CN101248730A - Cultivation method for completing two up-growth periodic of sichuan fritillary bulb in one year - Google Patents
Cultivation method for completing two up-growth periodic of sichuan fritillary bulb in one year Download PDFInfo
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- CN101248730A CN101248730A CNA2008101032983A CN200810103298A CN101248730A CN 101248730 A CN101248730 A CN 101248730A CN A2008101032983 A CNA2008101032983 A CN A2008101032983A CN 200810103298 A CN200810103298 A CN 200810103298A CN 101248730 A CN101248730 A CN 101248730A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for Unibract fritillary Bulb to complete two growth cycles in a year, which comprises sexual propagation cultivation technique and asexual propagation cultivation technique of the Unibract fritillary Bulb. The sowing can be carried out in autumn or in spring and the conditions such as temperature, humidity and illumination are controlled for the Unibract fritillary Bulb to complete two growth cycles in a year. The cultivation method can greatly improve the growth speed of the artificially cultivated Unibract fritillary Bulb, shorten the planting cycle and obviously improve the economic benefits of commercial cultivation of the Unibract fritillary Bulb, which is practical technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.
Background technology
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is the rare traditional Chinese medicine that moistens the lung and relieve the cough, and applicating history is long, and curative effect is distinguished, has won fame both at home and abroad.Because Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae not only has good relieving cough and reducing sputum effect, and can support lung yin, a surname's lung, moistening lung and clearing lung-heat heat, be the good medicine for the treatment of the chronic cough asthma due to excessive phlegm simply, therefore, in the Chinese medicinal formulae of illnesss such as many treatment acute tracheitis, bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis or Chinese patent medicine preparation, tendril-leaved fritillary bulb is arranged all, as Succus Fel Serpentis et Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, fritillary and loquat cough mixture etc., can strengthen the effect of treatment disease like this.It is dry bulb that Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae derives from liliaceous plant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don, dark violet bulb of fritillary Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiaoet K.C.Hsia, Gansu bulb of fritillary Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. or its medicinal part of Bulbus Fritillariae cirrhosae Fritillaria delavayi Franch..Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae grows in the mixed coniferous broad leaved forest, softwood forest, alpine scrub in temperate zone high mountain, area, plateau.Soil is mountain region brown earth, dark brown earth and alpine meadow soil etc.
High and cold area, the more moistening endroit of soil.Be distributed in the western Sichuan and the west and south, northwestern Yunnan Province, southern Tibet and east.Main product in the kangding, Yajiang, Kowloon, Danba, Daocheng, flourish, Xiangcheng County, Xiao Jin, Jinchuan; Mangkang, Tibet, Gongjue, river are big, Chaya, left side gram, Chayu; Deqie, Yunnan, Gong Shan, Zhong Dian, peaceful gelsemium, Lijing, Wei Xi, Fugong, Bi Jiang.On the grassland of wild, the loosing soil abundant of dark violet bulb of fritillary Fritillariaunibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia in 3200～4500 meters of height above sea level, sunny, humus.Be distributed in western Sichuan, Qinghai Southern and SOUTH OF GANSU.Main product is in Sichuan Hongyuan, Ruoergai, Songpan, Nanping, Mao Wen, Heisui River, Li County, Pingwu, Maerkang etc.; The Qinghai Banma, control for a long time, secrete Dagri, Gan Da, agate, Maduo, colleague, with moral etc.Gansu bulb of fritillary Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim is wild between the shrubbery or meadow in 2800～4400 meters high and cold mountain regions of height above sea level.Be distributed in western Sichuan, East of Qinghai Province and south, SOUTH OF GANSU.Main product in the kangding, Yajiang, Kowloon, Danba, Rangtang, Xiao Jin, Jinchuan, Maerkang, Wenchuan, Mao County, Li County, Heisui River, Nanping; Gansu south of Gansu Province, Minxian County, Yang County, Gangu, Wen County, Wudu; The Qinghai Banma, control for a long time, secrete Dagri, Gande, agate, with moral etc.Bulbus Fritillariae cirrhosae Fritillaria delavayi Franch is wild in the rock crevice on 4400～4600 meters severe cold areas flowstones of height above sea level beach.Be distributed in western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan Province, Qinghai Southern, the southeast, Tibet.Main product in Sichuan Shiqu, Dege, Ganzi, look reach, white jade, Xinlong, Aba etc.; Mangkang, Tibet, Gongjue, Jiangda County, Zuogong, Chaya etc.; The Qinghai cajaput, claim many, many, Zhiduo County of mixing etc.; Deqie, Yunnan, Gong Shan, assistant spiker, Bi Jiang, Lijing etc.
Biological property: the weather conditions that Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae happiness cools, have cold-resistant, happiness is wet, be afraid of high temperature, characteristic that happiness covers, temperature reaches 30 ℃ or ground temperature and surpasses 25 ℃, plant will wither; Can not survive in the area that height above sea level is low, temperature is high.Fritillaria cirrhosa seeds has the after ripening characteristic, keeps certain humidity and temperature at 5～25 ℃, and the embryo continues differentiation.1 year of insemination and emergence, plant is very thin, and only 1 needle claims by " pin "; Tool list leaf was 1 in the 2nd year, and the shape size is commonly called as " chicken tongue " as the chicken tongue; Two of the 3rd year general tools are commonly called as " scissors folder " or " ribbon leaf " than Da Ye; Put forth in the 4th year and do not bloom, be commonly called as " tree son "; Put forth in the 5th year and bloom, the florescence claims flower to be Chinese enkianthus, and the fruit phase claims that fruit is Eight Diagrams hammers; Promptly begin the bulb of growing in the seedling phase, only the grain of rice is big, increases with plant development every year later on.About 90～120 days of vegetative period in year of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae plant.
At present the cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is: the plantation Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae should select the leeward Yinshan Mountains or half Yinshan Mountains to be advisable, and away from wheat crops, prevents that rust from infecting, and is deep with soil layer, quality is loosened, be rich in the loam of humus or oily sandy soil for well.Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae will carry out the cultivation and the processing of seed based on seminal propagation before the sowing.The preceding sowing of generally snowing 9～October.After planting, before emerging spring, throw off furrow face covering, divide the furrow scaffolding to shade.With seminal propagation, sow 3 or 4 years and can gather in the crops.Bulb breeding, sow to fall the 2nd year 6～July and gather in the crops behind the seedling.The bibliographical information of at present relevant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae cultivation is less, as " culture technique of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae " Liu Xianqi, and mountain area-1992 years 6 phases of exploitation; " Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae reduces height above sea level cultivation research " Ma Xiao rectifies CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA-1996 year 1 phase; In above-mentioned document, cultivating seeds and after-ripening are handled to adopt and are stored sth. in a cellar method.Adopt cultivation method artificial planting sexual propagation seed germination rate lower (being about 60%), ripening time long (only being applicable to spring sowing), the sprout time of existing Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae to differ greatly, can only finish in 1 year a growth cycle, cultivation efficient and economic benefit are lower.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, technical scheme of the present invention has provided a kind of cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.
The invention provides Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae and in 1 year, finish the cultivation method of two growth cycles, comprise that fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is gathered, after-ripening is handled, sow and management that wherein, way to manage adopts the greenhouse cultivation that can regulate temperature, humidity and illumination, wherein, the temperature of described booth is: 0～35 ℃; Soil moisture is 10%～50%; Air humidity is 30%～95%; Intensity of illumination is 0～130,000 Lux.
Further, the temperature of described booth is: 5～12 ℃; Intensity of illumination: 10,000～30,000 Lux; Soil moisture: 20%～30%; Air humidity: 60%～70%.
The selection of each parameter index of booth determined Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae of the present invention to finish the key factor of two growth cycles in 1 year.And optimal parameter is the natural conditions (being the changing naturally with season and time of temperature, humidity, illumination) that simulation is fit to the season of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae growth.
The Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae growth time is generally by the end of March emerges, Hui Miao by the end of July, and a vegetative period is in 120 days.Owing to the restriction of natural conditions, enter very long resting stage behind the Hui Miao.This method is by being fit to the condition of its growth in its resting stage simulation, break its dormancy, make it in September～second year one season of regrowth in January, after entering resting stage, it is placed natural conditions again, March～July is one season of regrowth in natural conditions, thereby realizes finishing in 1 year two growth cycles.
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae of the present invention was finished the cultivation method of two growth cycles in 1 year, the sexual multiplication cultivation technology and the vegetative propagation culture technique that comprise Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, can take autumn sowing and spring sowing sowing season, and by the control realization Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae of conditions such as temperature, humidity and illumination was finished the culture technique of two growth cycles in 1 year.The present invention can improve growth rate, the shortening crop cycle of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae artificial planting greatly, thereby obviously improves the economic benefit of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae commodity cultivation, is the technology with practicality.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae cultivation method of the present invention
1. the results of seed and after-ripening are handled:
(1) results of seed: the collecting time of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae capsule is very big to the emergence rate influence of fritillaria cirrhosa seeds, the too early seed prematurity still of gathering; It is slow to gather, and plants fruit and may ftracture, and causes seed shattering, thereby also may make seed because dry lack of water influences the sprouting activity of seed.The Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae capsule promptly begins maturation in early July, and capsule is that the best is gathered period when showing the loquat yellow.Because Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae capsule mature period is generally inconsistent, be optimal harvest time sometime so can not fix, can only judge according to the color and luster of capsule.The method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae capsule of gathering is ripely a collection ofly promptly to gather a collection ofly, facts have proved that effective seed rate and the emergence rate effect to improving the bulb of fritillary is remarkable.The method of capsule of gathering is to cut off carpopodium with scissors, capsule is placed in the woven bag that does not leak seed, unified transporting back weighed, and record is kind of fruit gross weight well, randomly draws 10～12 samples in all planting really, 1 kilogram of each sample kind fruit, count out kind of a fruit number (individual/kilogram) respectively, obtain mean value, count out total seed amount at last, contain 100 seeds by each capsule, i.e. seed total amount (grain)=average fruit number (individual/kilogram) * kind of fruit gross weight (kilogram) * 100 of planting.In time transport to the threshing of threshing place.
(2) after-ripening of seed is handled:
The seed afterripening facture can be selected conventional after-ripening processing method, also can select application number to be: 200710303973.2 described after-ripening processing methods, and concrete processing method is:
Fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is the proembryo shape seed with after-ripening characteristic, even capsule is fully ripe, seed there is no complete embryonic knob structure.Seed must be under certain temperature and humidity conditions, and through processing after a while, embryo just germinates.Handle through 10～50 days after-ripening, embryo length can reach 2/3rds of seed length, and this kind seed is effective seed (seed is if handle without after-ripening, and emergence rate is very low).The after-ripening of fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is handled, and general the use stored sth. in a cellar method.This method has been invented a kind of method of seed being carried out the after-ripening processing with low temperature flowing water (the natural stream of high altitude mountainous area), and the temperature that described after-ripening is handled is: 0～12 ℃; Time: 10～50 days; Water velocity is: greater than 0.1 meter per second.The temperature that after-ripening is further preferably handled is: 0～5 ℃.
Wherein parameter is selected foundation:
A, water temperature.Through evidence, water temperature is beneficial to seed afterripening most in the time of 0～5 ℃.Water temperature is lower than 0 ℃ and will freezes; Facts have proved, be higher than 5 ℃ of time lengthening that after-ripening will be handled; Being higher than 12 ℃ will make seed be difficult to after-ripening and rotten gradually.
B, time: water temperature is low more, and required time is short more.According to the variation of actual water temperature (between 0～5 ℃), the time of immersion changed between 10～30 days.
C, water velocity: should be greater than 0.1 meter per second.Be lower than this flow velocity, the effect difference of flowing water immersion effect and static immersion is not obvious, and seed is perishable.
The fritillaria cirrhosa seeds that utilizes this method to handle, germination rate reaches more than 90%.
Characteristics such as that this law has is easy and simple to handle, emergence rate height.Method is seed to be packed into do not leak in seed bag weaved, tightens sack, and seed packet is immersed in the water fully.Fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is handled through 30～80 days after-ripening, and the full degree of seed obviously increases, and the plumule of central bright yellow is high-visible, and the after-ripening of fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is at this moment handled promptly to accuse and finished.
This method is except obviously improving the bud ratio of seed, and main advantage is to compare with the seed that stores sth. in a cellar the method preparation, and the seed afterripening time is fast, can satisfy requirement of seeding then; And the seed afterripening degree is comparatively neat, and the sprout time unanimity is beneficial to seedling management.
2. sowing and management:
(1) choosing ground, whole ground: the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae certain height above sea level of requirement of well growing, height above sea level cross that low cultivation is difficult for surviving and damage by disease and insect is many; Height above sea level is too high, and Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae shortening in vegetative period is unfavorable for the accumulation of active ingredient and can increases the cultivation management cost, so the height above sea level in general selection cultivation base is about 3000m.If but sub-district benign climate (better as vegetation, concealment and ventilation condition) also can be cultivated in the place about height above sea level 2700m.The suitable loam of soil and unsuitable sandy soil, because of loam help water conservation, protect fertile.Choose behind the sowing soil and begin to turn over the ground of cutting the earth, remove stone, tree root, weeds and worm's ovum in the ground; Strike the fine earth piece, make soil beading shape.Turn over and to put in order furrow after digging, should select downwind to do furrow, adopt the wide 0.5～1.5m of furrow, the high 5～25cm of furrow, the long 5～20m of furrow, operations such as the whole furrow method of pavement 20～60cm is more easily sowed, artificial weeding and fertilising through test for many years.
(2) sowing: generally be advisable sowing in time before frozen soil with autumn sowing; If spring sowing will be thawed afterwards at soil, seed is not sprouted preceding sowing in time.The inventive method mainly adopts the planted in fall method.Before the sowing, apply base fertilizer earlier in furrow, base fertilizer is for to be advisable with farmyard manure (barnyard manure).By 20～100 kilograms/meter
2The base fertilizer consumption apply composite fertilizer, with base fertilizer and furrow face table soil mixing, the smooth furrow face of trying one's best again.The furrow face can not just differ, because if the thickness that furrow face height makes lid plant for a moment is irregular, thereby influences emergence rate.During sowing, the general use broadcasted sowing method, because broadcast sowing seed evenly disperseed, and makes full use of the furrow space of planes.The seed that after-ripening is handled well takes out, and admixes the humus soil of crossing 5～30 mesh sieves in right amount, mixes the seed ash, the seed number of unit of account weight.That is: every kilogram of seed ash contains seed number (grain/kilogram)=seed sum ÷ seed ash gross weight.By 500～3000/meter
2Grain weight on the furrow face, evenly be sprinkled into the seed ash, on the furrow face, evenly be sieved into the humus soil of 5～30 mesh sieves again, cladding thickness is 0.5～3cm.
Sowing and management are all operated in booth, by regulating the conditions such as temperature, humidity and illumination of booth, make Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (seed) at autumn, winter germination and growth, realize that Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae finished two growth cycles in 1 year.The temperature of described booth is: 0～35 ℃; Soil moisture is 10%～50%; Air humidity is 30%～95%; Intensity of illumination is 0～130,000 Lux.
Further preferably, the temperature of described booth is: 5～12 ℃; Intensity of illumination: 10,000～30,000 Lux; Soil moisture: 20%～30%; Air humidity: 60%～70%.
Below further specify the foundation that the booth condition is selected by test:
The selection of booth condition is influential to sexual propagation and vegetative propagation, and booth condition optimization test condition sees Table 1.
Table 1 booth condition option table
| Temperature (℃) | Intensity of illumination (Lux) | Soil moisture | Air humidity | |
| Condition 1 | 0～5 | 00,000～10,000 | 10％～20％ | 30％～45％ |
| Condition 2 | 5～12 | 10,000～30,000 | 20％～30％ | 60％～70％ |
| Condition 3 | 12～20 | 40,000～80,000 | 30％～40％ | 45％～60％ |
| Condition 4 | 20～35 | 80,000～130,000 | 40％～50％ | 70％～95％ |
Table 2 booth condition optimization test table
| Condition 1 | Condition 2 | Condition 3 | Condition 4 | |
| Rate of body weight gain | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Survival rate of seedlings | 65 | 83 | 72 | 61 |
Intensity of illumination refers to the intensity of illumination of daytime control, and no longer artificially control its intensity of illumination night, lets nature take its course intensity of illumination.
Rate of body weight gain refers to the rate of body weight gain that the vegetative propagation plantation recorded behind the Hui Miao in a year, rate of body weight gain=(results weigh-are sowed heavily)/sow heavily.
Survival rate of seedlings refers to finish the survival rate of seedlings of the preceding measuring and calculating of season growth Hui Miao gained, the survival rate of seedlings=number of count/emerging of keeping a full stand of seedings.
By this result of the test as can be known, condition 2 is best optimum condition.
The seed of gathering then is treated finish its form after-ripening and physiology after-ripening after, sowing (autumn sowing) by regulating the conditions such as temperature, humidity and illumination of booth, impels its sprouting, growth in booth; Treat that it finishes a growth cycle, behind the Hui Miao, make it natural conditions dormancy one month; To nature germination and growth in season in spring, in 1 year, finish two growth cycles again.After comprising also that the seed of gathering is treated and finishing its physiology after-ripening, sowing (autumn sowing or spring sowing), grow a season spring and summer under field conditions (factors) after, move in the booth, by regulating the conditions such as temperature, humidity and illumination of booth, impel it to sprout, grow a season in autumn and winter; Behind the Hui Miao, make it, to nature germination and growth in season in spring, within a year and a half, finish three growth cycles again natural conditions dormancy one month.
Behind the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae plant Hui Miao in autumn, turn over and dig then, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb sowing (autumn sowing) in booth, by regulating the conditions such as temperature, humidity and illumination of booth, is impelled its sprouting, growth; Treat that it finishes season growth, behind the Hui Miao, make it natural conditions dormancy one month; To nature germination and growth in season in spring, in 1 year, finish two growth cycles again.
The present invention can cultivate in the high altitude localities, also can cultivate in the low altitude area, and the relation of booth condition and height above sea level (air pressure) is little.Can simulate its growth conditions at low height above sea level, allow its one season of regrowth; Just also can consider to allow its one season of regrowth when its growth conditions of simulation.After low height above sea level was grown a season, one season of regrowth under high height above sea level condition was to guarantee its quality.
Claims (2)
1. Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae was finished the cultivation method of two growth cycles in 1 year, comprise that fritillaria cirrhosa seeds is gathered, after-ripening is handled, sow and management, it is characterized in that: way to manage adopts the greenhouse cultivation that can regulate temperature, humidity and illumination, and wherein, the temperature of described booth is: 0～35 ℃; Soil moisture is 10%～50%; Air humidity is 30%～95%; Intensity of illumination is 0～130,000 Lux.
2. Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae according to claim 1 was finished the cultivation method of two growth cycles in 1 year, it is characterized in that: the temperature of described booth is: 5～12 ℃; Soil moisture: 20%～30%; Air humidity: 60%～70%; Intensity of illumination: 10,000～30,000 Lux.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102002474B (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-08-08 | 薛永新 | Rapid bulb multiplication method by using fritillaria cirrhosa leaves as explant |
| CN103314762A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-09-25 | 薛刚 | Cultivation method for Szechuan-fritillary bulbs |
| CN103340072A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2013-10-09 | 四川新荷花中药饮片股份有限公司 | Fritillaria cirrhosa cultivating method free of weeding |
| CN104012295A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 黎观祥 | Planting method of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae |
| CN112020933A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-04 | 昭通市农业科学院 | Method for layering fritillaria cirrhosa seeds |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100473273C (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2009-04-01 | 四川阿坝天贝生物有限责任公司 | Method for processing fall seeding seed of Sichuan fritillary bulb |
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2008
- 2008-04-02 CN CN2008101032983A patent/CN101248730B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102002474B (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-08-08 | 薛永新 | Rapid bulb multiplication method by using fritillaria cirrhosa leaves as explant |
| CN103340072A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2013-10-09 | 四川新荷花中药饮片股份有限公司 | Fritillaria cirrhosa cultivating method free of weeding |
| CN103340072B (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2015-05-20 | 四川新荷花中药饮片股份有限公司 | Fritillaria cirrhosa cultivating method free of weeding |
| CN103314762A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-09-25 | 薛刚 | Cultivation method for Szechuan-fritillary bulbs |
| CN103314762B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-02-25 | 薛刚 | Cultivation method for Szechuan-fritillary bulbs |
| CN104012295A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 黎观祥 | Planting method of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae |
| CN112020933A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-04 | 昭通市农业科学院 | Method for layering fritillaria cirrhosa seeds |
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