CN104838830A - Relay intercropping planting method for potatoes and soybeans - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a relay intercropping planting method for potatoes and soybeans. In the planting method, labor of people and livestock is replaced by fully by mechanical means in the links of potato relay intercropping soybean culture so as to achieve a culture mode where agricultural machinery and agronomy are perfectly combined. The planting method has the characteristics of being labor-saving, time-saving, seed-saving, fertilizer-saving, ventilating and light transmitting, efficient in use of water and fertilizer and the like. The planting method provides the principle technical supports for alleviating the labor intensity of farmers and improving the resource use efficiency and the production efficiency of soil, and is the only way for industrial development of potatoes and soybeans.

Description

A kind of potato soybean relay interplanting planting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of potato soybean relay interplanting planting method.

Background technology

Along with people are to the further investigation of food and health relation, every health care of soybean is familiar with gradually and is paid close attention to, thus soybean is had a sudden rise in social status, and becomes global health food geared to the 21st century.Northwest soybean belongs to the non-main producing region of China soybean, sowing area and gross yield less, the demand well below this region to soybean.Therefore, play the Northwest's natural resource advantages fully, utilize existing agricultural infrastructure condition, original abundant plantation experience and modern science and technology are combined, the efficient multiple cropping planting patterns of development various ways increases northwest soybean acreage, solve the Northwest's human consumption soybean self-supporting, will play an important role to alleviation China supply and demand of soybean contradiction.

Potato is the Northwest's staple food crop, and area and the equal position of output occupy the leading place in the whole country, and are one of the most potential agriculture special advantage industries in northwest, is also one of mainstay industry promoting increasing peasant income and rural economic development.In recent years, along with potato planting area increases rapidly, in the urgent need to the high yield, the high-quality corresponding cultivation techniques that adapt with it.Nonoculture, continuous cropping easily increase the weight of potato disease, production need avoid continuous cropping obstacle by crop rotation, which hampers the expansion of potato planting area and add construction of base cost.

Traditional intercropping and interplanting cropping pattern can make full use of crop in photo-thermal liquid manure space and time difference, improves resource utilization and land productivity, but along with the development of agricultural mechanization, this intensive cultivation technology is also challenged.If variety matching, band amplitude ratio example, date of seeding density unreasonable, farming operation is just very inconvenient, to take a lot of work effort, and be not suitable for the application of agricultural machinery than nonoculture.

The technical scheme that patent discloses " a kind of novel compensation cultivation method for interplanting potato with soybean " of publication number CN102067775, but it still has following defect:

1, technical scheme is taken a lot of work, time-consuming, labour intensity large, large to Relay-planting soybean damage during results potato;

2, in prior art, potato, soybean band width and band amplitude ratio example are not suitable for mechanized operation, and are not suitable for crop rotation in band between year border;

3, prior art only proposes technical scheme (Early cropping potato is very little in northwest cultivated area) for Early cropping potato Relay-planting soybean, and does not propose technical scheme to the late-maturing potato Relay-planting soybean of the Northwest's establishing in large scale.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides a kind of potato soybean relay interplanting planting method being suitable for mechanized operation.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of potato soybean relay interplanting planting method, comprises the following steps:

1) arable land is selected: selection soil layer is deep, the arable land fertile, physical features is smooth, area is larger of loosening;

2) wholely: adopt the compound cultivated method of soil preparation of mechanization, deep ploughing more than 30cm;

3) Fruit variety: potato selection plant type is upright, branch is less, the kind of proper height; Soybean selects drought-enduring, anti-fall, that end pod is higher late variety; Early cropping potato recommend to select LK99, grams new No. 2 etc., late-maturing potato recommends to select No. 10, blue or green potato, new large level ground etc.Soybean selects drought-enduring, anti-fall Mid-late ripening soybean varieties, recommends to select Ji beans 17, yellow No. 2 of Gansu Province etc.;

4) fertilization mode: fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are combined and apply, every mu, base fertilizer organic fertilizer 5000 kilograms, superphosphate 50 kilograms, 5 kilograms, potassium chloride, sprinkles evenly when mechanization deep ploughing whole ground and applies; During potato sowing, execute 20 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 30 kilograms, 5 kilograms, potassium chloride for every mu, impose 8 kilograms, urea potato squaring period every mu; 5 kilograms, urea is imposed the Soybean Growth Characters later stage every mu;

5) field planting spacing: as shown in Figure 1, potato intercropping and interplanting soybean band fabric width 2m, potato, soybean adopt the plantation of 1:1 constant amplitude, plantation 2 row potatos in 1m width, ridging, overlay film, row spacing 80-100cm, ridge height 15-25cm, flat kind of 2 row soybean in 1m width, potato, soybean line-spacing are 40cm, potato and soybean spacing 60cm;

6) date of seeding collocation: the Early cropping potato sowing time be annual March 20 to April 5, the late-maturing potato sowing time is that annual April 20 was to May 5; The soybean planting time is that annual April 10 was to April 25;

7) sowing depth and density: the potato sowing degree of depth is 10-15cm, the soybean planting degree of depth is 5-8cm; Potato sowing density is every mu of plantation 3000-3500 strain, and soybean planting density is every mu of plantation 8000-10000 strain;

8) in good time gather in the crops: potato harvest standard for when potato haulm 2/3 turn yellow, stem tuber maturation, perithelium hardening time can gather in the crops; Soybean harvest standard is that soybean enters full ripening stage, and namely blade comes off completely, and stem, pod, grain are former variety colour, and beans all returns circle, and Desiccated velocity drops to less than 20%, and shake beanpod has sound, can gather in the crops.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: a kind of potato soybean relay interplanting planting method provided by the invention, has the following advantages:

1, determine be suitable for mechanized operation kind, band amplitude ratio example, date of seeding the cultural facts such as density, define the potato intercropping and interplanting soybean Mechanization Technique code compared with system, there is saving of labor, save time, to save kind, the advantage such as joint fertilizer, ventilation and penetrating light, liquid manure efficiency utilization, be the major technique guarantee alleviating peasant's labour intensity, the raising level of resources utilization and soil production efficiency;

2, adjust potato, soybean band width, band amplitude ratio example is 1:1, and this cultivation method potato planting band and soybean planting band adopt between year border is with interior crop rotation to improve edaphon structure, effectively alleviates potato continuous cropping obstacle;

3, concrete technical scheme is proposed for different maturation period Potato Cultivars intercropping and interplanting soybean.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is field planting spacing schematic diagram.

Embodiment

embodiment 1:

1, materials and methods:

1.1 test materials:

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] the kind Ji beans 17 selecting Food and Oil Crops Inst., Hebei Agriculture and Forestry Academy to be bred as, carry out intercropping and interplanting with Early cropping potato [the Solanum tubersum L.] kind grams new No. 4 of potato research institute of Heilongjiang Province seed selection.

1.2 experimental field overviews:

Test and carry out in Guo cities and towns, Huining County, Gansu Province in 2009-2012, be located in 35 ° of 37 ' N, 105 ° of 13 ' E, height above sea level 1680m, average temperature of the whole year 6.7 DEG C, average annual rainfall 263.1mm, wherein account for about 60% of annual rainfall 7 ~ September, year evaporation discharge reach 1600mm, be 5 times of average precipitation, the effective accumulated temperature of >=10 DEG C 3244 DEG C, weather makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and sunshine is sufficient, and soil is sierozem and anthropogenic-alluvial soil.

1.3 field experimental design and plantation specification:

This test adopts single factor test randomised block design, totally 3 process, Early cropping potato intercropping and interplanting soybean, nonoculture soybean, nonoculture potato, and repeat for 3 times, every plot area is 54m ², 100cm ridging overlay film kind 2 row potato, during ridging, ridge height 20cm, face, ridge is curved.Plantation on March 20 potato, density 31755 caves/mu ², line-spacing 40cm, cave is apart from 30cm.Plantation on April 15 soybean, 100cm kind 2 row soybean, density is 10000 plants/acre, line-spacing 40cm.This plantation specification is suitable for mechanized operation.

2, results and analysis:

2.1 Early cropping potato Relay-planting soybean output effect analyses:

Research shows, under potato interplanting soybean Model, the average yield of potato is 39306.75kg/hm ², soybean average yield is 2159.14 kg/ hm ², comparatively potato nonoculture, soybean nonoculture average yield 43087.82 kg/ hm ², 3370.35kg/ hm ²have dropped 8.78%, 35.94% respectively, potato beans cover operation mode average output value is 56469.15 yuan ﹒ hm ^-2, comparatively potato nonoculture average output value 52124.55 yuan ﹒ hm ^-2improve 8.34%, this pattern output effect is more obvious.Table 1 is shown as the analysis of potato Relay-planting soybean output effect quantitatively, as shown in Table 1, potato Relay-planting soybean can improve soil cropping index, improves land utilization rate, have good output effect, its yield per unit area, the output value comparatively nonoculture improve 1.39 and 1.43 times.

Table 1

2.2 potato Relay-planting soybean are on the impact of edaphon:

By measuring the location nonoculture potato (continuous cropping) of the 3rd year and Intercropping Potato edaphon and analyze, potato beans cover do on soil microbe quantity to affect result as shown in table 2, show that in interplanting soil, bacterium, Population of Actinomycetes are higher than continuous cropping, difference reaches significance level, and in continuous cropping soil, fungi is significantly higher than cover and deals with.After results, interplanting soil bacteria is front relative to sowing compared with continuous cropping with Population of Actinomycetes, adds 5.84 × 107cfu.g ^-1, 0.525 × 107cfu.g ^-1, respectively higher than continuous cropping by 6.76%, 63.11%, the change of fungi presents contrary trend, after results with sowing before compared with, in interplanting soil, fungi reduces 38.63% than continuous cropping.

Table 2

2.3. potato Relay-planting soybean is on the impact of crop quality:

Potato intercropping and interplanting soybean can improve soybean and potato portion quality.Potato beans cover is done as shown in table 3 on the impact of crop quality, and Relay-planting soybean crude protein content improves 3.62% relative to nonoculture, and fat content have dropped 3.41%, and egg fat total content slightly improves.Intercropping Potato content of starch and content of reducing sugar are 12.58%, 0.101%, have dropped respectively relative to nonoculture potato, 8.31% and 53.24%, and the interplanting of potato beans can reduce content of starch, extremely significantly reduces content of reducing sugar.Intercropping Potato Vitamin C content, crude protein content are relative to nonoculture potato, and improve 17.06%, 24.88% respectively, difference reaches significance level.

Table 3

Planting patterns	Soybean nonoculture	Soybean interplanting
			Crude protein t(mg/kg)	42.53	44.68a
Fat (mg/kg)	19.45	18.7a
			Egg fat total amount (g/kg)	61.98	62.84a
Planting patterns	Potato nonoculture	Potato interplanting
			Dry matter (g/kg)	189.8	212.9
Crude starch (g/kg)	137.2	125.8
			Reducing sugar (g/kg)	2.16	1.01
Vitamin C Vc(mg/kg)	146.5	171.5
			Vitamin C Vc(mg/kg)	21.3b	24.6a
Commodity potato rate (%)	78.4a	81.1a

Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a potato soybean relay interplanting planting method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

1) arable land is selected: selection soil layer is deep, the arable land fertile, physical features is smooth, area is larger of loosening;

2) wholely: adopt the compound cultivated method of soil preparation of mechanization, deep ploughing more than 30cm;

3) Fruit variety: potato selection plant type is upright, branch is less, the kind of proper height; Soybean selects drought-enduring, anti-fall, that end pod is higher late variety;

4) fertilization mode: fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are combined and apply, every mu, base fertilizer organic fertilizer 5000 kilograms, superphosphate 50 kilograms, 5 kilograms, potassium chloride, sprinkles evenly when mechanization deep ploughing whole ground and applies; During potato sowing, execute 20 kilograms, urea, superphosphate 30 kilograms, 5 kilograms, potassium chloride for every mu, impose 8 kilograms, urea potato squaring period every mu; 5 kilograms, urea is imposed the Soybean Growth Characters later stage every mu;

5) field planting spacing: potato intercropping and interplanting soybean band fabric width 2m, potato, soybean adopt the plantation of 1:1 constant amplitude, plantation 2 row potatos in 1m width, ridging, overlay film, row spacing 80-100cm, ridge height 15-25cm, flat kind of 2 row soybean in 1m width, potato, soybean line-spacing are 40cm, potato and soybean spacing 60cm;

6) date of seeding collocation: the Early cropping potato sowing time be annual March 20 to April 5, the late-maturing potato sowing time is that annual April 20 was to May 5; The soybean planting time is that annual April 10 was to April 25;

7) sowing depth and density: the potato sowing degree of depth is 10-15cm, the soybean planting degree of depth is 5-8cm; Potato sowing density is every mu of plantation 3000-3500 strain, and soybean planting density is every mu of plantation 8000-10000 strain;

8) in good time gather in the crops: potato harvest standard for when potato haulm 2/3 turn yellow, stem tuber maturation, perithelium hardening time can gather in the crops; Soybean harvest standard is that soybean enters full ripening stage, and namely blade comes off completely, and stem, pod, grain are former variety colour, and beans all returns circle, and Desiccated velocity drops to less than 20%, and shake beanpod has sound, can gather in the crops.