 5-7 part, quercetin 6-9 part, p-t-butylphenyl salicylate 12-15 part, ethyl acetate 20-30 part, worm hydrazides 5-8 part.
10. a kind of saline land brackish water according to claim 9 and the application of fresh water rotation flow method in red clover plantation, it is characterized in that: described application also comprises soil melioration, described soil melioration comprises uses soil conditioner; Described soil conditioner component comprises charcoal, polyvinyl alcohol, diatomite, water-loss reducer, ironic citrate, urea aldehyde-sulfonated humic acid, desulfurated plaster.
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