WO2019113990A1 - Whole plant type transplanting method - Google Patents

Whole plant type transplanting method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019113990A1
WO2019113990A1 PCT/CN2017/117016 CN2017117016W WO2019113990A1 WO 2019113990 A1 WO2019113990 A1 WO 2019113990A1 CN 2017117016 W CN2017117016 W CN 2017117016W WO 2019113990 A1 WO2019113990 A1 WO 2019113990A1
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seedlings
transplanting
depth
seedling
transplanter
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PCT/CN2017/117016
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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余泳波
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南通市通州区十总镇益胜农机专业合作社
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Publication of WO2019113990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019113990A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant planting method, in particular to a mechanized full-plant transplanting method.
  • the traditional rice seed production method can only be applied to artificial transplanting, and the efficiency is low. Moreover, the quality of the seedlings is uneven, and the number of seedlings of the weak seedlings and diseased plants is large; the roots are not firmly anchored, the thickness of the soil is not thin, and the blocks are easy to disperse, which increases the difficulty of transplanting; the shape of the block is irregular and lacking, No angle; the root system is underdeveloped, and the number of white roots per plant is usually less than 10, and the survival rate of transplanting is low.
  • the traditional rice seed transplanting method is not suitable for the high-yield and high-efficiency requirements of modern agriculture, and wastes manpower.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a full-filling method.
  • a full-plant transplanting method characterized in that the method is carried out as follows:
  • the soil in the paddy field is subjected to drought or ploughing, then irrigated with water, and the water raft is carried out to monitor the hardness of the soil. If the standard is not reached, the number of leeches is increased to meet the standard, and the height difference of the paddy soil is guaranteed to be 3 Within ⁇ 5 cm, otherwise the soil is removed, and the water is discharged on the day before the transplanting, to the position of about 1 cm on the mud surface;
  • the seedlings must be grown in the same environment.
  • the seedlings are 25-30 days old, the seedling height is 13-20cm, and the three-leaf one-hearted seedlings are the same.
  • the seedlings on the plate are the same height, and the pans are even and neat.
  • the leaves are green, clear and disease-free, the roots are entangled, and the roots are not scattered.
  • On the water management under the condition that the seedlings are not wilted, the watering is controlled, the seedlings are rooted, and the seedlings are in a thirsty state, which is beneficial to the roots after transplanting.
  • the seedlings are sprayed with 150 g of diammonium phosphate per square meter. After fertilization, spray the water to wash the seedlings. To prevent pests, some pesticides should be sprayed to achieve the three belts (with soil and fertilizer). Take the medicine) to the lower field, to prevent the deformation or breakage of the disk during transportation, and take the 648 hole, that is, the 36 ⁇ 18 disk as an example;
  • the transplanter adopts the PD60 type high-speed six-row rice transplanter as an example.
  • the manipulator Before the transplanting operation, the manipulator must perform a comprehensive inspection and debugging on the transplanter.
  • Each running component should be flexible to rotate, no collision and stuck, and the rotating parts should be filled. Lubricating oil to ensure that the rice transplanter works properly;
  • the empty box When installing the first time, the empty box must be moved to one end of the guide rail before the seedlings are installed, and the seedlings should be installed to prevent leakage.
  • the tray should be close to the box, not arched, and the two joints of the tray should be aligned. There should be no gaps, and if necessary, the water should be lubricated between the tray and the box to make the tray slide down smoothly;
  • the seedlings When replenishing seedlings, the seedlings should be replenished before they reach the replenishment position.
  • the joints of the two discs should be aligned, leaving no gaps. If necessary, sprinkle water and lubricate between the trays and the boxes, so that the trays slide down smoothly;
  • the depth adjustment of the insertion depth is adjusted by adjusting the adjustment handle of the depth of insertion.
  • the depth is preset. After inserting a distance in the rice field, adjust the depth according to the situation, and the depth of the insertion is Under the premise that the seedlings are not drifting, the shallower the better, the range is 1.5-3cm;
  • the method for checking the hardness of the land is that the forefinger enters the field surface (about 2 cm) and the depth is grooved, and the surrounding soft mud is in a state of being slowly closed, which is the best state of transplanting.
  • the transplanting machine can ensure that the transplanting machine does not go back, reduce the artificial replanting, realize one-time full planting, and rationally and scientifically adjust the seedling volume, the number of tillers, the plant spacing and the depth of insertion to improve the survival rate of the seedlings.
  • the rice transplanter is quickly loaded, reducing labor costs, and achieving high-speed adoption is conducive to large-scale operation and industrialization of agricultural machinery services.
  • Figure 1 is a road map of the present invention
  • the soil in the paddy field is subjected to drought or ploughing, then irrigated with water, and the water raft is carried out to monitor the hardness of the soil. If the standard is not reached, the number of leeches is increased to meet the standard, and the height difference of the paddy soil is guaranteed to be 3 Within ⁇ 5 cm, otherwise the soil preparation is carried out.
  • the hardness test method is that the index finger enters the field surface (about 2 cm) and the depth is grooved. The surrounding soft mud is slowly closed, which is the best transplanting state, and the water is inserted the day before the transplanting. Discharge, to the position of about 1cm of mud surface;
  • the seedlings must be grown in the same environment.
  • the seedlings are 25-30 days old, the seedling height is 13-20cm, and the three-leaf one-hearted seedlings are the same.
  • the seedlings on the plate are the same height, and the pans are even and neat.
  • the leaves are green, clear and disease-free, and the roots are knotted.
  • water management under the condition that the seedlings are not wilted, the watering is controlled, the seedlings are rooted, and the seedlings are in a thirsty state, which is beneficial to the roots after transplanting, the greening is fast, and the tillers are early; the seedlings are 2 days before transplanting. Apply 150 grams of diammonium phosphate to the square meter.
  • the disk is 648 points, that is, the 36 ⁇ 18 disk is taken as an example
  • the transplanter adopts the PD60 type high-speed six-row rice transplanter as an example.
  • the manipulator Before the transplanting operation, the manipulator must perform a comprehensive inspection and debugging on the transplanter.
  • Each running component should be flexible to rotate, no collision and stuck, and the rotating parts should be filled. Lubricating oil to ensure that the rice transplanter works properly;
  • the empty box When installing the first time, the empty box must be moved to one end of the guide rail before the seedlings are installed, and the seedlings should be installed to prevent leakage.
  • the tray should be close to the box, not arched, and the two joints of the tray should be aligned. There should be no gaps, and if necessary, the water should be lubricated between the tray and the box to make the tray slide down smoothly;
  • the seedlings When replenishing seedlings, the seedlings should be replenished before they reach the replenishment position.
  • the joints of the two discs should be aligned, leaving no gaps. If necessary, sprinkle water and lubricate between the trays and the boxes, so that the trays slide down smoothly;
  • the depth adjustment of the insertion depth is adjusted by adjusting the adjustment handle of the depth of insertion.
  • the depth is preset. After inserting a distance in the rice field, adjust the depth according to the situation, and the depth of the insertion is Under the premise that the seedlings are not drifting, the shallower the better, the range is 1.5-3cm;

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

A whole plant type transplanting method implemented according to the following steps: preparation before transplanting-mechanical transplanting operation, wherein the preparation steps before transplanting comprise: pre-planting soil preparation, seedling preparation, mechanical preparation, transplanter pre-setting before seedling transplanting and transplanter start-up; and the operating steps comprise: seedling loading, seedling replenishment, a method for using a marker, a method for using a side aligner, transplanting depth adjustment and a driving route. According to a scientific planning route, the method guarantees that a transplanter does not go back on itself, reduces manual seedling replenishment, realizes one-off whole seedling planting, rationally and scientifically adjusts the seedling volume, the number of times seedlings are separated, the planting distance and the transplanting depth, and improves the survival rate of seedlings. By means of fast loading and transplanting of a transplanter, labor costs are reduced, thereby achieving high-speed use, and facilitating large-scale operation and industrialization of agricultural machinery services.

Description

一种满栽式插秧方法Full-plant transplanting method 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种植物种植方法，尤其涉及一种机械化的满栽式插秧方法。The invention relates to a plant planting method, in particular to a mechanized full-plant transplanting method.
背景技术Background technique
传统的水稻制种方法只能适用于人工移栽，效率低下。而且秧苗群体质量不均衡，弱苗、病株的秧苗数量多；根系盘结不牢固，盘根带土厚薄不致，秧块提起易散，给移栽增加了难度；秧块形状不规则缺边、缺角；根系不发达，单株白根通常不足10条，移栽成活率低。传统的水稻制种移栽方法已经不适合现代农业高产高效的要求，浪费人力。The traditional rice seed production method can only be applied to artificial transplanting, and the efficiency is low. Moreover, the quality of the seedlings is uneven, and the number of seedlings of the weak seedlings and diseased plants is large; the roots are not firmly anchored, the thickness of the soil is not thin, and the blocks are easy to disperse, which increases the difficulty of transplanting; the shape of the block is irregular and lacking, No angle; the root system is underdeveloped, and the number of white roots per plant is usually less than 10, and the survival rate of transplanting is low. The traditional rice seed transplanting method is not suitable for the high-yield and high-efficiency requirements of modern agriculture, and wastes manpower.
发明内容Summary of the invention
发明目的：本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足，提供一种满栽式插秧方法。OBJECT OF THE INVENTION: The object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a full-filling method.
技术方案：Technical solutions:
1.一种满栽式插秧方法，其特征在于：该方法按下列步骤实施：A full-plant transplanting method, characterized in that the method is carried out as follows:
一、插秧前准备：First, prepare before transplanting:
1)、种植前土地准备：1) Land preparation before planting:
将稻田内的土进行旱耙或旋耕，然后进行灌水浸泡，在进行水耙，监测泥土硬度，若不达标，增加水耙的次数，以达到标准为宜，要保证稻田泥土高低差在3～5厘米以内，否则进行则整地，在插秧的前一天将水排出，至泥面1cm左右位置；The soil in the paddy field is subjected to drought or ploughing, then irrigated with water, and the water raft is carried out to monitor the hardness of the soil. If the standard is not reached, the number of leeches is increased to meet the standard, and the height difference of the paddy soil is guaranteed to be 3 Within ~5 cm, otherwise the soil is removed, and the water is discharged on the day before the transplanting, to the position of about 1 cm on the mud surface;
2)、秧苗准备2), seedling preparation
秧苗必须是在同一环境生长的，选取秧龄为25-30天，苗高需13-20cm，三叶一心的秧苗，则该秧苗位于的秧盘上的秧苗高度相同，秧盘均匀整齐，苗挺叶绿，清秀无病，根系盘结，提起不散，则水分管理上，在不致秧苗萎蔫的情况下，控制浇水，蹲苗壮根，使秧苗处于干渴状态，有利于插秧后发根好、返青快、早分蘖；在插秧前2天，秧苗每平方米撒施磷酸二铵150克，施肥后喷清水洗苗，为防止虫害，应喷洒一些农药，实现秧苗三带(带土、带肥带药)下田，在运输中防止秧盘变形或断裂，秧盘以648穴，即36×18的秧盘为例；The seedlings must be grown in the same environment. The seedlings are 25-30 days old, the seedling height is 13-20cm, and the three-leaf one-hearted seedlings are the same. The seedlings on the plate are the same height, and the pans are even and neat. The leaves are green, clear and disease-free, the roots are entangled, and the roots are not scattered. On the water management, under the condition that the seedlings are not wilted, the watering is controlled, the seedlings are rooted, and the seedlings are in a thirsty state, which is beneficial to the roots after transplanting. Returning to the green quickly and early tillering; 2 days before transplanting, the seedlings are sprayed with 150 g of diammonium phosphate per square meter. After fertilization, spray the water to wash the seedlings. To prevent pests, some pesticides should be sprayed to achieve the three belts (with soil and fertilizer). Take the medicine) to the lower field, to prevent the deformation or breakage of the disk during transportation, and take the 648 hole, that is, the 36×18 disk as an example;
3)、机械准备3), mechanical preparation
插秧机采用PD60型乘座高速式六行插秧机为例，插秧作业前，机手须对插秧机作一次全面检查调试，各运行部件应转动灵活，无碰撞卡滞现象，转动部件要加注润滑油，以确保插秧机能够正常工作；The transplanter adopts the PD60 type high-speed six-row rice transplanter as an example. Before the transplanting operation, the manipulator must perform a comprehensive inspection and debugging on the transplanter. Each running component should be flexible to rotate, no collision and stuck, and the rotating parts should be filled. Lubricating oil to ensure that the rice transplanter works properly;
4)、插苗前插秧机的预设4), preset before inserting the seedling transplanter
(1)根据秧苗、稻田的情况，按照农艺要求调节纵向取苗量和横向取苗次数，选择适量的取苗量，同时调整株距档位、预设插深，对于PD60型乘座高速式插秧机，插秧次数18、20、26，根据秧盘选取次数，应选18，次数选取应与秧盘上孔数一致，保证最佳载插效果；(1) According to the situation of seedlings and rice fields, adjust the longitudinal seedling volume and the number of horizontal seedlings according to the agronomic requirements, select the appropriate amount of seedlings, and adjust the plant spacing and preset depth. For PD60 type high-speed insertion Machine, the number of insertions 18, 20, 26, according to the number of selections of the tray, should be selected 18, the number of times should be consistent with the number of holes on the tray to ensure the best loading effect;
(2)根据大田泥脚深度，调整插秧机插秧深度，并根据土壤软硬度，通过调节仿形机构灵敏度来控制插深一致性，达到不漂不倒，深浅适当为宜；(2) According to the depth of the mud foot of the field, adjust the depth of the transplanting machine, and according to the softness of the soil, adjust the sensitivity of the contouring mechanism to control the consistency of the depth of insertion, so as not to drift, the depth is appropriate;
5)、插秧机启动 5), transplanter start
启动插秧机，插秧机在提升状态下，垂直缓慢的驶入稻田中，将插秧机降至工作高度，准备插秧；Start the rice transplanter, and the rice transplanter slowly enters the rice field vertically under the elevated state, and the rice transplanter is lowered to the working height to prepare for transplanting;
二、作业Second, homework
1)、装秧及秧苗补给1), decoration and seedling supply
(1)首次装秧时，装秧苗前必须将空秧箱移动到导轨的一端，再装秧苗，防止漏秧，秧盘要紧贴秧箱，不拱起，两片秧盘接头处要对齐，不留间隙，必要时秧盘与秧箱间要洒水润滑，使秧盘下滑顺畅；(1) When installing the first time, the empty box must be moved to one end of the guide rail before the seedlings are installed, and the seedlings should be installed to prevent leakage. The tray should be close to the box, not arched, and the two joints of the tray should be aligned. There should be no gaps, and if necessary, the water should be lubricated between the tray and the box to make the tray slide down smoothly;
(2)补给秧苗时，应在秧苗未到达补给位置前补给，两片秧盘接头处要对齐，不留间隙，必要时秧盘与秧箱间要洒水润滑，使秧盘下滑顺畅；(2) When replenishing seedlings, the seedlings should be replenished before they reach the replenishment position. The joints of the two discs should be aligned, leaving no gaps. If necessary, sprinkle water and lubricate between the trays and the boxes, so that the trays slide down smoothly;
2)、划印器的使用方法：2), the use of the marker:
插秧时拨开下次插秧一侧的划印杆，划印器划印，转向前，收回划印器，转回插下一趟时，插秧机中间标杆对准划印器划出的线，同时拨开下次插秧一侧的划印杆；When inserting the rice, insert the marking rod on the side of the next insertion, mark the marking, and before the steering, retract the marking device. When turning back to the next thread, the middle pole of the rice transplanter is aligned with the line drawn by the marking device. At the same time, the printing rod on the side of the next insertion is opened;
3)、侧对行器的使用方法：3), the use of the side of the line:
插秧时把浮板前方的侧对行器拉开对准已插好秧苗行，使转行行距为30cm；When inserting the raft, pull the side aligner in front of the floating plate and align it with the seedling row, so that the line spacing is 30cm;
4)、插深的调整：4), adjustment of the depth of insertion:
插秧深度调节通过调节插深的调节手柄进行调节，共有12个档位调节深度，根据农艺要求先预设插深，在稻田中试插一段距离后，根据情况在调整插深，插秧的深度以秧苗达到不漂不倒的前提下，越浅越好，范围位于1.5-3cm为宜；The depth adjustment of the insertion depth is adjusted by adjusting the adjustment handle of the depth of insertion. There are 12 gear positions to adjust the depth. According to the agronomic requirements, the depth is preset. After inserting a distance in the rice field, adjust the depth according to the situation, and the depth of the insertion is Under the premise that the seedlings are not drifting, the shallower the better, the range is 1.5-3cm;
5)、行驶路线5), driving route
从插秧机进入稻田开始，预留通道，以“Z”字型行驶，根据稻田形状及大小确认预留通道，保证预留通道最后插完，不走会回头，实现满栽，减少人工补栽；Start from the rice transplanter into the rice field, reserve the passage, drive in the “Z” shape, confirm the reserved passage according to the shape and size of the rice field, ensure that the reserved passage is finally inserted, and return to the head to achieve full planting and reduce artificial planting. ;
所述土地硬度检查方法是食指入田面一节(2厘米左右)深度划沟，周围软泥呈徐徐合拢状态，为最佳的插秧状态。The method for checking the hardness of the land is that the forefinger enters the field surface (about 2 cm) and the depth is grooved, and the surrounding soft mud is in a state of being slowly closed, which is the best state of transplanting.
有益效果：根据科学的规划路线保证插秧机不走回头路，减少人工的补栽，实现一次性满栽，合理科学的调整取苗量、分秧次数、株距、插深提高秧苗的存活率，采用插秧机快速载插，降低人工成本，实现高速采用有利于规模化经营和农机服务产业化。Beneficial effect: According to the scientific planning route, the transplanting machine can ensure that the transplanting machine does not go back, reduce the artificial replanting, realize one-time full planting, and rationally and scientifically adjust the seedling volume, the number of tillers, the plant spacing and the depth of insertion to improve the survival rate of the seedlings. The rice transplanter is quickly loaded, reducing labor costs, and achieving high-speed adoption is conducive to large-scale operation and industrialization of agricultural machinery services.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为本发明载插路线图；Figure 1 is a road map of the present invention;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术内容进行详细阐述：确定插秧时间，做前期准备；提前进行计划，培育秧苗，提前预约插秧机及人员准备；The technical content of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments: determining the transplanting time, preparing for the preliminary preparation; planning in advance, cultivating the seedlings, and presetting the rice transplanter and personnel preparation;
一、插秧前准备：First, prepare before transplanting:
1)、种植前土地准备：1) Land preparation before planting:
将稻田内的土进行旱耙或旋耕，然后进行灌水浸泡，在进行水耙，监测泥土硬度，若不达标，增加水耙的次数，以达到标准为宜，要保证稻田泥土高低差在3～5厘米以内，否则进行则整地，硬度检查方法是食指入田面一节(2厘米左右)深度划沟，周围软泥呈徐徐合拢状态，为最佳的插秧状态，在插秧的前一天将水排出，至泥面1cm左右位置；The soil in the paddy field is subjected to drought or ploughing, then irrigated with water, and the water raft is carried out to monitor the hardness of the soil. If the standard is not reached, the number of leeches is increased to meet the standard, and the height difference of the paddy soil is guaranteed to be 3 Within ~5 cm, otherwise the soil preparation is carried out. The hardness test method is that the index finger enters the field surface (about 2 cm) and the depth is grooved. The surrounding soft mud is slowly closed, which is the best transplanting state, and the water is inserted the day before the transplanting. Discharge, to the position of about 1cm of mud surface;
2)、秧苗准备 2), seedling preparation
秧苗必须是在同一环境生长的，选取秧龄为25-30天，苗高需13-20cm，三叶一心的秧苗，则该秧苗位于的秧盘上的秧苗高度相同，秧盘均匀整齐，苗挺叶绿，清秀无病，根系盘结，提起不散。则水分管理上，在不致秧苗萎蔫的情况下，控制浇水，蹲苗壮根，使秧苗处于干渴状态，有利于插秧后发根好、返青快、早分蘖；在插秧前2天，秧苗每平方米撒施磷酸二铵150克，施肥后喷清水洗苗，为防止虫害，应喷洒一些农药，实现秧苗三带(带土、带肥、带药)下田，在运输中防止秧盘变形或断裂，秧盘以648穴，即36×18的秧盘为例；The seedlings must be grown in the same environment. The seedlings are 25-30 days old, the seedling height is 13-20cm, and the three-leaf one-hearted seedlings are the same. The seedlings on the plate are the same height, and the pans are even and neat. The leaves are green, clear and disease-free, and the roots are knotted. In the case of water management, under the condition that the seedlings are not wilted, the watering is controlled, the seedlings are rooted, and the seedlings are in a thirsty state, which is beneficial to the roots after transplanting, the greening is fast, and the tillers are early; the seedlings are 2 days before transplanting. Apply 150 grams of diammonium phosphate to the square meter. After fertilization, spray the water to wash the seedlings. To prevent pests, spray some pesticides to achieve the three belts (with soil, fertilizer, and medicine) to prevent the deformation of the tray during transportation. Breaking, the disk is 648 points, that is, the 36×18 disk is taken as an example;
3)、机械准备3), mechanical preparation
插秧机采用PD60型乘座高速式六行插秧机为例，插秧作业前，机手须对插秧机作一次全面检查调试，各运行部件应转动灵活，无碰撞卡滞现象，转动部件要加注润滑油，以确保插秧机能够正常工作；The transplanter adopts the PD60 type high-speed six-row rice transplanter as an example. Before the transplanting operation, the manipulator must perform a comprehensive inspection and debugging on the transplanter. Each running component should be flexible to rotate, no collision and stuck, and the rotating parts should be filled. Lubricating oil to ensure that the rice transplanter works properly;
4)、插苗前插秧机的预设4), preset before inserting the seedling transplanter
(1)根据秧苗、稻田的情况，按照农艺要求调节纵向取苗量和横向取苗次数，选择适量的取苗量，同时调整株距档位、预设插深，对于PD60型乘座高速式插秧机，插秧次数18、20、26，根据秧盘选取次数，应选18，次数选取应与秧盘上孔数一致，保证最佳载插效果；(1) According to the situation of seedlings and rice fields, adjust the longitudinal seedling volume and the number of horizontal seedlings according to the agronomic requirements, select the appropriate amount of seedlings, and adjust the plant spacing and preset depth. For PD60 type high-speed insertion Machine, the number of insertions 18, 20, 26, according to the number of selections of the tray, should be selected 18, the number of times should be consistent with the number of holes on the tray to ensure the best loading effect;
(2)根据大田泥脚深度，调整插秧机插秧深度，并根据土壤软硬度，通过调节仿形机构灵敏度来控制插深一致性，达到不漂不倒，深浅适当为宜；(2) According to the depth of the mud foot of the field, adjust the depth of the transplanting machine, and according to the softness of the soil, adjust the sensitivity of the contouring mechanism to control the consistency of the depth of insertion, so as not to drift, the depth is appropriate;
5)、插秧机启动5), transplanter start
启动插秧机，插秧机在提升状态下，垂直缓慢的驶入稻田中，将插秧机降至工作高度，准备插秧；Start the rice transplanter, and the rice transplanter slowly enters the rice field vertically under the elevated state, and the rice transplanter is lowered to the working height to prepare for transplanting;
二、作业Second, homework
1)、装秧及秧苗补给1), decoration and seedling supply
(1)首次装秧时，装秧苗前必须将空秧箱移动到导轨的一端，再装秧苗，防止漏秧，秧盘要紧贴秧箱，不拱起，两片秧盘接头处要对齐，不留间隙，必要时秧盘与秧箱间要洒水润滑，使秧盘下滑顺畅；(1) When installing the first time, the empty box must be moved to one end of the guide rail before the seedlings are installed, and the seedlings should be installed to prevent leakage. The tray should be close to the box, not arched, and the two joints of the tray should be aligned. There should be no gaps, and if necessary, the water should be lubricated between the tray and the box to make the tray slide down smoothly;
(2)补给秧苗时，应在秧苗未到达补给位置前补给，两片秧盘接头处要对齐，不留间隙，必要时秧盘与秧箱间要洒水润滑，使秧盘下滑顺畅；(2) When replenishing seedlings, the seedlings should be replenished before they reach the replenishment position. The joints of the two discs should be aligned, leaving no gaps. If necessary, sprinkle water and lubricate between the trays and the boxes, so that the trays slide down smoothly;
2)、划印器的使用方法：2), the use of the marker:
插秧时拨开下次插秧一侧的划印杆，划印器划印，转向前，收回划印器，转回插下一趟时，插秧机中间标杆对准划印器划出的线，同时拨开下次插秧一侧的划印杆；When inserting the rice, insert the marking rod on the side of the next insertion, mark the marking, and before the steering, retract the marking device. When turning back to the next thread, the middle pole of the rice transplanter is aligned with the line drawn by the marking device. At the same time, the printing rod on the side of the next insertion is opened;
3)、侧对行器的使用方法：3), the use of the side of the line:
插秧时把浮板前方的侧对行器拉开对准已插好秧苗行，使转行行距为30cm；When inserting the raft, pull the side aligner in front of the floating plate and align it with the seedling row, so that the line spacing is 30cm;
4)、插深的调整：4), adjustment of the depth of insertion:
插秧深度调节通过调节插深的调节手柄进行调节，共有12个档位调节深度，根据农艺要求先预设插深，在稻田中试插一段距离后，根据情况在调整插深，插秧的深度以秧苗达到不漂不倒的前提下，越浅越好，范围位于1.5-3cm为宜；The depth adjustment of the insertion depth is adjusted by adjusting the adjustment handle of the depth of insertion. There are 12 gear positions to adjust the depth. According to the agronomic requirements, the depth is preset. After inserting a distance in the rice field, adjust the depth according to the situation, and the depth of the insertion is Under the premise that the seedlings are not drifting, the shallower the better, the range is 1.5-3cm;
5)、行驶路线5), driving route
从插秧机进入稻田开始，预留通道，以“Z”字型行驶，根据稻田形状及大小确认预留通道，如图1所示，保证预留通道最后插完，不走会回头，实现满栽，减少人工补栽。Start from the rice transplanter into the rice field, reserve the passage, and drive in the “Z” shape. Confirm the reserved passage according to the shape and size of the rice paddy. As shown in Figure 1, ensure that the reserved channel is finally inserted, and will not return. Planting, reducing artificial replanting.
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围。应当指出，对 于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明的保护范围。 The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be noted that Modifications or equivalents of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

  1. 一种满栽式插秧方法，其特征在于：该方法按下列步骤实施：A full-plant transplanting method is characterized in that the method is implemented as follows:
    一、插秧前准备：First, prepare before transplanting:
    1)、种植前土地准备：1) Land preparation before planting:
    将稻田内的土进行旱耙或旋耕，然后进行灌水浸泡，在进行水耙，监测泥土硬度，若不达标，增加水耙的次数，以达到标准为宜，要保证稻田泥土高低差在3～5厘米以内，否则进行则整地，在插秧的前一天将水排出，至泥面1cm左右位置；The soil in the paddy field is subjected to drought or ploughing, then irrigated with water, and the water raft is carried out to monitor the hardness of the soil. If the standard is not reached, the number of leeches is increased to meet the standard, and the height difference of the paddy soil is guaranteed to be 3 Within ~5 cm, otherwise the soil is removed, and the water is discharged on the day before the transplanting, to the position of about 1 cm on the mud surface;
    2)、秧苗准备2), seedling preparation
    秧苗必须是在同一环境生长的，选取秧龄为25-30天，苗高需13-20cm，三叶一心的秧苗，则该秧苗位于的秧盘上的秧苗高度相同，秧盘均匀整齐，苗挺叶绿，清秀无病，根系盘结，提起不散，则水分管理上，在不致秧苗萎蔫的情况下，控制浇水，蹲苗壮根，使秧苗处于干渴状态，有利于插秧后发根好、返青快、早分蘖；在插秧前2天，秧苗每平方米撒施磷酸二铵150克，施肥后喷清水洗苗，为防止虫害，应喷洒一些农药，实现秧苗三带(带土、带肥带药)下田，在运输中防止秧盘变形或断裂，秧盘以648穴，即36×18的秧盘为例；The seedlings must be grown in the same environment. The seedlings are 25-30 days old, the seedling height is 13-20cm, and the three-leaf one-hearted seedlings are the same. The seedlings on the plate are the same height, and the pans are even and neat. The leaves are green, clear and disease-free, the roots are entangled, and the roots are not scattered. On the water management, under the condition that the seedlings are not wilted, the watering is controlled, the seedlings are rooted, and the seedlings are in a thirsty state, which is beneficial to the roots after transplanting. Returning to the green quickly and early tillering; 2 days before transplanting, the seedlings are sprayed with 150 g of diammonium phosphate per square meter. After fertilization, spray the water to wash the seedlings. To prevent pests, some pesticides should be sprayed to achieve the three belts (with soil and fertilizer). Take the medicine) to the lower field, to prevent the deformation or breakage of the disk during transportation, and take the 648 hole, that is, the 36×18 disk as an example;
    3)、机械准备3), mechanical preparation
    插秧机采用PD60型乘座高速式六行插秧机为例，插秧作业前，机手须对插秧机作一次全面检查调试，各运行部件应转动灵活，无碰撞卡滞现象，转动部件要加注润滑油，以确保插秧机能够正常工作；The transplanter adopts the PD60 type high-speed six-row rice transplanter as an example. Before the transplanting operation, the manipulator must perform a comprehensive inspection and debugging on the transplanter. Each running component should be flexible to rotate, no collision and stuck, and the rotating parts should be filled. Lubricating oil to ensure that the rice transplanter works properly;
    4)、插苗前插秧机的预设4), preset before inserting the seedling transplanter
    (1)根据秧苗、稻田的情况，按照农艺要求调节纵向取苗量和横向取苗次数，选择适量的取苗量，同时调整株距档位、预设插深，对于PD60型乘座高速式插秧机，插秧次数18、20、26，根据秧盘选取次数，应选18，次数选取应与秧盘上孔数一致，保证最佳载插效果；(1) According to the situation of seedlings and rice fields, adjust the longitudinal seedling volume and the number of horizontal seedlings according to the agronomic requirements, select the appropriate amount of seedlings, and adjust the plant spacing and preset depth. For PD60 type high-speed insertion Machine, the number of insertions 18, 20, 26, according to the number of selections of the tray, should be selected 18, the number of times should be consistent with the number of holes on the tray to ensure the best loading effect;
    (2)根据大田泥脚深度，调整插秧机插秧深度，并根据土壤软硬度，通过调节仿形机构灵敏度来控制插深一致性，达到不漂不倒，深浅适当为宜；(2) According to the depth of the mud foot of the field, adjust the depth of the transplanting machine, and according to the softness of the soil, adjust the sensitivity of the contouring mechanism to control the consistency of the depth of insertion, so as not to drift, the depth is appropriate;
    5)、插秧机启动5), transplanter start
    启动插秧机，插秧机在提升状态下，垂直缓慢的驶入稻田中，将插秧机降至工作高度，准备插秧；Start the rice transplanter, and the rice transplanter slowly enters the rice field vertically under the elevated state, and the rice transplanter is lowered to the working height to prepare for transplanting;
    二、作业Second, homework
    1)、装秧及秧苗补给1), decoration and seedling supply
    (1)首次装秧时，装秧苗前必须将空秧箱移动到导轨的一端，再装秧苗，防止漏秧，秧盘要紧贴秧箱，不拱起，两片秧盘接头处要对齐，不留间隙，必要时秧盘与秧箱间要洒水润滑，使秧盘下滑顺畅；(1) When installing the first time, the empty box must be moved to one end of the guide rail before the seedlings are installed, and the seedlings should be installed to prevent leakage. The tray should be close to the box, not arched, and the two joints of the tray should be aligned. There should be no gaps, and if necessary, the water should be lubricated between the tray and the box to make the tray slide down smoothly;
    (2)补给秧苗时，应在秧苗未到达补给位置前补给，两片秧盘接头处要对齐，不留间隙，必要时秧盘与秧箱间要洒水润滑，使秧盘下滑顺畅；(2) When replenishing seedlings, the seedlings should be replenished before they reach the replenishment position. The joints of the two discs should be aligned, leaving no gaps. If necessary, sprinkle water and lubricate between the trays and the boxes, so that the trays slide down smoothly;
    2)、划印器的使用方法：2), the use of the marker:
    插秧时拨开下次插秧一侧的划印杆，划印器划印，转向前，收回划印器，转回插下一趟时，插秧机中间标杆对准划印器划出的线，同时拨开下次插秧一侧的划印杆；When inserting the rice, insert the marking rod on the side of the next insertion, mark the marking, and before the steering, retract the marking device. When turning back to the next thread, the middle pole of the rice transplanter is aligned with the line drawn by the marking device. At the same time, the printing rod on the side of the next insertion is opened;
    3)、侧对行器的使用方法：3), the use of the side of the line:
    插秧时把浮板前方的侧对行器拉开对准已插好秧苗行，使转行行距为30cm； When inserting the raft, pull the side aligner in front of the floating plate and align it with the seedling row, so that the line spacing is 30cm;
    4)、插深的调整：4), adjustment of the depth of insertion:
    插秧深度调节通过调节插深的调节手柄进行调节，共有12个档位调节深度，根据农艺要求先预设插深，在稻田中试插一段距离后，根据情况在调整插深，插秧的深度以秧苗达到不漂不倒的前提下，越浅越好，范围位于1.5-3cm为宜；The depth adjustment of the insertion depth is adjusted by adjusting the adjustment handle of the depth of insertion. There are 12 gear positions to adjust the depth. According to the agronomic requirements, the depth is preset. After inserting a distance in the rice field, adjust the depth according to the situation, and the depth of the insertion is Under the premise that the seedlings are not drifting, the shallower the better, the range is 1.5-3cm;
    5)、行驶路线5), driving route
    从插秧机进入稻田开始，预留通道，以“Z”字型行驶，根据稻田形状及大小确认预留通道，保证预留通道最后插完，不走会回头，实现满栽，减少人工补栽。Start from the rice transplanter into the rice field, reserve the passage, drive in the “Z” shape, confirm the reserved passage according to the shape and size of the rice field, ensure that the reserved passage is finally inserted, and return to the head, to achieve full planting, reduce artificial planting. .
  2. 根据权利要求1所述满栽式插秧方法，其特征在于：所述土地硬度检查方法是食指入田面一节(2厘米左右)深度划沟，周围软泥呈徐徐合拢状态，为最佳的插秧状态。 The full-filling method according to claim 1, wherein the method for inspecting the hardness of the land is that the forefinger enters the field for a section (about 2 cm), and the surrounding soft mud is slowly closed, which is the best transplanting. status.
PCT/CN2017/117016 2017-12-13 2017-12-18 Whole plant type transplanting method WO2019113990A1 (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102498999A (en) * 2011-12-01 2012-06-20 成都金卓农业有限公司 Mechanized transplanting method for rice seed production
CN102960108A (en) * 2012-12-05 2013-03-13 黑龙江省水田机械化研究所 Eight-line foldable four-wheel driving rice transplanter and rice transplanting method
CN104719057A (en) * 2015-03-24 2015-06-24 重庆市永川区力丰种业有限责任公司 High quality rice cultivation method
CN104782287A (en) * 2015-03-24 2015-07-22 遵义县润田农机专业合作社 Full-planting and full-inserting mechanical rice seedling transplanting method for hilly and mountainous rice fields
JP2016146810A (en) * 2015-02-10 2016-08-18 泰彦 新城 Method of planting seed rice by net laying
JP2017023031A (en) * 2015-07-21 2017-02-02 株式会社水稲生産技術研究所 Cultivation method for hybrid rice seed production

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102498999A (en) * 2011-12-01 2012-06-20 成都金卓农业有限公司 Mechanized transplanting method for rice seed production
CN102960108A (en) * 2012-12-05 2013-03-13 黑龙江省水田机械化研究所 Eight-line foldable four-wheel driving rice transplanter and rice transplanting method
JP2016146810A (en) * 2015-02-10 2016-08-18 泰彦 新城 Method of planting seed rice by net laying
CN104719057A (en) * 2015-03-24 2015-06-24 重庆市永川区力丰种业有限责任公司 High quality rice cultivation method
CN104782287A (en) * 2015-03-24 2015-07-22 遵义县润田农机专业合作社 Full-planting and full-inserting mechanical rice seedling transplanting method for hilly and mountainous rice fields
JP2017023031A (en) * 2015-07-21 2017-02-02 株式会社水稲生産技術研究所 Cultivation method for hybrid rice seed production

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