CN104871706B - A kind of fertilizing method and fertilizer apparatus of organic culture substrate - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizing method and fertilizer apparatus of organic culture substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104871706B CN104871706B CN201510292028.1A CN201510292028A CN104871706B CN 104871706 B CN104871706 B CN 104871706B CN 201510292028 A CN201510292028 A CN 201510292028A CN 104871706 B CN104871706 B CN 104871706B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizer application more particularly to the fertilizing method and fertilizer apparatus of a kind of organic culture substrate, the fertilizing method to include the following steps：(1) dry (2) crush (3) suspension (4) trench digging (5) fertilising (6) earthing (7) and turn over；The fertilizer apparatus includes drying unit, grinding device and pours fertile device.The fertilizing method and fertilizer apparatus of a kind of organic culture substrate provided by the invention, its is easy to operate, and cost is relatively low, facilitates the fertilising of organic culture substrate not soluble in water, labor intensity when fertilising can be substantially reduced, the absorptivity of fertilising efficiency and soil to organic culture substrate is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizer application more particularly to the fertilizing methods and fertilizer apparatus of a kind of organic culture substrate.
Background technology
Organic culture substrate refers to using organic matter such as agricultural crop straw, mushroom slag, turf, sawdust, feces of livestock and poultry etc., through hair
It after the modes such as ferment are handled, is mixed in a certain ratio, forms a full nutrition cultivation matrix for stablizing and having relatively cushioning effect
Raw material.
Effect of the organic culture substrate in agricultural production is mainly manifested in the following aspects：First, improvement soil, training
Fertile soil fertility, after organic culture substrate is manured into soil, organic mass-energy effectively improves soil physical chemistry situation and biological nature, vegetable soil
Earth enhances the fertilizer supply and preservation ability and buffer capacity of soil, is that good soil conditions are created in the growth of crop；Second is that increasing production
Amount improves quality, and organic culture substrate contains abundant organic matter and various nutrients, nutrition is provided for crops, organic
After object decomposition, energy and nutriment are provided for soil microbial activity, promotes microbial activities, accelerates organic matter decomposition, generation
Active material etc. can promote the growth of crop and improve the quality of agricultural product；Third, the utilization rate of fertilizer, organic farming can be improved
The organic acid that organic matter decomposition in matrix generates can also promote the dissolving of mineral nutrient in soil, be conducive to crop absorption, carry
The utilization rate of high fertilizer.
Currently, being mostly using manually spreading fertilizer over the fields to the broadcast application of organic culture substrate, then machinery is turned over, this broadcast application side
Formula labor intensity is larger, and broadcast application efficiency is low, cannot meet the needs that large area is broadcasted sowing.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to：There is provided that a kind of labor intensity is low, broadcast application is efficient, can meet large area broadcasts sowing need
The fertilizing method for the organic culture substrate asked.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of fertilizing method of organic culture substrate, the fertilizing method include the following steps：
(1) dry：Organic culture substrate is spread out into straticulation, is tedded 2~3 days, 40~50 DEG C of drying are spare；
(2) it crushes：Organic culture substrate after drying in step (1) is crushed, the organic culture substrate after crushing
It is sieved through sieve, the coarse fodder after screening carries out separating twice, and the fine powder after screening is spare；
(3) it is suspended：Water and suspending agent is added in fine powder into step (2), and the fine powder is made to form suspension with water；
(4) it ditches：The field applied fertilizer will be needed to ditch, the depth of ditch is 30~40cm；
(5) it applies fertilizer：Suspension obtained in step (3) is poured into the ditch in step (4)；
(6) earthing：The ditch after suspension will be poured into be filled up with soil；
(7) it turns over：After 5~7 days, the field is turned over.
As an improvement the thickness of thin layer described in step (1) is 0.5~1.5cm.
As an improvement sieve described in step (1) sieves for 80 mesh.
As an improvement in step (2), by the fine powder covering and heat insulating film after screening, hot steam is passed through into insulation film,
So that the temperature in insulation film is risen to 80 DEG C, keeps 30min, be naturally cooling to room temperature.
As an improvement the volume ratio of the fine powder and water is 3~4:1.
It is an object of the present invention to：A kind of fertilizer apparatus of organic culture substrate is provided, to realize above-mentioned fertilising side
Method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of fertilizer apparatus of organic culture substrate, the fertilizer apparatus include drying unit, grinding device and pour fertile dress
It sets, it is described that pour fertile device include rack, the suspension apparatus in the rack and the actuating unit for driving the rack,
The rack is set there are two front-wheel and two trailing wheels, and the bottom of the suspension apparatus is equipped with outlet tube, and the outlet tube is equipped with
Liquid control valve, the outlet tube pass through the rack to extend to the lower section of the rack, and positioned at the front wheels and rear wheels it
Between；Position before the bottom of the rack is located at the outlet tube is equipped with plough, and the bottom of the rack goes out described in
Position after liquid pipe is equipped with coverer.
As an improvement the drying unit includes hopper, the first screw conveyor for being connected to the hopper bottom end
The exit of the drying machine being connected to with first screw conveyor, the drying machine is equipped with channel, the top in the channel
Cyclone dust collectors are communicated with, the top of the cyclone dust collectors is communicated with air-introduced machine, the bottom end of the air-introduced machine and the channel
Bottom end be connected to the second screw conveyor, second screw conveyor is connected to the grinding device.
As an improvement the grinding device includes feed space and the pulverizing chamber that is connected to the bottom end of the feed space,
Shaft is equipped in the pulverizing chamber, one end of the shaft, which is extended, to be connect outside the pulverizing chamber with motor, is set in the shaft
There are multiple blades, the position in the shaft between adjacent two blade is equipped with hammer, and the bottom of the pulverizing chamber was equipped with
Filter chamber is equipped with sieve in the filter chamber, and the top of the filter chamber is equipped with coarse fodder and exports, and the bottom of the filter chamber is equipped with carefully
Powder exports.
As a further improvement, the fine powder outlet has disinfect box, the top of the disinfect box is equipped with retractable
Insulation film, the bottom and top of the disinfect box are respectively equipped with steam (vapor) outlet and steam inlet.
As an improvement the suspension apparatus includes suspension tank, agitating shaft, the agitating shaft are equipped in the suspension tank
It is connect with stirring motor.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Fertilizing method provided by the invention, step is simple, easily operated, and cost is relatively low, and facilitating not soluble in water has
The fertilising of machine cultivation matrix can substantially reduce labor intensity when fertilising, improve fertilising efficiency and soil to organic culture substrate
Absorptivity；Fertilizer apparatus provided by the invention, reasonable design enter after the drying of organic culture substrate drying device and crush
Device is sheared, hammered and is crushed, and for the organic culture substrate after crushing through screen filtration, filtered coarse fodder, which returns, crushes dress
Set interior carry out separating twice, can be used after filtered fine powder is sterilized, be prepared into suspension after spill into soil, open
Ditch device to field carry out ditching, coverer the ditch after pouring fertilizer fill out cover, it can be achieved that liquid manure pour integration, it is time saving and energy saving,
Fertilising efficiency can be effectively improved.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer apparatus of organic culture substrate provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of pulverizing chamber in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the longitudinal sectional view of the filter chambers Tu1Zhong；
Fig. 4 is the longitudinal sectional view of suspension tank in Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is a kind of flow chart of the fertilizing method of organic culture substrate provided by the invention；
Wherein：1- drying units, 2- grinding devices, 3- pour fertile device, 4- motors, 5- disinfect boxes, 6- suspension apparatus, and 7- is dynamic
Force mechanisms, 8- ploughs, 9- coverers, 11- hoppers, the first screw conveyors of 12-, 13- drying machines, the second helical feeds of 14-
Machine, the channels 15-, 16- cyclone dust collectors, 17- air-introduced machines, 21- feed spaces, 22- pulverizing chambers, 23- shafts, 24- blades, 25- are hit
Beat hammer, the filter chambers 26-, 27- sieves, 31- racks, 32- front-wheels, 33- trailing wheels, 51- insulation films, 52- steam (vapor) outlets, 53- steam
Entrance, 61- suspension tanks, 62- agitating shafts, 63- stirring motors, 64- outlet tubes, the outlet of 261- coarse fodders, the outlet of 262- fine powders.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer apparatus of organic culture substrate provided by the invention, for the ease of
Illustrate, this figure only provides structure division related to the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of fertilizer apparatus of organic culture substrate, including drying unit 1, grinding device 2 and pour fertile dress
3 are set, drying unit 1 includes hopper 11, the first screw conveyor 12, drying machine 13 and the second screw conveyor 14, hopper 11
Bottom is equipped with discharge port, and discharge port is connected to the arrival end of the first screw conveyor 12, the outlet end of the first screw conveyor 12
It is connected to drying machine 13, the exit of drying machine 13 is equipped with channel 15, and the top in channel 15 is communicated with cyclone dust collectors 16, whirlwind
The top of deduster 16 is communicated with air-introduced machine 17, the bottom end of air-introduced machine 17 and the bottom end in channel 15 with the second screw conveyor 14
Connection, the outlet end of the second screw conveyor 14 is connected to grinding device 2.
Grinding device 2 includes feed space 21 and the pulverizing chamber 22 being connected to the bottom end of feed space 21, is equipped in pulverizing chamber 22
One end of shaft 23, shaft 23 is extended outside pulverizing chamber 22, and shaft 23 is extended one end outside pulverizing chamber 22 and connected with the transmission of motor 4
It connects, shaft 23 is equipped with multiple blades 24, and the position in shaft 23 positioned at adjacent two blade 24 between is equipped with hammer 25, pulverizing chamber
22 bottom is equipped with filter chamber 26, and sieve 27 is equipped in filter chamber 26, and the top of filter chamber 26 is equipped with coarse fodder and exports 261, filtering
The bottom of room 26 is equipped with fine powder and exports 262, and control valve, fine powder outlet 262 are equipped at coarse fodder outlet 261 and fine powder outlet 262
It is communicated with disinfect box 5, the top of disinfect box 5 is equipped with openable and closable insulation film 51, and the bottom and top of disinfect box 5 are respectively equipped with steaming
Vapor outlet 52 and steam inlet 53.
It includes rack 31 to pour fertile device 3, and rack 31 is equipped with suspension apparatus 6 and actuating unit 7, and actuating unit 7 is for driving
Motivation frame 31 moves forward, and rack 31 is set there are two front-wheel 32 and two trailing wheels 33, and suspension apparatus 6 includes suspension tank 61, is suspended
Agitating shaft 62 is equipped in tank 61, agitating shaft 62 is sequentially connected with stirring motor 63, and the bottom of suspension tank 61 is equipped with outlet tube 64, goes out
Liquid pipe 64 is equipped with liquid control valve, and outlet tube 64 passes through rack 31 to extend to the lower section of rack 31, and is located at front-wheel 32 with after
Between wheel 33；Position before the bottom of rack 31 is located at outlet tube 64 is equipped with plough 8, and the bottom of rack 31 is located at outlet tube
Position after 64 is equipped with coverer 9.
Embodiment two
A kind of fertilizing method of organic culture substrate, the fertilizing method include the following steps：
(1) dry：Organic culture substrate is spread out into straticulation, the thickness of thin layer is 0.5cm, teds 2 days, will turn under the sun
Organic culture substrate after solarization, which is placed in drying unit, dries, and drying temperature is 40 DEG C, spare；
(2) it crushes：Organic culture substrate after drying in step (1) is placed in grinding device and is crushed, organic cultivation
It trains matrix to crush through blade shearing, peening hammer in pulverizing chamber, after grinding enter in filter chamber, is sieved, sieved through 80 mesh
Coarse fodder after point, which returns, carries out separating twice in pulverizing chamber, the fine powder after screening is spare；
(3) it is suspended：Fine powder in step (2) is added in suspension tank, is added suitable water, the volume ratio of fine powder and water is
3:1, suspending agent is then added, suspending agent is preferably sodium alginate and silicon bentonite, opens agitating shaft, fine powder is made to be mixed to form with water
Suspension；
(4) it ditches：The field applied fertilizer will be needed to ditch, the depth of ditch is 30cm；
(5) it applies fertilizer：Suspension obtained in step (3) is poured into the ditch in step (4)；
(6) earthing：The ditch after suspension will be poured into be filled up with soil；
(7) it turns over：After 5 days, field is turned over.
Embodiment two
A kind of fertilizing method of organic culture substrate, the fertilizing method include the following steps：
(1) dry：Organic culture substrate is spread out into straticulation, the thickness of thin layer is 1.5cm, teds 3 days, will turn under the sun
Organic culture substrate after solarization, which is placed in drying unit, dries, and drying temperature is 50 DEG C, spare；
(2) it crushes：Organic culture substrate after drying in step (1) is placed in grinding device and is crushed, organic cultivation
It trains matrix to crush through blade shearing, peening hammer in pulverizing chamber, after grinding enter in filter chamber, is sieved, sieved through 80 mesh
Coarse fodder after point, which returns, carries out separating twice in pulverizing chamber, the fine powder after screening is spare；
(3) it is suspended：Fine powder in step (2) is added in suspension tank, is added suitable water, the volume ratio of fine powder and water is
4:1, suspending agent is then added, suspending agent is preferably sodium alginate and silicon bentonite, opens agitating shaft, fine powder is made to be mixed to form with water
Suspension；
(4) it ditches：The field applied fertilizer will be needed to ditch, the depth of ditch is 40cm；
(5) it applies fertilizer：Suspension obtained in step (3) is poured into the ditch in step (4)；
(6) earthing：The ditch after suspension will be poured into be filled up with soil；
(7) it turns over：After 7 days, field is turned over.
Trench digging, fertilising and earthing in above-mentioned fertilizing method can be used it is provided by the invention pour fertile device and realize, can also make
It carries out turning over ditch, fertilising and earthing respectively with machinery in the prior art.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of fertilizing method of organic culture substrate, the fertilizing method include the following steps：
(1) dry：Organic culture substrate is spread out into straticulation, is tedded 2~3 days, 40~50 DEG C of drying are spare；
(2) it crushes：Organic culture substrate after drying in step (1) is crushed, the organic culture substrate after crushing is through sieve
Mesh screen point, the coarse fodder after screening carry out separating twice, and the fine powder after screening is spare；
(3) it is suspended：Water and suspending agent is added in fine powder into step (2), and the fine powder is made to form suspension with water；
(4) it ditches：The field applied fertilizer will be needed to ditch, the depth of ditch is 30~40cm；
(5) it applies fertilizer：Suspension obtained in step (3) is poured into the ditch in step (4)；
(6) earthing：The ditch after suspension will be poured into be filled up with soil；
(7) it turns over：After 5~7 days, the field is turned over；
Fertilizer apparatus used in above-mentioned fertilizing method, the fertilizer apparatus include drying unit, grinding device and pour fertile device, institute
It includes rack, the suspension apparatus in the rack and the actuating unit for driving the rack to state and pour fertile device, described
Rack is set there are two front-wheel and two trailing wheels, and the bottom of the suspension apparatus is equipped with outlet tube, and the outlet tube is equipped with out liquid
Control valve, the outlet tube extend to the lower section of the rack across the rack, and between the front wheels and rear wheels；Institute
The position that the bottom for stating rack is located at before the outlet tube is equipped with plough, the bottom of the rack be located at the outlet tube it
Position afterwards is equipped with coverer；
The grinding device includes feed space and the pulverizing chamber that is connected to the bottom end of the feed space, is equipped with and turns in the pulverizing chamber
One end of axis, the shaft is extended outside the pulverizing chamber, and is connect with motor, and the shaft is equipped with multiple blades, described
Position in shaft between adjacent two blade is equipped with hammer, and the bottom of the pulverizing chamber is equipped with filter chamber, the filter chamber
Interior to be equipped with sieve, the top of the filter chamber is exported equipped with coarse fodder, and the bottom of the filter chamber is exported equipped with fine powder；The fine powder
Outlet has disinfect box, the top of the disinfect box to be equipped with openable and closable insulation film, the bottom of the disinfect box and upper part
It She You not steam (vapor) outlet and steam inlet；
The suspension apparatus includes suspension tank, and agitating shaft is equipped in the suspension tank, and the agitating shaft is connect with stirring motor；
The drying unit include hopper, the first screw conveyor being connected to the hopper bottom end and with first spiral transferring
The exit of the drying machine for sending machine to be connected to, the drying machine is equipped with channel, and the top in the channel is communicated with cyclone dust collectors, institute
The top for stating cyclone dust collectors is communicated with air-introduced machine, the bottom end in the bottom end of the air-introduced machine and the channel with the second spiral transferring
Machine is sent to be connected to, second screw conveyor is connected to the grinding device.
2. a kind of fertilizing method of organic culture substrate as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is thin described in step (1)
The thickness of layer is 0.5~1.5cm.
3. a kind of fertilizing method of organic culture substrate as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step is sieved described in (2)
Net sieves for 80 mesh.
4. a kind of fertilizing method of organic culture substrate as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step (2), it will sieve
Fine powder covering and heat insulating film afterwards, hot steam is passed through into insulation film, and the temperature in insulation film is made to rise to 80 DEG C, keeps 30min, from
So it is cooled to room temperature.
5. a kind of fertilizing method of organic culture substrate as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The body of the fine powder and water
Product is than being 3~4:1.
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| CN201510292028.1A CN104871706B (en) | 2015-05-30 | 2015-05-30 | A kind of fertilizing method and fertilizer apparatus of organic culture substrate |
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| CN201510292028.1A CN104871706B (en) | 2015-05-30 | 2015-05-30 | A kind of fertilizing method and fertilizer apparatus of organic culture substrate |
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| CN104871706B true CN104871706B (en) | 2018-10-30 |
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