CN104854269B - 弹力和结集力得到提高的熔喷纤维网及其制造方法 - Google Patents

弹力和结集力得到提高的熔喷纤维网及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN104854269B
CN104854269B CN201380003583.7A CN201380003583A CN104854269B CN 104854269 B CN104854269 B CN 104854269B CN 201380003583 A CN201380003583 A CN 201380003583A CN 104854269 B CN104854269 B CN 104854269B
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fiber web
odd
meltblown fiber
shaped cross
web
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CN104854269A (zh
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李宪注
阳骥旭
车种赫
姜奎锡
金昌现
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Iksung Co Ltd
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Iksung Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供弹力和结集力得到提高的熔喷纤维网和它的制造方法。利用相对于纤维网的总重量含有10至60重量%的热塑性树脂极细丝和40至90重量%的异形截面中空复合短纤维的、含有热塑性树脂的熔喷纤维网，来实现本发明的目的。

Description

弹力和结集力得到提高的熔喷纤维网及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种弹力和结集力得到提高的熔喷纤维网及其制造方法。
背景技术
在内燃机车辆、船舶、飞机等中室内的噪声成为问题。为了防止噪声，制造并在市场上销售各种各样的吸声材料。
熔喷纤维网由于具有优良的吸声性能和单位重量轻的特点，所以可以作为吸声材料使用。这样的纤维网可以用热塑性树脂利用熔喷技术来制造。
在韩国专利申请第2010－7000497号中公开了有关含有熔喷纤维和相互缠绕的短纤维的多孔性无纺布网的技术。公开了如下的网：所述专利的熔喷纤维包含相互缠绕的微纤维（microfiber）和介纤维（mesofiber）的双重模式混合物，有至少比介纤维多约5倍的微纤维，介纤维构成熔喷纤维的约30重量%。
此外，韩国专利第0903559号公开了一种无纺布吸声材料，其是在不同成分的极细丝材质的熔喷无纺布内部均匀分散有一定量的中空丝复合短纤维，每单位重量的表面积大，吸声性能良好的无纺布吸声材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供吸声特性优良、比表面积大、每单位尺寸的重量轻、可以相对增加车辆的能源效率的熔喷纤维网和它的制造方法。
此外，本发明的目的在于，提供弹力和结集力优良、在极细丝和极细丝之间形成无数的空气层使保温性能和噪声降低性能优良、可以提高能源效率的熔喷纤维网和它的制造方法。
就上述的课题而言，通过相对于纤维网的总重量含有10至60重量%的热塑性树脂极细丝和40至90重量%的异形截面中空复合短纤维的含有热塑性树脂的熔喷纤维网，可以实现。
所述异形截面中空复合短纤维，优选单丝纤度为1至50旦尼尔，中空率为10%以上。所述异形截面中空复合短纤维的截面形状优选为多角形、管形、或有凹凸截面使比表面积增加的形状。
此外，优选的特征在于，所述熔喷纤维网具有横纤维层和在横纤维层上形成的纵纤维层，所述横纤维层和纵纤维层连续层叠并连接，所述纵纤维层根据层叠的厚度，由具有2mm至50mm的高度的不规则间隔的峰和谷形成，结构上具有优良的弹性和复原力。
优选的特征在于，所述纵纤维层的上端相互缠绕，形成起伏状的纤维网的最上部。
此外，在所述熔喷纤维网的上面和下面还包含含有纺粘无纺布的覆盖用布。
此外，本发明的目的可以用下述熔喷纤维网的制造方法来实现，熔喷纤维网的制造方法包括：把热塑性树脂组合物装入挤出机并挤出的阶段；把所述挤出的热塑性树脂组合物连同高温、高压的气体一起纺丝成极细丝的形式的阶段；将所述热塑性树脂极细丝和异形截面中空复合短纤维进行空气混合（air-blending）而形成纤丝（filament）的阶段；所述混合后的纤丝的一部分形成横纤维层、另一部分接触层叠形态变更装置接触并连续地在横纤维层上形成纵纤维层而对熔喷纤维网进行层叠的阶段；和对层叠后的熔喷纤维网进行卷取的阶段。
本发明涉及的弹力和结集力得到提高的熔喷纤维网，通过对具有特定骨架的熔喷纤维网和高弹性高中空异形截面复合短纤维进行空气混合，可以制造弹力得到提高的熔喷纤维网。
此外，由于工序更简单，密度低，体积大，所以可以提供与以往的吸声材料（PU泡沫、PET毡、玻璃纤维等）更具轻量性、压缩复原力更优良、结集强度得到强化的熔喷纤维网。
此外，本发明涉及的熔喷纤维网可以作为吸声材料、保温材料使用。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的一个实施例涉及的熔喷纤维网的制造方法的流程图。
图2是本发明的一个实施例涉及的熔喷纤维网的制造装置简图。
图3是本发明的一个实施例涉及的熔喷纤维网的示意剖视图。
图4是本发明的一个实施例涉及的熔喷纤维网的电子显微镜拍摄照片。
图5是本发明的一个实施例涉及的起伏状熔喷纤维网的剖视图。
图6是本发明的熔喷纤维网的吸声率的结果。
图7是表示本发明涉及的异形截面中空复合短纤维的各种截面的图。
图8是本发明涉及的异形截面中空复合短纤维的光学显微镜照片。
图9是本发明涉及的异形截面中空复合短纤维的截面的用电子显微镜拍摄照片。
具体实施方式
在本说明书中使用的用语“热塑性树脂”，是指可以反复进行对高分子树脂提供比熔点高的热量使其熔融、冷却使其固化的操作的树脂。这样的热塑性树脂根据高分子的结晶度的程度可以分为结晶性和非结晶性。结晶性热塑性树脂包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙等，非结晶性热塑性树脂包括聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯等。
在本说明书中使用的用语“聚丙烯”，不只是丙烯的均聚物，也包括重复单元40%以上为丙烯单元的共聚物。
此外，在本说明书中使用的用语“聚烯烃”，是指只由碳和氢原子构成的饱和的开链的烃类聚合物系列中的任何物质。一般的聚烯烃包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲基戊烯以及乙烯、丙烯和甲基戊烯单体的各种配合物。
此外，在本说明书中使用的用语“聚酯”，是包括因形成酯单元而连接且重复单元85%以上为二羧酸和二羟醇的缩合产物的聚合物的概念。这包括芳香族、脂肪族、饱和及不饱和二酸、以及二元醇。此外，“聚酯”包括共聚物和混合物、以及它们的改性物。聚酯的一般例子是作为乙二醇和对苯二甲酸的缩合产物的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）。
此外，在本说明书中使用的用语“熔喷极细丝”，是指将熔融后的加工性聚合物连同高温高速的压缩气体一起介由多个微细的毛细管挤出而形成的纤维或极细丝。在这里，毛细管可以进行圆形、包括三角形和四边形的多角形、星形等的多种变更。作为一例，高温和高速的压缩气体可以将熔融热塑性聚合物材料细化成极细丝，使直径减小到约0.3至10μm。熔喷极细丝可以是不连续的纤维，也可以是连续的纤维。熔喷极细丝的70至80%或70至90%可以具有10μm以下的直径。熔喷极细丝的10%、20%、30%可以具有3μm以下的直径。
在本说明书中使用的用语“纺粘无纺布”，是指利用高温的管对介由毛细管挤出的多个微细直径的纤丝进行拉伸，并将其层叠而制造出的纤维网。
此外，在本说明书中使用的用语“异形截面中空复合短纤维”，是指把聚烯烃系的异性成分材质介由毛细管挤出，形成多个微细直径的纤丝，利用高温的管将其拉伸而形成中空而由此制造的纤维。图7是表示所述毛细管的各种截面。所述毛细管的截面是圆形501、包含三角形502和五角形503的多角形中的某种图案，是变形成星504或哑铃505等多种图案的异形截面。此外，所述毛细管的截面是管形510或凹凸截面506。使用具有管形510和凹凸截面506的毛细管形成的异形截面中空复合短纤维，比表面积被增大。
所述聚烯烃系的异性成分材质是从聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚甲基戊烯、尼龙、聚乳酸（PLA；Polylactic acid）、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯（PTT）等构成的一组中选择的2种。
异形截面中空复合短纤维的单丝纤度优选为1～50旦尼尔，更优选为4～8旦尼尔。此外，平均长度优选为30至60mm。异形截面中空复合短纤维的蜷曲（crimp）不是人为的，是通过基于异性成分材质的分子间磁力而示出无规的卷曲（curl）的形状。此外，可以通过微热重新恢复到最初的形状，也可以对表面进行仿丝（シルク）处理。在本发明中使用的异形截面中空复合短纤维，其特征在于具有10%以上的中空率。本发明的异形截面中空复合短纤维具有异形截面，具有10%以上的中空率，所以可以显示出高弹性和高中空性能。
此外，在本说明书中使用的用语“无纺布、纤维网或无纺织网”，是指各个纤维、极细丝或丝，与编织物相对照不是形成图案，而是以不规则的无规方式配置而形成平面物质的，由纤维、极细丝或丝的每个构成的结构物。
下面通过附图以在本发明的所属技术领域具有一般知识的人员可以容易实施的方式进行详细说明。
图1是按阶段示出本发明的熔喷纤维网的制造方法的图。具体而言，可以用包括以下阶段的方法进行制造：把热塑性树脂组合物装入挤出机并挤出的阶段（S11）；把挤出的热塑性树脂组合物连同高温和高压的气体一起纺丝成极细丝的形式的阶段（S12）；将热塑性树脂极细丝与异形截面中空复合短纤维进行空气混合的阶段（S13）；混合后的纤丝的一部分具有一定的图案并在一个方向层叠而形成横纤维层，另一部分与层叠形态变更装置接触而形成纵纤维层，层叠成熔喷纤维网的阶段（S14）；对层叠的熔喷纤维网进行卷取的阶段（S15）；在所述纤维网的上面和下面将纺粘无纺布层合的阶段（S16）。
图2是简要示出可以应用上述制造阶段的纤维网制造装置的图。
首先，把热塑性树脂和添加剂放入挤出机，进行混炼、加热和挤出，把它移送到纺丝模具3，使其通过30～50个孔口，在收集器13方向对纤维进行纺丝。可以在纺丝时用设置在纺丝模具3内部的高温和高速气体喷射口4A、4B喷射高温和高速的气体，与纤维碰撞，形成熔喷微纤维6。
此时，可以介由设置在纺丝模具3一侧下部的纤维供给装置10，把异形截面中空复合纤维提供给熔喷微纤维被纺丝的部分，进行空气混合。
在上述中，可以按照在熔喷纤维网中含有10至60质量%的热塑性树脂极细丝和40至90重量%的异形截面中空复合短纤维的方式进行混合。在所述熔喷纤维网中异形截面中空复合短纤维为40重量%以下的情况下，如比较例3（短纤维25重量%）那样，压缩恢复率降低。此外，在异形截面中空复合短纤维超过90重量%的情况下，不进行熔喷纤维网最小的骨架形成，不能与异形截面中空复合短纤维混合，结集强度降低。
在所述异形截面中空复合纤维和熔喷微纤维混合后的纤维中，50wt%可以不经过层叠形态变更装置15而直接到达收集器13，在水平方向层叠而形成横纤维层10。剩余的50wt%可以介由层叠形态变更装置15，使纤维11的方向变成垂直，在垂直方向上层叠在横纤维层10的上部，而形成纵纤维层20。此时，横纤维层10和纵纤维层20可以在同一层（layer）上形成，形成纵纤维层在横纤维层上连续层叠并缠绕的结构。所述纵纤维层具有高度为2mm至50mm的不规则间隔的峰和谷。
图5表示这样的具有横纤维层10和纵纤维层20的熔喷纤维网的截面。纵纤维层20的上端相互缠绕，可以形成成为纤维网的最上部的起伏状的起伏层30。就起伏层30而言，成为起伏的峰和谷的线具有不规则间隔，并且在长度方向上排列较长。
图3简要示出本发明的一个实施例涉及的熔喷纤维网的结构，图4示出用电子扫描显微镜拍摄熔喷纤维网的截面得到的照片。从图3和图4可以看出，在熔喷纤维网的上面和底面有纺粘无纺布101A、101AA，熔喷微纤维102和复合短纤维100在纤维网内混合。
所述层叠形态变更装置15，是长度为2200mm、直径为Φ100的钢制辊和相同尺寸的钢制的辊通过直径为2100mm的不锈钢制网带加以连接。钢辊和钢辊之间的距离为400mm，两个钢辊以相同的方向和速度进行旋转。此外，在所述网带内部可以包含用于吸入从纺丝模具3喷出的高温、高压气体的吸入装置。层叠形态变更装置15和纺丝模具3之间的垂直距离优选比层叠形态变更装置15和收集器13之间的距离长40%。可以从所述距离收集50wt%的从纺丝模具纺丝并与异形截面中空复合短纤维进行空气混合后的熔喷极细丝。
下面用实施例对本发明进行详细说明，但不是用实施例限定本发明的技术方案范围。
实施例1
把由熔融指数（230℃）为1400g/10min的LG化学公司的均聚丙烯H7914聚合物树脂99.8wt%、汽巴精化公司（Ciba special chemical）的作为紫外线稳定剂的TINUVIN622（Tinuvin622）0.01wt%和作为热稳定剂的IRGANOX10100.01wt%构成的热塑性树脂组合物，装入挤出机中。使L/D为1/28的单轴挤出机以每分钟80转的速度旋转，对热塑性树脂组合物进行混炼、加热和挤出。此后，把混炼后的组合物移送到纺丝模具3，使其通过直径为0.2mm、每1英寸的个数为32个的孔口，在收集器13的方向上对纤维进行纺丝。纺丝时所述纤维与从在纺丝模具3内部设置的高温和高速气体喷射口4A、4B喷射的高温和高速气体碰撞，形成纤维的平均厚度为3μm的聚丙烯制的熔喷微纤维6。
此时，介由复合纤维供给装置10，把平均厚度为6旦尼尔、平均长度为40mm、表面经过仿丝处理的聚烯烃系材质的异形截面中空复合短纤维5（汇维仕（HUVIS）公司，X94、X01或N368），提供给对熔喷微纤维进行纺丝的部分，对熔喷微纤维6和异形截面中空复合短纤维5进行空气混合。
此时，对熔喷微纤维和异形截面中空复合短纤维以50：50的重量比进行混合。
所述熔喷纤维11的50wt%不经过层叠形态变更装置15，直接到达收集器13并在水平方向上层叠，所述熔喷纤维11的50wt%介由层叠形态变更装置15，使纤维11的方向变更为垂直，并在垂直方向上层叠在水平方向的熔喷纤维网上部。
这样制造的熔喷纤维网12为300g/m2，按照宽度为1800mm、长度为50m的方式卷取在卷取机14上。
卷取后的纤维网在两面与15g/m2的纺粘无纺布101A、101AA层合，制造了总重量为330g/m2、厚度为35mm的熔喷纤维网。
实施例2
按40：60的重量比使用熔喷微纤维和异形截面中空复合短纤维，除了与纺粘无纺布层合的熔喷纤维网12的总重量为330g/m2、厚度为35mm以外，用与实施例1相同的方法制造了熔喷纤维网。
实施例3
按20：80的重量比使用熔喷微纤维和异形截面中空复合短纤维，除了与纺粘无纺布层合的熔喷纤维网12的总重量为120g/m2、厚度为12mm以外，用与实施例1相同的方法制造了熔喷纤维网。
实施例4
按20：80的重量比把熔喷微纤维和异形截面中空复合短纤维混合，除了与纺粘无纺布层合的熔喷纤维网12的总重量为190g/m2、厚度为18mm以外，用与实施例1相同的方法制造了熔喷纤维网。
比较例1
把由熔融指数（230℃）为1400g/10min的LG化学公司的均聚丙烯H7914聚合物树脂99.8wt%、汽巴精化公司（Ciba special chemical）的作为紫外线稳定剂的TINUVIN622（Tinuvin622）0.01wt%和作为耐热稳定剂的IRGANOX10100.01wt%构成的热塑性树脂组合物，装入挤出机中。使L/D为1/28的单轴挤出机以每分钟80转的速度旋转，对热塑性树脂组合物进行混炼、加热和挤出。此后，把混炼后的组合物移送到纺丝模具3，使其通过直径为0.2mm、每1英寸的个数为32个的孔口，在收集器13的方向对纤维进行纺丝。纺丝时所述纤维与从设置在纺丝模具3内部的高温和高速气体喷射口4A、4B喷射的高温和高速气体碰撞，形成纤维的平均厚度为3μm的聚丙烯制的熔喷微纤维6。纺丝后的熔喷微纤维直接到达收集器并层叠。在将层叠后的纤维网卷取在卷取机上后，在两面上与15g/m2的纺粘无纺布层合，制造了由100wt%的聚丙烯熔喷微纤维构成且总重量为330g/m2、厚度为20mm的聚丙烯熔喷纤维网。
比较例2
把由熔融指数（230℃）为1400g/10min的LG化学公司的均聚丙烯H7914聚合物树脂99.8wt%、汽巴精化公司（Ciba special chemical）的作为紫外线稳定剂的TINUVIN622（Tinuvin622）0.01wt%和作为耐热稳定剂的IRGANOX10100.01wt%构成的热塑性树脂组合物，装入挤出机中。使L/D为1/28的单轴挤出机以每分钟80转的转速旋转，对热塑性树脂组合物进行混炼、加热和挤出。此后，把混炼后的组合物移送到纺丝模具3，使其通过直径为0.2mm、每1英寸的个数为32个的孔口，在收集器13的方向对纤维进行纺丝。纺丝时所述纤维与从设置在纺丝模具3内部的高温和高速气体喷射口4A、4B喷射的高温和高速气体碰撞，形成纤维的平均厚度为3μm的聚丙烯制的熔喷微纤维6。
此时，介由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯短纤维供给装置10，把聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯短纤维提供给熔喷微纤维被纺丝的部分，对熔喷微纤维6和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯短纤维5进行空气混合。此时，使熔喷微纤维和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯短纤维按50：50的重量比混合。
这样制造的熔喷纤维网12为300g/m2，按照宽度为1800mm、长度为50m的方式卷取在卷取机14上。卷取的纤维网在两面上与15g/m2的纺粘无纺布层合，制造了总重量为330g/m2、厚度为35mm的熔喷纤维网。
比较例3
按75：25的重量比使用聚丙烯熔喷微纤维和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）一般中空丝短纤维，除此以外，用与所述比较例2相同的方法制造了纤维网。制造的纤维网的总重量为190g/m2，厚度为8mm。
比较例4
按60：40的重量比使用聚丙烯熔喷微纤维和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）一般中空丝短纤维，除此以外，用与所述比较例2相同的方法制造了纤维网。制造的纤维网的总重量为190g/m2，厚度为10mm。
实验例
对在所述实施例和比较例中制造的熔喷纤维网的厚度、压缩恢复率、结集破坏强度、吸声率和热阻值进行测定，其结果示于下述的表1至5。此外，在图6中，对实施例1（a）、实施例2（b）、比较例1（c）、比较例2（d）的吸声率进行测定并示出。
试样的厚度基于作为国际厚度测定标准的ISO9073－2的5.3项进行测定，在测定了各试样的厚度后，将平均值作为代表值示出。
关于试样的压缩恢复率，从试样的任何部位取5块100mm×100mm大小的正方形试样。把120mm×120mm大小的150g的正方形加压板以0.1kPa对所取的试样加压后，用尺测定各试样压缩前的厚度。试样的压缩是把500g、Φ40的砝码放置在100mm×100mm×0.8mm的钢板上，在120±2℃下放置1小时后，测定压缩后的厚度。计算压缩前的厚度和压缩后的厚度的变化率后，将平均值作为代表值示出。
试样的结集力试验，基于GMW14695，以每分钟25mm的速度对纤维网的两个表面进行拉伸，测定结集被破坏的最大负荷。
试样的吸声性能，基于技术标准GM14177，把1000×1200mm大小的试样用小型混响室法进行试验，测定了吸声率值。
试样的热阻值（clo）基于KS K0466加以测定。
实验的结果示于以下的表1至5。
[厚度]
[表1]
试样 厚度（mm） 试样 厚度（mm）
实施例1 35 比较例1 20
实施例2 35 比较例2 35
实施例3 12 比较例3 8
实施例4 18 比较例4 10
[压缩恢复率（耐热性能：120±2℃1HR加压）]
[表2]
试样 压缩恢复率（%） 试样 压缩恢复率（%）
实施例1 65 比较例1 40
实施例2 70 比较例2 55
实施例3 80 比较例3 50
实施例4 80 比较例4 60
[结集破坏强度]
[表3]
试样 结集强度（N/cm<sup>2</sup>） 试样 结集强度（N/cm<sup>2</sup>）
实施例1 51 比较例1 40
实施例2 53 比较例2 46
实施例3 54 比较例3 43
实施例4 56 比较例4 45
[吸声率]
[表4]
400 500 630 800 1k 1.25k 1.6k 2k 2.5k 3.15k 4k 5k 6.3k 8k 10k NRC
实施例1 0.38 0.56 0.73 0.89 1.00 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.02 1.05 0.89
实施例2 0.41 0.59 0.75 0.91 1.05 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.13 0.93
比较例1 0.17 0.30 0.41 0.51 0.64 0.76 0.82 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.79 0.84 0.65
比较例2 0.25 0.41 0.56 0.71 0.83 0.98 1.01 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.79
[热阻值]
[表5]
试样 热阻（clo） 试样 热阻（clo）
实施例3 2.507 比较例3 1.921
实施例4 4.207 比较例4 2.310
从试验的结果可以看出，用本发明的制造方法制造的实施例1与比较例1相比，吸声率增加约27%，压缩恢复率增加约25%，结集破坏强度增加约22%。
此外，实施例1与比较例2相比，吸声率增加约12%，压缩恢复率增加约10%，结集破坏强度增加约10%。
实施例2与实施例1相比，吸声性能增加约4%，压缩恢复率增加约5%，结集破坏强度增加约4%。
实施例3与比较例3相比，热阻值增加约30%，实施例4与比较例4相比，热阻值增加约82%。
汇总所述实验的结果，可知本发明涉及的熔喷纤维网是对熔喷极细丝和异形截面中空复合短纤维进行空气混合，由层叠了横纤维层和纵纤维层的骨架形成纤维网，所以纤维网的比表面积增加，在纤维网中存在无数的空气层，具有优良的吸声性能和热阻值。此外，上述的纤维网骨架不会妨碍纤维网的基本性质，纤维网的弹性和恢复、结集强度提高，所以可以作为吸声材料或保温材料使用。
此外，熔喷纤维网的厚度恢复功能提高，与以往的吸声材料（PU泡沫、PET毡、玻璃纤维等）相比具有减轻重量的效果，也具有优良的作为吸声材料性能的功能。此外，提高了熔喷纤维网的结集力，与以往的熔喷纤维网相比，可以确保优良的收缩率和变形率，加工性能优良。
图中：3－纺丝模具，3A－孔口内部，4A、4B－高温和高速气体喷射口，5、100－短纤维，6、102－熔喷微纤维，100A－短纤维的外侧，100B－短纤维的内侧（中空），10－纤维供给装置，11－熔喷纤维，12－纤维网，13－收集机，14－卷取机，15－层叠形态变更装置，101A、101AA－纺粘无纺布。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于吸声材料的熔喷纤维网，其含有热塑性树脂，其中，
相对于所述纤维网的总重量，含有10至60重量％的热塑性树脂极细丝和40至90重量％的异形截面中空复合短纤维；
所述熔喷纤维网具有横纤维层和在横纤维层上形成的纵纤维层，
其中，所述热塑性树脂极细丝与异形截面中空复合短纤维混合形成的纤丝的一部分在水平方向上层叠而形成所述横纤维层，并使剩余的所述纤丝的方向变成垂直，在垂直方向上层叠在所述横纤维层的上部，而形成所述纵纤维层，
所述横纤维层和纵纤维层连续层叠并连接，所述纵纤维层是由具有2mm至50mm的高度的不规则间隔的峰和谷形成，
所述异形截面中空复合短纤维具有30至60mm平均长度，以及4至8旦尼尔的单丝纤度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于吸声材料的熔喷纤维网，其特征在于，
所述异形截面中空复合短纤维的单丝纤度为1至50旦尼尔，中空率为10％以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于吸声材料的熔喷纤维网，其特征在于，
所述异形截面中空复合短纤维的截面形状有多角形、管形或凹凸截面，增大比表面积。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于吸声材料的熔喷纤维网，其特征在于，
所述纵纤维层的上端相互缠绕，形成起伏状的纤维网的最上部。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于吸声材料的熔喷纤维网，其特征在于，在所述熔喷纤维网的上面和下面还包含含有纺粘无纺布的覆盖用布。
6.一种用于吸声材料的熔喷纤维网的制造方法，其中，包括：
把热塑性树脂组合物装入挤出机并挤出的阶段；
把所述挤出的热塑性树脂组合物连同高温和高压的气体一起纺丝成极细丝的形式的阶段；
将热塑性树脂极细丝与异形截面中空复合短纤维进行空气混合而形成纤丝的阶段；
所述混合后的纤丝的一部分在水平方向上层叠而形成横纤维层，另一部分与层叠形态变更装置接触使其方向变成垂直并在垂直方向上在所述横纤维层上连续形成纵纤维层而层叠熔喷纤维网的阶段；和
对层叠的熔喷纤维网进行卷取的阶段；
其中，在所述熔喷纤维网中，相对于所述纤维网的总重量，含有10至60重量％的热塑性树脂极细丝和40至90重量％的异形截面中空复合短纤维，所述异形截面中空复合短纤维具有30至60mm平均长度，以及4至8旦尼尔的单丝纤度。
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