CN104782287A - Full-planting and full-inserting mechanical rice seedling transplanting method for hilly and mountainous rice fields - Google Patents
Full-planting and full-inserting mechanical rice seedling transplanting method for hilly and mountainous rice fields Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A full-planting and full-inserting mechanical rice seedling transplanting method for hilly and mountainous rice fields comprises the following steps: model selection and configuration on rice seedling transplanting machines, preparation before rice seedling transplanting, and transplanting of rice seedlings. According to the sizes and the shapes of the hilly and mountainous rice fields, tractor roads and other complicated environmental conditions, the rice seedling transplanting machines with different sizes are assorted, working routes of the rice seedling transplanting machines are scientifically planned, the seedling taking amount, the seedling separating times, the planting distance and the inserting depth are reasonably selected, the rice seedling transplanting machines do not turn back and perform full-planting and full-inserting operations at a time, and manual replanting is not required; Kubota six-row and two-row rice seedling transplanting machines are assorted for working, the average machine-hour per mu (a unit of area) is 10-20 minutes, single-person single-machine operation can transplant seedlings for 24 mu every 8 hours, and the speed is 24 times that of full manual transplanting; for a large-scale contract order, the rice seedling transplanting expense is 40 yuan/ mu, and is only 40% that of the full manual transplanting, namely 100 yuan/mu, so that the rice seedling transplanting quality and the production efficiency can be effectively improved, and the labor intensity and the production cost are reduced; by the full-planting and full-inserting mechanical rice seedling transplanting method, convenience is brought for transplanting in due season and at due time the rice seedling transplanting scale operation and agricultural machinery service industrialization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mechanized planting method in rice cropping, particularly relate to rice field, a kind of Hills and completely plant slotting formula mechanized planting method.
Background technology
paddy rice is the second in the world, Asia first, China first cereal crops.Along with the quickening of China's urbanization paces, rural laborer reduces fast, carries out the operation of Rice Production entire mechanization, and realizing rice agriculture modernization is inexorable trend.
Mechanized planting is the Pinch technology realizing Hills Rice Production entire mechanization, even if possessing under the mechanized planting basic guarantee such as tractor road, water source and qualified rice shoot condition, also because rice field, Hills is small and scattered, shape, soil are complicated, ground height is large etc. cause rice transplanter to shift and farm work all comparatively Plain is difficult, and affect operating efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve existing Hills mechanized planting technology Problems existing, thus provide one to realize Hills Mechanization of The Rice Transplanting operation, and make rice transplanter durable in use, operation saving of labor, to save time, efficiency is high, by reasonable selection rice transplanter, planning of science activities work route, select reasonably to get seedling amount, number of times of separating seedlings or planting, spacing in the rows, insert dark, improve operation technique specification, do not retrace one's steps, disposable realization is completely planted slotting rice field, Hills and is completely planted slotting formula mechanized planting method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
One, rice transplanter configuration and dispatching
Rice transplanter is advisable with 68cm type Kubo Tian Liuhang high-speed transplanter and SPW-28C type Kubo field two row rice transplanter, two row rice transplanter one people one machines; Six row rice transplanter two people one group, a people is responsible for operation, and a people is responsible for upper seedling.
Two, preparation before rice transplanting
(1) transplanting rice shoot prepares
Machine transplanting of rice rice shoot must be the strong sprout of blanket, band soil or the band organic substrate that normalization is cultivated, and when getting seedling and rice shoot transport, seedling block should be prevented to be out of shape fracture, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is generally 18-25 days, three leaves wholeheartedly seedling, rice shoot height 13-20cm;
(2) face, field is smooth
Face, field, machine transplanting of rice rice seedling bed should be smooth, and in field, high low head is not more than 3cm, and the mechanical work degree of depth is no more than 20cm; Face, field is clean and tidy, and earth reaches up-thin-low-thick, carefully and not sticks with paste, upper rotten lower reality; Shift to an earlier date depending on earth situation that farming is heavy starches, reach muddy water and distinguish, precipitate not knot tying; The depth of water is at 1-3cm;
(3) rice transplanter preliminary operation
Rice transplanter must carry out test running before operation, in time process of pinpointing the problems, in order to avoid affect rice transplanting operation, must do inspection and empty machine test running before test running according to the requirement of the scope of examination before test running and empty machine test running;
(4) check before rice transplanter farm work and prepare
The apparent distance is far and near, is transported by rice transplanter or reaches limit, field, and checking each positions such as rice transplanter engine, hydraulic pressure, traveling, rice transplantings before operation comprehensively, carries out operation and prepares;
(5) get seedling amount and get seedling number of times, spacing in the rows, insert dark presetting
According to rice shoot, field situation, regulate by agriculture requirement and longitudinally get seedling amount and transverse seedling taking times, select appropriate to get seedling amount, adjust spacing in the rows gear simultaneously, preset insert dark; Owing to adopting 648 caves (36 × 18) seedling dish blanket to strengthen the nursery of alms bowl formula, each hard disk is 18 holes laterally, and number of times of selecting reasonably to separate seedlings or planting avoids hindering seedling, leaks the crux inserted; For Kubo field 68cm type rice transplanter, number of times of separating seedlings or planting is 18,20,26 respectively, 18 should be selected to be advisable, and be 20 and 26 respectively for SPW-28C type rice transplanter, reply equipment appropriately adjusts, with make to separate seedlings or planting number of times for 18 times (with employing 648 cave (36 × 18) seedling dish educate horizontal rice shoot hole count be consistent), reach the best and plant effect;
(6) rice transplanter starts
Start rice transplanter, rice transplanter, under lifting state, straight line, vertically, slowly sails Tanaka into, and decline state put by rice transplanter, prepares rice transplanting.
Three, rice transplanting operation
(1) seedling, rice shoot supply is filled
When 1. filling seedling first, refill seedling after seedling box being moved on to one end, seedling block is placed on seedling case, should flatten, and seedling case is close in bottom; After seedling block is put well, seedling device will be pressed to depress;
2. during supply rice shoot, should supply before rice shoot does not arrive rice shoot supply position, note two pieces of end faces alignment simultaneously, if rice shoot exceeds seedling case, pull-out extension board;
(2) using method of marker
Unplug the bar that prints of next rice transplanting side during rice transplanting, markerization prints, and before turning to, regains marker; When going back to slotting next time, in the middle of rice transplanter, the line that marker marks aimed at by mark post, unplugs the bar that prints of next rice transplanting side simultaneously;
(3) side is to the using method of row device
During rice transplanting, aligning being pulled open to row device in the side in kickboard front, to be plugged the rice shoot of seedling capable, and the line-spacing that makes to change one's profession is 40cm;
(4) dark adjustment is inserted
Transplanting depth regulates and normally adjusts with transplanting depth regulating handle, has 4 gears; When these 4 gears can't reach depth requirements, also by regulating the installing hole in three pieces of kickboards to change transplanting depth; First presetting according to agriculture requirement before rice transplanting inserts dark, and after Tanaka tries slotting one section, insert dark according to the adjustment of field situation, transplanting depth is more shallow better under not floating prerequisite with institute's rice transplanting seedling, maximum can not more than 1cm;
(5) travel route is planted
The first scheme: first the program leaves the leeway of 4 line width around ridge, from rice transplanter enters, rice field surrounding is all reserved 1.2 meters wide and is not inserted, press arrow direction indication, first insert in the middle of field, finally travel one week, from the rice transplanting operation entering bank the opposite side of field and complete this field, realization is completely planted slotting, does not retrace one's steps;
First scheme: program the first row is directly by ridge rice transplanting, other three limits ridge leaves the leeway of 4-8 line width, rice field is entered namely directly by raised path through fields rice transplanting from rice transplanter, enter reserved 2.4 meters of the left and right sides, field, offside while reserved 1.2 meters are not inserted, press arrow direction indication, three reserved limits are finally inserted, and finally just walk and once from the offside entering field, can enter next block field by bank, realization is completely planted slotting, does not retrace one's steps;
Above-mentioned two sets of plan all can realize transplanting disposable completely plant slotting, do not need with manually carry out benefit plant.
Adopt the beneficial effect of technique scheme:
1. employing the present invention can according to complicated environmental conditions such as rice field, Hills size, shape, tractor roads, size rice transplanter is supporting, planning of science activities rice transplanter work route, select reasonably to get seedling amount, number of times of separating seedlings or planting, spacing in the rows, insert dark, do not retrace one's steps, disposable realization is completely planted slotting, does not need extra with manually mending cultivation; Use Kubo Tian Liuhang high-speed transplanter and the supporting rice transplanting operation completing Hills size, complex-shaped rice field of Kubo field two row rice transplanter, 10-20 minute during average mu machine, single unit operation can complete rice transplanting 24 mu in every 8 hours, is 24 times of full rice transplantation by hand; It is 40 yuan/mu that scale contracts order rice transplanting expense; only have 40% of full rice transplantation by hand 100 yuan, can effectively improve rice transplanting quality and production efficiency, reduce labour intensity and production cost; be conducive to robbing season, making up for lost time, be conducive to rice and make appropriate scale of operation and service on agricultural machinery.
2. adopt facility of the present invention durable in use, operation saving of labor, save time, efficiency is high, for raising rice transplanting quality and production efficiency, promotes Rice Production entire mechanization, and realizing mountain area rice, to do modernization significant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the first conceptual scheme of planting travel route in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the first scheme figure planting travel route in the present invention.
Embodiment
Slotting its embodiment of formula mechanized planting method is completely planted with following " the 500 mu of rice planting mechanization rice transplantings of Guizhou Zhuo Hao agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd " for embodiment in rice field, a kind of Hills of the present invention, follows these steps to implement:
(1) transplanting time is determined
Play field, rice transplanting and harvesting machineryization service, every mu of annual total cost 300 yuan with 500 mu of Rice Production bases, wherein rice transplanting 40 yuan/mu, beat 120 yuan/mu, field, gather in 140 yuan/mu.Be production of hybrid seeds cross-bred rape according to this rice field, base preceding crop, the harvesting time be the first tenday period of a month in May to late May, point April 10, April 20 and April 30 three batches educate machine transplanting of rice rice shoot.Therefore, both sides arrange May 7 completed this base mechanized planting to May 27.
(2) equipment, personnel placement and equipment transfer
According to situations such as the time intervals of 500 mu of rice transplanting scales and rice transplanting, arrange east wind 151 rotovator to join planker 1 and driver 1 people, be responsible for revolving flat operation before this rice field, base rice transplanting; Arrange Kubo Tian Liuhang high-speed transplanter and Kubo field two row rice transplanter each 1 and agricultural machinery operator 3 people, be responsible for the rice transplanting operation in this base.Requirement and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot supplier consult to determine concrete arrangement of time plan, check and empty machine test running, confirm that facility can normally work, facility are transported to this base, revolve flat operation before requiring to do test running, and waiting for that rice shoot puts in place is rice transplanting.
(3) check before rice transplanter farm work and prepare
According to rice transplanting operation technique code requirement, before operation, each positions such as rice transplanter engine, hydraulic pressure, traveling, rice transplanting are checked comprehensively, carry out operation and prepare.
(4) get seedling amount and get seedling number of times, spacing in the rows, insert dark presetting
According to rice shoot, field situation, regulate by agriculture requirement and longitudinally get seedling amount and transverse seedling taking times, select appropriate to get seedling amount, adjust spacing in the rows gear simultaneously, preset insert dark.Because adopting 648 caves (36 × 18) seedling-cultivation plate, the number of times of separating seedlings or planting of selection of times 18, SPW-28C type of the separating seedlings or planting rice transplanter of Kubo field 68cm type rice transplanter is adjusted to 18 times.
(5) rice transplanter starts
Start rice transplanter, rice transplanter, under lifting state, straight line, vertically, slowly sails Tanaka into, and decline state put by rice transplanter, prepares rice transplanting.
(6) rice transplanting operation
In strict accordance with above art solutions requirement, correctly fill seedling, supply rice shoot, use marker, side to row device, adjust and insert deeply, need to select different to plant travel route scheme according to the access lane of different field, disposablely completely plant slotting, complete rice transplanting operation.
For the production efficiency of the service efficiency and agricultural machinery working that improve agricultural machinery operator, the non-transplanting time that field operation can be arranged in before each issue rice transplanting of beating in this base completes by stages.Field operation is played, in 7-10 day in May, 17-20 day, 25-27 day rice transplanting greatly about 1-6 day in May, 11-16 day ,-25 days on the 21st.What not only 3 agricultural machinery operators can complete these 500 mu of bases plays field, rice transplanting operation, and meets seedling arrangement of time by stages.What 27 days 3 people were this base beat field, rice transplanting is served total income and can be reached 160 yuan of/mu of * 500 mu=80,000 yuan, operating efficiency and production efficiency high.
Claims (1)
1. a slotting formula mechanized planting method is completely planted in rice field, Hills, it is characterized in that: the method follows these steps to implement:
One, rice transplanter configuration and dispatching
Rice transplanter is advisable with 68cm type Kubo Tian Liuhang high-speed transplanter and SPW-28C type Kubo field two row rice transplanter, two row rice transplanter one people one machines; Six row rice transplanter two people one group, a people is responsible for operation, and a people is responsible for upper seedling;
Two, preparation before rice transplanting
1) transplanting rice shoot prepares
Machine transplanting of rice rice shoot must be the strong sprout of blanket, band soil or the band organic substrate that normalization is cultivated, and when getting seedling and rice shoot transport, seedling block should be prevented to be out of shape fracture, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is generally 18-25 days, three leaves wholeheartedly seedling, rice shoot height 13-20cm;
2) face, field is smooth
Face, field, machine transplanting of rice rice seedling bed should be smooth, and in field, high low head is not more than 3cm, and the mechanical work degree of depth is no more than 20cm; Face, field is clean and tidy, and earth reaches up-thin-low-thick, carefully and not sticks with paste, upper rotten lower reality; Shift to an earlier date depending on earth situation that farming is heavy starches, reach muddy water and distinguish, precipitate not knot tying; The depth of water is at 1-3cm;
3) rice transplanter preliminary operation
Rice transplanter must carry out test running before operation, in time process of pinpointing the problems, in order to avoid affect rice transplanting operation, must do inspection and empty machine test running before test running according to the requirement of the scope of examination before test running and empty machine test running;
4) check before rice transplanter farm work and prepare
The apparent distance is far and near, is transported by rice transplanter or reaches limit, field, and checking each positions such as rice transplanter engine, hydraulic pressure, traveling, rice transplantings before operation comprehensively, carries out operation and prepares;
5) get seedling amount and get seedling number of times, spacing in the rows, insert dark presetting
According to rice shoot, field situation, regulate by agriculture requirement and longitudinally get seedling amount and transverse seedling taking times, select appropriate to get seedling amount, adjust spacing in the rows gear simultaneously, preset insert dark; Owing to adopting 648 caves (36 × 18) seedling dish blanket to strengthen the nursery of alms bowl formula, each hard disk is 18 holes laterally, and number of times of selecting reasonably to separate seedlings or planting avoids hindering seedling, leaks the crux inserted; For Kubo field 68cm type rice transplanter, number of times of separating seedlings or planting is 18,20,26 respectively, 18 should be selected to be advisable, and be 20 and 26 respectively for SPW-28C type rice transplanter, reply equipment appropriately adjusts, with make to separate seedlings or planting number of times for 18 times (with employing 648 cave (36 × 18) seedling dish educate horizontal rice shoot hole count be consistent), reach the best and plant effect;
6) rice transplanter starts
Start rice transplanter, rice transplanter, under lifting state, straight line, vertically, slowly sails Tanaka into, and decline state put by rice transplanter, prepares rice transplanting;
Three, rice transplanting operation
1) seedling, rice shoot supply is filled
When 1. filling seedling first, refill seedling after seedling box being moved on to one end, seedling block is placed on seedling case, should flatten, and seedling case is close in bottom; After seedling block is put well, seedling device will be pressed to depress;
2. during supply rice shoot, should supply before rice shoot does not arrive rice shoot supply position, note two pieces of end faces alignment simultaneously, if rice shoot exceeds seedling case, pull-out extension board;
2) using method of marker
Unplug the bar that prints of next rice transplanting side during rice transplanting, markerization prints, and before turning to, regains marker; When going back to slotting next time, in the middle of rice transplanter, the line that marker marks aimed at by mark post, unplugs the bar that prints of next rice transplanting side simultaneously;
3) side is to the using method of row device
During rice transplanting, aligning being pulled open to row device in the side in kickboard front, to be plugged the rice shoot of seedling capable, and the line-spacing that makes to change one's profession is 40cm;
4) dark adjustment is inserted
Transplanting depth regulates and normally adjusts with transplanting depth regulating handle, has 4 gears; When these 4 gears can't reach depth requirements, also by regulating the installing hole in three pieces of kickboards to change transplanting depth; First presetting according to agriculture requirement before rice transplanting inserts dark, and after Tanaka tries slotting one section, insert dark according to the adjustment of field situation, transplanting depth is more shallow better under not floating prerequisite with institute's rice transplanting seedling, maximum can not more than 1cm;
5) travel route is planted
The first scheme: first the program leaves the leeway of 4 line width around ridge, from rice transplanter enters, rice field surrounding is all reserved 1.2 meters wide and is not inserted, press arrow direction indication, first insert in the middle of field, finally travel one week, from the rice transplanting operation entering bank the opposite side of field and complete this field, realization is completely planted slotting, does not retrace one's steps;
First scheme: program the first row is directly by ridge rice transplanting, other three limits ridge leaves the leeway of 4-8 line width, rice field is entered namely directly by raised path through fields rice transplanting from rice transplanter, enter reserved 2.4 meters of the left and right sides, field, offside while reserved 1.2 meters are not inserted, press arrow direction indication, three reserved limits are finally inserted, and finally just walk and once from the offside entering field, can enter next block field by bank, realization is completely planted slotting, does not retrace one's steps;
Above-mentioned two sets of plan all can realize that transplanting is disposable completely to be planted slotting, not retracing one's steps, not needing to plant with manually carrying out benefit.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107535147A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-05 | 株式会社久保田 | Operation Van |
| CN108337946A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2018-07-31 | 株式会社久保田 | Agriculture working |
| CN108759828A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏大学 | A kind of unmanned rice transplanter paths planning method |
| WO2019113990A1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-20 | 南通市通州区十总镇益胜农机专业合作社 | Whole plant type transplanting method |
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| CN1185271A (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 1998-06-24 | 株式会社久保田 | Rice transplanter with seedling planting device |
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| CN107535147A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-05 | 株式会社久保田 | Operation Van |
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| CN108759828A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏大学 | A kind of unmanned rice transplanter paths planning method |
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| CN104782287B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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