CN104757256A - Fermentation method capable of improving biological protein content of yellow maize straw - Google Patents
Fermentation method capable of improving biological protein content of yellow maize straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN104757256A CN104757256A CN201510179951.4A CN201510179951A CN104757256A CN 104757256 A CN104757256 A CN 104757256A CN 201510179951 A CN201510179951 A CN 201510179951A CN 104757256 A CN104757256 A CN 104757256A
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- fermentation
- marasmius
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermented straw feed and provides a fermentation method capable of improving the biological protein content of yellow maize straw for solving the problems that the yellow maize straw is low in protein content, poor in quality, unbalanced in protein and low in nutritive value, and can not be easily used as herbivorous livestock feed. The method comprises the steps of fermenting the yellow maize straw by using ultraviolet irradiation induced strain of marasmius salicicola, wherein the marasmius salicicola is picked from Changbai mountains, wherein ultraviolet purification and rejuvenation cultivation are carried out in a laboratory to screen out high-activity strains for the fermented maize straw strain. In the high-activity strains, the enzyme activity of carboxymethyl cellulase is detected to be 167.0mmol/ml; the mycelium is thick and strong; through plate cultivation, the strains can grow all over the whole plate one day earlier than oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms; the varietal characteristic query and laboratory analysis prove that the strains are non-toxic. The fermented maize straw is white yellow, the fermented material is firm in fungus blocks, and the white mycelium is thick and has strong mushroom flavor; the biological protein (true protein) content is at least improved by 2%, and the true protein content averagely reaches 6.87%; the fermented feed is good in effect when used for fattening lambs.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to straw fermented feed technical field, be specifically related to a kind of fermentation process improving yellow maize stalks biological protein content.
Background technology
Along with China's expanding economy living standards of the people improve constantly, meat, eggs and milk demand strengthens day by day, and the proportion that feed grain accounts for national total output of grain is by rising to present more than 40% about 20% of the beginning of the eighties in last century; China has a large population and a few land, and feed grain breach is huge, utilizes stalk, poor slag to develop herbvore poultry and ensures that choice meat food supply is the important decision of national food security.It is estimated, compared with raising pigs, often produce 1,000 ten thousand tons of beef and mutton and can save 8,000 ten thousand ton-grain foods.And population constantly increases, plough and constantly reduce, the bottleneck that the situation of China's feed grain critical shortage will become sustainable development of animal husbandry and living standards of the people and steadily improves.
Devoting Major Efforts To Developing stalk, poor slag resource, actively promote herbivorous stock raising and solve being the fundamental way that people and animals strive grain.Be respectively 613.4 ten thousand tons, 382.6 ten thousand tons by China's beef or mutton total output in 2007,8,964 ten thousand tons can be saved food, be equivalent to increase by 2.96 hundred million mu, arable land.According to " national food security medium-term and long-term plans outline (2008-2020) " related data, the proportion occupying people's consumption of meat total amount to the consumption of the year two thousand twenty beef and mutton will be increased to 16%.Grass is that the fast development of animal husbandry needs stalk, the exploitation of residual forage supports, and the not treated not only palatability of stalk is poor, and nutritive value is very low, and utilization ratio is limited.
But the not treated not only palatability of stalk is poor, and nutritive value is very low, and utilization ratio is limited.The conventional physical method of corn stalk mainly contain hand hay cutter short, rub, pulverize, to a certain degree improving palatability, improve digestion effect, but fundamentally can not break the crosslinked structure of fiber.Conventional chemical method has ammoniation process, alkalization method, but nonprotein nitrogen rapid decomposition in cattle and sheep cud that ammoniated straw contains easily causes poisoning, and alkalization stalk palatability is poor, and has corrosivity.Conventional biological method mainly contains microbiological anaerobic fermentation method and aerobic fermentation method; Anaerobic fermentation is ensiling mainly, and ensiling is used for the maintenance of dark green straw nutrition composition, has little effect to yellow stalk; The report of aerobic fermentation is a lot, such as aspergillus niger, whiterot fungi, Trichoderma viride, basidiomycetes etc., though aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride fermenting speed are fast but be easy to the mould composite pollutions such as poisonous mould, whiterot fungi, that most of basidiomycetes sends out the bacterium time is oversize, and ferment effect and production application are apart from very far away.
Willow Marasmius (
marasmiussalicicola) belong to Basidiomycotina, Agaricales, Bai Mo section, Marasmius.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve, yellow maize stalk protein content is low, of poor quality, calorie-protein is uneven in the present invention, is of low nutritive value, and is difficult to the problem being used as herbivorous stock raising feed, provides a kind of fermentation process improving yellow maize stalks biological protein content.
The present invention is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of fermentation process improving yellow maize stalks biological protein content, adopts willow Marasmius ultraviolet radiation mutagenesis bacterial classification to yellow maize stalk fermentation, wherein:
The preparation process of 1.1 willow Marasmius bacterial classifications is: willow Marasmius, gathers from Changbai Mountain, and laboratory is cultivated through ultraviolet purification and rejuvenation, filters out high dynamic strain for maize straw fermented bacterium;
1.2 medium preparing:
Mother culture media: with potato 20g in every 100ml water, glucose 2g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.3g, magnesium sulfate 0.15g, VB 10mg, agar 1.5g, pH=6.5; Regular bevel is cultivated;
Original seed, produce kind of a culture medium: cotton seed hull 60%, wheat bran 25%, corn flour 11%, ammonium sulfate 2%, white sugar l.3%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%, pH=6.5; Pack with polypropylene plastic film, sterilizing, prepared by conventional method;
Fermentation medium: corn stalk powder 75%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 4%, urea 0.5%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.3%; PH=6.5-7.0; Add water until water content reaches 60%-65%, raw material is mixed thoroughly, covered rearing with plastic film after piling up, and spontaneous fermentation 24 hours is for subsequent use;
1.3 inoculations: female kind, original seed, production kind expand bacterial classification amount step by step, finally production kind is 8%-10% in the inoculum concentration of fermentation medium, covered rearing with plastic film after inoculation; Fermentation temperature: 25-28 DEG C, fermentation medium water content is 60%-65%; Fermentation 8-13 days.
The enzyme activity that described willow Marasmius high dynamic strain detects carboxymethylcelluloenzyme enzyme CMCase is 167.0 mmol/ml; Through breediness inquiry and lab analysis, mycelia is sturdy confirms that bacterial classification is nontoxic.In described fermentation medium, corn stalk powder (section) is 0.5-1 centimetre.Described original seed, production kind culture medium and fermentation medium all calculate according to percentage by weight.
Laboratory is cultivated through ultraviolet purification and rejuvenation, filters out high dynamic strain for maize straw fermented bacterium.Through willow Marasmius bacterial strain carboxymethylcelluloenzyme enzyme (CMCase) enzyme activity 167.0 mmol/ml cultivated, cellulolytic ability is strong; Mycelia is sturdy, fast growth, and mycelian protein content is high; Confirm that this bacterial classification is nontoxic through breediness inquiry and lab analysis, mycelium has very high nutritive value.Slat chain conveyor flat mushroom, mushroom cover with 8.5cm plate needed 5-7 days time, and willow Marasmius high dynamic strain slat chain conveyor of the present invention covers with 8.5cm plate needs 4-6 days time, than fast 1 day of flat mushroom, mushroom.
Fermentation results shows: maize straw is after the fermentation of willow Marasmius, and corn stalk is in white yellow, and fermentation material bacterium block is hard, and the mycelium of white is dense, has strong mushroom fragrance; Bioprotein (true albumen) content at least improves 2%, and true protein content on average can reach 6.87%.
The present invention significantly improves cornstalk biological albumen (true albumen) content, and palatability is improved, lamb fattening Be very effective.Zymotechnique is aerobic fermentation, and zymotechnique is simple, and yeast phase is short, is applicable to vast agriculture district and sheep raising field, pastoral area and sheep raising peasant household self manufacture, is also suitable for large-scale production.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: a kind of fermentation process improving yellow maize stalks biological protein content, with willow Marasmius ultraviolet radiation mutagenesis bacterial classification to yellow maize stalk fermentation, wherein:
The preparation process of 1.1 willow Marasmius bacterial classifications is: willow Marasmius, gathers from Changbai Mountain, and laboratory is cultivated through ultraviolet purification and rejuvenation, filters out high dynamic strain for maize straw fermented bacterium;
1.2 medium preparing:
Mother culture media: often 100ml water is with potato 20g, glucose 2g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.3g, magnesium sulfate 0.15g, VB 10mg, agar 1.5g, pH=6.5; Regular bevel is cultivated;
Original seed, produce kind of a culture medium: cotton seed hull 60%, wheat bran 25%, corn flour 11%, ammonium sulfate 2%, white sugar l.3%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K
2hPO
4) 0.2%, magnesium sulfate (MgSO
4) 0.5%, pH=6.5; Pack with polypropylene plastic film, sterilizing, prepared by conventional method;
Fermentation medium: corn stalk powder 75%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 4%, urea 0.5%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.3%; PH=6.5-7.0; Add water until water content reaches 60%-65%, raw material is mixed thoroughly, covered rearing with plastic film after piling up, and spontaneous fermentation 24 hours is for subsequent use;
1.3 inoculations: female kind, original seed, production kind expand bacterial classification amount step by step, finally production kind is 8%-10% in the inoculum concentration of fermentation medium, covered rearing with plastic film after inoculation; Fermentation temperature: 25-28 DEG C, fermentation medium water content is 60%-65%; Fermentation 8-13 days.
The enzyme activity that described willow Marasmius high dynamic strain detects carboxymethylcelluloenzyme enzyme CMCase is 167.0 mmol/ml; Through breediness inquiry and lab analysis, mycelia is sturdy confirms that bacterial classification is nontoxic.In described fermentation medium, corn stalk powder (section) is 0.5-1 centimetre.Described original seed, production kind culture medium and fermentation medium all calculate according to percentage by weight.
Laboratory is cultivated through ultraviolet purification and rejuvenation, filters out high dynamic strain for maize straw fermented bacterium.Through willow Marasmius bacterial strain carboxymethylcelluloenzyme enzyme (CMCase) enzyme activity 167.0 mmol/ml cultivated, cellulolytic ability is strong; Mycelia is sturdy, fast growth, and mycelian protein content is high; Confirm that this bacterial classification is nontoxic through breediness inquiry and lab analysis, mycelium has very high nutritive value.Slat chain conveyor flat mushroom, mushroom cover with 8.5cm plate needed 5-7 days time, and willow Marasmius high dynamic strain slat chain conveyor of the present invention covers with 8.5cm plate needs 4-6 days time, than fast 1 day of flat mushroom, mushroom.
Fermentation results shows: yellow maize stalk is after the fermentation of willow Marasmius, and corn stalk is in white yellow, and fermentation material bacterium block is hard, and the mycelium of white is dense, has strong mushroom fragrance; Bioprotein (true albumen) content at least improves 2%, and true protein content on average can reach 6.87%; Nutrient content analysis in table 1.
nutrient content mutation analysis before and after the fermentation of table 1 maize straw
| Raw material | Crude fiber content % | Crude fibre increases and decreases | True protein content % | True albumen increase and decrease |
| Yellow maize stalk fermentation material | 32.83 | -0.27 | 6.87 | +2.25 |
| Yellow maize straw | 33.10 | 4.62 |
Embodiment 2: tiling fermentation
Improve a fermentation process for yellow maize stalks biological protein content, the preparation method of willow Marasmius bacterial classification, the preparation of culture medium are with the preparation of willow Marasmius bacterial classification described in embodiment 1 and the preparation method of culture medium.Corn straw smashing, granularity is 0.5-1cm; Concrete ratio is corn stalk powder 75%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 4%, urea 0.5%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) 0.2%, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) 0.3%; Regulate pH=6.5-7.0; Add water until feed moisture content reaches 60%-65%, after raw material is mixed thoroughly, covered rearing with plastic film after piling up, spontaneous fermentation heats up sterilizing in 24 hours, for subsequent use; Raw material through nature intensification sterilizing ferments on ground or fermentation bed tiling, spreading for cooling raw material before inoculation, producing kind of the bacterium block breaking into 1-2cm, evenly spreads bacterial classification in the feed when material temperature is down to below 28 DEG C, or one deck raw material one deck bacterial classification broadcasts sowing, and application rate is the 8%-10% of raw material; Raw material will keep fluffy ventilative, and the lower 25 DEG C of fermentations of surface temperature about 13 days, mycelia is covered with culture medium and can airing preserve.
Embodiment 3: frame ferments
Improve a fermentation process for yellow maize stalks biological protein content, the preparation method of willow Marasmius bacterial classification, the preparation of culture medium are with the preparation of willow Marasmius bacterial classification described in embodiment 1 and the preparation method of culture medium.The raw material handled well frames up while inoculate, and application rate is the 8%-10% of raw material; Frame fermentation needs the fermentation bed arranging 5-6 layer, fermentation basket is placed in fermentation bed, multilayer frame fermentation good permeability, sweat can produce heat, be conducive to keeping higher temperature, but temperature will be avoided too high, notice that water spray increases humidity simultaneously, 28 DEG C ferment about 8 days, and mycelia is covered with culture medium and can airing preserve.
Experimental example 1: feeding effect
In order to prove " yellow maize straw fermented feed " of the present invention effect in mutton sheep lamb fattening feeding process further, applicant carried out fattening lamb feeding experiment on September 5th, 2013 to November 25 at experiment Yang Chang, test group and control group often organize lamb 30, and age, sex, body weight are basically identical; Compound fine fodder every lamb every day is fed 0.5kg; Roughage free choice feeding, test group is fed the corn stalk of maize straw fermented feed, the equal grinding particle size of control group fed, and 80 days experimental periods, result of the test is in table 2.
table 2 maize straw fermented feed is fed lamb fattening effect analysis
Claims (3)
1. improve a fermentation process for yellow maize stalks biological protein content, it is characterized in that: with willow Marasmius ultraviolet radiation mutagenesis bacterial classification to yellow maize stalk fermentation, wherein:
The preparation process of 1.1 willow Marasmius bacterial classifications is: willow Marasmius, gathers from Changbai Mountain, and laboratory is cultivated through ultraviolet purification and rejuvenation, filters out high dynamic strain for maize straw fermented bacterium;
1.2 medium preparing:
Mother culture media: often 100ml water is with potato 20g, glucose 2g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.3g, magnesium sulfate 0.15g, VB 10mg, agar 1.5g, pH=6.5; Inclined-plane is cultivated;
Original seed, produce kind of a culture medium: cotton seed hull 60%, wheat bran 25%, corn flour 11%, ammonium sulfate 2%, white sugar l.3%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%, pH=6.5; Pack with polypropylene plastic film, sterilizing;
Fermentation medium: corn stalk powder 75%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 4%, urea 0.5%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.3%; PH=6.5-7.0; Add water until water content reaches 60%-65%, raw material is mixed thoroughly, covered rearing with plastic film after piling up, and spontaneous fermentation 24 hours is for subsequent use;
1.3 inoculations: female kind, original seed, production kind expand bacterial classification amount step by step, finally production kind is 8%-10% in the inoculum concentration of fermentation medium, covered rearing with plastic film after inoculation; Fermentation temperature: 25-28 DEG C, fermentation 8-13 days.
2. a kind of fermentation process improving yellow maize stalks biological protein content according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the enzyme activity that described willow Marasmius high dynamic strain detects carboxymethylcelluloenzyme enzyme CMCase is 167.0 mmol/ml.
3. a kind of fermentation process improving yellow maize stalks biological protein content according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described fermentation medium, corn stalk powder is 0.5-1 centimetre.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114190475A (en) * | 2021-12-04 | 2022-03-18 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | Straw fermented feed and production method thereof |
| CN115191515A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-18 | 南京高新工大生物技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of functional straw fermented feed |
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| CN1460423A (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2003-12-10 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Production method of straw and stalk microbial fermented feed |
| CN101401615A (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2009-04-08 | 肖军 | Preparation method for preparing stalk protein feedstuff with microorganism stalk leaven |
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2015
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1460423A (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2003-12-10 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Production method of straw and stalk microbial fermented feed |
| CN101401615A (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2009-04-08 | 肖军 | Preparation method for preparing stalk protein feedstuff with microorganism stalk leaven |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 余伯良: "《微生物饲料生产技术》", 30 November 1993, 中国轻工业出版社 * |
| 唐秀芝等: "《粮饲兼用玉米与饲料加工技术》", 28 February 1998, 科学出版社 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114190475A (en) * | 2021-12-04 | 2022-03-18 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | Straw fermented feed and production method thereof |
| CN115191515A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-18 | 南京高新工大生物技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of functional straw fermented feed |
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Application publication date: 20150708 |