CN104862399B - 检测食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的含扩增内标的pcr方法及试剂盒 - Google Patents
检测食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的含扩增内标的pcr方法及试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种检测食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的有扩增内标的PCR方法及试剂盒,与现有方法相比,其优点是使用方便、可靠性好、检测周期短、灵敏度高、特异性强、成本低廉、操作步骤简单,适用于高通量操作、标准化操作,对提高食品安全具有重要意义。所述方法包括:(1)利用primer premier 6.0软件设计针对蜡样芽孢杆菌的一对特异性引物A/B和一对扩增内标引物C/D;(2)采集可疑样品进行增菌培养,提取DNA后,A/B和C/D两对引物、扩增内标模板、检测样品DNA共同进行扩增;(5)取试剂盒的PCR反应预混液配置25ul反应体系进行扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳后紫外灯下观察检测结果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,尤其涉及一种检测食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的有扩增内标的PCR方法及试剂盒。
背景技术
蜡样芽孢杆菌是一种产芽孢的革兰氏染色阳性杆菌,在自然界中分布广泛,常存在于土壤、灰尘、污水中,植物和许多生熟食品中常见。目前已从多种食品种分离出该菌,包括肉、乳制品、蔬菜、鱼、土豆、糊、酱油、布丁、炒米饭以及各种甜点等。人类食用受蜡样芽孢杆菌污染的食物可能引起食物中毒,症状通常表现为恶心、呕吐、腹泻等胃肠道感染症状,也可导致胃肠外感染,如脑膜炎、肺炎、心内膜炎和全身性感染等。我国每年都有很多因食用受蜡样芽孢杆菌污染的食品而导致的食物中毒事件,严重威胁人民群众的生命健康。因此,建立一种能快速检测食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的检测方法,对我国人民的公共卫生安全具有重要意义。
目前蜡样芽孢杆菌的检测方法主要有培养法、实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)方法、环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)方法和酶联免疫吸附方法(Enzyme Linked ImmunosorbentAssay,ELISA)等。我国蜡样芽孢杆菌的国家标准检测方法(GB 4789.14-2014)以及出入境检验检疫行业标准(SN/T 0176-2013)都采用的是培养法,需要经过增菌培养、分离纯培养、生化鉴定等实验过程,耗时费力特异性不强,对于仍然具有致病性的“活的非可培养状态”(Viable But Non-Culturable,VBNC)的细菌敏感性较低,可能导致检测结果呈假阴性。
发明内容
鉴于上述各种方法的不足,本发明旨在克服现有技术的不足,提供一种检测周期短、敏感性高、特异性强、操作简单、成本低廉、可准确地检测食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的试剂盒及方法,可在1d之内得到结果,同时无需昂贵的仪器和复杂的试剂,避免因为样品存在DNA聚合酶的抑制因子而得到假阴性结果,可用于多种食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的检测等。
本发明的技术解决方案是:
一种检测食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的有扩增内标的PCR方法及试剂盒,其特殊之处在于:
该试剂盒包含:无菌去离子水,PCR反应预混液,对照品:
所述PCR反应预混液含有PCR反应缓冲液,MgCl2,脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸,检测用引物,扩增内标对照Taq DNA聚合酶,DNA染料;
所述检测用引物为如下4条引物的混合物:
A:AAGAATCCTGATGTGAATTTTGAGG
B:CCCTTGCTACTCCGACTATAATACC
C:GGAATTCGCAGTGATCGCCGCTTGAG
D:CGCGTCGACAGCATCGCGGTTATAGG
所述对照品分为阴性对照品和阳性对照品,阴性对照品为引物C和引物D为引物进行PCR扩增后得到的扩增产物的重组质粒,阳性对照品为混合质粒。
所述重组质粒的制备方法是:分别用A/B和C/D两对引物与相应的模板DNA进行扩增,将扩增产物回收纯化后连接至pMD 19(simple)-T载体,转化至大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞,接种至含抗生素的培养基上培养,PCR筛选阳性菌落后进行测序验证。取经验证后序列正确无误的细菌进行扩大培养,提取质粒,再把两种质粒进行混合,作为阳性对照。
一种检测食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的有扩增内标的PCR方法,其具体操作步骤是:
(a)样品的采集:无菌采集可疑食品;
(b)增菌培养:将采集的可疑食品混合均匀后无菌取样25g,放入无菌研钵、组织研磨器内研磨碎或放入均质袋内均质2min,加入无菌的LB培养基225ml,37±1℃振荡培养10h,得增菌液;
(c)DNA提取:取培养后的增菌液,振荡混匀,取1.5ml于离心管中1000r/min离心1min,除去较大块的食品碎片,取上清10000r/min离心10min,除去上清液,用无菌去离子水重悬、洗涤沉淀,10000r/min离心10min,弃上清,用少量无菌去离子水重悬沉淀,沸水浴5min,冰浴5min,取上清液,得样品模板DNA;
(d)PCR反应管制备:PCR反应管的制备及PCR反应预混液的融化置于冰上进行。依次取PCR反应预混液24ul、样品模板DNA 1ul加入至PCR反应管中混合均匀,制得样品模板DNA的PCR反应管;按样品模板DNA的PCR反应管的制备方法依次制备阴性对照品和阳性对照品的PCR反应管;阴性对照品的PCR反应管中的样品模板DNA用试剂盒中的阴性对照品代替,阳性对照品的PCR反应管中的样品模板DNA用试剂盒中提供的阳性对照品代替;每扩增一次都要至少有一管阴性对照和一管阳性对照。
(e)扩增检测:将制备好的样品模板DNA、阴性对照品、阳性对照品的PCR反应管置于PCR仪上进行PCR扩增,得PCR扩增产物,PCR的具体反应程序为:94℃预变性4min;94℃变性30s,51.2℃退火30s,72℃延伸75s,共30个循环;72℃延伸10min。
(f)检测结果判定:取1.5g琼脂糖溶于100ml电泳缓冲液中,混合均匀后煮沸,冷却,倾倒凝胶板;凝胶冷却凝固后,将PCR扩增产物2-5ul加入凝胶孔中进行电泳;电泳结束后,将凝胶放置于紫外灯下观察,判定结果:①阳性对照的凝胶孔有2条电泳条带而阴性对照的凝胶孔有1条带,则PCR反应检测成功;②若阳性对照的凝胶孔有2条带,阴性对照有1条带,被检样品无条带,则说明提取的DNA中含有抑制PCR反应的因素,建议重新提取DNA后再进行检测;③若阴性对照有2条带,说明PCR反应管制备过程中有交叉污染,结果不可靠,建议重新进行PCR检测;④阳性对照有2条带,阴性对照有1条带,被检样品的凝胶孔只出现1条约1164bp的电泳条带与阳性对照的凝胶孔相应条带大小一致,则结果判断为阴性;⑤被检样品的凝胶孔出现的2条电泳条带与阳性对照的凝胶孔中相应条带大小一致,阴性对照有1条带,则判定为被检样品阳性。
所LB培养基是采用胰蛋白胨10g、酵母5g、氯化钠10g及蒸馏水1000ml,加热搅拌溶解,使用氢氧化钠调节pH至7.0,在121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min制得。
所述电泳的条件为电场强度5V/cm,电泳时间40min。
本发明的有益效果:与现有的检测方法相比,本试剂盒及检测方法使用方便、可靠性好、检测周期短、灵敏度高、特异性强、成本低廉、操作步骤简单,适用于高通量操作、标准化操作,又能鉴别因试剂中存在PCR反应抑制成分而导致的假阴性结果,对提高食品安全水平具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1检测成功的结果;
图2提取的DNA中有PCR抑制剂时扩增得到的结果;
图3 PCR反应管制备过程中有交叉污染时扩增得到的结果;
图4检测样品中蜡样芽孢杆菌阴性时扩增得到的结果;
图5检测样品被蜡样芽孢杆菌污染,扩增呈阳性时得到的结果。
图中:M-DNA分子量标准;阳-阳性对照品;阴-阴性对照品;检-检测的可疑样品。
具体实施方式
实施例
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
1.采集食品样品,混合均匀后无菌采集25g或25ml,用无菌均质袋均质2min,与225ml无菌营养肉汤培养基混合,置于37±1℃增菌培养8-12h,得到增菌液;
2.增菌液振荡混匀后取1.5ml增菌液至离心管中,1000r/min离心1min去除食品碎片,取上清10000r/min离心10min,弃上清,用无菌去离子水重悬沉淀,10000r/min离心10min,弃上清,用少量无菌去离子水重悬沉淀,沸水浴10min,冰浴10min,取上清液,得样品模板DNA;
3.将试剂盒中的PCR反应预混液等置于冰上融化后,取PCR反应预混液20μl置于PCR反应管中,再加入模板DNA 5ul,用移液器吹打混合均匀;按照样品DNA的PCR反应管制备方法依次制备阴性对照品和阳性对照品的PCR反应管;阴性对照品的PCR反应管中的模板DNA用试剂盒中的阴性对照品代替,阳性对照品的PCR反应管中的模板DNA用试剂盒中提供的阳性对照品代替;每扩增一次都要至少有一管阴性对照和一管阳性对照。
4.PCR反应管制备好之后置于PCR仪上进行扩增,具体反应程序为:94℃预变性4min;94℃变性30s、51.2℃退火30s、72℃延伸75s,30个循环;72℃延伸10min。
5.PCR反应结束后,取2-5ul PCR产物进行电泳,紫外灯下观察检测结果。
图1到图5中,M:250 bp DNA分子量标准;阳:阳性对照;阴:阴性对照;检:被检测样品。
如图1所示,阳性对照有2条大小分别为1164bp和544bp的条带,阴性对照只有1条大小为1164bp的条带,说明检测成功。
如图2所示,阳性对照有2条带,阴性对照有1条带,样品孔中没有条带,说明提取的DNA中含有酶抑制剂,建议去除可能的抑制因素后重新进行PCR检测。
如图3所示,阳性对照和阴性对照都有2条带,说明PCR反应管制备过程中有交叉污染,结果不可靠,建议重新进行PCR检测。
如图4所示,阳性对照有2条带,阴性对照没有1条带,样品孔只有1条约1164bp的条带,结果呈阴性,说明样品中没有蜡样芽孢杆菌。
如图5所示,阳性对照有2条带,阴性对照有1条带,样品孔有2条带,说明被检样品呈阳性,样品中有蜡样芽孢杆菌污染。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种检测食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的试剂盒,其特征是:
该试剂盒包含:无菌去离子水、PCR反应液、Taq DNA聚合酶、DNA染料溴化乙锭、溴酚蓝上样缓冲液、对照品;
所述PCR反应液含有PCR反应缓冲液、MgCl2、脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸、检测用引物、扩增内标对照、DNA染料;
所述检测用引物为如下4条引物的混合物:
A:AAGAATCCTGATGTGAATTTTGAGG
B:CCCTTGCTACTCCGACTATAATACC
C:GGAATTCGCAGTGATCGCCGCTTGAG
D:CGCGTCGACAGCATCGCGGTTATAGG
所述对照品分为阴性对照品和阳性对照品,阴性对照品为引物C和引物D为引物进行PCR扩增后得到的扩增产物的重组质粒,其扩增序列见序列表SEQ ID No.6;阳性对照品为以引物A和引物B为引物进行PCR扩增后得到的扩增产物的重组质粒,其扩增序列见序列表SEQ ID No.5,以及以引物C和引物D为引物进行PCR扩增后得到的扩增产物的重组质粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的检测水产品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的试剂盒,其特征是:构建扩增产物的重组质粒时,将扩增产物克隆至pMD 19simple-T载体,转化至大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞,PCR阳性的重组质粒经测序验证目的基因正确无误。
3.根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒检测水产品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的方法,其特征是:
具体步骤是:
(a)样品的采集:无菌采集可疑食品;
(b)增菌培养:将采集可疑食品进行无菌取样,放入无菌研钵或者组织研磨器内匀浆,加入无菌LB培养基,得增菌液;
(c)DNA提取:取培养后的增菌液,振荡混匀后,离心,弃上清,用无菌生理盐水重悬沉淀,离心,弃上清,生理盐水重悬沉淀,沸水浴,冰浴,离心,取上清液,得样品模板DNA;
(d)PCR反应管制备:PCR反应管的制备及PCR反应液的融化置于冰上进行;
依次取PCR反应液、Taq DNA聚合酶、样品模板DNA加入至PCR反应管中混合均匀,制得样品模板DNA的PCR反应管;按样品DNA的PCR反应管的制备方法依次制备阴性对照品和阳性对照品的PCR反应管;
(e)扩增检测:将制备的样品模板DNA、阴性对照品、阳性对照品和标准品的PCR反应管置于PCR仪上,分别进行PCR扩增,得PCR扩增产物;
(f)检测结果判定:取琼脂糖溶于电泳缓冲液,混合均匀后煮沸,冷却,加入溴化乙锭,倾倒凝胶板;凝胶冷却凝固后,将PCR扩增产物与等量溴酚蓝上样缓冲液,加入凝胶孔中进行电泳;电泳结束后,阳性对照的凝胶孔有2条电泳条带而阴性对照的凝胶孔只有1条带,则PCR反应检测成功;被检样品的凝胶孔出现的电泳条带与阳性对照的凝胶孔相应条带大小一致,判定为阳性。
4.根据权利要求3所述的检测水产品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的方法,其特征是:进行增菌培养时,无菌取样质量为9g,LB培养基50ml,培养时间为8h~12h。
5.根据权利要求3所述的检测水产品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的方法,其特征是:所述LB培养基是采用蛋白胨10g、氯化钠10g、酵母提取物5g及蒸馏水1000ml,于pH为7.0状态下,在121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min制得。
6.根据权利要求3所述的检测水产品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的方法,其特征是:所述引物PCR反应体系为PCR反应液20μl、Taq DNA聚合酶0.2μl及样品模板DNA 2μl。
7.根据权利要求3所述的检测水产品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的方法,其特征是:进行PCR扩增时,其反应程序为:94℃预变性4min;94℃变性30s,51.2℃退火30s,72℃延伸75s,共30个循环;72℃延伸10min。
8.根据权利要求3所述的检测水产品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的方法,其特征是:所述琼脂糖质量为0.3g,电泳缓冲液的体积为30ml,溴化乙锭的浓度为0.5μg/ml,PCR扩增产物和溴酚蓝上样缓冲液的体积分别为3μl。
9.根据权利要求3所述的检测水产品中蜡样芽孢杆菌的方法,其特征是:电泳时,电场强度为5V/cm,电泳时间为40min。
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