CN104817408A - Efficient biological bacterial fertilizer and preparation method - Google Patents
Efficient biological bacterial fertilizer and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104817408A CN104817408A CN201510197827.0A CN201510197827A CN104817408A CN 104817408 A CN104817408 A CN 104817408A CN 201510197827 A CN201510197827 A CN 201510197827A CN 104817408 A CN104817408 A CN 104817408A
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- shale
- fermentation
- bacterial classification
- microbial strains
- chitosan
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses efficient biological bacterial fertilizer and a preparation method. The efficient biological bacterial fertilizer comprises fermentation microbial strains, function microbial strains, enzymic preparations, shale, rice bran, chitosan, plant ash, bone meal, mushroom dregs, discarded tobacco leaves and livestock manure proportionally. The preparation method includes cultivating microbial strains into the fermentation microbial strains; mixing the fermentation microbial strains with the shale, the rice bran, the plant ash, the bone meal, the mushroom dregs, the discarded tobacco leaves and the livestock manure proportionally and adding water to the mixture to adjust the water content to 50%; adding the function microbial strains, the enzymic preparations and the chitosan after fermentation, and smashing, screening, inspecting, packaging and warehousing an obtained fermented material. The efficient biological bacterial fertilizer is rich in beneficial microorganisms and medium trace elements, soil organic matter content and soil micro-ecological environment are improved, continuous cropping diseases of plants are also improved, plant growth is promoted, crop yield is increased, pest and disease damage is reduced, crop quality is improved and cost is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological husbantry technical field, specifically a kind of high-performance bio bacterial manure and preparation method thereof, be mainly used in Organic farming and produce and improve soil physical chemistry, improve the soil organism, improve soil microorganisms content.This high-performance bio bacterial manure is the most essential, be characterised in that it is a kind of work, lived fertilizer the most significantly, is by one or several beneficial microorganisms, bio-bacterial manure through industrialization cultivation and fermentation.This fertilizer makes crop yield by the microbial life active action contained by it, but it is not limited only to improve the level of supply of plant nutrient, further comprises the secondary metabolites that they produce, if hormonal substance is to the hormesis of plant.Promote absorbing of Plant To Nutrient element, or the pathogenic effects of some pathogenic micro-organism can be resisted, alleviate disease and pest, thus improve crop yield and quality.
Background technology
Fertilizer is the indispensable production means of plant husbandry, particularly in a populous country like this of China, for solving food problem, by limited land resources, a large amount of chemical fertilizer of long-term use, has caused serious soil pollution: 1. heavy metal and toxic element increase year by year, directly be detrimental to health, produce the heavy metal polluted, 2. soil microorganisms content reduces, and soil organic matter content reduces.3. nutrient imbalance, nitrate is seriously accumulated, micro-famine.4. soil acidification aggravation, too greatly, long-term application chemical fertilizer accelerates soil acidification in PH change.The plant that long-time use chemical fertilizer causes lacks the disease of trace element, soil compaction situation is day by day severe, effectively improve edatope in this case, the new bio bacterial manure improving the materials such as the content of microorganisms in plantation soil, organic content and trace element becomes the effective way of ploughing and repairing.Some fertilizers occurred in recent years are the product of the simple fermenting process that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to the research of functional type as disease-resistant, anti-ly heavyly inserted, the effect such as degraded heavy metal cannot meet, and in fixed nitrogen, molten phosphorus, potassium decomposing effect, do not have tangible breakthrough, all rest on simple function.
At present, prior art is simple fermented bacterium and organic materials are carried out fermentative production fertilizer, does not have the function of fixed nitrogen, molten phosphorus, potassium decomposing, does not also have the effect that insect protected is disease-resistant, it is micro-and somatomedin is not enough, reduces the inapparent feature of heavy metal-polluted soil effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can the disease-resistant high-performance bio bacterial manure of fixed nitrogen, molten phosphorus, potassium decomposing, degraded heavy metal content in soil, insect protected and preparation method thereof, to solve the problem proposed in above-mentioned background technology.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of high-performance bio bacterial manure, is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: organism of fermentation bacterial classification 0.3-0.5%, functional microorganism bacterial classification 0.3-0.5%, zymin 0.1-0.2%, shale 5-15%, rice bran 10-30%, chitosan 1-2%, plant ash 10-20%, bone meal 10-20%, mushroom residue 10-40%, waste tobacco 10-40%, feces of livestock and poultry 10-40%.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described organism of fermentation bacterial classification is the mixture of subtilis, aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Pediococcus pentosaceus, pichia farinose.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described functional microorganism bacterial classification is the mixture of azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described zymin is the mixture of cellulase, proteolytic enzyme.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described shale is one in calcareous shale, irony shale, siliceous shale, siliceous shale, black shale or arbitrary combination.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described rice bran is the Litter that paddy will remove shell, seed coat and embryo in the process being processed into polished rice.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described chitosan be by chitin obtain through deacetylation, chemical name is Chitosan (1-4)-2-amino-B-D glucose.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described plant ash is the resistates after plant (draft and xylophyta) burning.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described bone meal raises the powder-like product that bone (animal such as bone pig, ox) makes for raw material.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described mushroom residue is the dead meal after plantation edible mushrooms.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described waste tobacco is discarded tobacco powder.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described feces of livestock and poultry is aquaculture (chicken, pig, ox etc.) livestock and poultry feces.
The preparation method of described high-performance bio bacterial manure, the steps include:
(1) cultivation of microbial strains: microbial strains is cultivated for organism of fermentation bacterial classification;
(2) prepare: functional microorganism bacterial classification, zymin, shale, rice bran, chitosan, plant ash, bone meal, mushroom residue, waste tobacco, feces of livestock and poultry;
(3) batch mixing: organism of fermentation bacterial classification and shale, rice bran, plant ash, bone meal, mushroom residue, waste tobacco, feces of livestock and poultry are added in proportion, and the adjustment that adds water makes its water content 50%; Fermentation materials is piled strip, height 0.8m;
(4) ferment: adopt aerobic fermentation, turning in every 24 hours once, within 48 hours, heap temperature arrives 47-52 DEG C, within 32 hours, reach 62-67 DEG C, continuous aerobic fermentation 14-16 days completes fermenting process, add the mixing additive be made up of functional microorganism bacterial classification, zymin and chitosan again, obtain the material fermented;
(5) pulverize: the material fermented pulverized by pulverizer;
(6) sieve: material enters sizing screen, and defective material returns pulverizer;
(7) quality inspection: sampling Detection;
(8) the qualified rear packaging warehouse-in of quality inspection.
The mechanism of action of each raw material in the present invention: chitosan is that natural plant nutrition urgees long agent, chitosan can give plant insecticide, disease-resistant, play the effect of fertilizer, plant and animal residues and micro-metals in soil can be decomposed again, thus be converted into the nutrient substance of plant, strengthen via plant immunity, promote the health of plant, chitosan has chelating adsorption to many materials, the amino in its molecule and with amino adjacent hydroxyl and many metal ions (as Hg
2+, Ni
2+, Cu
2+, Pb
2+, Ca
2+, Ag
+deng) can stable inner complex be formed.
Described organism of fermentation bacterial classification is the mixture of subtilis, aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Pediococcus pentosaceus, pichia farinose.Bacillus subtillis is the one of Bacillus.Single
cell0.7 ~ 0.8 × 2 ~ 3 microns, uniform coloring.Nothing
pod membrane, Zhousheng
flagellum, can move.
gram-positive microorganism, gemma 0.6 ~ 0.9 × 1.0 ~ 1.5 microns, oval to column, be positioned at
thallinecentral authorities or slightly inclined, after sporulation, thalline does not expand.
bacterium colonysurface irregularity is opaque, dirty white or micro-yellow,
liquid nutrient mediumduring middle growth, normal formation wrinkle mould.Aerophil.Available protein, multiple sugar and
starch, decompose
tryptophaneformed
indoles.Aspergillus niger has cracking larger molecular organics and indissoluble inorganics, is convenient to Crop and utilizes, improve Soil structure, strengthen soil fertility, improve the effect of crop yield.Starch Conversion is glucose by the diastatic enzyme of Rhizopus oryzae secretion.
Zymin is formed primarily of cellulase and proteolytic enzyme two kinds of zymins, and cellulase can decomposition of cellulose, xylogen have a considerable amount of xylogen to form soil ulmin in compost, and it is the storage vault of plant nutrition, is also the basis of soil fertility.Functional type microbial inoculum can play the effect of fixed nitrogen, molten phosphorus, potassium decomposing, and azotobacter chroococcum has stronger nitrogen fixing capacity, and can secrete growth hormone, promotes the growth of plant and the growth of fruit.Therefore, azotobacter chroococcum is made microbial inoculum, be administered in soil, the output of farm crop can be improved.Bacillus megaterium is the decomposer of organophosphorus, effect of organophosphorus in degraded soil, agriculturally can be used for manufacturing phosphorous bacterial fertilizer.Colloid bacillus cereus colloid bacillus cereus is also known as silicate bacteria, and secrete plant growth substance and multiple enzyme, can to strengthen the resistibility of crop to some diseases, can to promote the conversion of soil inavailable phosphorus potassium, increase the supply of soil phosphorus potassium, improve crop yield, the intensity of the molten phosphorus of its colloid bacillus cereus, potassium decomposing, solution silicon is superpower.Colloid bacillus cereus colloid bacillus cereus can produce carbonic anhydrase, has certain effect to the fixing tool of carbonic acid gas.Shale components is complicated, except clay mineral, also containing many detrital minerals and authigenic mineral.
On average 125.1KJ/g is approximately containing protein 15%, fatty 16%-22%, sugared 3%-8%, moisture 10%, heat in rice bran.Lipid acid main in fat is mostly oleic acid, linolic acid etc.
unsaturated fatty acids, and containing a large amount VITAMIN, pohytol,
food fibre, amino acid and mineral substance etc.Plant ash is the ashes after burning plants, so be the mineral element contained by all plants, nearly all contains in plant ash.Plant ash light weight and be
alkalescence, easily go with the wind time dry, easily walk with water time wet, with
nitrogenous fertilizercontact easily causes nitrogen volatilization loss.Coarse bone powder and steamed bone meal about calcic 23% and 30% respectively, phosphorus 10% and 14.5%.Mushroom residue composition contains the trace element such as crude protein, crude fat, Mierocrystalline cellulose and nitrogen, phosphorus potassium.Nicotine in waste tobacco has effect of expelling parasite.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts and adds bacterium technology for twice, first time adopts organism of fermentation bacterial classification to carry out high temperature to become thoroughly decomposed organic raw material, second time adds functional type microbial inoculum, improves the content of the functional type bacterial strain in bio-bacterial manure, thus improves bio-bacterial manure and have fixed nitrogen, molten phosphorus, potassium decomposing effect.
2, the alkaloid of tobacco leaf of the present invention and chitosan are added in bacterial manure the effect reaching disease and insect resistance simultaneously, solve current bio-feritlizer and only focus on improving soil, the present situation that enantiopathy insect pest effect is undesirable, and degraded soil harmful heavy metal.
3, the present invention is by the content of the trace element of interpolation shale, bone meal, plant ash raising bacterial manure.
4, use high-performance bio bacterial manure of the present invention can improve crop yield more than 10%, improve crop quality, improve fruit-setting rate high, promote the growth of plant.
Technical measure is mainly through chitosan, zymin and functional type microbial inoculum, shale adds simultaneously and reaches in bio-bacterial manure, bacterial manure is made to have the function of fixed nitrogen, molten phosphorus, potassium decomposing, degraded heavy metal content in soil, insect protected is disease-resistant, improve the humify speed of soil organic matter, and be supplied to the abundant trace element of plant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of high-performance bio bacterial manure, is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: organism of fermentation bacterial classification 0.3%, functional microorganism bacterial classification 0.3%, zymin 0.1%, shale 5.3%, rice bran 23%, chitosan 1%, plant ash 10%, bone meal 10%, mushroom residue 10%, waste tobacco 10%, feces of livestock and poultry 30%.Described organism of fermentation bacterial classification is the mixture of subtilis, aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Pediococcus pentosaceus, pichia farinose.Described functional microorganism bacterial classification is the mixture of azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus.Described zymin is the mixture of cellulase, proteolytic enzyme.Described shale is one in calcareous shale, irony shale, siliceous shale, siliceous shale, black shale or arbitrary combination.
The preparation method of described high-performance bio bacterial manure, the steps include:
(1) cultivation of microbial strains: microbial strains is cultivated for organism of fermentation bacterial classification;
(2) prepare: functional microorganism bacterial classification, zymin, shale, rice bran, chitosan, plant ash, bone meal, mushroom residue, waste tobacco, feces of livestock and poultry;
(3) batch mixing: organism of fermentation bacterial classification and shale, rice bran, plant ash, bone meal, mushroom residue, waste tobacco, feces of livestock and poultry are added in proportion, and the adjustment that adds water makes its water content 50%; Fermentation materials is piled strip, height 0.8m;
(4) ferment: adopt aerobic fermentation, turning in every 24 hours once, within 48 hours, heap temperature arrives 47-52 DEG C, within 32 hours, reach 62-67 DEG C, continuous aerobic fermentation 14-16 days completes fermenting process, add the mixing additive be made up of functional microorganism bacterial classification, zymin and chitosan again, obtain the material fermented;
(5) pulverize: the material fermented pulverized by pulverizer;
(6) sieve: material enters sizing screen, and defective material returns pulverizer;
(7) quality inspection: sampling Detection;
(8) the qualified rear packaging warehouse-in of quality inspection.
Embodiment 2
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of high-performance bio bacterial manure, is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: organism of fermentation bacterial classification 0.5%, functional microorganism bacterial classification 0.5%, zymin 0.2%, shale 14.8%, rice bran 12%, chitosan 2%, plant ash 20%, bone meal 20%, mushroom residue 10%, waste tobacco 10%, feces of livestock and poultry 10%.Preparation process as described in Example 1.
Embodiment 3
In the embodiment of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of high-performance bio bacterial manure, is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: organism of fermentation bacterial classification 0.3%, functional microorganism bacterial classification 0.3%, zymin 0.1%, shale 5.3%, rice bran 10%, chitosan 1%, plant ash 10%, bone meal 10%, mushroom residue 13%, waste tobacco 40%, feces of livestock and poultry 10%.Preparation process as described in Example 1.
Embodiment 4
In the embodiment of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of high-performance bio bacterial manure, is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: organism of fermentation bacterial classification 0.3%, functional microorganism bacterial classification 0.3%, zymin 0.1%, shale 5.3%, rice bran 10%, chitosan 1%, plant ash 10%, bone meal 10%, mushroom residue 40%, waste tobacco 13%, feces of livestock and poultry 10%.Preparation process as described in Example 1.
Embodiment 5
In the embodiment of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of high-performance bio bacterial manure, is made up of the raw material of following mass percent: organism of fermentation bacterial classification 0.3%, functional microorganism bacterial classification 0.3%, zymin 0.1%, shale 5.3%, rice bran 10%, chitosan 1%, plant ash 10%, bone meal 10%, bone meal 10-20%, mushroom residue 23%, waste tobacco 20%, feces of livestock and poultry 20%.Preparation process as described in Example 1.
Embodiment 6
Test: the field test done in Jiangxia, Wuhan, Xinzhou, Ezhou by 2011, with common bio-bacterial manure in contrast, other farming method is identical, and rice yield the results are shown in Table shown in 1.
Table 1
To those skilled in the art, obviously the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, and when not deviating from spirit of the present invention or essential characteristic, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter from which point, all should embodiment be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, scope of the present invention is limited by claims instead of above-mentioned explanation, and all changes be therefore intended in the implication of the equivalency by dropping on claim and scope are included in the present invention.
In addition, be to be understood that, although this specification sheets is described according to embodiment, but not each embodiment only comprises an independently technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification sheets is only for clarity sake, those skilled in the art should by specification sheets integrally, and the technical scheme in each embodiment also through appropriately combined, can form other embodiments that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.
Claims (6)
1. a high-performance bio bacterial manure, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following mass percent: organism of fermentation bacterial classification 0.3-0.5%, functional microorganism bacterial classification 0.3-0.5%, zymin 0.1-0.2%, shale 5-15%, rice bran 10-30%, chitosan 1-2%, plant ash 10-20%, bone meal 10-20%, mushroom residue 10-40%, waste tobacco 10-40%, feces of livestock and poultry 10-40%.
2. high-performance bio bacterial manure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described organism of fermentation bacterial classification is the mixture of subtilis, aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Pediococcus pentosaceus, pichia farinose.
3. high-performance bio bacterial manure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described functional microorganism bacterial classification is the mixture of azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus.
4. high-performance bio bacterial manure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described zymin is the mixture of cellulase, proteolytic enzyme.
5. high-performance bio bacterial manure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described shale is one in calcareous shale, irony shale, siliceous shale, siliceous shale, black shale or arbitrary combination.
6. a preparation method for the high-performance bio bacterial manure as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-5, is characterized in that, the steps include:
(1) cultivation of microbial strains: microbial strains is cultivated for organism of fermentation bacterial classification;
(2) prepare: functional microorganism bacterial classification, zymin, shale, rice bran, chitosan, plant ash, bone meal, mushroom residue, waste tobacco, feces of livestock and poultry;
(3) batch mixing: organism of fermentation bacterial classification and shale, rice bran, plant ash, bone meal, mushroom residue, waste tobacco, feces of livestock and poultry are added in proportion, and the adjustment that adds water makes its water content 50%; Fermentation materials is piled strip, height 0.8m;
(4) ferment: adopt aerobic fermentation, turning in every 24 hours once, within 48 hours, heap temperature arrives 47-52 DEG C, within 32 hours, reach 62-67 DEG C, continuous aerobic fermentation 14-16 days completes fermenting process, add the mixing additive be made up of functional microorganism bacterial classification, zymin and chitosan again, obtain the material fermented;
(5) pulverize: the material fermented pulverized by pulverizer;
(6) sieve: material enters sizing screen, and defective material returns pulverizer;
(7) quality inspection: sampling Detection;
(8) the qualified rear packaging warehouse-in of quality inspection.
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