CN104823803A - Rain snow and ice freezing resistance evergreen broad-leaf forest afforestation method - Google Patents
Rain snow and ice freezing resistance evergreen broad-leaf forest afforestation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rain snow and ice freezing resistance evergreen broad-leaf forest afforestation method, which belongs to the field of mountain forest ecological system environment protection. The method comprises the following concrete steps that major tree species and common tree species of coastal mountain typical evergreen broad-leaf forest are selected; through testing and analyzing the reflected response features of plants for resisting mechanical damage and low-temperature environment, a layer analysis method is used for calculating the wind and ice freezing resistance relative capability (IE value) of each species, and the suitable growth species are selected; the geomorphic growth preference features of the species are combined, the wind-resistance advance species applicable to different geographical conditions are screened; through the steps of afforestation, tending, function target tree culture and the like on the selected species, the vergreen broad-leaf forest with strong rain snow and ice freezing resistance capability can be integrally built. The method can be used for accurately selecting the rain snow and ice freezing resistance tree species applicable to different mountain environment. Compared with the conventional forest afforestation method, the method has the advantages that the freezing resistance performance of the afforestation tree species is good, the growth is good, the forest stand function targets are clear, the efficiency is high, and the like. The rain snow and ice freezing resistance evergreen broad-leaf forest afforestation method can be used for ecological restoration afforestation for rain snow and ice freezing mountain.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to montane ecosystem environment protection field, be specifically related to a kind of method of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation
Background technology
Evergreen broad-leaved forest is the elite of China's Forest Resources, is the forest ecosystem that structure is the most complicated, group is the most stable, biomass is comparatively large, bio-diversity is the abundantest, ecological functions are the strongest.Conservation and development evergreen broad-leaved forest, not only for safeguarding that Homeland Security, species safety, weather safety, fresh water safety, living safety have great strategic significance, and has profound significance to realizing Chinese nation's Sustainable Development.
Sleet and snow ice can cause direct or indirect harmful effect to forest and region environment, and the mechanical pressure as accumulated snow and ice slush can cause the skill bar of forest to break the tip or lodging, and low temperature can cause forest to freeze to death and frostbite.At the beginning of 2008, when south China freezing rain and snow disaster occurs, 18 the provinces and cities' forestry damaged area in south reach 1,860 ten thousand hm
2, be equivalent to 1/10 of national Forestry Area, cause serious harm to the sustainable development of Subtropic of China forest ecosystem.And traditional forest experience of planting that China's current afforestation forest culture and management is assessed mainly with forest department is reference, differentiate forest specific ecological functions aspect Shortcomings, especially in afforestation practice, can not from the species function of the Ecological Mechanism angular defining plant community of plant.After freezing rain and snow disaster occurs, forest ecosystem is uneven to freezing disaster resistivity, significantly reduces forest ecosystem to freezing rain and snow disaster total defense ability.
Forest functional trait can define the functional form of plant, simultaneously can the structure of dynamic evaluation forest ecosystem and feature.Forest functional trait is the objective expression adaptability of plant to environment not only, also can produce response to the change of living environment, directly the specific function of sign forest ecosystem.(the Li Qing powder such as Li Qing powder, Wang Junhui, Jia Zirui etc. lijiang spruce natural population needle functional trait and the variation [J] with height above sea level thereof. forestry scientific research .2013,26 (6): 781-785) Quan Quan inquire into dragon spruce population needle functional trait and the variation law with height above sea level thereof by carbon, nitrogen, content of tatal phosphorus and the parameter such as three needle length and width in the naturally raw dragon spruce body of research Lijing 4 kinds.(the Lu Xinghui such as Lu Xinghui, Ding Yi, Zang Runguo etc. the functional trait analysis [J] of aged this plant seedlings of forest of Hainan Island tropical Atlatic. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica .2011,35 (12): 1300-1309) utilize the functional trait features such as the physiology of plant, form and the history of life, disclose functional trait to the influencing mechanism to species coexistence.(the He Chunxia such as He Chunxia, Li Jiyue, the leaf characters of the tall and big trees of equality .4 kind in the Meng and WUE are with the change [J] of the height of tree. Acta Ecologica Sinica .2013,33 (18): 5644-5654) by being studied with the change of canopy height and interspecific difference the tall and big Tree Blades Morphological Anatomic Structure of Xishuangbanna North tropical rain forest four kinds, photosynthetic pigment, water use efficiency (WUE) etc., having inquired into leaf characters and the waterpower restriction caused is increased to channel resistance having strengthened and the response mechanism of the weather conditions such as high light and seasonal drought.(the Yan Enrong such as Yan Enrong, Wang Liangyan, Li Xiupeng. transform based on seeds functional trait the effect [J] that coastal low mountain, East Zhejiang province wind resistance snow ice freezes shelter forest. forest-science .2014,50 (6): 98-106) with cryptomeria woods impaired after the winding typhoon of Zhejiang Tiantong and freezing sleet calamity for transformation object, according to forest functional trait, Preliminary screening goes out to have the seeds that resistance to mechanical is impaired and cold tolerance is excellent, but its research object is mainly impaired cryptomeria woods, the measure taked, mainly to forest land structural adjustment, is only configured with the anti-sleet and snow ice seeds of part.What is more important, this research fails to distinguish different site type, does not relate to the different condition area in overall mountain region, considers the Ecological Afforestation after the freezing rain and snow disaster of whole region.Therefore, develop a set of differentiation forest to the method for the defence capability of freezing rain and snow disaster, health, safety and the continuable standing forest with specific ecological functions are built for structure there is important function.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the present situation lacking quantitative Diagnosis seeds anti-ice sleet snow functional characteristic for existing forestry technology, utilize plant functional traits method, there is provided a kind of freeze proof by force impaired with resistance to mechanical, grow, standing forest functional objective is clear and definite, safety, stable evergreen broad-leaved forest Planting Techniques, solve the technical bottleneck that existing vegetation opposing freezing rain and snow disaster ability is more weak, specifically comprise and build species anti-sleet disaster capability database, the suitable biological species of screening, species and environment optimization configure, weeding is loosened the soil and is fostered, the contents such as intermediate cutting and later stage objective function seeds cultivation.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A method for anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation, carry out according to following steps:
(1) according to typicalness, fragility that low mountain forest ecosystem has, seeds or common tree is mainly formed for afforestation object with coastal uplant zonality evergreen broad-leaved forest, set up different plant species resistance to mechanical to coerce and the database of anti-sleet and snow ice, on this basis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to calculate the relative ability value (IE value) of different plant species opposing sleet and snow ice poor environment, species IE value is larger, and the relative ability of its anti-sleet and snow ice poor environment is larger;
(2) according to the relative ability value (IE value) of the different plant species opposing sleet and snow ice poor environment obtained in step (1), Preliminary screening goes out the seeds of anti-sleet and snow ice.Simultaneously in conjunction with the landform growth preference characteristics of different plant species, classify further to primary dcreening operation species, again utilize analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the best adapting to anti-sleet and snow ice under filtering out different condition area further fits biological species;
(3) according to the suitable biological species for filtering out under different condition area in step (2), for different site distributes the suitable biological species of suitable raw anti-sleet and snow ice rationally;
(4) Specific disposition, initial density in planting and implantation methods is considered, overall afforestation or the stand improvement scheme forming complete mountain region;
(5) to the construction shaping anti-sleet and snow ice woods later stage take weeding to loosen the soil to foster, the Tending measures such as intermediate cutting and later stage objective function seeds cultivation.
Wherein, the functional trait of Genes For Plant Tolerance mechanical stress described in step (1) comprises plant dried material density, blade SL A, specific leaf area, dry matter content, branch density proterties.
The evaluation index that described in step (1), Genes For Plant Tolerance is freezing comprises plant leaf blade electrical conductivity and bark thickness showed.
The anti-sleet and snow ice seeds IE frequency that Preliminary screening described in step (2) goes out adds and is worth >=and 80%;
The landform growth Preference of species described in step (2), landform comprises mountain top, domatic and position, slope paddy three slopes.
The best adapting to anti-sleet and snow ice under filtering out different condition area described in step (2) fits biological species, and its IE frequency adds and is worth >=and 80%.
The sizes values that Preliminary screening described in step (2) goes out the relative ability value (IE value) of anti-sleet and snow ice seeds method Main Basis different plant species opposing sleet and snow ice poor environment sorts.
Object seeds of afforesting described in step (4) generally select 1-3 healthy growth, growing way vigorous, without the indigenous tree species of damage by disease and insect.
The afforestation nursery stock of object of afforesting described in step (4) is grow directly from seeds strong sprout (I, II level seedling), seedling height >=0.5cm, terminal bud is full, Miao Gan is sturdy, leading thread >=1cm, is with little mud ball during afforestation, mud ball length × wide × high standard is 12 × 12 × 20 (cm), take lifting on the same day, the same day afforests, and guarantees that seedling survives.
Described in step (4) afforestation or stand improvement scheme in different site community afforestation initial density in planting be respectively domatic 7800 strains/hm
2; Slope paddy 8000 strains/hm
2; Mountain top 8000 strains/hm
2, Afforestation Time is that mid-March is to early April.
Tending measures described in step (5) carries out weeding to young growth, loosens the soil and expands cave fostering after referring to afforestation for continuous 4 years, promotes young growth closing of crop.
The operation time of the cleaning in stand tending final-period management described in step (5) is that late November is to by the end of December, its intensity≤10%, cut down rear forest tree remainder still to place in woods, naturally rot, keep the suitable growth of functional objective tree, make forest plants composition and land occupation condition towards healthy, stable succession future development.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. set up the appraisement system that the functional configurations of coastal uplant typical case evergreen broad-leaved forest Genes For Plant Tolerance mechanical stress proterties and anti-ice are frozen, Scientific evaluation coastal uplant plant-freezing disaster environmental system interoperability.
2. the anti-sleet and snow ice filtering out different site type (domatic, slope paddy and mountain top) fits biological species, improves species individual survival ability, strengthens stability of community and antijamming capability.
3. distribute the interoperability of species and environment rationally, cultivate through tending [after young plantation, intermediate cutting and objective function tree, form scale stratified mixed stand, the shelter forest effectively solving harsher habitat, low mountain is built, and increases bio-diversity, significantly improves productivity.
4. accurately choose the adaptive plant that different mountain regions rain and snow is freezing, build the advantages such as seeds have resistance, grow, effect is high, workable.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with subordinate list and specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further details.
Implement place and be positioned at winding forest zone, Tian Tong forest farm, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, experimental period is year December in February, 2005 to 2013.
(1) the virgin winding forest zone, forest farm (29 ° of 46 ' N, 121 ° of 48 ' E) in sky, area 91hm
2, height above sea level 450m, zonal soil is red soil, soil layer thickness differs, general at about 1m, this district is located in the east in the middle part of subtropics, affects by maritime monsoon climate, warm and moist, average annual temperature 16.2 DEG C, the coldest 1 monthly mean temperature 4.1 DEG C, the lowest temperature in February, 2008 is-5 DEG C, average annual precipitation 1386mm, year relative moisture 82%.Annual 7-10 monthly average is endangered by 2-3 tropical storm.
Winding forest zone is that local resident lumbers and gets the ground of firewood in history always, and forest is cut down totally substantially, and vegetation degeneration is deserted mountain and secondary shrub.After nineteen ninety-five forest farm adapter, deserted mountain is transformed, the establishing in large scale forest plantation such as golden larch, black pine, masson pine, cryptomeria, China fir and Japanese cypress.Through more than 50 years comfort pipe, during pure most of forest plantation grows and is, nearly mature forest.Between nearly 10 years, such standing forest once suffered larger typhoon and freezing sleet disaster, and especially the destructiveness of freezing sleet disaster to cryptomeria, lanceolata forest of 2004-2008 is maximum, and a lot of large footpaths level cryptomeria there occurs lodging or fractures, and stand structure is badly damaged.
(3) be experimental field the cryptomeria woods that the sleet and snow ice of this forest zone 7 bottom class is injured, the slope aspect southeast, gradient 15-25, be positioned at winding top tuyere position, windward side physical features is open, stops without massif, annual typhoon and cold damage attack interim, are generally first affected.The stand structure of this cryptomeria woods is the nearly mature forest of 8 cryptomeria 2 golden larchs, and by the impact of typhoon and cold damage, this standing forest is subject to heavy damage, especially maximum to the destruction of cryptomeria.According to investigations, the cryptomeria generation waist of 66% folding, trunk snap or lodging, the individuality broken end of 20% and roll over skill in a large number, only remains 15% more intact individuality (150 strain hm
-2).After calamity, for making this disaster-stricken slash obtain ecological recovery, matching species with the site field planting by mountain region on the spot, is divided into domatic, slope paddy and 3, mountain top site type by terrain.
In the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Yin state, Ningbo City, northern Lun coastal uplant selection maturation, each kind chooses typical case, healthy plant 3-8 strain, every strain chooses eugonic healthy branch successively from tree crown peripheral direction, cut with averruncator, select intact blade to load in valve bag, take back experiment indoor measurement blade function proterties.Meanwhile, to sampling individuality above, intercepting the trunk of certain basal area, carrying out stem density measurement.After room taken back by sample, blade is divided into 2 parts, in 12h, uses deionized water rinsing blade, and be cut into the close square of size.In order to simulate local low temperature, cold Stress treatment is carried out under every part of 2g sample (3 parts of average samples) being placed in respectively 0 DEG C and-5 DEG C of conditions, add 20ml deionized water after 1h, then put shaking table concussion 2h (80 times/min), record electrical conductivity (R with conductivity meter
1); Electrical conductivity R
2be sample after the water bath with thermostatic control of 20min, be cooled to room temperature and record, relative conductivity=(R
1/ R
2) * 100 (%).Use L1-3050C type leaf area instrument to another part measuring blade leaf area, then, blade is placed in the baking oven 48h of 80 DEG C, dry and measure dry mass to constant weight, meter marks dry matter content (%), finally, utilizes the leaf area reflection specific leaf area (mm of unit dry mass
2mg
-1). branch density and stem density utilize drainage to measure, every part of sample determination 3 times.After cubing, test sample is placed in baking oven and dries 72h, after constant, measure dry mass, the density (gml of the meter each branch of mark and trunk
-1), draw the data that forest functional trait measures.
(4) the virgin region evergreen plant in built vertical sky anti-freezing rain and snow disaster functional trait database is adopted, to select bole density, blade SL A, specific leaf area, dry matter content, skill density and bole density as resistance to mechanical side of body proterties for evaluation index; Proterties is frozen for evaluation index as anti-ice using blade electrical conductivity and bark thickness showed.Level is utilized to divide folding method to calculate the relative ability value (IE value) of each species opposing sleet and snow ice poor environment.Then, sort to the IE value of all species, and according to the frequency that IE value occurs, discharge IE value frequency and add and be worth >=the species of 80%, Preliminary screening goes out Cyclobalanopsis gracilis, Schima superba, Hong Nan, spire Qinggang, grey Ke and Ilex micrococca as building species.
(5) according in (4) about the functional trait feature of aiphyllium plant to the response of sleet and snow ice environment, the response of dynamic growth and development of plants contrario environment, in conjunction with Tiantong region typical case's evergreen broad-leaved forest chief species composition and architectural feature, again utilize analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to filter out excellent anti-sleet and snow ice magaphanerophytes on different condition area, domatic is Cyclobalanopsis gracilis, Schima superba, Hong Nan, spire Qinggang and Ilex micrococca; Slope paddy is red nanmu, Cyclobalanopsis gracilis, spire Qinggang, Schima superba and Hui Ke; Mountain top is Schima superba, red skin Qinggang, Cyclobalanopsis gracilis and grey Ke Shengchang Preference species.Wherein Ilex micrococca is its strong adaptabilities of deciduous broadleaved forest seeds, well developed root system, and breeding easily, growth is fast, and solid morning, vertical distribution is in the evergreen wealthy fallen leaves seed of forest of below hypo 600m, can become low mountain windproof cold-proof ground pioneer tree species plantation, be suitable for face, hillside, ground on the spot on afforestation.
(6) in March, 2006, remove large-area wind-fall, fracture wood and the weak undersized log of growing way, cleaning is assorted fills with, the zonality broad-leaved advantage such as red nanmu, Qinggang, sassafrases of reserve part natural renovation is grown directly from seeds treelet, seedling, afterwards, according to anti-sleet and snow ice fine tree species and the land occupation condition of screening, in domatic site type, plant Cyclobalanopsis gracilis, Schima superba, Hong Nan, spire Qinggang and Ilex micrococca nursery stock, initial density in planting per hectare 7800 strain according to the ratio of 6.5:1:1:0.5:1; Red nanmu, Cyclobalanopsis gracilis, spire Qinggang, Schima superba and Hui Ke is planted in valley floor, slope section, initial density in planting per hectare 8000 strain in the ratio of 4:2.5:1:1.5:1; Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis gracilis, Qinggang, spire Qinggang, Hui Ke is planted at position, mountain top in the ratio of 4:2:1.5:1.5:1.
(7) a nursery stock source part is the healthy and strong treelet of health, the seedling of retention in forest land; Another part selects the Evergreen Broad-leaved Tree Species 2a life real band mud ball strong sprout of local Caiyu.During plantation, build according to mixed friendship of irregular strip.Cave cultivate scale for long × wide × be deeply about 0.5m × 0.5m × 0.35m; Table bottom, earthen backfill cave.
(8), after afforestation, the June of continuous 3 years and September are distinguished weeding, expand cave each 1 time; Weeding in June, the 4th 1 time.Standing forest closing gradually after 5 years, enter standing forest and build group vegetative stage.
(9) afforest 7 years, carry out 1 time in December to January to standing forest to foster, the forest of intermediate cutting advantage objective function tree interference wood around, growth potential difference and the species that devalue, remove assorted filling, the intensity of intermediate cutting≤10%, and in conjunction with pruning, every strain forest only retains the leading shoot of 1 apical dominance, removing germinating branch, guarantees trunk robust growth, makes standing forest towards cladding, mixed friendship and stable structure development.
(10) after intermediate cutting, Board Lot >=95% of function order seeds in standing forest, respectively on the spot the arbor of community functional objective tree is domatic with the strain number ratio of filling with layer is 1:5.3; Slope paddy is 1:2.9; Mountain top is 1:5.4, cultivates the seedlings or saplings of natural regeneration, forms update step, make the structure of tree stratum, shrub layer and update step progressively complete, demonstrate group's construction effect that objective function seeds are important.
(11) according to the content of 4-9, the anti-sleet and snow ice woods configuration of virgin winding low mountain, final formation sky evergreen broad-leaved and forest culture and management scheme, result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 winding different site evergreen broad-leaved forest shelter forest is planted and joins and tending technique scheme
Claims (10)
1. a method for anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation, is characterized in that, carry out according to following steps:
(1) according to typicalness, fragility that low mountain forest ecosystem has, seeds or common tree is mainly formed for afforestation object with coastal uplant zonality evergreen broad-leaved forest, set up different plant species resistance to mechanical to coerce and the database of anti-sleet and snow ice, on this basis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to calculate the relative ability value (IE value) of different plant species opposing sleet and snow ice poor environment;
(2) according to the relative ability value (IE value) of the different plant species opposing sleet and snow ice poor environment obtained in step (1), Preliminary screening goes out the seeds of anti-sleet and snow ice, simultaneously in conjunction with the landform growth preference characteristics of different plant species, primary dcreening operation species are classified further, again utilize analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the best adapting to anti-sleet and snow ice under filtering out different condition area further fits biological species;
(3) according to the suitable biological species for filtering out under different condition area in step (2), for different site distributes the suitable biological species of suitable raw anti-sleet and snow ice rationally;
(4) Specific disposition, initial density in planting and implantation methods is considered, overall afforestation or the stand improvement scheme forming complete mountain region;
(5) to the construction shaping anti-sleet and snow ice woods later stage take weeding to loosen the soil to foster, the Tending measures such as intermediate cutting and later stage objective function seeds cultivation.
2. the method for a kind of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the functional trait that described in step (1), species resistance to mechanical is coerced comprises plant dried material density, blade SL A, specific leaf area, dry matter content, branch density proterties; The evaluation index of the anti-sleet and snow ice of described species comprises plant leaf blade electrical conductivity and bark thickness showed.
3. the method for a kind of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the anti-sleet and snow ice seeds IE frequency that Preliminary screening described in step (2) goes out adds and is worth >=and 80%.
4. the method for a kind of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the best adapting to anti-sleet and snow ice under filtering out different condition area described in step (2) fits biological species, and its IE frequency adds and is worth >=and 80%.
5. the method for a kind of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the landform growth Preference of species described in step (2), landform comprises mountain top, domatic and position, slope paddy three slopes.
6. the method for a kind of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Object seeds of afforesting described in step (4) generally select 1-3 healthy growth, growing way vigorous, without the indigenous tree species of damage by disease and insect.
7. the method for a kind of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the afforestation nursery stock of object of afforesting described in step (4) is grow directly from seeds strong sprout (I, II level seedling), seedling height >=0.5cm, terminal bud is full, Miao Gan is sturdy, leading thread >=1cm, is with little mud ball during afforestation, mud ball length × wide × high standard is 12 × 12 × 20(cm), take lifting on the same day, the same day afforests, and guarantees that seedling survives.
8. the method for a kind of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step (4) afforestation or stand improvement scheme in different site community afforestation initial density in planting be respectively domatic 7800 strains/hm
2; Slope paddy 8000 strains/hm
2; Mountain top 8000 strains/hm
2, Afforestation Time is that mid-March is to early April.
9. the method for a kind of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, Tending measures described in step (5) carries out weeding to young growth, loosens the soil and expands cave fostering after referring to afforestation for continuous 4 years, promotes young growth closing of crop.
10. the method for a kind of anti-sleet and snow ice evergreen broad-leaved forest afforestation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the operation time of the intermediate cutting in stand tending final-period management described in step (5) is that late November is to by the end of December, its intensity≤10%, cut down rear forest tree remainder still to place in woods, naturally rotten, keep the suitable growth of functional objective tree, make forest plants composition and land occupation condition towards healthy, stable succession future development.
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| CN105766547A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-07-20 | 梁友盛 | Plug seedling foresting method for broad-leaf tree species |
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| CN106376414A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 佛山市林业科学研究所 | Constructing method for urban ecological protection forest |
| CN109076864A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-25 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A method of broad-leaf forest being transformed for invasion moso bamboo |
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