CN103355042B - Method for controlling cotton root architecture under film drop irrigation in clay soil through water irrigation and nitrogen application - Google Patents
Method for controlling cotton root architecture under film drop irrigation in clay soil through water irrigation and nitrogen application Download PDFInfo
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- CN103355042B CN103355042B CN201310326273.0A CN201310326273A CN103355042B CN 103355042 B CN103355042 B CN 103355042B CN 201310326273 A CN201310326273 A CN 201310326273A CN 103355042 B CN103355042 B CN 103355042B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling cotton root architecture under film drop irrigation in clay soil through water irrigation and nitrogen application. According to the method, the adjustment of water irrigation amount, irrigation stage and nitrogen application amount are carried out in all growth period of cotton according to cotton growth stages. Under the premise of irrigating enough seedling water, a first water time is mastered accurately and the amount of the first water and nitrogen fertilizer is controlled, so that water and nutrients needed by the root growing toward deep soil can be met; hindrance for the root growth caused by poor structure of the clay soil can be overcome; nutrient leaching loss can be reduced; and every water drop time, water drop amount and fertilizer application amount are determined according to the requirement rule of the cotton growth for the water and nutrient. The cotton root space architecture is controlled based on an action principle for adjusting the plant growth by water and nitrogen. The distribution of the cotton root in the deep soil can be promoted by managing water and nitrogen with the above method, so that declination of density of the cotton root at a boll opening stage; and guarantee for water and nutrient absorption at a late growth stage of the cotton is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nitrogen regulation and control clayed ground under-film drip irrigation cotton root system configuration method of executing by pouring water.
Background technology
Cotton root system is the major organs of cotton moisture content Nutrient Absorption, and the developmental state of root system and steric configuration have great impact to the output of cotton.Cotton in Xinjiang high-yield culture technique is in recent years in advanced international standard, and cotton per unit area yield is far away higher than the average per unit area yield in the world, in the highest level in the world.But also there is the problem such as cotton premature senescence, hollow in Xinjiang cotton.Root system sampling result shows, the covering membrane and drop irrigation cotton root system root tissue water status Nutrient Absorption obstacle shallow, that later stage early ageing causes that distributes is the major reason of the series of problems such as early ageing and hollow.The method of directed regulation and control cotton root system clonal growth has great theory and practice meaning for the yield level of further raising cotton in Xinjiang.
In the process of growing at cotton root system, seedling stage to the developmental state of initial bloom stage root system has epochmaking impact to output of cotton level.Before initial bloom stage, the assimilation substance of the photosynthetic generation of cotton is mainly used in nourishing and growing, particularly growing of root system, and dry matter weight of aerial parts accumulation and Nutrient Absorption are in reduced levels, and therefore seedling stage to initial bloom stage is also that cotton root system is grown the fastest period.Also be the best period of carrying out the optimization of root system configuration.The target of root system configuration regulation and control is to impel cotton root system to the distribution in deep soil.In soil, distribute more deeply wider, be more conducive to cotton and resist various adverse environmental factors, coerce such as dry wet, high temperature etc. under poly-saline and alkaline, the film of table.
The present invention utilizes the principle of the taxis growth that cotton root system has nutrient and moisture, the method for carrying out the regulation and control of cotton root system steric configuration.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of nitrogen regulation and control clayed ground under-film drip irrigation cotton root system configuration method of executing by pouring water is provided, the method is carried out irrigation quantity according to the cotton growth stage in cotton the time of infertility, the adjusting of watering period and amount of nitrogen, the method is to fill with under the prerequisite of the sufficient water of emerging, accurately hold a water time, the amount of control head water and nitrogen manure, both the needs that root system is grown to water and nutrient to deep subsoil had been met, overcome the poor inhibition to root growth of caly structure simultaneously, can reduce again nutrient pouring and move loss, according to cotton growth, the demand rule of water and nutrient is determined and dripped the time at every turn, the amount of the amount of dripping and fertilising.The present invention utilizes the action principle of the plant growth regulating of water nitrogen, carries out the method for cotton root system steric configuration regulation and control.Carry out water nitrogen management by method of the present invention and can promote the distribution of cotton root system at deep subsoil, thereby reduce the decline of the long density of Levant Cotton Root in the term of opening bolls, provide guarantee for the water and nutrient of cotton late growth stage absorbs, reduced fruit abscission rate, significantly improved output of cotton.
One of the present invention is executed nitrogen regulation and control clayed ground under-film drip irrigation cotton root system configuration method by pouring water, the method is carried out the adjusting of irrigation quantity, watering period and amount of nitrogen the time of infertility according to the cotton growth stage in cotton, and concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, after planting ooze Miao Shui, every mu of 55 sides that drip;
B, water dropper water at the beginning of 6 months; Every mu of 65 sides that drip, the time of dripping is controlled at 9 hours; After within first 4 hours, dripping, then drip fertilizer by fertilizer spreading tank, add 5 kgs/acre, urea, drip fertile 1 hour, and then drip 4 hours;
After c, a water, in June, within every 12 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, execute 6 kilograms, urea;
D, July, within every 9 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, execute 7 kilograms, urea, 3 kilograms of MAPs, 4 kilograms of potassium sulfates;
E, August, within every 13 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, execute 4 kilograms, urea;
F, September, early and middle ten days, dripped for the last time, every mu of 40 sides that drip.
In the given amount of dripping, drip the time, if meet overcast and rainy microthermal climate process, suitably delay irrigation period, reduce the amount of dripping.
The time that strict control is dripped and the amount of the amount of dripping and nitrogen fertilizer application.
One of the present invention is executed nitrogen regulation and control clayed ground under-film drip irrigation cotton root system configuration method by pouring water, the method is after early April sowing cotton seed, by the amount of accurate control drip irrigation, reaching irrigation quantity had both enough made root layer soil fully be irrigated, hold vola moisture in the soil, can not cause because of overirrigation again the drip washing loss of root layer water soluble nutrient simultaneously, cause cotton seedling to lack nutrient.In production, often because of insufficient irrigation, moisture runs off along macrovoid, causes soil moisture deficiency.Show by Experimental Comparison result: clayed ground preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, bad hydraulic permeability, every mu of 55 sides' that drip amount is exactly this equalization point, both the enough soil moistures content of root layer soil had been ensured, can make again soil water soluble nutrient because suitable moisture leaching, within the scope of root layer soil, form the water and nutrient gradient from top to bottom increasing gradually, for the growth of root system induced orientation creates conditions, be unlikely to again excessive nutrient drip washing simultaneously, the scope that shifts out Root Absorption becomes non-available nutrient, and causes damage.
The water of emerging is just filled with next water until cotton enters Sheng flower bud initial bloom stage later, in production, be referred to as a water, time is front and back at the beginning of 6 months generally, according to the growth-development law of cotton, this one-phase main time that cotton root system is grown just before water, along with naturally scattering and disappearing of surface soil water, force cotton root system to be grown to deep subsoil, find the water and nutrient in deep soil, impel root system to the growth in deep soil.By the time of a suitable assurance water, both gave full play to the deep layer inducing action of water and nutrient to root growth, be unlikely to again root layer Soil Drought Stress cotton is damaged.Result of the test shows, at the beginning of 6 months, cotton enters and contains before and after flower bud initial bloom stage, now fills with a water the most suitable.In order to ensure and to promote root system to grow to deep layer, in pouring water, to give the supply of nutrient.The principle of water is to fill with thoroughly, and in production, common phenomenon is a water deficiency, due to the water lift warming effect of mulch film, cause cotton root system to occur shallow table, reunion trend, once there is this problem, even strengthen again irrigation quantity at two water, also be difficult to correct, very big to yield effect.Our research shows, every mu of clayed ground drips 65 side's water, can reach good effect.Meanwhile, the time of dripping should be controlled at 9 hours, within first 4 hours, drips, then adds 5 kgs/acre, urea to drip fertile 1 hour by fertilizer spreading tank, then drip 4 hours.The object of doing is like this, makes Levant Cotton Root layer soil both irrigated fully and soften, and the nutrient simultaneously applying holostrome in root layer soil distributes, again not because filling amount causes greatly drip washing loss.The amount of every mu of 5 kilograms of urea can meet root system upper once pour water before needs to nitrogen nutrient, too much urea occurs can discharge ammonia while conversion in soil, ammonia is poisonous to root system, especially be subject to the tender and lovely root system of drought stress when water, therefore to strictly control the amount of urea, urea amount is too much the major reason of bud drop fallen flowers in producing, and the soil nutrient resiliency absorption of nitrogen being caused due to clay is large, so urea usage amount is more than sandy soil ground.
After water, in June, within every 12 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, urea adds 6 kilograms; Be the stage of cotton growth to nutrient and water demand maximum July, within every 9 days, drips once, and each every mu of 45 sides that drip, execute 7 kilograms, urea for every mu, 3 kilograms of MAPs, 4 kilograms of potassium sulfates; In August, nutrient and water demand is still higher, but has started to slow down, and within every 13 days, drips once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, 4 kilograms, urea; Early September, drip for the last time, every mu of 40 sides that drip, do not apply fertilizer.
Can significantly reduce the decline of the long density of Levant Cotton Root in the term of opening bolls by method irrigation fertilization of the present invention, provide safeguard for the water and nutrient of cotton late growth stage absorbs, reduce fruit abscission rate, significantly improve output of cotton.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure that affects that seedling stage of the present invention, different disposal was grown root, wherein
for conventional treatment;
execute the processing of nitrogen regulation and control for using to pour water;
Fig. 2 is the affect figure of full-bloom stage different disposal of the present invention on root length, wherein
for conventional treatment;
execute the processing of nitrogen regulation and control for using to pour water;
Fig. 3 is the figure that affects that the term of opening bolls of the present invention, different disposal was grown root, wherein
for conventional treatment;
execute the processing of nitrogen regulation and control for using to pour water.
Embodiment
Embodiment
The root system regulation and control of applying fertilizer of having carried out dripping for 2012 on one four nine five Cotton Fields with High Yields that connect of Shihezi, North SinKiang agriculture eight teacher are tested, be clayed ground for examination soil, soil fertility is medium, be new land early No. 26 for examination cotton variety, cropping pattern is that super wide film is planted cotton, 2.05 meters of film webs, one film six row, actually keep a full stand of seedings 13600 plants/acre, adopt under-film drip irrigation fertilizer application mode, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
After planting ooze Miao Shui, every mu of 55 sides that drip of clayed ground;
Water dropper water at the beginning of 6 months; Every mu of 65 sides that drip of clayed ground, the time of dripping is controlled at 9 hours, within first 4 hours, drips, then drips fertile 1 hour, executes 5 kgs/acre, urea, then drips 4 hours;
After water, in June, within every 12 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, 6 kilograms, urea;
July, within every 9 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, 7 kilograms, urea, 3 kilograms of MAPs, 4 kilograms of potassium sulfates;
August, within every 13 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, 4 kilograms, urea; September 12, drip for the last time, every mu of 40 sides that drip, do not apply fertilizer;
In the given amount of dripping, drip the time, if meet overcast and rainy microthermal climate process, suitably delay irrigation period, reduce the amount of dripping;
Two processing are established in test:
Process one for conventional treatment: manage according to the management method of high-yield culturing code;
Process two for water nitrogen regulation and control processing: on conventional treatment basis, adopt method of the present invention to manage; The irrigation fertilization time is as follows:
Root system sampling method: two-way section method, from sampling in the wide region of 70 centimetres of intermembranous centers under irrigate band, concrete grammar is in film, external distance cotton plants 30 centimeters start, from earth's surface vertically downward every 10 centimetres be one deck cutting, until 60 centimetres, and be cut into cube soil block (10 × 10 × 10) cubic centimetre, each the piece soil body digging out is all collected, with 1 millimeter of stainless (steel) wire screening root system of diameter, pick up new formation, intrusive body and non-cotton root material, rinse well rear to be measured with clear water, simultaneously each fritter soil mixes detecting after root system, get soil specimen.
The mensuration of cotton root system morphological index: with scanner by root sample under 200dpi pixel, be scanned into the TIF image file of black and white contrast, the TIF file having scanned calculates the morphological feature indexs such as extent of the root system by DT-SCAN image analysis software (Delta company of Britain, 1.0 editions).
Result of the test:
In different soils level, the distribution situation of root length is to characterize the important index of crop root steric configuration in soil, and the distribution of the longer explanation root system of root length in this soil layer is wider, is more conducive to the absorption of nutrient and water.Result of the test shows, in the time that sample for the first time observation seedling stage (Fig. 1), conventional treatment and short control are little in conjunction with the root length difference between processing, but in the time that full-bloom stage samples (Fig. 2), show obvious difference, 0-10cm place root length difference is little, but in the following soil layer of 20cm, the regulation and control of water nitrogen are processed all higher than conventional treatment, and the downward growth that can promote significantly cotton root system by the regulation and control of water nitrogen is described; The term of opening bolls, sampling result showed (Fig. 3), can significantly reduce the decline of the long density of Levant Cotton Root in the term of opening bolls by method water nitrogen regulation and control of the present invention, provided guarantee for the water and nutrient of cotton late growth stage absorbs.
Claims (1)
1. execute a nitrogen regulation and control clayed ground under-film drip irrigation cotton root system configuration method by pouring water, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the cotton growth stage time of infertility in cotton the adjusting of irrigation quantity, watering period and amount of nitrogen, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, after planting ooze Miao Shui, every mu of 55 sides that drip;
B, water dropper water at the beginning of 6 months; Every mu of 65 sides that drip, the time of dripping is controlled at 9 hours, after within first 4 hours, dripping, then drips fertilizer by fertilizer spreading tank, adds 5 kgs/acre, urea, drips fertile 1 hour, and then drips 4 hours;
After c, a water, in June, within every 12 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, execute 6 kilograms, urea;
D, July, within every 9 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, execute 7 kilograms, urea, 3 kilograms of MAPs, 4 kilograms of potassium sulfates;
E, August, within every 13 days, drip once, each every mu of 45 sides that drip, execute 4 kilograms, urea;
F, September, early and middle ten days, dripped for the last time, every mu of 40 sides that drip.
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| CN104938200B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-03-01 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Xinjiang South Sinkiang cotton region broadcast before non-winter irrigation or non-spring irrigation continuous cropping Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation water-saving seedling method |
| CN107624595B (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2020-05-12 | 石河子大学 | High-yield water-saving cultivation method for cotton in arid region |
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| CN101558715A (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2009-10-21 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cotton high yield growing method by intercropping apricot and cotton along the circle of Tarim Basin |
| CN102487693A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 新疆农垦科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for planting precocious upland cotton variety in precocious cotton area |
| CN102696385A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-03 | 石河子大学 | Cultivation method of mulched drip irrigation hybrid cotton with superhigh yield |
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| CN101558715A (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2009-10-21 | 西北农林科技大学 | Cotton high yield growing method by intercropping apricot and cotton along the circle of Tarim Basin |
| CN102487693A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 新疆农垦科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for planting precocious upland cotton variety in precocious cotton area |
| CN102696385A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-03 | 石河子大学 | Cultivation method of mulched drip irrigation hybrid cotton with superhigh yield |
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| Response of cotton to water and nitrogen in a tropical environment: I. Frequency of watering and method of application of nitrogen;Hearn A B;《The Journal of Agricultural Science》;19751231;第84卷(第3期);第407-417页 * |
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Effective date of registration: 20190311 Address after: No. 151, 3 Beixinjiajie Building, 41 Dongsanlu District, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000 Patentee after: Xinjiang Zhongnong Hongyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 830011 No. 40, Beijing South Road, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 3 Patentee before: Xinjiang Institute of ecology and geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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