CN104936965B - 一种通过重排反应制备烷基氯硅烷的方法 - Google Patents
一种通过重排反应制备烷基氯硅烷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000006462 rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005055 methyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003910 SiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004721 HSiCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical class Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KTQYJQFGNYHXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(methyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)Cl KTQYJQFGNYHXMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 tetraalkylsilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
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- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/12—Organo silicon halides
- C07F7/121—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20
- C07F7/125—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20 by reactions involving both Si-C and Si-halogen linkages, the Si-C and Si-halogen linkages can be to the same or to different Si atoms, e.g. redistribution reactions
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备通式(1)中硅烷的方法,RaHbSiCl4‑a‑b (1),其中通式(2)和(3)的硅烷混合物在氧化铝催化剂的存在下,在移动床反应器中被连续地转化,所述催化剂在每100份重量的氧化铝中含有1至10份重量的氯化铝。RcSiCl4‑c (2),RdHeSiCl4‑d‑e (3),其中,R为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基,a的值为1、2或3,b的值为0或1,c的值为1、2、3或4,d的值为0、1或2,且e的值为0、1或2。
Description
本发明涉及一种在氧化铝催化剂的存在下制备可包含氢的烷基氯硅烷的方法,其在移动床反应器中连续地进行。
除了主要产物二烷基二氯硅烷以外,通过直接合成(Müller-Rochow合成)来制备烷基氯硅烷还产生诸如四烷基硅烷、三烷基氯硅烷、烷基三氯硅烷等的其他硅烷,对这些硅烷有不同的需求,并且在过剩的情况下,需要有可能的用途。在对从烷基氯硅烷和氯硅烷的直接合成得到的粗硅烷混合物的蒸馏中,也会获得初馏份以及中间馏分,其不能直接使用于进一步的加工中。
例如,从文献中熟知任何形式的氧化铝都能催化重排,甚至在支撑材料上,比如氧化铝。这些是在固定床反应器中的方法。在US20030109735中,通过向例如氯化铝中加入氧化镁来改进三甲基硅烷+甲基三氯硅烷或三甲基氯硅烷+甲基三氯硅烷反应的转化。DE2351258描述了在向这些反应中加入促进剂,这将使从反应容器中排放的氯化铝最小化。相比之下,US 6175029描述了使用非常纯的氧化铝作为催化剂。EP 0146148还描述了使用沸石作为重排反应的催化剂。DE 102008043331描述了通过在氧化铝中加入镁、铜或锌来提高在固定床反应器中的转化水平。
固定床反应器的缺点是:随着反应器尺寸的渐增,催化剂交换在技术上变得更为费力。环保的排空操作需要钝化作用,例如,以便防止由于水解以及空气的进入而导致释出硅烷和氯化氢。同样地,一些在硅上具有氢的硅烷在空气进入时发生自燃。壳式和管式反应器的再填充由于以下事实而被特别复杂化:所有管必须具有相同的压力差,以保证最佳的催化剂利用。
本发明提供一种制备通式(1)的硅烷的方法
RaHbSiCl4-a-b (1),
其中通式(2)和(3)的硅烷混合物在氧化铝催化剂的存在下,在移动床反应器中被连续地转化,所述催化剂在每100份重量的氧化铝中含有1至10份重量的氯化铝,
RcSiCl4-c (2),
RdHeSiCl4-d-e (3),
其中,
R为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基,
a的值为1、2或3,
b的值为0或1,
c的值为1、2、3或4,
d的值为0、1或2,和
e的值为0、1或2。
这些是通式(2)和(3)的硅烷至通式(1)的硅烷的重排反应。
在移动床反应器中,催化剂被移动并且消耗,同时催化剂被连续地排出。因此催化剂具有恒定的交换。避免了反应器的排空和再填充、以及相关问题。
移动床反应器的实例包括滑动床反应器、螺旋反应器和流化床反应器。在移动床和滑动床反应器的情况下,催化剂借助重力,作为固定床移动通过反应器,并从反应器底部离开。在螺旋反应器中,催化剂通过螺旋方式移动通过反应器,并通过孔口在其末端离开。在流化床反应器的情况下,消耗的催化剂随着气流被连续地排出并且能够被分离,例如通过气旋的方式。
随后,从这些反应器中排出的失活催化剂可以被分批地或连续地在分离的设备中处理或再生,并随后返回给反应。所述产物混合物可通过已知方法来处理。
优选地,所述R基团具有1至3个碳原子。更优选地,所述R基团为甲基或乙基。
优选的产物为二烷基二氯硅烷、三烷基氯硅烷以及烷基氢氯硅烷。
优选地,所述重排反应按[1]至[11]进行:
CH3SiCl3+H2SiCl2—>CH3HSiCl2 [1]
(CH3)2SiCl2+H2SiCl2—>CH3HSiCl2+(CH3)2HSiCl [2]
(CH3)3SiCl+H2SiCl2—>CH3HSiCl2+(CH3)2HSiCl [3]
(CH3)3SiCl+(CH3)SiCl3—>(CH3)2SiCl2 [4]
(CH3)3SiCl+(CH3)HSiCl2—>(CH3)2HSiCl [5]
(CH3)3SiCl+HSiCl3—>(CH3)2SiCl2+CH3HSiCl2+(CH3)2HSiCl [6]
(CH3)3SiCl+SiCl4—>CH3SiCl3+(CH3)2SiCl2 [7]
CH3SiCl3+(CH3)4Si—>(CH3)2SiCl2+(CH3)3SiCl [8]
(CH3)4Si+SiCl4+—>CH3SiCl3+(CH3)2SiCl2+(CH3)3SiCl [9]
(CH3)4Si+(CH3)2SiCl2—>(CH3)3SiCl [10]
(CH3)4Si+HSiCl3—>(CH3)2SiCl2+(CH3)3SiCl+(CH3)2HSiCl [11]
所述氧化铝可以为α-氧化铝或优选为γ-氧化铝。
优选地,所述氧化铝催化剂在每100份重量的氧化铝中含有2至8份,特别是3至6份重量的氯化铝。
氧化铝催化剂所含的氯化铝可以通过已知的方法产生,例如用氯化氢处理氧化铝,并随后在减压下或用(CH3)3SiCl,在热气流中干燥。
所述氧化铝催化剂可以包含多达10重量%的选自氧化镁、氧化铜、氧化锌及其混合物的金属氧化物。优选地,所述氧化铝催化剂包括0.5重量%至5重量%的所述金属氧化物。所使用的金属氧化物或混合氧化物可以是金属镁、铜以及锌的任何氧化物或混合氧化物。特别优选的是氧化镁。
优选地,所述氧化铝催化剂的BET表面积至少为100m2/g,更优选为至少200m2/g,且优选至多为600m2/g。
优选地,所述氧化铝催化剂的Hg孔体积至少为0.2cm3/g,更优选为至少0.5cm3/g,且优选至多为1.5cm3/g。
为了获得特定反应器类型的最佳操作条件,例如为了获得一个定义良好的流化床,应对氧化铝催化剂的粒度分布进行选择。
优选地,用于流化床反应器的氧化铝催化剂的粒径分布为20至1000μm,更优选为30至5000μm,且特别为40至250μm。对于在移动床反应器中的使用,直径1-10mm的小球是优选的。
所述方法优选在至少200℃,更优选在至少300℃,特别优选在至少350℃,且优选在至多600℃,更优选在至多550℃,特别优选在至多520℃下进行。所述方法优选在至少0.5bar,更优选在至少2bar,特别优选在至少4bar,且优选在至多30bar,更优选在至多10bar,特别优选在至多7bar下进行。
因为其中e值为1或2的通式(3)的硅烷也可以促进通式(2)的硅烷和其中e值为0的通式(3)的硅烷之间的反应,在这样的反应下,优选添加其中e值为1或2的通式(3)的硅烷。因此,其中e值为1或2的通式(3)的硅烷具有辅助催化作用。
其中e值为1或2的通式(3)的硅烷在所用的通式(2)和(3)的硅烷混合物中的比例优选为至少0.5重量%,更优选为至少5重量%,特别为至少10重量%。
所用的其中e值为1或2的通式(3)的硅烷也可以以混合物的形式被使用,例如以馏分的形式,其中,例如存在CH3HSiCl2、(CH3)2HSiCl和HSiCl3。
所述氧化铝催化剂优选通过用氯化氢处理包含有所述金属氧化物的氧化铝来制备,优选在至少100℃下,更优选在至少180℃下,且优选至多在250℃下。
随后,将如此制备的氧化铝催化剂在热气流中干燥,优选在减压下,或用三甲基氯硅烷。
上述化学式中的所有符号都是彼此独立定义的。在所有化学式中,所述硅原子为三价。
在下列实施例和比较例中,除非个别情况另有说明,所有的数量和百分比是基于重量的,且所有反应是在压力为1bar(abs.)下进行。
对于表格中的硅烷,使用下列缩写:
TCS:三氯硅烷
M1:甲基三氯硅烷
M2:二甲基二氯硅烷
M3:三甲基氯硅烷
HM:甲基氢二氯硅烷
下列实例是基于被电加热至500℃的连续操作的玻璃流化床反应器,其直径为30mm且长度为450mm,在未提高压力的操作下,具有上游反应蒸发器。所使用的气体分配器为玻璃熔块。所使用的流化材料为100ml(46g)的筛分,所述筛分为50-180μm的γ-氧化铝,含有1重量%作为氧化物的Mg,其具有276m2/g的BET表面积以及0.89cm3/g的Hg孔体积,其中4.5重量%的氯化铝是通过之前在氯化氢流中处理氧化铝中而形成的。
通过GC的方法分析所述产物(质量%校准)。
实施例1:
DE 102008043331(非根据本发明,含MgO催化剂在300℃下;6.5bar(abs.))的M1+M3=1:1mol反应中,M2硅烷的时空产率与在流化床(根据本发明的,同样含MgO的催化剂;1bar,500℃下)中的产率相比:假定催化剂浓度是相同的。
在根据本发明的方法中,保持具有Si-氢键合的通式(3)的硅烷的辅助催化作用。
实施例2:
在相同的条件下,M3和SiCl4反应:非根据本发明的,在管式反应器中,在6.5bar(abs.)下;根据本发明的,在流化床中,300℃和500℃下,1bar。
Claims (7)
1.一种制备通式(1)之硅烷的方法,
RaHbSiCl4-a-b (1),
其中通式(2)和(3)的硅烷的混合物
RcSiCl4-c (2),
RdHeSiCl4-d-e (3),
其中,
R为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基,
a的值为1、2或3,
b的值为0或1,
c的值为1、2、3或4,
d的值为0、1或2,且
e的值为0、1或2,
在氧化铝催化剂的存在下,在移动床反应器中被连续地转化,所述催化剂在每100份重量的氧化铝中含有1至10份重量的氯化铝,其中所述催化剂在移动床反应器中移动,而已消耗的催化剂同时被连续地排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中R基团为甲基和乙基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述氧化铝催化剂的BET表面积至少为100m2/g。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法,其中所述氧化铝催化剂的孔体积至少为0.5cm3/g。
5.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法,其中所述氧化铝催化剂包含至多10重量%的选自氧化镁、氧化铜、氧化锌以及其混合物的金属氧化物。
6.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法,其中所述方法在200℃至600℃的温度下进行。
7.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法,其中所述移动床反应器选自滑动床反应器、螺旋反应器以及流化床反应器。
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PCT/EP2014/050025 WO2014111275A1 (de) | 2013-01-17 | 2014-01-02 | Verfahren zur herstellung von alkylchlorsilanen durch umlagerungsreaktionen |
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JP6087448B2 (ja) | 2017-03-01 |
EP2945955A1 (de) | 2015-11-25 |
KR20150106005A (ko) | 2015-09-18 |
JP2016507516A (ja) | 2016-03-10 |
WO2014111275A1 (de) | 2014-07-24 |
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