CN104754956B - 用于保护生物活性剂的基质和层组合物 - Google Patents
用于保护生物活性剂的基质和层组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104754956B CN104754956B CN201380047090.3A CN201380047090A CN104754956B CN 104754956 B CN104754956 B CN 104754956B CN 201380047090 A CN201380047090 A CN 201380047090A CN 104754956 B CN104754956 B CN 104754956B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- acid
- bioactivator
- polymer
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- PICCHNWCTUUCAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypentanethioic s-acid Chemical class CCCC(O)C(O)=S PICCHNWCTUUCAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013406 prebiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 73
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 64
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 46
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 29
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 27
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 27
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 25
- 239000007931 coated granule Substances 0.000 description 24
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 23
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 20
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 19
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 17
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 17
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 14
- 229960004452 methionine Drugs 0.000 description 14
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 12
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 210000003165 abomasum Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N trans-lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 235000019519 canola oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000828 canola oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002561 ketenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1COCCO1 VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KKAJSJJFBSOMGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=C(N)C=C2[N+](C)=C(C=C(N)C=C3)C3=CC2=C1 KKAJSJJFBSOMGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005940 Centaurea cyanus Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000004385 Centaurea cyanus Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BXZVVICBKDXVGW-NKWVEPMBSA-N Didanosine Chemical compound O1[C@H](CO)CC[C@@H]1N1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 BXZVVICBKDXVGW-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N Erythromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N GCG Natural products C=1C(O)=C(O)C(O)=CC=1C1OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2CC1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ANVAOWXLWRTKGA-XHGAXZNDSA-N all-trans-alpha-carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1C(C)=CCCC1(C)C ANVAOWXLWRTKGA-XHGAXZNDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940076134 benzene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012867 bioactive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000012680 lutein Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001656 lutein Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960005375 lutein Drugs 0.000 description 4
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N lutein Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=C[C@H](O)CC1(C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ORAKUVXRZWMARG-WZLJTJAWSA-N lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C ORAKUVXRZWMARG-WZLJTJAWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 4
- HCZKYJDFEPMADG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nordihydroguaiaretic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1CC(C)C(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 HCZKYJDFEPMADG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002905 orthoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 4
- IRDAKMLOSKOTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane piperazine Chemical compound N1CCNCC1.P IRDAKMLOSKOTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940080313 sodium starch Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229960005137 succinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 4
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1O MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N xanthophyll Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C=C(C)C(O)CC2(C)C FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(C=C2O[C@@H]1C=1C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-JLGXGRJMSA-N (3R,3'R)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-JLGXGRJMSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JTEJPPKMYBDEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxytryptamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCN)C2=C1 JTEJPPKMYBDEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 3
- SLQHGWZKKZPZEK-JKEZLOPUSA-N Citranaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C(=O)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SLQHGWZKKZPZEK-JKEZLOPUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Coenzym Q10 Natural products COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydropyran Chemical compound C1COC=CC1 BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000006927 Foeniculum vulgare Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000004204 Foeniculum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 3
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000288561 Torulaspora delbrueckii Species 0.000 description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LQFQNGICSA-N Z-zeaxanthin Natural products C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LQFQNGICSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QOPRSMDTRDMBNK-RNUUUQFGSA-N Zeaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCC(O)C1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C QOPRSMDTRDMBNK-RNUUUQFGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DVICWXUADSCSLL-GUPSQEAKSA-N all-trans-Alloxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C#CC1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C#CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C DVICWXUADSCSLL-GUPSQEAKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LOFNIBRQSA-N all-trans-Zeaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 description 3
- TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N beta-carotene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=CCCCC2(C)C TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002747 betacarotene Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 229940106164 cephalexin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ZAIPMKNFIOOWCQ-UEKVPHQBSA-N cephalexin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C)C(O)=O)=CC=CC=C1 ZAIPMKNFIOOWCQ-UEKVPHQBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000017471 coenzyme Q10 Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960002656 didanosine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-IUODEOHRSA-N epi-Gallocatechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-IUODEOHRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940030275 epigallocatechin gallate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HRQKOYFGHJYEFS-RZWPOVEWSA-N gamma-carotene Natural products C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=1C(C)(C)CCCC=1C)\C)/C)\C)(\C=C\C=C(/CC/C=C(\C)/C)\C)/C HRQKOYFGHJYEFS-RZWPOVEWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N gamma-linolenic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000020664 gamma-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960002449 glycine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229960002885 histidine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012661 lycopene Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960003646 lysine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000021290 n-3 DPA Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000021315 omega 9 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001688 paprika extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012658 paprika extract Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960005190 phenylalanine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229960002898 threonine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004799 tryptophan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004295 valine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 235000010930 zeaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001775 zeaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940043269 zeaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 3
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N (-)-ephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODGGKCNQKSEQNL-CWBMHJDKSA-N (1r)-4-[(1e,3z,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-18-[(1r,4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-7,12,16-trimethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\CO)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=C[C@H](O)CC1(C)C ODGGKCNQKSEQNL-CWBMHJDKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1.O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1 QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DWNBOPVKNPVNQG-LURJTMIESA-N (2s)-4-hydroxy-2-(propylamino)butanoic acid Chemical compound CCCN[C@H](C(O)=O)CCO DWNBOPVKNPVNQG-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](OC2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYIRVAXUEZSDNC-TXDLOWMYSA-N (3R,3'S,5'R)-3,3'-dihydroxy-beta-kappa-caroten-6'-one Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)[C@]1(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C VYIRVAXUEZSDNC-TXDLOWMYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQGMPXYVZZCNDQ-KBPWROHVSA-N (8E,10E,12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C=C/C=C/CCCCCCC(O)=O DQGMPXYVZZCNDQ-KBPWROHVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9Z,11E,13E)-9,11,13-Octadecatrienoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-BGDVVUGTSA-N (9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C/C=C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-BGDVVUGTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamyl alcohol Chemical compound OC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-WUTVXBCWSA-N (R)-rosmarinic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)\C=C\C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-WUTVXBCWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRUQARLMFOLRDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-1-butanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1O SRUQARLMFOLRDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004343 1-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCCILVSKPBXVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 YCCILVSKPBXVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SGUAFYQXFOLMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(C(N)=O)=CC=1C(O)CNC(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 SGUAFYQXFOLMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXWDVHRXEIKSBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenyl-1h-quinolin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C(C=C)=CC2=C1 DXWDVHRXEIKSBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone Chemical compound CC=1OC=CC(=O)C=1O XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIFPCDRPHCQLSJ-WYIJOVFWSA-N 4,8,12,15,19-Docosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C\CC\C=C\C\C=C\CC\C=C\CC\C=C\CCC(O)=O PIFPCDRPHCQLSJ-WYIJOVFWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZTAMFZIAATZDJ-HNNXBMFYSA-N 5-o-ethyl 3-o-methyl (4s)-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RZTAMFZIAATZDJ-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000282979 Alces alces Species 0.000 description 2
- DVICWXUADSCSLL-DDEWRDOISA-N Alloxanthin/Tetradehydrozeaxanthin/(Cynthiaxanthin)/(Pectenoxanthin) Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1C#CC(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)C#CC1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C DVICWXUADSCSLL-DDEWRDOISA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 2
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N Astaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC2(C)C JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002498 Beta-glucan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000186148 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283730 Bos primigenius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQGMPXYVZZCNDQ-UVZPLDOLSA-N Calendinsaeure Natural products CCCCCC=C/C=C/C=C/CCCCCCC(=O)O DQGMPXYVZZCNDQ-UVZPLDOLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005881 Calendula officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000001432 Calendula officinalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282836 Camelus dromedarius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 2
- VYIRVAXUEZSDNC-LOFNIBRQSA-N Capsanthyn Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC(=O)C2(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C VYIRVAXUEZSDNC-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 description 2
- BAVONGHXFVOKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carveol Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CC=C(C)C(O)C1 BAVONGHXFVOKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010369 Cascara Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013912 Ceratonia siliqua Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008886 Ceratonia siliqua Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010523 Cicer arietinum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000045195 Cicer arietinum Species 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004217 Citranaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 2
- PIFPCDRPHCQLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clupanodonic acid Natural products CCC=CCCC=CCC=CCCC=CCCC=CCCC(O)=O PIFPCDRPHCQLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000252203 Clupea harengus Species 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JTBLXSOISA-N Crocetin Natural products OC(=O)C(\C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(/C)C(O)=O PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JTBLXSOISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000235646 Cyberlindnera jadinii Species 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-AMTYYWEZSA-N Digoxin Natural products O([C@H]1[C@H](C)O[C@H](O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@@H]4[C@H]([C@]5(O)[C@](C)([C@H](O)C4)[C@H](C4=CC(=O)OC4)CC5)CC3)CC2)C[C@@H]1O)[C@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C2)[C@@H](O)C1 LTMHDMANZUZIPE-AMTYYWEZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVNVIBOWBAPFOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinoxanthin Natural products CC1(O)CC(OC(=O)C)CC(C)(C)C1=C=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1(C(CC(O)C2)(C)C)C2(C)O1 PVNVIBOWBAPFOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021292 Docosatetraenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000194031 Enterococcus faecium Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000001381 Eschscholzia californica Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004258 Ethoxyquin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000004281 Eucalyptus maculata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000556215 Frangula purshiana Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000168141 Geotrichum candidum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017388 Geotrichum candidum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Geraniol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282819 Giraffa Species 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000003239 Guizotia abyssinica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007058 Halophila ovalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000286779 Hansenula anomala Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014683 Hansenula anomala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JUUBCHWRXWPFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxytyrosol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JUUBCHWRXWPFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209035 Ilex Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003325 Ilex Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100039386 Ketimine reductase mu-crystallin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Epigallocatechin Natural products OC1CC2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2OC1C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 XMOCLSLCDHWDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000199866 Lactobacillus casei Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013958 Lactobacillus casei Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000772180 Lithobates catesbeianus Transthyretin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- SJIHBBFQZMANOC-BNWQYAEJSA-N Loroxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(CO)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)CO SJIHBBFQZMANOC-BNWQYAEJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGVXBZXEFXMRGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lycopersene Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C BGVXBZXEFXMRGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000179291 Mahonia aquifolium Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003910 Mitchella repens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000273245 Mitchella repens Species 0.000 description 2
- BATFHSIVMJJJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morindone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1O BATFHSIVMJJJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000009023 Myrrhis odorata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007265 Myrrhis odorata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UTGQNNCQYDRXCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound C=1C=C(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 UTGQNNCQYDRXCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZBBHBTPTTSWHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicardipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ZBBHBTPTTSWHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000009328 Perro Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000009164 Petroselinum crispum Species 0.000 description 2
- OOUTWVMJGMVRQF-DOYZGLONSA-N Phoenicoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)CCC2(C)C OOUTWVMJGMVRQF-DOYZGLONSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000003889 Piper guineense Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N R-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001123227 Saccharomyces pastorianus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000082988 Secale cereale Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015125 Sterculia urens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000001058 Sterculia urens Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000223014 Syzygium aromaticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005844 Thymol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000002657 Thymus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- DKJJVAGXPKPDRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tiludronic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C(P(O)(O)=O)SC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DKJJVAGXPKPDRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NESPPCWGYRQEJQ-AGUCYFRTSA-N Torularhodin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C(=O)O NESPPCWGYRQEJQ-AGUCYFRTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014681 Torulaspora delbrueckii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZVKXPPXCNUMUOR-IKYXTRRCSA-N Trollichrome Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C1OC2(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)C2=C1)C=CC=C(/C)C=C=C3C(C)(C)CC(O)CC3(C)O ZVKXPPXCNUMUOR-IKYXTRRCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 241001452678 Wickerhamomyces canadensis Species 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N adrenaline Chemical compound CNCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNHQEUFMIKRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aesculetin Natural products C1CC(=O)OC2=C1C=C(O)C(O)=C2 QNHQEUFMIKRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUAFOGOEJLSQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aesculetin dimethyl ether Natural products C1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 GUAFOGOEJLSQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DVICWXUADSCSLL-PJQROKOUSA-N alloxanthin Chemical compound CC=1CC(O)CC(C)(C)C=1C#CC(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)C#CC1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C DVICWXUADSCSLL-PJQROKOUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGODOXYLBBXFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 IGODOXYLBBXFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011795 alpha-carotene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003903 alpha-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ANVAOWXLWRTKGA-HLLMEWEMSA-N alpha-carotene Natural products C(=C\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=1C(C)(C)CCCC=1C)/C)\C)(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/[C@H]1C(C)=CCCC1(C)C)\C)/C ANVAOWXLWRTKGA-HLLMEWEMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QDHUQRBYCVAWEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N amino prop-2-enoate Chemical class NOC(=O)C=C QDHUQRBYCVAWEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthranilic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003121 arginine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000009697 arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005261 aspartic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RASZIXQTZOARSV-BDPUVYQTSA-N astacin Chemical compound CC=1C(=O)C(=O)CC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)C(=O)CC1(C)C RASZIXQTZOARSV-BDPUVYQTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013793 astaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001168 astaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 2
- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940022405 astaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004099 azithromycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N azithromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)N(C)C[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-VEHQQRBSSA-N aztreonam Chemical compound O=C1N(S([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)C(=N/OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)\C1=CSC([NH3+])=N1 WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-VEHQQRBSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MDKCFLQDBWCQCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound S=C=NCC1=CC=CC=C1 MDKCFLQDBWCQCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N beta-Tocopherol Natural products OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FDSDTBUPSURDBL-LOFNIBRQSA-N canthaxanthin Chemical compound CC=1C(=O)CCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C FDSDTBUPSURDBL-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000018889 capsanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WRANYHFEXGNSND-LOFNIBRQSA-N capsanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC(=O)C2(C)CCC(O)C2(C)C WRANYHFEXGNSND-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N captopril Chemical compound SC[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O FAKRSMQSSFJEIM-RQJHMYQMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000830 captopril Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000002327 cardiovascular agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940125692 cardiovascular agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JUMCEFIXSA-N carotenoid dicarboxylic acid Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C(=O)O)C=CC=C(/C)C(=O)O PANKHBYNKQNAHN-JUMCEFIXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940071704 cascara sagrada Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OLVCFLKTBJRLHI-AXAPSJFSSA-N cefamandole Chemical compound CN1N=NN=C1SCC1=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)[C@H]2SC1 OLVCFLKTBJRLHI-AXAPSJFSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003012 cefamandole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001139 cefazolin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MLYYVTUWGNIJIB-BXKDBHETSA-N cefazolin Chemical compound S1C(C)=NN=C1SCC1=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN3N=NN=C3)[C@H]2SC1 MLYYVTUWGNIJIB-BXKDBHETSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005090 cefpodoxime Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WYUSVOMTXWRGEK-HBWVYFAYSA-N cefpodoxime Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(CS2)COC)C(O)=O)C(=O)C(=N/OC)\C1=CSC(N)=N1 WYUSVOMTXWRGEK-HBWVYFAYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NCEXYHBECQHGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl421 Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)S(=O)(=O)NC=2N=CC=CC=2)=C1 NCEXYHBECQHGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DXXUGBPKQDTBQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L chlorisondamine Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C2=C1C[N+](CC[N+](C)(C)C)(C)C2 DXXUGBPKQDTBQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229950002565 chlorisondamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003291 chlorphenamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RTIXKCRFFJGDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=CC=C1 RTIXKCRFFJGDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ciprofloxacin Chemical compound C12=CC(N3CCNCC3)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVSVTCFNLSGAMM-KGBODLQUSA-N cis-phytofluene Natural products CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CC=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/CCC=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)C)C)C)C OVSVTCFNLSGAMM-KGBODLQUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019247 citranaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PRDJTOVRIHGKNU-ZWERVMMHSA-N citranaxanthin Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C PRDJTOVRIHGKNU-ZWERVMMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PRDJTOVRIHGKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N citranaxanthine Natural products CC(=O)C=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C PRDJTOVRIHGKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEHNMFOYXAPHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N citronellal Chemical compound O=CCC(C)CCC=C(C)C NEHNMFOYXAPHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N coenzyme Q10 Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PANKHBYNKQNAHN-MQQNZMFNSA-N crocetin Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)C(O)=O PANKHBYNKQNAHN-MQQNZMFNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000913 crospovidone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229960002433 cysteine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- WCNLFPKXBGWWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N datiscetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=CC=C1O WCNLFPKXBGWWDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N digoxin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@@H]5[C@H]([C@]6(CC[C@@H]([C@@]6(C)[C@H](O)C5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)C[C@@H]2O)C)C[C@@H]1O LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005156 digoxin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N digoxine Natural products C1C(O)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C(C)OC(OC2C(OC(OC3CC4C(C5C(C6(CCC(C6(C)C(O)C5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)CC2O)C)CC1O LTMHDMANZUZIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HOBAELRKJCKHQD-QNEBEIHSSA-N dihomo-γ-linolenic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCC(O)=O HOBAELRKJCKHQD-QNEBEIHSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L diphosphonate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)OP([O-])=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IZEKFCXSFNUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyridamole Chemical compound C=12N=C(N(CCO)CCO)N=C(N3CCCCC3)C2=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1N1CCCCC1 IZEKFCXSFNUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002768 dipyridamole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000020669 docosahexaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003276 erythromycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ILEDWLMCKZNDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N esculetin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C=C(O)C(O)=C2 ILEDWLMCKZNDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019285 ethoxyquin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940093500 ethoxyquin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyquin Chemical compound N1C(C)(C)C=C(C)C2=CC(OCC)=CC=C21 DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFPFQHQNJCMNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl gallate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 VFPFQHQNJCMNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001761 ethyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010944 ethyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CBOQJANXLMLOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl vanillin Chemical compound CCOC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O CBOQJANXLMLOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003580 felodipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002213 flavones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Linolensaeure Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002733 gamolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002989 glutamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000004554 glutamine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002743 glutamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960001632 labetalol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940017800 lactobacillus casei Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003136 leucine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- BGVXBZXEFXMRGJ-DPOFWPLISA-N lycopaoctaene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C BGVXBZXEFXMRGJ-DPOFWPLISA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960002510 mandelic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VAMXMNNIEUEQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl anthranilate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N VAMXMNNIEUEQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019508 mustard seed Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWUZCAVKPCRJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-4-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(NCC)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=C(C)C=C2S1 KWUZCAVKPCRJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- OWAAYLVMANNJOG-OAKWGMHJSA-N neoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C=C1C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC23OC2(C)CC(O)CC3(C)C OWAAYLVMANNJOG-OAKWGMHJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000808 netilmicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZBGPYVZLYBDXKO-HILBYHGXSA-N netilmycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](N)C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O[C@@H]1[C@]([C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)CO1)(C)O)NCC)[C@H]1OC(CN)=CC[C@H]1N ZBGPYVZLYBDXKO-HILBYHGXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001783 nicardipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nifedipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001597 nifedipine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001699 ofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=O VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N papaverine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CC1=NC=CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C12 XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019371 penicillin G benzathine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940056360 penicillin g Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUMOYJJNUMEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N perillyl aldehyde Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C=O)=CC1 RUMOYJJNUMEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001999 phentolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MRBDMNSDAVCSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phentolamine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1)CC1=NCCN1 MRBDMNSDAVCSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000467 phytic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002677 phytofluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OVSVTCFNLSGAMM-UZFNGAIXSA-N phytofluene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C OVSVTCFNLSGAMM-UZFNGAIXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZYSFBWMZMDHGOJ-SGKBLAECSA-N phytofluene Natural products CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CC=C/C=C(C)/CCC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)C)C)C)C ZYSFBWMZMDHGOJ-SGKBLAECSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JZQKKSLKJUAGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N pindolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 JZQKKSLKJUAGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002508 pindolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SATCULPHIDQDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperonal Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 SATCULPHIDQDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013809 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000523 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001289 prazosin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002429 proline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propranolol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001054 red pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940119224 salmon oil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000333 selective estrogen receptor modulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001153 serine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCMORTLOPMLEFB-ONEGZZNKSA-N sinapic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(\C=C\C(O)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O PCMORTLOPMLEFB-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008279 sol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JMSVCTWVEWCHDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N syringic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O JMSVCTWVEWCHDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000790 thymol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940019375 tiludronate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AIBOHNYYKWYQMM-MXBSLTGDSA-N torulene Chemical compound CC(C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C AIBOHNYYKWYQMM-MXBSLTGDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002627 tracheal intubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZIUDAKDLOLDEGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Phytofluen Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CCC(C)CCCC(C)CCC=C(C)C ZIUDAKDLOLDEGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAIPRVGONGVQAS-DUXPYHPUSA-N trans-caffeic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 QAIPRVGONGVQAS-DUXPYHPUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQCLVBQBTUVCEQ-QTFUVMRISA-N troleandomycin Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@H](C)[C@H](C)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@@]2(OC2)C[C@H](C)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)OC(C)=O)[C@H]1C LQCLVBQBTUVCEQ-QTFUVMRISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005041 troleandomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004441 tyrosine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001722 verapamil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960002555 zidovudine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GZIFEOYASATJEH-VHFRWLAGSA-N δ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GZIFEOYASATJEH-VHFRWLAGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N (+)-catechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-ZFWWWQNUSA-N (+)-epicatechin Natural products C1([C@@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-ZFWWWQNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWTYSIMOBUGWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Terbutaline Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 XWTYSIMOBUGWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-UKRRQHHQSA-N (-)-epicatechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-UKRRQHHQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSHVYAFMTMFKBA-TZIWHRDSSA-N (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(C=C2O[C@@H]1C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LSHVYAFMTMFKBA-TZIWHRDSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930014124 (-)-epigallocatechin gallate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-MSOLQXFVSA-N (-)-noscapine Chemical compound CN1CCC2=CC=3OCOC=3C(OC)=C2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C2=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C2C(=O)O1 AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-MSOLQXFVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAVONGHXFVOKBV-ZJUUUORDSA-N (-)-trans-carveol Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC=C(C)[C@@H](O)C1 BAVONGHXFVOKBV-ZJUUUORDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSXIVVZCUAHUJO-AVQMFFATSA-N (11e,14e)-icosa-11,14-dienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C\C\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XSXIVVZCUAHUJO-AVQMFFATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-KTKRTIGZSA-N (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWUSDDMONZULSC-HZMBPMFUSA-N (1r,2s)-2-(tert-butylamino)-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C([C@@H](O)[C@H](C)NC(C)(C)C)=C1 TWUSDDMONZULSC-HZMBPMFUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRVOJOCLBAAKSJ-RDTXWAMCSA-N (2R,3R)-nemonapride Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(NC)=CC(OC)=C1C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](C)N(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 KRVOJOCLBAAKSJ-RDTXWAMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N (2R,4S)-ketoconazole Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)C)CCN1C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC[C@@H]1O[C@@](CN2C=NC=C2)(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)OC1 XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001100 (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)chroman-4-one Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAEFJGPZEPGPGJ-HMHVFHPLSA-N (2e,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18e,20e,22e,24e)-2,6,10,14,19,23-hexamethyl-25-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)pentacosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-dodecaenal Chemical compound O=CC(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C IAEFJGPZEPGPGJ-HMHVFHPLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NESPPCWGYRQEJQ-VATUXEBJSA-N (2e,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18e,20e,22e,24e)-2,6,10,14,19,23-hexamethyl-25-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)pentacosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-dodecaenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C NESPPCWGYRQEJQ-VATUXEBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSTRPYAGFNTOEQ-MGMRMFRLSA-N (2r)-2-[(1s)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2h-furan-5-one;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O CSTRPYAGFNTOEQ-MGMRMFRLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWWVBNODQCWBAZ-WHFBIAKZSA-N (2r)-2-amino-3-[(2r)-2-carboxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]sulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CN[C@H](C(O)=O)CSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O QWWVBNODQCWBAZ-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVVCFHXLWDDRHG-UPLOTWCNSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-6-[(2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](CO)O1 FVVCFHXLWDDRHG-UPLOTWCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMASLKHVQRHNES-UPOGUZCLSA-N (3R)-beta,beta-caroten-3-ol Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C DMASLKHVQRHNES-UPOGUZCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M (3R,5S)-fluvastatin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C12=CC=CC=C2N(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GVOIABOMXKDDGU-XRODXAHISA-N (3S,3'S,5R,5'R)-3,3'-dihydroxy-kappa,kappa-carotene-6,6'-dione Chemical compound O=C([C@@]1(C)C(C[C@H](O)C1)(C)C)/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)[C@]1(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C GVOIABOMXKDDGU-XRODXAHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVOIABOMXKDDGU-LOFNIBRQSA-N (3S,3'S,5R,5'R)-3,3'-dihydroxy-kappa,kappa-carotene-6,6'-dione Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C(=O)C1(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC(=O)C2(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C GVOIABOMXKDDGU-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHCRLQHBUDRLQM-BDPUVYQTSA-N (3S,4R,3'S,4'R)-Crustaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C(O)C(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(O)C(O)CC2(C)C BHCRLQHBUDRLQM-BDPUVYQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNNRPBRNWWIQPQ-APKWKYNESA-N (3S,5R,6S,3'S,5'R,8'Xi)-5,6;5',8'-diepoxy-5,6,5',8'-tetrahydro-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C1OC2(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)C2=C1)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC34OC3(C)CC(O)CC4(C)C YNNRPBRNWWIQPQ-APKWKYNESA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNXIKVLOVZVMQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3beta,16beta,17alpha,18beta,20alpha)-17-hydroxy-11-methoxy-18-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]-yohimban-16-carboxylic acid, methyl ester Natural products C1C2CN3CCC(C4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N4)=C4C3CC2C(C(=O)OC)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 DNXIKVLOVZVMQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUCKEYMKNGZJHK-ZARIWKGHSA-N (3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-18-[(1r,4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-1-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]-7,12,16-trimethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaen-2-one Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1CC(=O)C(\CO)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=C[C@H](O)CC1(C)C SUCKEYMKNGZJHK-ZARIWKGHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKVKZAJXACTIEL-GHMZBOCLSA-N (3r)-8-[(3r)-9,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]isochromen-8-yl]-10-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]isochromene-1,6,9-trione Chemical compound C1[C@@H](C)OC(=O)C2=C(O)C3=C(O)C(C4=C(C(C5=CC=6C[C@@H](C)OC(=O)C=6C(O)=C5C4=O)=O)OC)=C(OC)C=C3C=C21 CKVKZAJXACTIEL-GHMZBOCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHPCNCNNSSLPL-CSKARUKUSA-N (4e)-4-(ethoxymethylidene)-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(=C/OCC)\N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SJHPCNCNNSSLPL-CSKARUKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNSRRHDPHVZAHH-YOILPLPUSA-N (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O UNSRRHDPHVZAHH-YOILPLPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDLWHQDACQUCJR-ZAMMOSSLSA-N (6r,7r)-7-[[(2r)-2-azaniumyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(e)-prop-1-enyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)/C=C/C)C(O)=O)=CC=C(O)C=C1 WDLWHQDACQUCJR-ZAMMOSSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPYKKBAAPVOCIW-HSASPSRMSA-N (6r,7s)-7-[[(2r)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3-chloro-8-oxo-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N3C(=C(Cl)CC[C@@H]32)C(O)=O)=O)N)=CC=CC=C1 GPYKKBAAPVOCIW-HSASPSRMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANEICJWUPVGZBQ-HEBVJZCOSA-N (6s)-6-hydroxy-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-18-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaen-17-ynyl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CC=1C)C(C)(C)C=1C#CC(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C ANEICJWUPVGZBQ-HEBVJZCOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWSWSIQAPQLDBP-CGRWFSSPSA-N (7e,10e,13e,16e)-docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C\C\C=C\C\C=C\C\C=C\CCCCCC(O)=O TWSWSIQAPQLDBP-CGRWFSSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWUKNXCHIOGECP-APKWKYNESA-N (8'R)-latochrom= (3S,5R,6R,3'S,5'R,8'R)-5',8'-epoxy-5,6,5',8'-tetrahydro-beta,beta-carotin-3,5,6,3'-tetrol Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C1OC2(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)C2=C1)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC3(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC3(C)O WWUKNXCHIOGECP-APKWKYNESA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOBAELRKJCKHQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (8Z,11Z,14Z)-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O HOBAELRKJCKHQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACEAELOMUCBPJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ACEAELOMUCBPJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGUAFYQXFOLMHL-ACJLOTCBSA-N (R,R)-labetalol Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C=1C=C(C(O)=CC=1)C(N)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SGUAFYQXFOLMHL-ACJLOTCBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N (S)-chloroquine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2C(N[C@@H](C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLRMANUAADYWEA-NWASOUNVSA-N (S)-timolol maleate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=NSN=C1N1CCOCC1 WLRMANUAADYWEA-NWASOUNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDSOZVZXVXTJMI-SNAWJCMRSA-N (e)-1-methylbut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C(C(O)=O)\CCC(O)=O GDSOZVZXVXTJMI-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJJVAFUKOBZPCB-ZGRPYONQSA-N (r)-3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyl-3,7,11-tridecatrienyl)-2h-1-benzopyran-6-ol Chemical class OC1=CC=C2OC(CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GJJVAFUKOBZPCB-ZGRPYONQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004369 1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004350 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-cineole Natural products C1CC2CCC1(C)OC2(C)C WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPKMGDRERYMTJX-CMDGGOBGSA-N 1-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-1-penten-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)\C=C\C1C(C)=CCCC1(C)C VPKMGDRERYMTJX-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZLZWPPUNLXJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11,17-dimethoxy-18-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-acryloyloxy]-yohimbane-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester Natural products C1C2CN3CCC(C4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N4)=C4C3CC2C(C(=O)OC)C(OC)C1OC(=O)C=CC1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 SZLZWPPUNLXJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRXISZZQHKYPQA-GMKWGACXSA-N 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[(1r)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CC=1C(=O)CCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=CCCC1(C)C ZRXISZZQHKYPQA-GMKWGACXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNURKXXMYARGAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CO)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O HNURKXXMYARGAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHVPQPYKVGDNFY-DFMJLFEVSA-N 2-[(2r)-butan-2-yl]-4-[4-[4-[4-[[(2r,4s)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1N([C@H](C)CC)N=CN1C1=CC=C(N2CCN(CC2)C=2C=CC(OC[C@@H]3O[C@](CN4N=CN=C4)(OC3)C=3C(=CC(Cl)=CC=3)Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 VHVPQPYKVGDNFY-DFMJLFEVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYYNEJWFGGVJQZ-YDDLGYPNSA-N 2-[(4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18e,20e,22e,24e,26e,28e)-2,31-dihydroxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-30-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxydotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-tridecaen-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(C)OC1OC(C(C)(C)O)\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C(C(C)(C)O)OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 ZYYNEJWFGGVJQZ-YDDLGYPNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzhydryloxy-n,n-dimethylethanamine;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIVPVXMEBJLZRO-CQSZACIVSA-N 2-chloro-5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-2h-isoindol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC([C@@]2(O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)N2)=C1 JIVPVXMEBJLZRO-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYDBYXDUZQETGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-(2-octadecanoyloxy-2-oxoethyl)butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O AYDBYXDUZQETGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWXBTNAVRSUOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyglutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CCC(O)=O HWXBTNAVRSUOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-thiazine Chemical group N1SC=CC=C1 AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005177 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NSYPNSFIWGEWNN-ROKXECAJSA-N 3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC=1C(=O)C(=O)CC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C NSYPNSFIWGEWNN-ROKXECAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C(=O)C1=O MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBLAMKHIFZBBSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OCCC(C)C UBLAMKHIFZBBSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIAGMCDKSXEBJQ-IBGZPJMESA-N 3-o-(2-methoxyethyl) 5-o-propan-2-yl (4s)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)[C@H]1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 UIAGMCDKSXEBJQ-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWXXFGWOWOJEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trihydroxy-1-phenylbutan-1-one Chemical class OC(CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)(O)O GWXXFGWOWOJEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHCRLQHBUDRLQM-QISQUURKSA-N 4-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-(3,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC=1C(O)C(O)CC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)C(O)C(O)CC1(C)C BHCRLQHBUDRLQM-QISQUURKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZRJTRPJURQBRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-n-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide;5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=N1.COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(N)=NC=2)N)=C1 WZRJTRPJURQBRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYCXYKOXLNBYID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,7-Dihydroxychromone Natural products O1C=CC(=O)C=2C1=CC(O)=CC=2O NYCXYKOXLNBYID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940097276 5-methoxytryptamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNSRRHDPHVZAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6beta,11alpha-Dihydroxy-3alpha,5alpha-cyclopregnan-20-on Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O UNSRRHDPHVZAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFLLKCVHYJRNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione 2-(diphenylmethyl)oxy-N,N-dimethylethanamine Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC(Cl)=N2.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFLLKCVHYJRNRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=C2)=O)=C3N2C(C)COC3=C1N1CCN(C)CC1 GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930008281 A03AD01 - Papaverine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 244000020998 Acacia farnesiana Species 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007754 Achillea millefolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000073 Achillea millefolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186426 Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000881711 Acipenser sturio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000906543 Actaea racemosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006054 Agastache cana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000137282 Agathosma betulina Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013388 Agathosma crenulata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000307697 Agrimonia eupatoria Species 0.000 description 1
- OGSPWJRAVKPPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alendronic Acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O OGSPWJRAVKPPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alizarin Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001116389 Aloe Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000208874 Althaea officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006576 Althaea officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219318 Amaranthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004257 Anoxomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000239 Anoxomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000156724 Antirhea Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007087 Apium graveolens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015849 Apium graveolens Dulce Group Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XOJVHLIYNSOZOO-SWOBOCGESA-N Arctiin Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C[C@@H]1[C@@H](CC=2C=C(OC)C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)=CC=2)C(=O)OC1 XOJVHLIYNSOZOO-SWOBOCGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208843 Arctium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001656831 Arctous alpina Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011330 Armoracia rusticana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003291 Armoracia rusticana Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002877 Artemisia absinthium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002453 Asclepias tuberosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008482 Asclepias tuberosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000512259 Ascophyllum nodosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000034498 Astacin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000658 Astacin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atorvastatin Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003347 Atropine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- IZEAIVHGGJUWLL-BNCSUXQNSA-N Azafrinaldehyde Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CCCC1(C)O)C=CC=O IZEAIVHGGJUWLL-BNCSUXQNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010001478 Bacitracin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000606125 Bacteroides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009269 Barosma crenulata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HRQKOYFGHJYEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beta psi-carotene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C HRQKOYFGHJYEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001608472 Bifidobacterium longum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001468229 Bifidobacterium thermophilum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016811 Biondella Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007689 Borago officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004355 Borago officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282817 Bovidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003351 Brassica cretica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003343 Brassica rupestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYOOVKSIFHNHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCC)C=CC(C)=C Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)C=CC(C)=C DYOOVKSIFHNHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRROHXIZCCFVQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=C Chemical compound CCC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=C YRROHXIZCCFVQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products CC(CCC(=O)C(C)C1C(=O)CC2C3CC(O)C4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC12C)C(=O)O PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940127291 Calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222178 Candida tropicalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011305 Capsella bursa pastoris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008867 Capsella bursa-pastoris Species 0.000 description 1
- GVOIABOMXKDDGU-SUKXYCKUSA-N Capsorubin Natural products O=C(/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C(=O)[C@@]1(C)C(C)(C)C[C@H](O)C1)\C)/C)\C)/C)[C@@]1(C)C(C)(C)C[C@H](O)C1 GVOIABOMXKDDGU-SUKXYCKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001447738 Carex uncinata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009467 Carica papaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006432 Carica papaya Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000132059 Carica parviflora Species 0.000 description 1
- QRYRORQUOLYVBU-VBKZILBWSA-N Carnosic acid Natural products CC([C@@H]1CC2)(C)CCC[C@]1(C(O)=O)C1=C2C=C(C(C)C)C(O)=C1O QRYRORQUOLYVBU-VBKZILBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUSYGBPHQBWGAD-PJSUUKDQSA-N Carnosol Chemical compound CC([C@@H]1C2)(C)CCC[C@@]11C(=O)O[C@@H]2C2=C1C(O)=C(O)C(C(C)C)=C2 XUSYGBPHQBWGAD-PJSUUKDQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMFRMKXYTWBMOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carnosol Natural products CCc1cc2C3CC4C(C)(C)CCCC4(C(=O)O3)c2c(O)c1O MMFRMKXYTWBMOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005747 Carum carvi Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000467 Carum carvi Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006693 Cassia laevigata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025596 Cassia laevigata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010005 Catalpa ovata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004528 Catalpa ovata Species 0.000 description 1
- UQLLWWBDSUHNEB-CZUORRHYSA-N Cefaprin Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(CS2)COC(=O)C)C(O)=O)C(=O)CSC1=CC=NC=C1 UQLLWWBDSUHNEB-CZUORRHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000167550 Centella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001310324 Cetraria islandica Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000103926 Chamaenerion angustifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006890 Chamerion angustifolium subsp angustifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002278 Chamerion angustifolium subsp circumvagum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 1
- DBAKFASWICGISY-BTJKTKAUSA-N Chlorpheniramine maleate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.C=1C=CC=NC=1C(CCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DBAKFASWICGISY-BTJKTKAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007542 Cichorium intybus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000298479 Cichorium intybus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 1
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citral Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000005976 Citrus sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002319 Citrus sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 description 1
- GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clonidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN1 GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001417105 Clupea pallasii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001454694 Clupeiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010078777 Colistin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000006965 Commiphora myrrha Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009917 Crataegus X brevipes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013204 Crataegus X haemacarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009685 Crataegus X maligna Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009444 Crataegus X rubrocarnea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009486 Crataegus bullatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017181 Crataegus chrysocarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009682 Crataegus limnophila Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000171 Crataegus monogyna Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004423 Crataegus monogyna Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002313 Crataegus paludosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009840 Crataegus x incaedua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 1
- SEBIKDIMAPSUBY-ARYZWOCPSA-N Crocin Chemical compound C([C@H]1O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)O)OC(=O)C(C)=CC=CC(C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1)O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SEBIKDIMAPSUBY-ARYZWOCPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEBIKDIMAPSUBY-JAUCNNNOSA-N Crocin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C(=O)OC1OC(COC2OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1O)C=CC=C(/C)C(=O)OC3OC(COC4OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C4O)C(O)C(O)C3O SEBIKDIMAPSUBY-JAUCNNNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218691 Cupressaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001489198 Cyberlindnera americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000017897 Cymbopogon citratus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004784 Cymbopogon citratus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100028717 Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 3A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZIFEOYASATJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-delta tocopherol Natural products OC1=CC(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GZIFEOYASATJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-DUZGATOHSA-N D-isoascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-DUZGATOHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018783 Dacrycarpus dacrydioides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000288671 Dacrycarpus dacrydioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000235036 Debaryomyces hansenii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- FMTDIUIBLCQGJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Demethylchlortetracyclin Natural products C1C2C(O)C3=C(Cl)C=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C(O)C2(O)C1C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C2=O FMTDIUIBLCQGJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010001682 Dextranase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FMKGDHLSXFDSOU-BDPUVYQTSA-N Dienon-Astacin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(=CC1(C)C)O)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(=CC2(C)C)O FMKGDHLSXFDSOU-BDPUVYQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002722 Dioscorea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006536 Dioscorea esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001811 Dioscorea oppositifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003416 Dioscorea oppositifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RPWFJAMTCNSJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecyl gallate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 RPWFJAMTCNSJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000271571 Dromaius novaehollandiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000003173 Drymaria cordata Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000133098 Echinacea angustifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021297 Eicosadienoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AFSDNFLWKVMVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ellagic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(OC2=O)=C3C4=C2C=C(O)C(O)=C4OC(=O)C3=C1 AFSDNFLWKVMVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJXMQHAMYVHRX-CPCISQLKSA-N Ellagic acid Natural products OC1=C(O)[C@H]2OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c4OC(=O)C(=C1)[C@H]2c34 ATJXMQHAMYVHRX-CPCISQLKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002079 Ellagic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010061435 Enalapril Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465251 Ephedra sinica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHHWDJUUTBWANN-WUEUEEBUSA-N Eschscholtzxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C=C\1C)C(C)(C)C/1=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C1\C(C)=C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C DHHWDJUUTBWANN-WUEUEEBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHHWDJUUTBWANN-JCFHCUBBSA-N Eschscholtzxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/1C(=CC(O)CC1(C)C)C)/C)C=CC=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=C2/C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C)C)C DHHWDJUUTBWANN-JCFHCUBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YIKYNHJUKRTCJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl maltol Chemical compound CCC=1OC=CC(=O)C=1O YIKYNHJUKRTCJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000735527 Eupatorium Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000207543 Euphorbia heterophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000201295 Euphrasia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013483 European cranberry bush Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014066 European mistletoe Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001653 FEMA 3120 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009419 Fagopyrum esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008620 Fagopyrum esculentum Species 0.000 description 1
- LLKMUZAISVDKFO-REPGOVCFSA-N Flexixanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)/C)/C)C=CCC(C)(C)O LLKMUZAISVDKFO-REPGOVCFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 1
- UIOFUWFRIANQPC-JKIFEVAISA-N Floxacillin Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2[C@H](C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)C1=C(C)ON=C1C1=C(F)C=CC=C1Cl UIOFUWFRIANQPC-JKIFEVAISA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLDUPXSUYLZYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluphenazine Chemical compound C1CN(CCO)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 PLDUPXSUYLZYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GMRNMZUSKYJXGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fraxetin Natural products C1=CC(=O)C(=O)C2=C1C=C(OC)C(O)=C2O GMRNMZUSKYJXGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010093031 Galactosidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002464 Galactosidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- XQLWNAFCTODIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallopamil Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 XQLWNAFCTODIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABTRFGSPYXCGMR-HMCYGDQPSA-N Gazaniaxanthin Natural products CC(=CCCC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)/C)/C)C)C ABTRFGSPYXCGMR-HMCYGDQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N Gentamicin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182566 Gentamicin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005792 Geraniol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N Geraniol Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000699694 Gerbillinae Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000060234 Gmelina philippensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000259229 Grindelia squarrosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005717 Grindelia squarrosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000147041 Guaiacum officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002795 Guizotia abyssinica Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940121710 HMGCoA reductase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000208690 Hamamelis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000950 Hippophae rhamnoides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003145 Hippophae rhamnoides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218228 Humulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014486 Hydrangea macrophylla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000267823 Hydrangea macrophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000735432 Hydrastis canadensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NO VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hyosciamin-hydrochlorid Natural products CN1C(C2)CCC1CC2OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000005342 Hypericum chinense Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017309 Hypericum perforatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000141009 Hypericum perforatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004185 Hyptis suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010650 Hyssopus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MPBVHIBUJCELCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibandronate Chemical compound CCCCCN(C)CCC(O)(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O MPBVHIBUJCELCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007171 Imperata cylindrica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002598 Inula helenium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000116484 Inula helenium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930183419 Irisone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJIOGJUNALELMI-ONEGZZNKSA-N Isoeugenol Natural products COC1=CC(\C=C\C)=CC=C1O BJIOGJUNALELMI-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKLYRWVZKLKGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isofucoxanthin Natural products CC1(O)CC(OC(=O)C)CC(C)(C)C1=C=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)C=C1C(O)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C IKLYRWVZKLKGBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYRXSINWFIIFAE-SCLMCMATSA-N Isomaltose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O AYRXSINWFIIFAE-SCLMCMATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013740 Juglans nigra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000184861 Juglans nigra Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000005308 Juniperus chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- OFFWOVJBSQMVPI-RMLGOCCBSA-N Kaletra Chemical compound N1([C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)COC=2C(=CC=CC=2C)C)CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCNC1=O.N([C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OCC=1SC=NC=1)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N(C)CC1=CSC(C(C)C)=N1 OFFWOVJBSQMVPI-RMLGOCCBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011786 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBLDQZASZZMNSL-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosinol Natural products OC[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DBLDQZASZZMNSL-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000442132 Lactarius lactarius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219739 Lens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000234435 Lilium Species 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010007859 Lisinopril Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000002262 Litsea cubeba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012854 Litsea cubeba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003146 Lobelia chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219745 Lupinus Species 0.000 description 1
- UPYKUZBSLRQECL-UKMVMLAPSA-N Lycopene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1C(=C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=C)CCCC2(C)C UPYKUZBSLRQECL-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JEVVKJMRZMXFBT-XWDZUXABSA-N Lycophyll Natural products OC/C(=C/CC/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/CC/C=C(/CO)\C)\C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C)/C JEVVKJMRZMXFBT-XWDZUXABSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFTRFNLCKUZSNG-ZZAFTVETSA-N Lycoxanthin Natural products OC/C(=C\CC/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/CC/C=C(\C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C)/C IFTRFNLCKUZSNG-ZZAFTVETSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002823 Mahonia aquifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HYMLWHLQFGRFIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maltol Natural products CC1OC=CC(=O)C1=O HYMLWHLQFGRFIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2] WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010804 Maranta arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000137850 Marrubium vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005321 Marrubium vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VAZQBTJCYODOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Me ether-Bacteriopurpurin Natural products COC(C)(C)CC=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CCC(C)(C)OC VAZQBTJCYODOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBDNJUWAMKYJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meclofenamic Acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C(NC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1Cl SBDNJUWAMKYJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014749 Mentha crispa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000078639 Mentha spicata Species 0.000 description 1
- XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meperidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C(=O)OCC)CCN(C)CC1 XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZHFODJQISUKAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methantheline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(CC)CC)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GZHFODJQISUKAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YXOLAZRVSSWPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morin Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O1 YXOLAZRVSSWPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282341 Mustela putorius furo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186359 Mycobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001275898 Mylopharyngodon piceus Species 0.000 description 1
- IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myricetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAADZYUXQLUXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylmethylthioformamide Natural products S=CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 QAADZYUXQLUXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQGDXJQRVOCUQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.[S] Chemical compound N.[S] AQGDXJQRVOCUQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017879 Nasturtium officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005407 Nasturtium officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N Neochlorogenin-saeure Natural products O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930193140 Neomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 240000009215 Nepeta cataria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010679 Nepeta cataria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XJXROGWVRIJYMO-SJDLZYGOSA-N Nervonic acid Natural products O=C(O)[C@@H](/C=C/CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC XJXROGWVRIJYMO-SJDLZYGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PHVGLTMQBUFIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nortryptiline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 PHVGLTMQBUFIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272458 Numididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010676 Ocimum basilicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007926 Ocimum gratissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004263 Ocotea pretiosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004496 Oenothera biennis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008916 Oenothera biennis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276701 Oreochromis mossambicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007673 Origanum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004383 Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZYYNEJWFGGVJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oscillaxanthin Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(C)OC1OC(C(C)(C)O)C=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(C(C)(C)O)OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 ZYYNEJWFGGVJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000004371 Panax ginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010019160 Pancreatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 description 1
- DBFXUHLRCRLMIU-QQNAYIDOSA-N Paracentrone Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C(=O)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=C=C1C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O DBFXUHLRCRLMIU-QQNAYIDOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011925 Passiflora alata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000370 Passiflora edulis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011922 Passiflora incarnata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002690 Passiflora mixta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013750 Passiflora mixta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013731 Passiflora van volxemii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ANEICJWUPVGZBQ-MXUKGGRISA-N Pectenolone Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C#CC1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC2(C)C ANEICJWUPVGZBQ-MXUKGGRISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RGCVKNLCSQQDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perphenazine Chemical compound C1CN(CCO)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 RGCVKNLCSQQDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002770 Petroselinum crispum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000286209 Phasianidae Species 0.000 description 1
- QZVCTJOXCFMACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenoxybenzamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(CCCl)C(C)COC1=CC=CC=C1 QZVCTJOXCFMACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQKRYVGRPXFFAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenylmethylglycidic ester Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1OC1(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQKRYVGRPXFFAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenytoin Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOUTWVMJGMVRQF-NWYYEFBESA-N Phoenicoxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C OOUTWVMJGMVRQF-NWYYEFBESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 description 1
- 108700019535 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000045595 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- XACHQDDXHDTRLX-GMPBGBGESA-N Physalien Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1CC(C)(C)C(/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=2C(C)(C)C[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CC=2C)\C)/C)\C)/C)=C(C)C1)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC XACHQDDXHDTRLX-GMPBGBGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Physostigmine Natural products C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)C2C1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006463 Pimenta racemosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012550 Pimpinella anisum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002711 Piper cubeba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003731 Piper cubeba Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001499733 Plantago asiatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000134552 Plantago ovata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003421 Plantago ovata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000236480 Podophyllum peltatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000734672 Polygala senega Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014258 Polygonum bistorta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000233952 Polygonum bistorta Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010093965 Polymyxin B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pravastatin Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186429 Propionibacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186428 Propionibacterium freudenreichii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010401 Prunus avium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008296 Prunus serotina Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014441 Prunus serotina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000009223 Psyllium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Purine Natural products N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003085 Quassia amara Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009694 Quassia amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetagetin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009137 Quercus alba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000274906 Quercus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- SZLZWPPUNLXJEA-FMCDHCOASA-N Rescinnamine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@@H](C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2[C@H](C1)CN1[C@@H](c3[nH]c4c(c3CC1)ccc(OC)c4)C2)/C=C/c1cc(OC)c(OC)c(OC)c1 SZLZWPPUNLXJEA-FMCDHCOASA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCQMZZCPPSWADO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Reserpilin Natural products COC(=O)C1COCC2CN3CCc4c([nH]c5cc(OC)c(OC)cc45)C3CC12 LCQMZZCPPSWADO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-SFWBKIHZSA-N Reserpine Natural products O=C(OC)[C@@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@H](OC(=O)c2cc(OC)c(OC)c(OC)c2)C[C@H]2[C@@H]1C[C@H]1N(C2)CCc2c3c([nH]c12)cc(OC)cc3 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-SFWBKIHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000018167 Reynoutria japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001341 Reynoutria japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219100 Rhamnaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004980 Rheum officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008081 Rheum officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000152640 Rhipsalis cassutha Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012300 Rhipsalis cassutha Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GOJQFVQXKNNAAY-XQHLYSSHSA-N Rhodopinal Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(\C=O)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)CCCC(C)(C)O GOJQFVQXKNNAAY-XQHLYSSHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMXRPRQNVZIVTC-YUCFDPGTSA-N Rhodopinol Natural products CC(=CCCC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(CO)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/CCCC(C)(C)O)C)C)C)C XMXRPRQNVZIVTC-YUCFDPGTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004330 Rhodopsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000820 Rhodopsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CGEVWQFVGBQXOA-WQMGISBJSA-N Rhodovibrin Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)CCCC(C)(C)O CGEVWQFVGBQXOA-WQMGISBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGEVWQFVGBQXOA-CXMXVKIHSA-N Rhodovibrin Natural products COC(C)(C)CC=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/CCCC(C)(C)O)/C)/C)/C CGEVWQFVGBQXOA-CXMXVKIHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004216 Rhodoxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- VWXMLZQUDPCJPL-ZDHAIZATSA-N Rhodoxanthin Chemical compound CC\1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C/1=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C1\C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C VWXMLZQUDPCJPL-ZDHAIZATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWXMLZQUDPCJPL-XPZLFLLQSA-N Rhodoxanthin Natural products O=C1C=C(C)/C(=C\C=C(/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C(=C\C=C\2/C(C)=CC(=O)CC/2(C)C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C(C)(C)C1 VWXMLZQUDPCJPL-XPZLFLLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rhynchosin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIDJRNMFWXDHID-UHFFFAOYSA-N Risedronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(P(O)(O)=O)(O)CC1=CC=CN=C1 IIDJRNMFWXDHID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZAFFYPNLYCDEP-HNNXBMFYSA-N Rosmarinsaeure Natural products OC(=O)[C@H](Cc1cccc(O)c1O)OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2 ZZAFFYPNLYCDEP-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001529742 Rosmarinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007651 Rubus glaucus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011034 Rubus glaucus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009122 Rubus idaeus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018370 Saccharomyces delbrueckii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000877401 Saccharomyces ellipsoideus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000203 Salix gracilistyla Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000143590 Salvia chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007154 Salvia chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005794 Salvia japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002800 Sanicula europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- FOUGFFVPRFFMLC-LEMFVTKFSA-N Saproxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)/C)/C)C=CCC(C)(C)O FOUGFFVPRFFMLC-LEMFVTKFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001125048 Sardina Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000009660 Sassafras variifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000632296 Scutellaria lateriflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005318 Serenoa repens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006661 Serenoa repens Species 0.000 description 1
- LUSZGTFNYDARNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sesamol Natural products OC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 LUSZGTFNYDARNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000040738 Sesamum orientale Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000533293 Sesbania emerus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000320380 Silybum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010841 Silybum marianum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000044822 Simmondsia californica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004433 Simmondsia californica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SLQHGWZKKZPZEK-RWWSCCLFSA-N Sintaxanthin Natural products O=C(/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=1C(C)(C)CCCC=1C)\C)/C)\C)/C)C SLQHGWZKKZPZEK-RWWSCCLFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKQXGRCDKWFDBE-CZJSGJJBSA-N Siphonaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C(=O)CC1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)CO)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C HKQXGRCDKWFDBE-CZJSGJJBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORDPNTZUYVBDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Siphonaxanthinmonolaurat Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1(C)CC(O)CC(=C1CC(=O)C(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C)C)C)C ORDPNTZUYVBDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710188689 Small, acid-soluble spore protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710188693 Small, acid-soluble spore protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710166422 Small, acid-soluble spore protein A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710166404 Small, acid-soluble spore protein C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710174019 Small, acid-soluble spore protein C1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710174017 Small, acid-soluble spore protein C2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710174574 Small, acid-soluble spore protein gamma-type Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000009022 Smilax rotundifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000689674 Soleirolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZSLHSVCDHQRPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Spirilloxanthin Natural products COC(C)(C)CC=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)CCCC(C)(C)C)C)C)C ZSLHSVCDHQRPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQZIYBXSHAGNOE-USOSMYMVSA-N Stachyose Natural products O(C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O1)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O2)O1 UQZIYBXSHAGNOE-USOSMYMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272534 Struthio camelus Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001530209 Swertia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005865 Symphytum officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002299 Symphytum officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- ZCDNRPPFBQDQHR-SSYATKPKSA-N Syrosingopine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC(=O)OCC)=C(OC)C=C1C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C(=O)OC)[C@H]2C[C@@H]3C(NC=4C5=CC=C(OC)C=4)=C5CCN3C[C@H]2C1 ZCDNRPPFBQDQHR-SSYATKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010233 Taheebo Substances 0.000 description 1
- DRHKJLXJIQTDTD-OAHLLOKOSA-N Tamsulosine Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCN[C@H](C)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 DRHKJLXJIQTDTD-OAHLLOKOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001949 Taraxacum officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005187 Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terfenadine Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(O)CCCN1CCC(C(O)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000145580 Thalia geniculata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012419 Thalia geniculata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiamine Natural products CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKDDRNSBRWANNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thienamycin Natural products C1C(SCCN)=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)C(C(O)C)C21 WKDDRNSBRWANNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100036407 Thioredoxin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- KLBQZWRITKRQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thioridazine Chemical compound C12=CC(SC)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1CCC1CCCCN1C KLBQZWRITKRQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000684582 Torulaspora microellipsoides Species 0.000 description 1
- LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N Trans-resveratrol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015724 Trifolium pratense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019714 Triticale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000377 Tussilago farfara Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004869 Tussilago farfara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001473768 Ulmus rubra Species 0.000 description 1
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282458 Ursus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000274883 Urtica dioica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009108 Urtica dioica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013832 Valeriana officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000126014 Valeriana officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- BHCPEZOMVCSXGM-IKIGYVJFSA-N Vaucheriaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(CO)/C=C/C12OC1CC(O)CC2(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=C=C3C(C)(C)CC(O)CC3(C)O BHCPEZOMVCSXGM-IKIGYVJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001519 Verbena officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018718 Verbena officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000050591 Veronicastrum sibiricum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000673664 Viburnum dilatatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000071378 Viburnum opulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000863480 Vinca Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000172533 Viola sororia Species 0.000 description 1
- SZCBXWMUOPQSOX-LOFNIBRQSA-N Violaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C12OC1(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC34OC3(C)CC(O)CC4(C)C SZCBXWMUOPQSOX-LOFNIBRQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKVKZAJXACTIEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Viomellein Natural products C1C(C)OC(=O)C2=C(O)C3=C(O)C(C4=C(C(C5=CC=6CC(C)OC(=O)C=6C(O)=C5C4=O)=O)OC)=C(OC)C=C3C=C21 CKVKZAJXACTIEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004552 Yucca aloifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012044 Yucca brevifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017049 Yucca glauca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005780 Yucca gloriosa Species 0.000 description 1
- WREGKURFCTUGRC-POYBYMJQSA-N Zalcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)CC1 WREGKURFCTUGRC-POYBYMJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007244 Zea mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- UYRDHEJRPVSJFM-VSWVFQEASA-N [(1s,3r)-3-hydroxy-4-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11z)-11-[4-[(e)-2-[(1r,3s,6s)-3-hydroxy-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-6-yl]ethenyl]-5-oxofuran-2-ylidene]-3,10-dimethylundeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaenylidene]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl] acetate Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)C[C@@H](OC(=O)C)CC(C)(C)C1=C=C\C(C)=C\C=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C/1C=C(\C=C\[C@]23[C@@](O2)(C)C[C@@H](O)CC3(C)C)C(=O)O\1 UYRDHEJRPVSJFM-VSWVFQEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCTLHLZWKJIXJI-LXIBVNSESA-N [(3s,8r,9s,10r,13s,14s)-17-chloro-16-formyl-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15-decahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)C(Cl)=C(C=O)C[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)C)C1 UCTLHLZWKJIXJI-LXIBVNSESA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGEPSJNLORCRBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(dimethylamino)-1-hydroxy-1-phosphonopropyl]phosphonic acid Chemical compound CN(C)CCC(O)(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O UGEPSJNLORCRBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIPLYOUQVMMOHB-MXWBXKMOSA-L [Ca++].CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H]3C(=C([O-])[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C1O)C(=O)c1c(O)cccc1[C@@]3(C)O.CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H]3C(=C([O-])[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C1O)C(=O)c1c(O)cccc1[C@@]3(C)O Chemical compound [Ca++].CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H]3C(=C([O-])[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C1O)C(=O)c1c(O)cccc1[C@@]3(C)O.CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H]3C(=C([O-])[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C1O)C(=O)c1c(O)cccc1[C@@]3(C)O KIPLYOUQVMMOHB-MXWBXKMOSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DPQYARCVTAMMLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]phosphinic acid Chemical class OP(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DPQYARCVTAMMLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1ldcw0 Chemical compound Cl.C1CN(C)CCN1C1=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN3CCSC1=C32 LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000464 adrenergic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWSWSIQAPQLDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N adrenic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCC(O)=O TWSWSIQAPQLDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N albuterol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=C1 NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940062527 alendronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WNMJYKCGWZFFKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alfuzosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(C)CCCNC(=O)C1CCCO1 WNMJYKCGWZFFKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004607 alfuzosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M alizarin red S Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C2O HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWXMLZQUDPCJPL-JCFHCUBBSA-N all-trans-Rhodoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/1C(=CC(=O)CC1(C)C)C)/C)C=CC=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=C2/C(=CC(=O)CC2(C)C)C)C)C VWXMLZQUDPCJPL-JCFHCUBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBZANZVJRKXVBH-ITUXNECMSA-N all-trans-alpha-cryptoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CCCC2(C)C)C NBZANZVJRKXVBH-ITUXNECMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGYAYSRVSAJXTE-CLONMANBSA-N all-trans-neoxanthin Chemical compound C(\[C@]12[C@@](O1)(C)C[C@@H](O)CC2(C)C)=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)C=C=C1C(C)(C)C[C@H](O)C[C@@]1(C)O PGYAYSRVSAJXTE-CLONMANBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUUXWKRRZDDNQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N all-trans-spheroidene Natural products COC(C)(C)CCCC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C IUUXWKRRZDDNQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150040210 allR gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFRRRMXNFIGHPC-CPZJCIGYSA-N alloxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C#CC1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC#CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C UFRRRMXNFIGHPC-CPZJCIGYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylic benzylic alcohol Natural products OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HMKKIXGYKWDQSV-KAMYIIQDSA-N alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde Chemical compound CCCCC\C(C=O)=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 HMKKIXGYKWDQSV-KAMYIIQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVCQMCCIAHQDAF-GYOQZRFSSA-N alpha-Bacterioruberin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C(CCC(C)(C)O)C(C)(C)O)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC(CCC(C)(C)O)C(C)(C)O UVCQMCCIAHQDAF-GYOQZRFSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-FWSDQLJQSA-N alpha-Eleostearic acid Natural products CCCCC=CC=C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-FWSDQLJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZFLPKAIBPNNCA-BQYQJAHWSA-N alpha-ionone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1C(C)=CCCC1(C)C UZFLPKAIBPNNCA-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJCSPKMFHVPWAR-JTQLQIEISA-N alpha-methyl-L-dopa Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@](N)(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CJCSPKMFHVPWAR-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088601 alpha-terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QZNJPJDUBTYMRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M amfenac sodium hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].NC1=C(CC([O-])=O)C=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QZNJPJDUBTYMRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960004821 amikacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LKCWBDHBTVXHDL-RMDFUYIESA-N amikacin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](N)C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](O)CCN)[C@H]1O[C@H](CN)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LKCWBDHBTVXHDL-RMDFUYIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000836 amitriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N amitriptyline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N amlodipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(COCCN)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000528 amlodipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950010351 amosulalol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LVEXHFZHOIWIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N amosulalol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(O)C1=CC=C(C)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 LVEXHFZHOIWIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003022 amoxicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N amoxicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=C(O)C=C1 LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMARZQAQMVYCKC-OEMFJLHTSA-N amprenavir Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@H](O)CN(CC(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)NC(=O)O[C@@H]1COCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YMARZQAQMVYCKC-OEMFJLHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940062909 amyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019513 anchovy Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002333 angiotensin II receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125364 angiotensin receptor blocker Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019284 anoxomer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930014669 anthocyanidin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000001452 anthocyanidin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008758 anthocyanidins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001387 anti-histamine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003276 anti-hypertensive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000078 anti-malarial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001663 anti-spastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000739 antihistaminic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003430 antimalarial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940054051 antipsychotic indole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021342 arachidonic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940114079 arachidonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000637 arginyl group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010385 ascorbyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003676 astacin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005370 atorvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N atropine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000396 atropine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GKGYMXPRDRXIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;pentanedioic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].OC(=O)CCCC([O-])=O GKGYMXPRDRXIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RATMLZHGSYTFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;6-hydroxy-6-oxohexanoate Chemical compound N.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O RATMLZHGSYTFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003644 aztreonam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003071 bacitracin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930184125 bacitracin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-ABRJDSQDSA-N bacitracin A Chemical compound C1SC([C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)CC)=N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](CCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2N=CNC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCCCC1 CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-ABRJDSQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008953 bacterial degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- UVCQMCCIAHQDAF-RNTVPSGKSA-N bacterioruberin Chemical compound CC(O)(C)CC[C@H](C(C)(C)O)/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/[C@H](CCC(C)(C)O)C(C)(C)O UVCQMCCIAHQDAF-RNTVPSGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015935 bayrumtree Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069765 bean extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940038481 bee pollen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- SYWDWCWQXBUCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;ethene Chemical class C=C.C1=CC=CC=C1 SYWDWCWQXBUCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940007550 benzyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000012740 beta Adrenergic Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010079452 beta Adrenergic Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQKVQNUNGXYNOJ-VYAWBVGESA-N beta-carotenone Natural products O=C(C(CCCC(=O)C)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C(=O)C(CCCC(=O)C)(C)C)\C)/C)\C)/C UQKVQNUNGXYNOJ-VYAWBVGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002360 beta-cryptoxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011774 beta-cryptoxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMASLKHVQRHNES-ITUXNECMSA-N beta-cryptoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CCCC2(C)C DMASLKHVQRHNES-ITUXNECMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-monoglyceryl stearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007998 bicine buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940002008 bifidobacterium bifidum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940009291 bifidobacterium longum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHYCDWMUTMEGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoprolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=C(COCCOC(C)C)C=C1 VHYCDWMUTMEGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002781 bisoprolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940062650 buchu Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupropion Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001058 bupropion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950009770 butaxamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004883 caffeic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940074360 caffeic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000480 calcium channel blocker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940095731 candida albicans Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012682 canthaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001659 canthaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940008033 canthaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007894 caplet Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N capsaicin Chemical compound COC1=CC(CNC(=O)CCCC\C=C\C(C)C)=CC=C1O YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002504 capsaicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009132 capsorubin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013736 caramel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940041011 carbapenems Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPPNZSSZRUTDAP-UWFZAAFLSA-N carbenicillin Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)C(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FPPNZSSZRUTDAP-UWFZAAFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003669 carbenicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010089934 carbohydrase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- OVFCVRIJCCDFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;copper Chemical compound [Cu].OC(O)=O OVFCVRIJCCDFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNEFNFIKZWUAEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OC(O)=O QNEFNFIKZWUAEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIOAEVPMYCHKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;zinc Chemical group [Zn].OC(O)=O ONIOAEVPMYCHKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003177 cardiotonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004654 carnosol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005472 carotenones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HHTWOMMSBMNRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvacrol Natural products CC(=C)C1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 HHTWOMMSBMNRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RECUKUPTGUEGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvacrol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 RECUKUPTGUEGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007746 carvacrol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NPAKNKYSJIDKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvedilol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=C[CH]C3=C12 NPAKNKYSJIDKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004195 carvedilol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930007646 carveol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005487 catechin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010627 cedar oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYIYFLOTGYLRGG-GPCCPHFNSA-N cefaclor Chemical compound C1([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N3C(=C(Cl)CS[C@@H]32)C(O)=O)=O)N)=CC=CC=C1 QYIYFLOTGYLRGG-GPCCPHFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005361 cefaclor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004841 cefadroxil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBFNMSULHIODTC-CYJZLJNKSA-N cefadroxil monohydrate Chemical compound O.C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C)C(O)=O)=CC=C(O)C=C1 NBFNMSULHIODTC-CYJZLJNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004350 cefapirin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003719 cefdinir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RTXOFQZKPXMALH-GHXIOONMSA-N cefdinir Chemical compound S1C(N)=NC(C(=N\O)\C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N3C(=C(C=C)CS[C@@H]32)C(O)=O)=O)=C1 RTXOFQZKPXMALH-GHXIOONMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFZFFLVORLEPPO-UVYJNCLZSA-N cefditoren pivoxil Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1\C=C/C=1SC=NC=1C AFZFFLVORLEPPO-UVYJNCLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002129 cefixime Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OKBVVJOGVLARMR-QSWIMTSFSA-N cefixime Chemical compound S1C(N)=NC(C(=N\OCC(O)=O)\C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N3C(=C(C=C)CS[C@@H]32)C(O)=O)=O)=C1 OKBVVJOGVLARMR-QSWIMTSFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004682 cefoperazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GCFBRXLSHGKWDP-XCGNWRKASA-N cefoperazone Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)N(CC)CCN1C(=O)N[C@H](C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2C(C(O)=O)=C(CSC=3N(N=NN=3)C)CS[C@@H]21 GCFBRXLSHGKWDP-XCGNWRKASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004261 cefotaxime Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AZZMGZXNTDTSME-JUZDKLSSSA-M cefotaxime sodium Chemical compound [Na+].N([C@@H]1C(N2C(=C(COC(C)=O)CS[C@@H]21)C([O-])=O)=O)C(=O)\C(=N/OC)C1=CSC(N)=N1 AZZMGZXNTDTSME-JUZDKLSSSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002682 cefoxitin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WZOZEZRFJCJXNZ-ZBFHGGJFSA-N cefoxitin Chemical compound N([C@]1(OC)C(N2C(=C(COC(N)=O)CS[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)CC1=CC=CS1 WZOZEZRFJCJXNZ-ZBFHGGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002580 cefprozil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002588 cefradine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004086 ceftibuten Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UNJFKXSSGBWRBZ-BJCIPQKHSA-N ceftibuten Chemical compound S1C(N)=NC(C(=C\CC(O)=O)\C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N3C(=CCS[C@@H]32)C(O)=O)=O)=C1 UNJFKXSSGBWRBZ-BJCIPQKHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001991 ceftizoxime Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NNULBSISHYWZJU-LLKWHZGFSA-N ceftizoxime Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2C(=CCS[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)\C(=N/OC)C1=CSC(N)=N1 NNULBSISHYWZJU-LLKWHZGFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004755 ceftriaxone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N ceftriaxone Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1CSC1=NC(=O)C(=O)NN1C VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001668 cefuroxime Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JFPVXVDWJQMJEE-IZRZKJBUSA-N cefuroxime Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2C(=C(COC(N)=O)CS[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)\C(=N/OC)C1=CC=CO1 JFPVXVDWJQMJEE-IZRZKJBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940083181 centrally acting adntiadrenergic agent methyldopa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RDLPVSKMFDYCOR-UEKVPHQBSA-N cephradine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C)C(O)=O)=CCC=CC1 RDLPVSKMFDYCOR-UEKVPHQBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N chlorogenic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940074393 chlorogenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001368 chlorogenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FFQSDFBBSXGVKF-KHSQJDLVSA-N chlorogenic acid Natural products O[C@@H]1C[C@](O)(C[C@@H](CC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O FFQSDFBBSXGVKF-KHSQJDLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003677 chloroquine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroquine Natural products ClC1=CC=C2C(NC(C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOYKEARSMXGVTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorphenamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1C(CCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SOYKEARSMXGVTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpromazine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001076 chlorpromazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001523 chlortalidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001713 cholinergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015838 chrysin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043370 chrysin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001002 cianidanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYVRIXWNTVOIRD-LRHBOZQDSA-N ciguatoxin CTX1B Chemical compound C([C@@]12[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](C)[C@H]4O[C@H]5C[C@@H](C)C[C@H]6O[C@@]7(C)[C@H](O)C[C@H]8O[C@H]9C=C[C@H]%10O[C@H]%11C[C@@H]%12[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]%13O[C@H](C=CC[C@@H]%13O%12)\C=C\[C@H](O)CO)O)O[C@@H]%11C=C[C@@H]%10O[C@@H]9C\C=C/C[C@@H]8O[C@@H]7C[C@@H]6O[C@@H]5C[C@@H]4O3)O)O2)C)[C@H](O)CO1 VYVRIXWNTVOIRD-LRHBOZQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005301 cimicifuga racemosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DERZBLKQOCDDDZ-JLHYYAGUSA-N cinnarizine Chemical compound C1CN(C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 DERZBLKQOCDDDZ-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000876 cinnarizine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003405 ciprofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BMRSEYFENKXDIS-KLZCAUPSSA-N cis-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid Natural products O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)cc2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O BMRSEYFENKXDIS-KLZCAUPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAIPRVGONGVQAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-caffeic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 QAIPRVGONGVQAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJIOGJUNALELMI-ARJAWSKDSA-N cis-isoeugenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(\C=C/C)=CC=C1O BJIOGJUNALELMI-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-tetracosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043350 citral Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003633 citronellal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000000983 citronellal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003555 cloaca Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ACSIXWWBWUQEHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N clodronic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)P(O)(O)=O ACSIXWWBWUQEHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002286 clodronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002896 clonidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003326 cloxacillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LQOLIRLGBULYKD-JKIFEVAISA-N cloxacillin Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2[C@H](C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)C1=C(C)ON=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl LQOLIRLGBULYKD-JKIFEVAISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940047766 co-trimoxazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].N#[C-].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003346 colistin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000000125 common agrimony Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940079721 copper chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940089639 cornsilk Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001047 cyclobutenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001941 cymbopogon citratus dc and cymbopogon flexuosus oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-ephedrine Natural products CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N d-xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010389 delta-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N delta1-THC Chemical compound C1=C(C)CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)OC3=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C3[C@@H]21 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMTDIUIBLCQGJB-SEYHBJAFSA-N demeclocycline Chemical compound C1([C@@H](O)[C@H]2C3)=C(Cl)C=CC(O)=C1C(=O)C2=C(O)[C@@]1(O)[C@@H]3[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C1=O FMTDIUIBLCQGJB-SEYHBJAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002398 demeclocycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFAGHNZHGGCZAX-JKIFEVAISA-N dicloxacillin Chemical compound N([C@@H]1C(N2[C@H](C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)=O)C(=O)C1=C(C)ON=C1C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl YFAGHNZHGGCZAX-JKIFEVAISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001585 dicloxacillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006047 digesta Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- VQKLRVZQQYVIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydralazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NN)=NN=C(NN)C2=C1 VQKLRVZQQYVIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002877 dihydralazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229950007942 dilevalol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PVNVIBOWBAPFOE-RWNIHPGNSA-N dinoxanthin Chemical compound C[C@]1(O)C[C@H](OC(=O)C)CC(C)(C)C1=C=C\C(C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@@]1(C(C[C@H](O)C2)(C)C)[C@@]2(C)O1 PVNVIBOWBAPFOE-RWNIHPGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXLCRBHDOFCYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(dioxo)chromium;mercury(2+) Chemical compound [Hg+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O IXLCRBHDOFCYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000520 diphenhydramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113120 dipropylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940042399 direct acting antivirals protease inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N docosahexaenoic acid Natural products CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCC(O)=O MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010386 dodecyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000555 dodecyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080643 dodecyl gallate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001389 doxazosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N doxazosin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2OC1C(=O)N(CC1)CCN1C1=NC(N)=C(C=C(C(OC)=C2)OC)C2=N1 RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003722 doxycycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XQTWDDCIUJNLTR-CVHRZJFOSA-N doxycycline monohydrate Chemical compound O.O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC=C2[C@H](C)[C@@H]2C1=C(O)[C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@H](N(C)C)[C@@H]1[C@H]2O XQTWDDCIUJNLTR-CVHRZJFOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099182 dramamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014134 echinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005135 eicosapentaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosapentaenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940108623 eicosenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004132 ellagic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002852 ellagic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GBXSMTUPTTWBMN-XIRDDKMYSA-N enalapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GBXSMTUPTTWBMN-XIRDDKMYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000873 enalapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007459 enisoprost Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002549 enoxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IDYZIJYBMGIQMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N enoxacin Chemical compound N1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNCC1 IDYZIJYBMGIQMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002179 ephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LPTRNLNOHUVQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N epicatechin Natural products Cc1cc(O)cc2OC(C(O)Cc12)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1 LPTRNLNOHUVQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012734 epicatechin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DZYNKLUGCOSVKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N epigallocatechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3 DZYNKLUGCOSVKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDKZHVNKFOXMND-UHFFFAOYSA-N epinepetalactone Chemical compound O=C1OC=C(C)C2C1C(C)CC2 ZDKZHVNKFOXMND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCADAYNFIFUHF-TVKJYDDYSA-N esculin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC(C(=C1)O)=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2 XHCADAYNFIFUHF-TVKJYDDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940011871 estrogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000262 estrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NYNCZOLNVTXTTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl)acetate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CC(=O)OCC)C(=O)C2=C1 NYNCZOLNVTXTTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093503 ethyl maltol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940073505 ethyl vanillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940009626 etidronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940045761 evening primrose extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000008524 evening primrose extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940063190 flagyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N flavonol Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HVQAJTFOCKOKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002216 flavonol derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011957 flavonols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003765 fluvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003142 fosamprenavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLBVMOWEQCZNCC-OEMFJLHTSA-N fosamprenavir Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)CN(CC(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)NC(=O)O[C@@H]1COCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MLBVMOWEQCZNCC-OEMFJLHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAVWRBANWNTOJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N fraxetin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C=C(OC)C(O)=C2O HAVWRBANWNTOJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000021255 galacto-oligosaccharides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003271 galactooligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ONKNPOPIGWHAQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N galaxolide Chemical compound C1OCC(C)C2=C1C=C1C(C)(C)C(C)C(C)(C)C1=C2 ONKNPOPIGWHAQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LEXBBZCFWJNTGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallicin Natural products C1CC(=C)C(O)CCC(C)=CC2OC(=O)C(C)C21 LEXBBZCFWJNTGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000457 gallopamil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011663 gamma-carotene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000633 gamma-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010382 gamma-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002518 gentamicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N geranial Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113087 geraniol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000762 glandular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950006191 gluconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005679 goldenseal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004442 gravimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940091561 guaiac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001867 guaiacol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000007400 gumweed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005709 gut microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010002430 hemicellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940059442 hemicellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002386 heptoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AIONOLUJZLIMTK-AWEZNQCLSA-N hesperetin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC=C1[C@H]1OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C1 AIONOLUJZLIMTK-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIONOLUJZLIMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hesperetin Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C1 AIONOLUJZLIMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001587 hesperetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010209 hesperetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KBGYPXOSNDMZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoic acid Chemical class CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCC(O)=O KBGYPXOSNDMZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYCUSKFOGZNIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TYCUSKFOGZNIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FTODBIPDTXRIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N homoeriodictyol Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2)=C1 FTODBIPDTXRIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960001330 hydroxycarbamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930005346 hydroxycinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010359 hydroxycinnamic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002471 hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003248 hydroxytyrosol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095066 hydroxytyrosol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940015872 ibandronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005945 imidazopyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZSKVGTPCRGIANV-ZXFLCMHBSA-N imipenem Chemical compound C1C(SCC\N=C\N)=C(C(O)=O)N2C(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)C)[C@H]21 ZSKVGTPCRGIANV-ZXFLCMHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002182 imipenem Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003453 indazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- CBVCZFGXHXORBI-PXQQMZJSSA-N indinavir Chemical compound C([C@H](N(CC1)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H]2C3=CC=CC=C3C[C@H]2O)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)N1CC1=CC=CN=C1 CBVCZFGXHXORBI-PXQQMZJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001936 indinavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2C=CC=C21 HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WYXXLXHHWYNKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocarvacrol Natural products CC(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C)=C1 WYXXLXHHWYNKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical group C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-RTPHMHGBSA-N isomaltose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O1 DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-RTPHMHGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004130 itraconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 1
- MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaempferol Natural products OC1=C(C(=O)c2cc(O)cc(O)c2O1)c3ccc(O)cc3 MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical class O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960004125 ketoconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N lacidipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)(C)C GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004340 lacidipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N lactulose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000511 lactulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PFCRQPBOOFTZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactulose keto form Natural products OCC(=O)C(O)C(C(O)CO)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O PFCRQPBOOFTZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012939 laminating adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDXUKAKRHYTAKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lercanidipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)(C)CN(C)CCC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ZDXUKAKRHYTAKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004294 lercanidipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IXHBTMCLRNMKHZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N levobunolol Chemical compound O=C1CCCC2=C1C=CC=C2OC[C@@H](O)CNC(C)(C)C IXHBTMCLRNMKHZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000831 levobunolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019136 lipoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N lisinopril Chemical compound C([C@H](N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002394 lisinopril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002422 lomefloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZEKZLJVOYLTDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lomefloxacin Chemical compound FC1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNC(C)C1 ZEKZLJVOYLTDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940113983 lopinavir / ritonavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001977 loracarbef Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940031703 low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNNRPBRNWWIQPQ-OMSIYMKDSA-N luteoxanthin Chemical compound O1C2(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)C2=CC1C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1(C(CC(O)C2)(C)C)C2(C)O1 YNNRPBRNWWIQPQ-OMSIYMKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJVRYOCMCZRSAC-GWOVRDTHSA-N luteoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C1OC2(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)C2=C1)/C)CCC34OC3(C)CC(O)CC4(C)C DJVRYOCMCZRSAC-GWOVRDTHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001751 lycopene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004999 lycopene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OAIJSZIZWZSQBC-GYZMGTAESA-N lycopene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C OAIJSZIZWZSQBC-GYZMGTAESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008699 lycoxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IFTRFNLCKUZSNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lycoxanthin Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CO IFTRFNLCKUZSNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003120 macrolide antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041033 macrolides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009733 malagueta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043353 maltol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000001035 marshmallow Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003803 meclofenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SJOXEWUZWQYCGL-DVOMOZLQSA-N menthyl salicylate Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O SJOXEWUZWQYCGL-DVOMOZLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004665 menthyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001797 methadone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001252 methamphetamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001470 methantheline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CIBHDGPIOICRGX-ZQCHCGQNSA-N methyl (z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r)-3-hydroxy-2-[(e)-4-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-enyl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hept-4-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(O)C\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1CC\C=C/CCC(=O)OC CIBHDGPIOICRGX-ZQCHCGQNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKQFCGNPDRICFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O VKQFCGNPDRICFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940102398 methyl anthranilate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FAARLWTXUUQFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylellagic acid Natural products O1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C3=C2C2=C1C(OC)=C(O)C=C2C(=O)O3 FAARLWTXUUQFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUBSYMUCCVWXPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N metoprolol Chemical compound COCCC1=CC=C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)C=C1 IUBSYMUCCVWXPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002237 metoprolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPTPAIQTXYFGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N metronidazole hydrochloride Chemical group Cl.CC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1CCO FPTPAIQTXYFGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003793 midazolam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DDLIGBOFAVUZHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N midazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NC=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1F DDLIGBOFAVUZHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004023 minocycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DYKFCLLONBREIL-KVUCHLLUSA-N minocycline Chemical compound C([C@H]1C2)C3=C(N(C)C)C=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C1=C(O)[C@@]1(O)[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C1=O DYKFCLLONBREIL-KVUCHLLUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXOUKMQIEVGVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N morin Natural products OC1=CC(O)=CC(C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3O2)O)=C1 UXOUKMQIEVGVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007708 morin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003702 moxifloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FABPRXSRWADJSP-MEDUHNTESA-N moxifloxacin Chemical compound COC1=C(N2C[C@H]3NCCC[C@H]3C2)C(F)=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=C2)=O)=C1N2C1CC1 FABPRXSRWADJSP-MEDUHNTESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003158 myorelaxant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N myricetin Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C=2OC3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C=2)=C1 PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007743 myricetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116852 myricetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JORAUNFTUVJTNG-BSTBCYLQSA-N n-[(2s)-4-amino-1-[[(2s,3r)-1-[[(2s)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3s,6s,9s,12s,15r,18s,21s)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-h Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)CN[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC1=O.CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)CN[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC1=O JORAUNFTUVJTNG-BSTBCYLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWPOSFSPZNDTMJ-UCWKZMIHSA-N nadolol Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CC2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C VWPOSFSPZNDTMJ-UCWKZMIHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004255 nadolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950011108 nemonapride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZVKXPPXCNUMUOR-CBRRPZDLSA-N neochrome Natural products CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)[C@@H]1O[C@]2(C)C[C@@H](O)CC(C)(C)C2=C1)C=CC=C(C)C=C=C3C(C)(C)C[C@@H](O)C[C@]3(C)O ZVKXPPXCNUMUOR-CBRRPZDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004927 neomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002362 neostigmine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LULNWZDBKTWDGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M neostigmine bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC([N+](C)(C)C)=C1 LULNWZDBKTWDGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PUUSSSIBPPTKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N neridronic acid Chemical class NCCCCCC(O)(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O PUUSSSIBPPTKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000715 nimodipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000227 nisoldipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001180 norfloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGJPXUAPXNRGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N norfloxacin Chemical compound C1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNCC1 OGJPXUAPXNRGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001158 nortriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010387 octyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000574 octyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NRPKURNSADTHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl gallate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NRPKURNSADTHLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940012843 omega-3 fatty acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Hydroxyampicillin Natural products O=C1N2C(C(O)=O)C(C)(C)SC2C1NC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRUUGTRCQOWXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pamidronate Chemical compound NCCC(O)(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O WRUUGTRCQOWXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940046231 pamidronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940055695 pancreatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001789 papaverine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002960 penicillins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011197 perejil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UTIQDNPUHSAVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N peridinin Natural products CC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)C(=C=CC(=CC=CC=CC=C2/OC(=O)C(=C2)C=CC34OC3(C)CC(O)CC4(C)C)C)C(C)(O)C1 UTIQDNPUHSAVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000762 perphenazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000482 pethidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenobarbital Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002695 phenobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003418 phenoxybenzamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BPLBGHOLXOTWMN-MBNYWOFBSA-N phenoxymethylpenicillin Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)COC1=CC=CC=C1 BPLBGHOLXOTWMN-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002036 phenytoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930184989 physalin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960001697 physostigmine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N physostigmine Chemical compound C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002292 piperacillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WCMIIGXFCMNQDS-IDYPWDAWSA-M piperacillin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(=O)N(CC)CCN1C(=O)N[C@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@@H](C([O-])=O)C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21 WCMIIGXFCMNQDS-IDYPWDAWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940081310 piperonal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000024 polymyxin B Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDJYMJULXQKGMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polymyxin E1 Natural products CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC1=O XDJYMJULXQKGMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNIWPHSUTGNZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N polymyxin E2 Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC1=O KNIWPHSUTGNZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005266 polymyxin b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N pravastatin Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@H](O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002965 pravastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMLFJZRZIOZGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-1-amine Chemical group CC=CN AMLFJZRZIOZGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWHAUXFOSRPERK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propafenone Chemical compound CCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 JWHAUXFOSRPERK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000203 propafenone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003712 propranolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075579 propyl gallate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N protochatechuic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940070687 psyllium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical class O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal hydrochloride Natural products CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008160 pyridoxine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011677 pyridoxine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940013788 quassia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000005875 quercetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001285 quercetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000948 quinine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N raffinose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013526 red clover Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NPCOQXAVBJJZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N reduced coenzyme Q9 Natural products COC1=C(O)C(C)=C(CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)C(O)=C1OC NPCOQXAVBJJZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SMSAPZICLFYVJS-QEGASFHISA-N rescinnamine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C([C]5C=CC(OC)=CC5=N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 SMSAPZICLFYVJS-QEGASFHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001965 rescinnamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BJOIZNZVOZKDIG-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C([C]5C=CC(OC)=CC5=N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 BJOIZNZVOZKDIG-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003147 reserpine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003340 retarding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CNYVJTJLUKKCGM-RGGGOQHISA-N rhodopin Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)CCCC(C)(C)O CNYVJTJLUKKCGM-RGGGOQHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNYVJTJLUKKCGM-MCBZMHSTSA-N rhodopin Natural products OC(CCC/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/CC/C=C(\C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C)(C)C CNYVJTJLUKKCGM-MCBZMHSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007273 rhodopinol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XMXRPRQNVZIVTC-WDTDMKEPSA-N rhodopinol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(CO)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(C)CCCC(C)(C)O XMXRPRQNVZIVTC-WDTDMKEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019246 rhodoxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940089617 risedronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-MRXNPFEDSA-N rosemarinic acid Natural products C([C@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 DOUMFZQKYFQNTF-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020748 rosemary extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MDMGHDFNKNZPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N roserpine Natural products C1C2CN3CCC(C4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N4)=C4C3CC2C(OC(C)=O)C(OC)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 MDMGHDFNKNZPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVHVQJFBWRLYOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rosmarinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(Cc1ccc(O)c(O)c1)OC(=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)C=O TVHVQJFBWRLYOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009514 rubixanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000455 rubixanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABTRFGSPYXCGMR-SDPRXREBSA-N rubixanthin Natural products O[C@H]1CC(C)(C)C(/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=C(\CC/C=C(\C)/C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C)=C(C)C1 ABTRFGSPYXCGMR-SDPRXREBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBYXPOFIGCOSSB-UQGDGPGGSA-N rumenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O JBYXPOFIGCOSSB-UQGDGPGGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002181 saccharomyces boulardii Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940112950 sage extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020752 sage extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002052 salbutamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SJOXEWUZWQYCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid menthyl ester Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O SJOXEWUZWQYCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000008113 selfheal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940124513 senna glycoside Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sinapinic acid Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC(O)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLQHGWZKKZPZEK-ZQFWBWLTSA-N sintaxanthin Chemical compound CC(=O)C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SLQHGWZKKZPZEK-ZQFWBWLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UERRVASYDCUNEJ-ALOUHAEOSA-N siphonein Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CC(=O)OCC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1C(=CC(O)CC1(C)C)C)/C)C(=O)CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C UERRVASYDCUNEJ-ALOUHAEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010352 sodium erythorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011655 sodium selenate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018716 sodium selenate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001881 sodium selenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJOCMTHZSURUFA-AXYGSFPTSA-N spheroidene Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C FJOCMTHZSURUFA-AXYGSFPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCZWKLBJYRVKPW-LYWCOASQSA-N spheroidene Natural products COC(C)(C)CC=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=CC(C)C=C/C=C(C)/CCC=C(/C)CC=C(C)C)C)C)C QCZWKLBJYRVKPW-LYWCOASQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZQBTJCYODOSV-HZUCFJANSA-N spirilloxanthin Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\CC(C)(C)OC VAZQBTJCYODOSV-HZUCFJANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQZIYBXSHAGNOE-XNSRJBNMSA-N stachyose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)O2)O)O1 UQZIYBXSHAGNOE-XNSRJBNMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- SKIVFJLNDNKQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 SKIVFJLNDNKQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002673 sulfacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005158 sulfamethizole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VACCAVUAMIDAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamethizole Chemical compound S1C(C)=NN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 VACCAVUAMIDAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YIBXWXOYFGZLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N syringic aldehyde Natural products CC12CCC(C3(CCC(=O)C(C)(C)C3CC=3)C)C=3C1(C)CCC2C1COC(C)(C)C(O)C(O)C1 YIBXWXOYFGZLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006534 syrosingopine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002613 tamsulosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001693 terazosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VCKUSRYTPJJLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N terazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1CCCO1 VCKUSRYTPJJLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000195 terbutaline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940063650 terramycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004577 thatch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000278 theophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002784 thioridazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005221 timolol maleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003802 tocotrienol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011731 tocotrienol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019148 tocotrienols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940068778 tocotrienols Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UPSPUYADGBWSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolmetin Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(CC(O)=O)N1C UPSPUYADGBWSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001017 tolmetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAEFJGPZEPGPGJ-FTOKITACSA-N torularhodinaldehyde Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)/C)/C)/C)C=O IAEFJGPZEPGPGJ-FTOKITACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N trans-4-coumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZQBTJCYODOSV-SRGNDVFZSA-N trans-Spirilloxanthin Natural products COC(C)(C)CC=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=CCC(C)(C)OC)/C)/C)/C VAZQBTJCYODOSV-SRGNDVFZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJIOGJUNALELMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-isoeugenol Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC)=CC=C1O BJIOGJUNALELMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N trans-isorenieratene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/c1c(C)ccc(C)c1C)C=CC=C(/C)C=Cc2c(C)ccc(C)c2C ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018991 trans-resveratrol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UYWAGRGNSA-N trichosanic acid Natural products CCCCC=C/C=C/C=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UYWAGRGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEWQUBUPAILYHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoperazine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 ZEWQUBUPAILYHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002324 trifluoperazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960000497 trovafloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVPSKSLAZQPAKQ-CDMJZVDBSA-N trovafloxacin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]1C1)N)N1C(C(=CC=1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=C2)F)=NC=1N2C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F WVPSKSLAZQPAKQ-CDMJZVDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004330 tyrosol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004747 ubidecarenone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940035936 ubiquinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000016788 valerian Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WKOLLVMJNQIZCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1O WKOLLVMJNQIZCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUUBOHWZSQXCSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillic acid Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 TUUBOHWZSQXCSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019158 vitamin B6 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011726 vitamin B6 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010497 wheat germ oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000228158 x Triticosecale Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001231 zea mays silk Substances 0.000 description 1
- XACHQDDXHDTRLX-HZXCUAKRSA-N zeaxanthin dipalmitate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CC(C)=C1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CC1(C)C XACHQDDXHDTRLX-HZXCUAKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N zidovudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](N=[N+]=[N-])C1 HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XRASPMIURGNCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zoledronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(P(O)(O)=O)(O)CN1C=CN=C1 XRASPMIURGNCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004276 zoledronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019145 α-tocotrienol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RZFHLOLGZPDCHJ-XZXLULOTSA-N α-tocotrienol group Chemical group C[C@@]1(OC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2CC1)C)O)C)C)CC\C=C(\CC\C=C(\CCC=C(C)C)/C)/C RZFHLOLGZPDCHJ-XZXLULOTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQKVQNUNGXYNOJ-KQXPAGOKSA-N β-carotenone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCCC(C)(C)C(=O)\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C/C(=O)C(C)(C)CCCC(C)=O UQKVQNUNGXYNOJ-KQXPAGOKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019151 β-tocotrienol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003782 β-tocotrienols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019150 γ-tocotrienol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003786 γ-tocotrienols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019144 δ-tocotrienol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003790 δ-tocotrienols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
- A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
- A23K40/35—Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/269—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of microbial origin, e.g. xanthan or dextran
- A23L29/272—Gellan
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
- A23P20/10—Coating with edible coatings, e.g. with oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/131—Amines acyclic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-aminoacids, e.g. alanine, edetic acids [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/501—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5015—Organic compounds, e.g. fats, sugars
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5026—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5036—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/5042—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. phthalate or acetate succinate esters of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
- A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
本发明涉及包含第一聚合物的基质和层组合物。基质和层组合物可用于生物活性剂的递送。特别是,基质和层可具有有利的性质,包括机械性质和生物活性剂的保护作用并也可提供生物活性剂的pH‑依赖性释放。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及基质和层组合物。基质和层组合物可用于生物活性剂的递送和保护。
发明背景
对人和动物饮食补充必需氨基酸和/或其它生物活性剂改善健康和性能。生物活性剂对降解可能是敏感的,但还需要具有特定的释放曲线。将生物活性剂组合在特定的基质组合物中或将生物活性剂与包含聚合物的层包衣组合物组合是递送具有所需释放曲线的受保护生物活性剂的一种方法。提供氨基酸和/或生物活性剂给反刍动物尤其是挑战性的,因为在生物活性剂可被动物吸收和利用前,瘤胃中的微生物可能消化和降解目的生物活性剂。多年来,已采取各种保护方法,但结果不一。因此,需要的是一种改进的用于保护生物活性剂的手段。特别是,提供pH-依赖性释放的组合物在生物活性剂的递送中提供优势。
发明概述
在本公开的一个方面,提供包含在芯上形成的层的组合物。所述芯包含生物活性剂而所述层包含含有式(I)重复单元的第一聚合物:
其中,
R2、R4和R5独立地选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
R6选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
R7是任选存在的,当存在时其选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
Z选自硫、砜、亚砜和硒;
n是≥ 1的整数;和
m是> 1的整数。
在本公开的另一方面,提供一种凝聚组合物,其包含大量的包埋在基质中的生物活性剂。所述基质包含含有式(I)重复单元的第一聚合物:
其中,
R2、R4和R5独立地选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
R6选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
R7是任选存在的,当存在时其选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
Z选自硫、砜、亚砜和硒;
n是≥ 1的整数;和
m是> 1的整数。
本公开的其它重述在下文更详细地提供。
参考彩色图
本专利或申请文件含有至少一个用彩色绘制的图。附有彩色图的本专利或专利申请的拷贝将应请求和支付必要的费用由官方(Office)提供。
附图简述
图1记载2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸(HMTBa)从各种包衣颗粒制剂的pH依赖性释放,这描述于表1和2中。显示了在pH 2.5或6.5随时间而变化的释放。图1A显示从原型1的释放。图1B表示从原型2的释放。图1C显示从原型3和4的释放。图1D表示从原型5的释放。图1E显示从原型6和7的释放。
图2说明包衣颗粒(其组成在表1和2中描述)的原位降解。图2A表示瘤胃中随时间而变化的剩余干物质百分比。图2B表示每个样品在24小时时的剩余干物质百分比。
图3显示HMTBa在pH 2.5和6.5下从凝聚的基质制剂的体外释放。
图4表示HMTBa从指定制剂随pH和时间而变化的体外释放。样品在pH 6.5孵育0-16小时的时间,在pH 2.5孵育16小时-18小时和在pH 6.5孵育18小时-40小时。
图5记载在体外模拟袋试验中从包衣颗粒的释放。包衣颗粒的组成详述于表6中。显示了随pH变化而释放的HMTBa的百分比。
图6表示详述于表6中的包衣颗粒在pH 2.5的体外释放动力学。显示了随时间推移释放的HMTBa的百分比。
图7显示详述于表7中的包衣颗粒和参照制剂的物理弹性。对在指定次数的重物撞击后释放的HMTBa或D,L-甲硫氨酸的百分比作图。
图8表示在原位模拟袋试验中从详述于表7中的包衣颗粒和参照制剂的释放。对随pH变化而释放的HMTBa或D,L-甲硫氨酸的百分比作图。
图9显示在pH 2.5下详述于表7中的包衣颗粒和参照制剂的体外释放动力学。显示了HMTBa或D,L-甲硫氨酸随时间推移释放的百分比。
发明详述
I.包含在芯上形成的层的组合物
本公开提供包含在芯上形成的层的组合物。如本文更详细描述的,所述层包含具有式(I)重复单元的第一聚合物而所述芯包含生物活性剂。
(a). 层
组合物的层包含第一聚合物。第一聚合物包含式(I)的重复单元:
其中,
R2、R4和R5独立地选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
R6选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
R7是任选存在的,当存在时其选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
Z选自硫、砜、亚砜和硒;
n是≥ 1的整数;和
m是> 1的整数。
在一些实施方案中,R2可选自烃基、取代的烃基和氢。在一些实施方案中,R2可以是低级链烷基,包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基和己基。在另一实施方案中,R2可以是苯基、苄基,或取代的苯基或苄基。在优选的实施方案中,R2可以是氢。
R4和R5独立地选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基。-(CR4R5)n-可构成烃基链,其可以是线性或分支的,其中n表示链中连接的碳原子数。在各实施方案中,n可等于或大于1。在一些实施方案中,n可在1至20的范围内,烃基链包含1至20个连接的碳原子。在一个实施方案中,n可在1至5的范围内。在还有的另一个实施方案中,n可等于2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19,或20。R4和R5可以是整个链上的氢,在其它方面,选择的R4和R5可以是烃基或取代的烃基。
式(I)也含有杂原子Z基团。在一些实施方案中,Z可以是硒、硫、亚砜或砜基团。硒或硫原子可以荷电和/或在分子内以各种氧化态存在。在Z携带电荷时,组合物可进一步包含反离子,包括,但不限于锂、钠、钾、钙、镁等。
式(I)中的R6可选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基。当R6是烃基时,它可以是任何烷基链,但优选地是低级链烷基如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基,或己基。低级烷基可另外是分支的或环状的。非限制性实例包括异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基等。在另一实施方案中,R6可以是苯基、苄基,或取代的苯基或苄基。在一个示例性实施方案中,R6可以是甲基。
R7可任选地存在于包含式(I)的重复单元中。当R7存在时,其选自烃基、取代的烃基和氢。当R7是烃基时,它可以是任何烷基,但优选地是低级链烷基如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基,或己基。低级烷基可另外是分支的或环状的,非限制性实例包括异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基等。在另一实施方案中,R7可以是苯基、苄基,或取代的苯基或苄基。在进一步的实施方案中,R7可以是氢。
第一聚合物的分子量在不同的实施方案中可以并将变化。变量m表示聚合物中的重复单元的数目。一般地,m大于1。在一个实施方案中,m大于2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19,或20。在其它实施方案中,m可以大于20。在特定的实施方案中,m的范围为2至10。
在一些实施方案中,第一聚合物的分子量可以是至少500 Da,或至少600 Da,或至少700 Da,或至少800 Da,或至少900 Da,或至少1,000 Da,或至少1,100 Da,或至少1,200Da,或至少1,300 Da,或至少1,400 Da,或至少1,500 Da,或至少1,600 Da,或至少1,700Da,或至少1,800 Da,或至少1,900 Da,或至少2,000 Da。在另一方面,聚合物的分子量范围可在800 Da至约10,000 Da,或约2,000 Da至约5,000 Da,或约2,000 Da至约10,000 Da。在进一步的实施方案中,聚合物的分子量可大于约10,000 Da。聚合物的混合物的重量可表征为其重均分子量。在某些方面,聚合物的重均分子量可以是至少500 Da,或至少600 Da,或至少700 Da,或至少800 Da,或至少900 Da,或至少1,000 Da,或至少1,100 Da,或至少1,200 Da,或至少1,300 Da,或至少1,400 Da,或至少1,500 Da,或至少1,600 Da,或至少1,700 Da,或至少1,800 Da,或至少1,900 Da,或至少2,000 Da。在其它方面,重均分子量可以是约2,000 Da,约3,000 Da,约4,000 Da,或约5,000 Da。分子量可通过凝胶渗透色谱法或本领域已知的其它方法测定。
在某些实施方案中,第一聚合物也可由单体百分比表征。单体百分比是为单体的聚合物组成的百分比。在某些方面,单体百分比少于20%。在其它方面,单体百分比少于15%。更优选地,单体百分比少于10%。在各个方面,单体百分比少于9%、少于8%、少于7%、少于6%、少于5%、少于4%、少于3%、少于2%,或少于1%。
在一个优选的实施方案中,第一聚合物包含含有式(II)的重复单元:
其中,R2、R6、R7、Z、n和m如对式(I)所定义。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,第一聚合物包含含有式(IIa)的重复单元:
其中,R6、R7和m如对式(I)所定义和Z选自硫、砜、亚砜和硒。
在另一个示例性实施方案中,第一聚合物包含含有式(III)的重复单元:
其中,m如对式(I)所定义。
在本发明的某些方面,第一聚合物可具有手性中心。特别是,在式(I)、(II)或(III)化合物中的羰基单元的α碳可以是手性的并可具有R或S构型。在一些实施方案中,在该位置的构型可以是R。在其它实施方案中,在该位置的构型可以是S。在各个方面,重复单元可以全部为R,全部为S,或包含R和S重复单元的组合,例如,重复单元的构型可以嵌段或无规交替。
包含第一聚合物的层可包含至少一种额外试剂。额外试剂可选自聚合物,包括结晶和半-结晶聚合物。合适聚合物的实例,不受限制,为以下的聚合物:丙烯酸酯、氨基丙烯酸酯、亚烷基琥珀酸酯、亚烷基草酸酯、酰胺、氨基酸、酸酐、芳基化物(arylate)、碳酸酯、纤维素(包括,但不限于,羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素)、己内酯、氰基丙烯酸酯、二氢吡喃、二氧杂环己烷、二氧杂环己酮、醚醚酮、乙二醇、富马酸酯、羟基烷酸酯、羟基-酯、酰亚胺、缩酮、丙交酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基烯烃、原酸酯、膦嗪(phosphazines)、苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、尿烷、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯酮、乙烯基卤化物、衍生物、异构体,及其混合物。额外试剂也可以是蜡,包括天然和合成蜡;脂肪酸,包括C12-C30脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯,包括甘油一酸酯、甘油二酸酯和甘油三酸酯。非限制性实例包括芥花籽油、椰子油、玉米油、棉籽油、月桂酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈油、棕榈酸、豆油、大豆油、硬脂酸、硬脂酸甘油酯、葵花籽油、植物油,及其组合。油可以是氢化的、非-氢化的,或部分氢化的。额外试剂可以是流动剂,包括碳酸盐和滑石粉及其组合。碳酸盐可选自碳酸铜、碳酸锌、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸钾、碳酸钠,及其组合。
在一个实施方案中,额外试剂是pH-敏感性聚合物并可选自天然和改性的聚合物(如壳聚糖),包括与单体的共混物。额外试剂可以是氨基型聚合物。氨基型聚合物包括,但不限于,吡啶、吡啶衍生物、氨基丙烯酸酯型单体,如二烷基氨基丙烯酸乙酯、苯乙烯、苯乙烯衍生物(如聚-2-乙烯基吡啶-苯乙烯共聚物)、丙烯腈、丙烯酸的丙烯酸酯型单体、乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯基取代的含氮稠合的杂环(如乙烯基咔唑、乙烯基喹诺酮和N-乙烯基吡咯)。在一个优选的实施方案中,额外试剂是聚-2-乙烯基吡啶-苯乙烯共聚物。
在一个备选的实施方案中,层组合物不含乙基纤维素。
在一些实施方案中,第一聚合物包含100%的层。在其它实施方案中,第一聚合物为约5%至约50%重量的层和额外试剂包含约50%至约95%重量的层。在各个实施方案中,额外试剂包含约50%、60%、70%、80%,或90%的层。在层中提供两种或更多种额外试剂的实施方案中,每种试剂可以不受限制的任何比例提供。
层的总重量百分比可以并将变化。在一些实施方案中,层的范围在约1%至约50%重量的总组合物。更优选地,层的范围在约5%至约15%重量,或约8%至约12%重量。在一些实施方案中,层的总重量百分比少于约1%、少于约2%、少于约3%、少于约4%、少于约5%、少于约6%、少于约7%、少于约8%、少于约9%、少于约10%、少于约11%、少于约12%、少于约13%、少于约14%或少于约15 %重量。
(b). 芯
组合物还包含含有生物活性剂的芯。在一些实施方案中,所述芯含有一种生物活性剂。在其它实施方案中,所述芯含有超过一种生物活性剂。当超过一种生物活性剂存在于芯中时,它们可以任何比例提供。例如,当存在两种生物活性剂时,它们可以约99:1、95:5、90:10、85:15、80:20、75:25、70:30、65:35、60:40、55:45,或50:50重量百分比的比例存在,或以所列比例之间的任何比例存在。当存在超过两种生物活性剂时,它们可类似地以不受限制的任何比例存在。
生物活性剂可以约20%至约90%的总组合物的重量存在于芯组合物中。在一些实施方案中,生物活性剂为约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约80%、约90%,或约99%重量的总组合物。在一个优选的实施方案中,生物活性剂以约80%至约90%,或85%至约95%,或约95%至约99%重量的总组合物的量存在。
i. 生物活性剂
生物活性剂可选自任何生物学相关分子。生物活性剂的非限制性实例包括维生素、矿物质(如,有机的或无机的)、抗氧化剂、有机酸、多不饱和脂肪酸(“PUFA”)、精油、药用活性剂、氨基酸或氨基酸类似物、酶、益生元(prebiotics)、益生菌(probiotics)、草药和色素。
合适的维生素包括维生素C、维生素A、维生素E、维生素B12、维生素K、核黄素、烟酸、维生素D、维生素B6、叶酸、吡哆醇、硫胺素、泛酸和生物素。维生素的形式可包括维生素的盐、维生素的衍生物、具有维生素的相同或类似活性的化合物和维生素的代谢物。
合适的有机痕量矿物质可包括包含金属离子和氨基酸配体的金属螯合物。或者,有机的痕量矿物质可以是包含金属离子和氨基酸阴离子的金属盐。金属离子可选自锌离子、铜离子、锰离子、铁离子、铬离子、钴离子、镁离子、钙离子,及其组合。氨基酸可选自丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸,或它们的羟基类似物。在某些实施方案中,铜和锌离子优选地是二价的,即每个离子携带2+的电荷。螯合物分子中氨基酸与金属离子的摩尔比一般可以在1:1至3:1或更高而变化。典型地,金属螯合物可包含1:1、2:1和3:1物类的混合物。优选地,螯合物分子中氨基酸与金属离子的摩尔比一般可以在1.5:1至2.5:1之间变化。在水性介质中,这些物类的相对比例通过适用的稳定常数确定。当配体的数目等于金属离子上的电荷时,所述电荷通常是平衡的,因为氨基酸的羧基部分呈去质子化形式。例如,在其中金属阳离子携带2+电荷和氨基酸与金属的比例是2:1的螯合物种类中,应理解羟基或氨基各自通过配位共价键结合至金属离子。当配体的数目超过金属离子上的电荷时,如,在二价金属离子的3:1螯合物中,电荷过量的氨基酸典型地可保持在质子化状态以平衡电荷。在其它方面,当金属离子上的正电荷超过氨基酸的数目时,电荷可通过存在另一阴离子,例如,氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、碳酸氢根、硫酸氢根、磷酸二氢根及其组合来平衡。二价阴离子也可存在。在示例性实施方案中,金属螯合物包含2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸(HMTBa)。
矿物质可以是无机痕量矿物质。合适的无机痕量矿物质包括,例如,金属硫酸盐、金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物、金属氯氧化物、金属碳酸盐和金属卤化物。作为非限制性实例,无机痕量矿物质可以是硫酸铜、氧化铜、氯化铜,或碳酸铜。或者,无机痕量矿物质可以是硫酸锰、氯化锰,或一氧化锰。在另一个实施方案中,无机痕量矿物质可以是硫酸锌、氧化锌、氯化锌,或碳酸锌。在另外的实施方案中,无机痕量矿物质可以是亚硒酸钠或硒酸钠。
合适的抗氧化剂包括,但不限于,抗坏血酸及其盐、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯、阿诺克索默(anoxomer)、正-乙酰基半胱氨酸、异硫氰酸苄酯、间-氨基苯甲酸、邻-氨基苯甲酸、对-氨基苯甲酸(PABA)、丁羟茴醚(BHA)、丁羟甲苯(BHT)、咖啡酸、炭萨黄素(canthaxantin)、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-脱辅基-胡萝卜素酸、鼠尾草酚、香芹酚、儿茶酚、没食子酸十六烷基酯、绿原酸、柠檬酸及其盐、丁香提取物、咖啡豆提取物、对香豆酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸、N,N’-二苯基-对苯二胺(DPPD)、硫代二丙酸双月桂酯、硫代二丙酸双硬脂酰酯、2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、没食子酸月桂酯、依地酸、鞣花酸、异抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸钠,七叶亭(esculetin),七叶灵(esculin)、6-乙氧基-1,2-二氢-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉(乙氧喹(ethoxyquin))、没食子酸乙酯、乙基麦芽酚、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、桉树提取物、丁香酚、阿魏酸、类黄酮(如,儿茶酚、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子酸儿茶素(epigallocatechin) (EGC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、多酚表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯、黄酮(如,芹菜素、白杨素、木犀草素)、黄酮醇(如,橡精、杨梅酮、daemfero)、黄烷酮、秦皮素、富马酸,没食子酸,龙胆提取物、葡萄糖酸、甘氨酸、愈创木脂、橙皮素、α-羟基苄基次膦酸、羟基肉桂酸、羟基戊二酸、氢醌、n-羟基琥珀酸、羟基酪醇(hydroxytryrosol)、羟基脲、米糠提取物、乳酸及其盐、卵磷脂、卵磷脂柠檬酸盐;R-α-硫辛酸、叶黄素、番茄红素、苹果酸、麦芽酚、5-甲氧色胺、没食子酸甲酯、柠檬酸甘油一酯;柠檬酸一异丙基酯;桑色素(morin)、β-萘黄酮、去甲二氢愈创木酸(NDGA)、没食子酸辛酯、草酸、柠檬酸棕榈酰酯、吩噻嗪、磷脂酰胆碱、磷酸、磷酸盐、植酸、phytylubichromel、甘椒提取物、没食子酸丙酯、多磷酸盐、槲皮素、反式-白藜芦醇、迷迭香提取物、迷迭香酸、鼠尾草提取物、芝麻酚、水飞蓟素、芥子酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸硬脂酰酯、丁香酸、酒石酸、麝香草酚、生育酚(即,α-、β-、γ-和δ-生育酚)、生育三烯酚(即α-、β-、γ-和δ-生育三烯酚)、酪醇、香草酸、2,6-二叔丁基-4-羟基甲基苯酚(即Ionox 100)、2,4-(三-3’,5’-二叔丁基-4’-羟基苄基)-均三甲苯(即Ionox330)、2,4,5-三羟基丁酰苯、泛醌、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、硫代二丙酸、三羟基丁酰苯、色胺、酪胺、尿酸、维生素K和衍生物、维生素Q10、小麦胚芽油、玉米黄质,或其组合。
由羧酸组成的多种有机酸是合适的。在一个实施方案中,有机酸可含有约1至约25个碳原子。在另一个实施方案中,有机酸可具有约3至约22个碳原子。在进一步的实施方案中,有机酸可含有约3至约12个碳原子。在还有的另一个实施方案中,有机酸可含有约8至约12个碳原子。在还有的另一个实施方案中,有机酸可含有约2至约6个碳原子。合适的有机酸,作为非限制性实例,包括甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、苯甲酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、扁桃酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、山梨酸、硼酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、乙醇酸、肉桂醛和戊二酸。
包含羧酸的有机酸的盐也适合于某些实施方案。代表性的合适盐包括有机酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜和锌盐。在一个实施方案中,有机酸是甲酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在另一个实施方案中,有机酸是乙酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在还有的另一个实施方案中,有机酸是丙酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在一个另外的实施方案中,有机酸是丁酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在进一步的实施方案中,有机酸是苯甲酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在还有的另一个实施方案中,有机酸是乳酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在还有的另一个实施方案中,有机酸是苹果酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在还有的另一个实施方案中,有机酸是酒石酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在进一步的实施方案中,有机酸是扁桃酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在还有的另一个实施方案中,有机酸是柠檬酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在一个另外的实施方案中,有机酸是富马酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在一个另外的实施方案中,有机酸是山梨酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在另一个实施方案中,有机酸是硼酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在还有的另一个实施方案中,有机酸是琥珀酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在另一个实施方案中,有机酸是己二酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在还有的另一个实施方案中,有机酸是乙醇酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。在一个另外的实施方案中,有机酸是戊二酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜,或锌盐。
或者,有机酸可由取代的羧酸组成。取代的羧酸一般具有与以上对羧酸所详述的那些相同的特征,但烃基链已被修饰以使其为分支的,为环结构的部分,或含有一些其它的取代。在一个实施方案中,取代的羧酸可含有一个或多个另外的羧基。饱和的二羧酸包括丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸而不饱和的二羧酸包括马来酸和富马酸。在另一个实施方案中,取代的羧酸可含有一个或多个羟基。在α碳(即,与羧基碳相邻的碳)上具有羟基的取代的羧酸,通常称为α-羟基羧酸。合适的α-羟基羧酸的实例包括乙醇酸、乳酸、苹果酸和酒石酸。在一个备选的实施方案中,取代的羧酸可含有一个或多个羰基。在还有的另一个实施方案中,取代的羧酸可含有在α碳上的氨基,即为α-氨基酸。在一个实施方案中,α-氨基酸可以是20个标准氨基酸或其衍生物之一。在另一个实施方案中,α-氨基酸可以是必需α-氨基酸,其选自精氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和缬氨酸。包含取代的羧酸的有机酸的盐也适合于某些实施方案。代表性的合适盐包括包含取代的羧酸的有机酸的铵、镁、钙、锂、钠、钾、硒、铁、铜和锌盐。
合适的PUFA包括具有至少18个碳原子和至少2个碳-碳双键的长链脂肪酸,一般呈顺式-构型。在示例性实施方案中,PUFA是ω脂肪酸。PUFA可以是ω-3脂肪酸,其中第一个双键出现在自碳链的甲基端的第三个碳-碳键(即与羧酸基团相对)。ω-3脂肪酸的合适实例包括全顺式7,10,13-十六碳三烯酸;全顺式-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(α-亚麻酸,ALA);全顺式-6,9,12,15,-十八碳四烯酸(硬脂四烯酸);全顺式-8,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸(二十碳四烯酸);全顺式-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(二十碳五烯酸,EPA);全顺式-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯酸(鱼泡酸,DPA);全顺式-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸(二十二碳六烯酸,DHA);全顺式-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸;和全顺式-6,9,12,15,18,21-二十四碳六烯酸(鲱酸)。在一个备选的实施方案中,PUFA可以是ω-6脂肪酸,其中第一个双键出现在自碳链的甲基端的第六个碳-碳键处。ω-6脂肪酸的实例包括全顺式-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸);全顺式-6,9,12-十八碳三烯酸(γ-亚麻酸,GLA);全顺式-11,14-二十碳二烯酸(二十碳二烯酸);全顺式-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸(双高-γ-亚麻酸,DGLA);全顺式-5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸(花生四烯酸、AA);全顺式-13,16-二十二碳二烯酸(二十二碳二烯酸);全顺式-7,10,13,16-二十二碳四烯酸(肾上腺酸);和全顺式-4,7,10,13,16-二十二碳五烯酸(二十二碳五烯酸)。在还一个备选的实施方案中,PUFA可以是ω-9脂肪酸,其中第一个双键出现在自碳链的甲基端的第九个碳-碳键上,或是共轭脂肪酸,其中至少一对双键只由一个单键分开。ω-9脂肪酸的合适实例包括顺式-9-十八碳烯酸(油酸);顺式-11-二十碳烯酸(二十碳烯酸);全顺式-5,8,11-二十碳三烯酸(米德酸);顺式-13-二十二碳单烯酸(芥酸)和顺式-15-二十四碳单烯酸(神经酸)。共轭脂肪酸的实例包括9Z,11E-十八碳-9,11-二烯酸(瘤胃酸);10E,12Z-十八碳-9,11-二烯酸;8E,10E,12Z-十八碳三烯酸(α-金盏酸(calendic acid);8E,10E,12E-十八碳三烯酸(ß-金盏酸);8E,10Z,12E-十八碳三烯酸(兰花酸);9E,11E,13Z-十八碳-9,11,13-三烯酸(α-桐酸);9E,11E,13E-十八碳-9,11,13-三烯酸(ß-桐酸);9Z,11Z,13E-十八碳-9,11,13-三烯酸(梓油酸)和9E,11Z,13E-十八碳-9,11,13-三烯酸(石榴酸)。
合适的精油包括,但不限于,薄荷油、肉桂叶油、柠檬草油、丁香油,蓖麻油,冬青油、甜橙、薄荷油、雪松油(ceaderwood oil)、醛C16、α-松油醇、戊基肉桂醛、水杨酸戊酯、茴香醛、苯甲醇、乙酸苄酯,樟脑、辣椒素、肉桂醛、肉桂醇、香芹酚、香芹醇、柠檬醛、香茅醛、香茅醇、对伞花烃、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、水杨酸二甲酯、一缩二丙二醇、桉油精(桉叶素)、丁香酚,异丁香酚,佳乐麝香(galaxolide),香叶醇,愈创木酚、紫罗兰酮、山苍籽油(listeacubea)、薄荷脑、水杨酸薄荷酯、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、甲基紫罗兰酮、水杨酸甲酯、a-水芹烯、薄荷油、紫苏醛、1-或2-苯基乙基醇、1-或2-苯基乙基丙酸酯、胡椒醛、乙酸胡椒基酯、胡椒醇,D-胡薄荷酮、松油烯-4-醇,乙酸松油酯、4-叔丁基环己基乙酸酯、百里香油、百里酚、反式茴香脑代谢物、香兰素、乙基香兰素、类似的组合物,及其组合。
益生菌和益生元可包括有助于建立免疫保护性瘤胃或肠道微生物群的酵母和细菌以及小的寡糖。作为非限制性实例,源自酵母的益生菌和益生元包括酵母细胞壁衍生的成分如β-葡聚糖、阿拉伯木聚糖、异麦芽糖、琼寡糖、低聚乳果糖、环糊精、乳糖、低聚果糖、昆布庚糖、乳果糖、β-低聚半乳糖、低聚甘露糖、棉子糖、水苏糖、低聚果糖、葡萄糖基蔗糖、蔗糖热低聚糖、异麦芽酮糖(isomalturose)、焦糖、菊粉和低聚木糖。在示例性实施方案中,酵母-衍生的物质可以是β-葡聚糖和/或低聚甘露糖。酵母细胞壁衍生的成分的来源包括二孢酵母(Saccharomyces bisporus)、布拉酵母(Saccharomyces boulardii)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、复膜孢酵母(Saccharomyces capsularis)、德尔布酵母(Saccharomyces delbrueckii)、发酵酵母(Saccharomyces fermentati)、Saccharomyceslugwigii、小椭圆酵母(Saccharomyces microellipsoides)、巴斯德酵母酵母(Saccharomyces pastorianus)、罗氏酵母(Saccharomyces rosei)、白色假丝酵母、阴沟假丝酵母(Candida cloaceae)、热带假丝酵母、产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)、白地霉(Geotrichum candidum)、美洲汉森酵母(Hansenula americana)、异常汉逊酵母(Hansenula anomala)、温奇汉森酵母(Hansenula wingei)和米曲霉(Aspergillusoryzae)。
益生菌和益生元也可包括细菌细胞壁衍生的物质如肽聚糖和从具有高肽聚糖含量的革兰氏阳性菌衍生的其它成分。示例性革兰氏阳性菌包括嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillusacidophilus)、嗜热双歧杆菌(Bifedobact thermophilum)、长双歧杆菌(Bifedobatlonghum)、粪链球菌(Streptococcus faecium)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)、屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)、两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidium)、产丙酸丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium acidipropionici)、费氏丙酸杆菌(Propionibacteriiumfreudenreichii)和假长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium pseudolongum)。
生物活性剂可以是氨基酸或氨基酸类似物。非-限制性合适的氨基酸为丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸,或其它已知的氨基酸。氨基酸类似物包括α-羟基类似物,以及侧链保护的类似物或N-衍生的氨基酸(包括2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸或其相应的盐)。在一个实施方案中,生物活性剂是2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸的钙盐。
生物活性剂也可以是酶。如本文所用的,变体被理解为包括在术语酶中。酶的合适的非限制性实例包括淀粉酶、糖酶、纤维素酶、酯酶、半乳糖酶(galactonase)、半乳糖苷酶、葡聚糖酶、半纤维素酶、水解酶、脂肪酶、氧化还原酶、果胶酶、肽酶、磷酸酶、磷脂酶、植酸酶、蛋白酶、转移酶、木聚糖酶,及其组合。
如本文所用的合适的草药和草药衍生物,指草药提取物和从植物和植物部分,如叶、花和根(不受限制)衍生的物质。非-限制性示例性草药和草药衍生物包括龙芽草、苜蓿草、芦荟、苋菜、当归、茴芹、伏牛花、罗勒、香叶多香果、蜂花粉(bee pollen)、桦树、拳参、黑莓、黑升麻、黑胡桃、有福蓟、蓝升麻、蓝花马鞭草、佩兰、琉璃苣、南非香叶木、沙棘(buckthorn)、夏枯草、牛蒡属、辣椒、辣椒粉、香菜、鼠李皮(cascara sagrada)、猫薄荷、芹菜、矢车菊、甘菊、灌木丛、繁缕、菊苣、金鸡纳皮、丁香、款冬、聚合草、玉米穗丝、茅草、荚迷皮(cramp bark)、香荚蒾(culver's root)、矢车菊(cyani)、矢车菊(cornflower)、达米阿那、蒲公英、爪钩草、当归、紫锥菊、土木香、麻黄、桉树、月见草、小米草、假麒麟、茴香、胡芦巴、玄参、亚麻籽、大蒜、龙胆草、生姜、人参、金印草、积雪草、树胶草、山楂、蛇麻草、苦薄荷、辣根、马尾、何首乌、八仙花属、牛膝草、冰岛苔、爱尔兰藓、加州希蒙得木、桧、海草、兜兰、柠檬草、甘草、北美半边莲、曼德拉草、金盏花、牛至、药属葵、槲寄生、毛蕊花、芥末、没药、荨麻、燕麦杆粉、俄勒冈葡萄、番木瓜、欧芹、西番莲、桃、薄荷、胡椒薄荷、长春花属、车前草、块根马利筋(pleurisy root)、美洲商陆、美洲花椒、欧车前、苦木、泽兰、红三叶、红树莓、雷德蒙粘土、大黄、玫瑰果、迷迭香、芸香、红花、藏红花、鼠尾草、金丝桃(St. John’s wort)、菝葜、檫木、锯叶棕、美黄芩、美远志、番泻树、荠菜、红榆、荷兰薄荷、甘松、孪果藤(squawvine)、草乌柏、草莓、伊贝树(taheebo)、百里香、熊果、缬草、紫罗兰、豆瓣菜、白橡木树皮、白松树皮、野樱桃、野莴苣、山药、柳树、冬青、北美金缕梅、水苏、苦艾、西洋蓍草、酸模、散塔草、丝兰及其组合。
合适的非限制性色素包括珊瑚红素(actinioerythrin)、茜素、虾青素(alloxanthin)、β-脱辅基-2'-胡萝卜素醛、脱辅基-2-番茄红素醛、脱辅基-6'-番茄红素醛、虾红素、虾青素、玄参红酸醛、菌红素(aacterioruberin)、aixin、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素酮、角黄素、辣椒黄素、辣椒玉红素、桔黄素(citranaxanthin)、柠黄质、藏红花酸、藏红花酸半醛、藏花素、甲壳黄素、隐辣椒质、α-隐黄质、β-隐黄质、cryptomonaxanthin、梳黄质、癸异戊二烯黄素、去氢金盏花红素(dehydroadonirubin)、硅甲藻黄素、1,4-二氨基-2,3-二氢蒽醌、1,4-二羟基蒽醌、2,2'-双酮螺菌黄素、花菱草类黄素(eschscholtzxanthin)、花菱草类黄素酮、屈曲黄素、foliachrome、岩藻黄质、尬赞黄素(gazaniaxanthin)、六氢番茄红素、hopkinsiaxanthin、羟基球形烯酮、异岩藻黄质(isofucoxanthin)、绿藻黄素(loroxanthin)、叶黄素、黄黄素、番茄红素、十氢番茄红素(lycopersene)、番茄黄素、桑酮、玉米黄质、新色素(neochrome)、新叶黄素、壬异戊二烯黄素、OH-绿菌烯、奥氏酮、颤藻黄素(oscillaxanthin)、paracentrone、扇贝醇酮(pectenolone)、梳黄质、多甲藻素、草分枝杆菌叶黄素、芬尼酮(phoeniconone)、芬尼黄酮(phoenicopterone)、芬尼黄质、酸浆果红素、六氢番茄红素、pyrrhoxanthininol、醌、视紫红质、玫红品(rhodopinal)、紫红醇、紫菌红醇、紫松果黄素、玉红黄素酮、腐菌黄素、半-α-胡萝卜酮、半-β-胡萝卜酮、sintaxanthin、管藻黄素、管藻素、球形烯、福橘黄素、红酵母红素、红酵母红素甲酯、圆酵母红素醛、红酵母烯(torulene)、1,2,4-三羟基蒽醌、臭橘黄素、金莲花色素(trollichrome)、无隔藻黄素、紫黄素、wamingone、叶黄素、玉米黄质、α-玉米胡萝卜素及其组合。
合适的非限制性药学上可接受的试剂包括酸/碱-不稳定的药物、pH依赖性药物、或为弱酸或弱碱的药物。酸-不稳定的药物的实例包括他汀类(如、普伐他汀、氟伐他汀和阿托伐他汀)、抗生素(如、青霉素G、氨苄青霉素、链霉素、红霉素、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素)、核苷类似物[如、双脱氧肌苷(ddI或去羟肌苷)、双脱氧腺苷(ddA)、双脱氧胞苷(ddC)]、水杨酸酯(例如、阿司匹林)、地高辛、安非他酮、胰液素、咪达唑仑、和美沙酮。仅在酸性pH下可溶的药物包括硝苯地平、依莫必利、尼卡地平、氨磺洛尔、那可丁、普罗帕酮、奎宁、双嘧达莫、交沙霉素、地来洛尔、拉贝洛尔、依尼前列素、和甲硝哒唑。为弱酸的药物包括苯巴比妥、苯妥英、齐多夫定(AZT)、水杨酸酯(如、阿司匹林)、丙酸化合物(如、布洛芬)、吲哚衍生物(如、吲哚美辛)、芬那酸酯(fenamate)化合物(如、甲氯芬那酸)、吡咯链烷酸化合物(如、托美丁)、头孢菌素(如、先锋霉素、头孢氨苄、头孢唑啉、头孢拉定、头孢匹林、头孢孟多、和头孢西丁)、6-氟喹喏酮、和前列腺素。为弱碱的药物包括肾上腺素能剂(如、麻黄碱、去氧麻黄碱、苯肾上腺素、肾上腺素、沙丁胺醇、和特布他林)、胆碱能剂(如、毒扁豆碱、新斯的明)、解痉剂(如、阿托品、乙胺太林、和罂粟碱)、箭毒样药物(如、氯异吲哚铵(chlorisondamine))、镇静剂和肌肉松弛剂(如、氟奋乃静、硫利达嗪、三氟拉嗪、氯丙嗪、和三氟丙嗪)、抗抑郁药(如、阿米替林和去甲替林)、抗组胺药(如、苯海拉明、氯苯那敏、茶苯海明、吡苄明、奋乃静、氯苯那敏(chlorprophenazine)、和氯苯吡胺)、心脏活性剂(如、维拉帕米、地尔硫、gallapomil、桂利嗪、普萘洛尔、美托洛尔和纳多洛尔)、抗疟药(如、氯喹)、镇痛药(如、丙氧芬和哌替啶)、抗真菌剂(如、酮康唑和伊曲康唑)、抗菌剂(如、头孢泊肟、普塞、和依诺沙星)、咖啡因、茶碱、和吗啡。在另一个实施方案中、药物可以是双膦酸盐或另一个用来治疗骨质疏松症的药物。双膦酸盐的非限制性实例包括阿仑膦酸盐、伊班膦酸盐、利塞膦酸盐、唑来膦酸盐、帕米膦酸盐、奈立膦酸盐、奥帕膦酸盐、依替膦酸盐、氯膦酸盐、和替鲁膦酸盐(tiludronate)。其它合适的药物包括雌激素、选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERMs)、和甲状旁腺激素(PTH)药物。在还有的另一个实施方案中、药物可以是抗菌剂。合适的抗生素包括氨基糖苷类(如、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、奈替米星(netilmicin)、链霉素、和妥布霉素)、carbecephems (如、氯碳头孢)、碳青霉烯类(如,certapenem、亚胺培南、和美罗培南)、头孢菌素(如、头孢羟氨苄头孢唑啉、头孢氨苄、头孢克罗、头孢孟多、头孢氨苄、头孢西丁、头孢丙烯、头孢呋辛、头孢克肟、头孢地尼、头孢妥仑、头孢哌酮、头孢噻肟、头孢泊肟、头孢他啶、头孢布烯、头孢唑肟、和头孢曲松)、大环内酯类(如、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、地红霉素、红霉素、和醋竹桃霉素(troleandomycin))、单酰胺菌素、青霉素类(如、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、羧苄西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、萘夫西林、苯唑西林、青霉素G、青霉素V、哌拉西林、替卡西林)、多肽(如、杆菌肽、粘菌素、和多粘菌素B)、喹诺酮(如、环丙沙星、依诺沙星、加替沙星、左氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、莫西沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、和曲伐沙星)、磺酰胺类(如、磺胺米隆、乙酰磺胺、磺胺甲二唑、柳氮磺吡啶、磺胺异噁唑、和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑)、和四环素类(如、地美环素、多西环素、二甲胺四环素、和土霉素)。在一个备选的实施方案中,药物可以是抗病毒蛋白酶抑制剂(如、安普那韦、福沙那韦、茚地那韦、洛匹那韦/利托那韦、利托那韦、沙奎那韦、和奈非那韦)。在还有的另一个实施方案中、药物可以是心血管药物。合适的心血管药物的实例包括强心药(如、洋地黄类药物(地高辛)、泛癸利酮、和多巴胺)、血管扩张剂(如、硝酸甘油、卡托普利、双肼屈嗪、地尔硫、和硝酸异山梨酯)、抗高血压药(如、α-甲基多巴、氯噻酮、利血平、昔洛舍平、瑞西那明、哌唑嗪、酚妥拉明、非洛地平、普萘洛尔、吲哚洛尔、拉贝洛尔、可乐定、卡托普利、依那普利、和赖诺普利(lisonopril))、β受体阻滞剂(如、左布诺洛尔、吲哚洛尔、马来酸噻吗洛尔、比索洛尔、卡维地洛、和布他沙明)、α受体阻滞剂(如、多沙唑嗪、哌唑嗪、酚苄明、酚妥拉明、坦索罗辛、阿夫唑嗪、和特拉唑嗪)、钙通道阻滞剂(如、氨氯地平、非洛地平、尼卡地平、硝苯地平、尼莫地平、尼索地平、尼群地平、拉西地平、乐卡地平、维拉帕米、加洛帕米、和地尔硫)、和抗凝血剂(如、双嘧达莫)。
生物活性剂可以呈任何形式,包括固体、凝胶、乳剂,或其任何组合。如本文所用的,固体可包括颗粒、粉末,或晶体。在这样的情况下,生物活性剂芯可在约0.001毫米-10毫米的大小范围内。在一些实施方案中,生物活性剂为约0.1毫米-5毫米。在一个优选的实施方案中,生物活性剂为约0.1毫米-3毫米。
(c).组合物
包含在芯上形成的层的组合物可呈多种构型。芯可呈现为任何形状包括杆状、球状、柱状等。一般地,包含第一聚合物的层在所述芯上形成,例如完全包围所述芯。在一些实施方案中,芯可与包含第一聚合物的层直接接触,而在其它实施方案中,一个或多个另外的层在所述芯和包含第一聚合物的层之间形成。在备选的实施方案中,一个或多个另外的层在包含第一聚合物的层上形成。
在一些实施方案中,组合物包含基本上为疏水的另外的层。疏水层可包含疏水剂。疏水剂一般地为具有90°以上接触角的那些。在一些实施方案中,疏水层包含蜡、聚合物,或脂肪酸,包括C12-C30脂肪酸,或脂肪酸酯,包括甘油一酸酯、甘油二酸酯和甘油三酸酯。在一些实施方案中,疏水层选自芥花籽油、椰子油、玉米油、棉籽油、月桂酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈油、棕榈酸、豆油、大豆油、硬脂酸、硬脂酸甘油酯、葵花籽油、植物油,或任何这些物质的氢化形式,及其组合。
在一些实施方案中,组合物包含另外的基本上为亲水的层。亲水层包含水溶性分子并在水中溶解。在优选的实施方案中,亲水层选自羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素,及其组合。
在一个实施方案中,另外的层是如在章节(VI)中描述的非-反应性蜡和碳酸盐的混合物。
另外的层可以围绕所述芯或层的多种厚度提供。包含另外的层的物质的量可在组合物(芯和层)的约1%至约75%总重量的范围内。在其它实施方案中,包含另外的层的物质的量可在组合物的约1%至约50%总重量的范围内。在各个实施方案中,包含层的物质的量为组合物总重量的约1%至约10%、约5%至约15%、约10%至约20%、约15%至约25%、约 20%至约30%、约 25%至约35%、约30%至约40%、约35%至约45%,或约40%至约50%。在特定的实施方案中,另外的层为组合物总重量的约5%、约10%、约15%,或约20%。
在药物和营养制剂中各种常用的赋形剂可与上述任何生物活性剂一起使用。合适的赋形剂的非限制性实例包括选自非-泡腾崩解剂、着色剂、风味改良剂、口腔分散剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、稀释剂、压实剂、润滑剂、填料、粘合剂、味道掩蔽剂、泡腾崩解剂的试剂、和任何这些试剂的组合。在一些实施方案中,另外的层可进一步包含具有式(I)重复单元的聚合物。
在一个实施方案中,赋形剂可以是崩解剂或超崩解剂(superdisintegrant)。合适的崩解剂包括,但不限于,淀粉(如玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉等)、其预胶凝和改性的淀粉、微晶纤维素(包括,但不限于乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素或其组合)、藻酸盐、羟基乙酸淀粉钠和树胶(如琼脂、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆、刺梧桐树胶、果胶和黄蓍胶)。合适的超崩解剂的非限制性实例包括交聚维酮(crospovidine)、羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羟基乙酸淀粉钠,低取代的羟丙基纤维素和碳酸氢钠。在一个优选的实施方案中,组合物可包含羧甲基纤维素钠作为超崩解剂。
(d).性质
包含含有第一聚合物的层的组合物可具有改进的物理特性,包括pH转变特性、生物活性剂的改进的释放曲线和改进的机械性质。
包含第一聚合物的层可具有pH转变作用,其中组合物在水溶液中,在大致中性pH下是稳定的,但在低pH下水解。例如,包含第一聚合物的层在约6.0、约6.5、约7.0和约7.5的pH下是稳定的。包含第一聚合物的组合物在pH低于约pH 5.0的水溶液中水解。
组合物的水解导致生物活性剂自包含第一个层的组合物中释放。因此,组合物可用来实现生物活性剂的特定的释放曲线。
在大致中性pH下,组合物特征可为生物活性剂的最小释放。在一个实施方案中,最小释放曲线可显示与在图1、2、3、4、6、8,或9中显示的pH 6.5释放曲线基本类似的释放曲线。在另一实施方案中,在大致中性pH下,释放特征为从组合物释放少于20%的总生物活性剂。在还有的其它实施方案中,最小释放特征为组合物中释放少于19%、少于18%、少于17%、少于16%、少于15%、少于14%、少于13%、少于12%、少于11%、少于10%、少于9%、少于8%、少于7%、少于6%、少于5%、少于4%、少于3%、少于2%,或少于1%的总生物活性剂。
在低于5.0的pH下,组合物可具有对于生物活性剂基本上恒定的、第一级、S形,或延迟的释放曲线。一般地,在低于5.0的pH下的释放速率高于在大致中性条件下的释放速率。在一些实施方案中,组合物具有在图1、2、3、6、8,或9中显示的在pH 2.5下释放曲线基本类似的释放曲线。在一个优选的实施方案中,在低于5.0的pH下的释放是基本恒定的。基本恒定的释放指生物活性剂的释放在一个时间段内是恒定的,例如,在不同的实施方案中变化低于1%、低于0.5%,或0.25%。组合物在低于5.0的pH下,在1-24小时的时间段内可显示恒定的释放速率。 在一些实施方案中,释放速率在约1小时、约2小时、约3小时、约4小时、约5小时、约6小时、约7小时、约8小时、约9小时、约10小时、约11小时、约12小时、约13小时、约14小时、约15小时、约16小时、约17小时、约18小时、约19小时、约20小时、约21小时, 约22小时, 约23小时,或约24小时的时间段内是恒定的。取决于时间段和pH,生物活性剂的释放可在从低于1%每小时至超过30%每小时的范围内。基于所述层中第一聚合物的量可调整释放曲线。所述层中第一聚合物的较高百分比对应于每小时释放的生物活性剂的较高百分比,而第一聚合物的较低的量对应于每小时较低百分比释放。
在还有的另一个实施方案中,释放曲线可显示在低于5.0的pH下的初始的高释放速率。在这样的实施方案中,在5.0或更低的pH下的释放速率在最先的1-5小时内,在5.0或更低的pH下可以是较大的。在一些实施方案中,生物活性剂的这种初始时期的快速释放之后是恒定的释放期。
本发明的组合物具有改进的耐久性,可塑性和机械性质。这样的性质对于可能经受咀嚼(即在提供组合物给动物的情况下)或在工业处理如混合和输送设备的机械应力的情况下的组合物是有利的。组合物对抗机械力的弹性可通过在实施例8中描述的撞击试验测量。在一些实施方案中,当经受25次撞击时,本发明的组合物释放低于10%的总生物活性剂。在其它实施方案中,当经受25次撞击时,本发明的组合物释放低于9%,或低于8%或低于7%,或低于6%或低于5%,或低于4%,或低于3%,或低于2%或低于1%的生物活性剂。
II.基质组合物
本公开也提供一种包含大量包埋在基质中的生物活性剂的凝聚组合物。基质包含含有式(I)重复单元的第一聚合物。
(a).凝聚组合物
凝聚组合物包含大量包埋在基质中的生物活性剂。基质包含含有式(I)重复单元的第一聚合物。第一聚合物描述于章节(I)(a)中。用于基质的合适的生物活性剂描述于章节(I)(b)(i)中。
凝聚组合物包含大量包埋在基质中的生物活性剂。由基质和生物活性剂形成的凝聚组合物可以呈现为任何形状,包括杆状、球状、柱状等。此外,凝聚组合物可为特定的需要而成形。例如,凝聚组合物可成形为盖上柱体的开口端。
生物活性剂可以约20%至约90%的总组合物的重量存在于凝聚组合物中。在一些实施方案中,生物活性剂为总组合物的约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约 30%、约 35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约80%、约90%,或约99%重量。在优选的实施方案中,生物活性剂以总组合物的约80%至约90%,或85%至约95%,或约95%至约99%重量的量存在。
生物活性剂可以多种方式包埋于基质中,这取决于凝聚组合物的形状和预定的用途。在一些实施方案中,生物活性剂被均匀地分散于基质组合物中,意指生物活性剂以在整个基质中大致相同的浓度提供。在其它实施方案中,生物活性剂可或多或少地浓缩在基质的某些部分中。当一种或多种生物活性剂在基质中时,它们可以大致均匀地分散,或有序地存在于基质中。例如,在其中存在一种以上的生物活性剂的实施方案中,生物活性剂可在组合物中侧向分离。在其它实施方案中,生物活性剂可在基质的内部部分比在基质的外表面更加高度浓缩。
凝聚组合物可在基质中包含至少一种额外试剂。额外试剂可选自聚合物,包括结晶和半-结晶聚合物。合适的聚合物的实例,不受限制,为以下的聚合物:丙烯酸酯、氨基丙烯酸酯、亚烷基琥珀酸酯、亚烷基草酸酯、酰胺、氨基酸、酸酐、芳基化物、碳酸酯、纤维素(包括,但不限于乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素或其组合)、己内酯、氰基丙烯酸酯、二氢吡喃、二氧杂环己烷、二氧杂环己酮、醚醚酮、乙二醇、富马酸酯、羟基烷酸酯、羟基-酯、酰亚胺、缩酮、丙交酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基烯烃、原酸酯、膦嗪、苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、尿烷、乙酸乙烯基酯、乙烯酮、乙烯基卤化物、衍生物、异构体,及其混合物。在一些实施方案中,额外试剂可选自聚丙烯酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯乙酸酯。额外试剂也可以是蜡,包括天然和合成蜡,脂肪酸,包括C12-C30脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯包括甘油一酸酯、甘油二酸酯和甘油三酸酯和氢化的脂肪酸酯,非限制性实例包括芥花籽油、椰子油、玉米油、棉籽油、月桂酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈油、棕榈酸、豆油、大豆油、硬脂酸、硬脂酸甘油酯、葵花籽油、植物油,及其组合。油可以是氢化的、非-氢化的或部分氢化的。额外试剂也可以是流动剂例如碳酸盐、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁等。碳酸盐可选自碳酸铜、碳酸锌、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸钾、碳酸钠,及其组合。额外试剂也可以是碳酸氢盐,包括碳酸氢钾或另一种碱金属碳酸氢盐。在一个优选的实施方案中,额外试剂是选自羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素的纤维素聚合物。额外试剂可以是上文所列化合物的盐,包括碱金属盐如钙、镁、钾、钠、锂等。
在一个实施方案中,额外试剂是pH-敏感性聚合物并可选自天然和改性的聚合物(如壳聚糖),包括与单体的共混物。额外试剂可以是氨基型聚合物。氨基型聚合物包括,但不限于,吡啶、吡啶衍生物、氨基丙烯酸酯型单体,如二烷基氨基乙基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、苯乙烯衍生物(如聚-2-乙烯基吡啶-苯乙烯共聚物)、丙烯腈、丙烯酸的丙烯酸酯型单体、乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯基酯和乙烯基取代的含氮稠合的杂环(如乙烯基咔唑、乙烯基喹诺酮和N-乙烯基吡咯)。在一个优选的实施方案中,额外试剂是聚-2-乙烯基吡啶-苯乙烯共聚物。
在一个备选的实施方案中,凝聚组合物不含乙基纤维素。
在一些实施方案中,第一聚合物为基质的约5%至约50%重量,而额外试剂占基质的约50%-约95%重量。在各个实施方案中,额外试剂占基质的约50%、约60%、约70%、约80%,或约90%。在各实施方案中,当两种或更多种额外试剂与第一聚合物一起存在于基质中时,额外试剂可以不受限制的任何比例存在。
(b).任选的层
在一些实施方案中,基质组合物可用至少一个层包衣。层可以是如在章节(I)中所述,或基本上为亲水或基本上为疏水的。如专业人员将要理解的,不同的层可以合并并层压在凝聚组合物上。
在一些实施方案中,层是基本疏水的。疏水层可包含疏水剂。疏水剂通常为具有90°以上接触角的那些。在一些实施方案中,疏水层包含蜡、聚合物、脂肪酸(包括C12-C30脂肪酸),或脂肪酸酯,包括甘油一酸酯, 甘油二酸酯和甘油三酸酯。非限制性实例包括芥花籽油、椰子油、玉米油、棉籽油、月桂酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈油、棕榈酸、豆油、硬脂酸、硬脂酸甘油酯、葵花籽油、植物油,及其组合。油可以是氢化的、非-氢化的,或部分氢化的。
在各个实施方案中,层是基本上亲水的。亲水层,与疏水层相反,包含亲水成分。在优选的实施方案中,亲水层选自羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素,及其组合。
在药物和营养制剂中各种常用的赋形剂可与上述任何此类试剂一起使用。合适赋形剂的非限制性实例包括选自非-泡腾崩解剂、着色剂、风味改良剂、口腔分散剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、稀释剂、压实剂、润滑剂、填料、粘合剂、味道掩蔽剂、泡腾崩解剂的试剂、和任何这些试剂的组合。
包含第一聚合物的基质也可具有pH转变作用,其中组合物在水溶液中,在大致中性pH下是稳定的,但在较低pH下水解。例如,包含第一聚合物的基质在约6.0、约6.5、约7.0和约7.5的pH水平下是稳定的。但包含第一聚合物的基质在pH低于约pH 5.0的水溶液中水解。
组合物的水解导致生物活性剂自包含第一层的组合物中释放。因此,组合物可用来实现生物活性剂的特定的释放曲线。
在大致中性pH下,组合物特征可为生物活性剂的最小释放。在一个实施方案中,最小释放可显示与在图1、2、3、4、6、8,或9中显示的pH 6.5释放曲线基本类似的释放曲线。在另一实施方案中,在大致中性pH下,释放特征为从组合物释放少于20%的总生物活性剂。在还有的其它实施方案中,最小释放特征为组合物中释放少于19%、少于18%、少于17%、少于16%、少于15%、少于14%、少于13%、少于12%、少于11%、少于10%、少于9%、少于8%、少于7%、少于6%、少于5%、少于4%、少于3%、少于2%,或少于1%的总生物活性剂。
在低于5.0的pH下,组合物可具有基本上恒定的、第一级、S形,或延迟的释放曲线。一般地,在低于5.0的pH下的释放速率高于在大致中性条件下的释放速率。在一些实施方案中,组合物具有与在图1、2、3、5、6、8,或9中显示的pH 2.5释放曲线基本类似的释放曲线。在一个优选的实施方案中,在低于5.0的pH下的释放是基本恒定的。基本恒定的释放指生物活性剂的释放在一个时间段内是恒定的。组合物在低于5.0的pH下,在1-24小时的时间段内可显示恒定的释放速率。 在一些实施方案中,释放速率在约1小时、约2小时、约3小时、约4小时、约5小时、约6小时、约7小时、约8小时、约9小时、约10小时、约11小时、约12小时、约13小时、约14小时、约15小时、约16小时、约17小时、约18小时、约19小时、约20小时、约21小时,约22小时, 约23小时,或约24小时的时间段内是恒定的。取决于时间段和pH,生物活性剂的释放可在从低于1%每小时至超过30%每小时的范围内。在一个实施方案中,组合物具有在pH2.5下每小时约10%的生物活性剂的恒定释放速率。
在还有的另一个实施方案中,释放曲线可显示在低于5.0的pH下的初始的高释放速率。在这样的实施方案中,在5.0或更低的pH下的释放速率在最先的1-5小时内,在5.0或更低的pH下可以是较大的。在一些实施方案中,生物活性剂的这种初始时期的快速释放之后是恒定的释放期。
本发明的组合物具有改进的耐久性,可塑性和机械性质。这样的性质对于可能经受咀嚼(即在提供组合物给动物的过程中)或在工业处理如混合和输送设备的机械应力的情况下的组合物是有利的。组合物对抗机械力的弹性可通过在实施例8中描述的撞击试验测量。在一些实施方案中,当经受25次重物撞击时,本发明的组合物释放低于10%的总生物活性剂。在其它实施方案中,当经受25次重物撞击时,本发明的组合物释放低于9%,或低于8%或低于7%,或低于6%或低于5%,或低于4%,或低于3%,或低于2%或低于1%的生物活性剂。
III.食物组合物
本公开的进一步方面提供一种食物组合物,其包含(i) 营养源和(ii) 包含如在以上章节(I)和(II)中所述的至少一种生物活性剂和具有式(I)重复单元的聚合物的组合物。营养源可以是碳水化合物源、蛋白源、脂肪源,或其组合。在某些方面,营养源由层或基质组合物提供。食物组合物可配制为液体、干粒料、粉末,或乳剂。
多种碳水化合物源可作为营养源包括在食物组合物中。碳水化合物源可具有植物、微生物,或动物来源。碳水化合物的合适植物源的实例包括,但不限于,谷类如小麦、燕麦、稻米、黑麦等;豆荚科如大豆、豌豆、豆类等;玉米;草;马铃薯;蔬菜植物;植物果实。碳水化合物可以是单糖如戊糖、葡萄糖,半乳糖等;二糖如蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖等;低聚糖如低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚甘露糖等;或多糖如淀粉、糖原、纤维素、阿拉伯木聚糖、果胶、树胶、甲壳素等。
大量的蛋白源可包括在食物组合物中。蛋白源可源自植物。提供好的蛋白源的合适植物的非限制性实例包括苋属植物、竹芋、大麦、荞麦、油菜、木薯、鹰嘴豆(garbanzo)、豆荚科、小扁豆、羽扇豆、玉米、小米(millet)、燕麦、豌豆、马铃薯、稻米、黑麦、高粱、大豆、向日葵、木薯、黑小麦、小麦、海草和藻类。或者,蛋白源可源自动物。例如,动物蛋白源可源自乳制品、鸟蛋,或源自陆生动物或水生动物的肌肉、器官、结缔组织,或骨骼。
多种脂肪源适合用作食物组合物中的营养源。脂肪源可具有植物、动物,或微生物来源。植物衍生的脂肪的非限制性实例包括植物油(例如,芥花籽油、玉米油、棉籽油、棕榈油、花生油、红花油、大豆油和葵花籽油)和油籽(如,芥花籽、棉籽、亚麻籽(flax seeds)、亚麻籽(linseeds)、尼日尔籽(Niger seeds)、芝麻籽、大豆和葵花籽)、酒糟,或藻类。动物源脂肪包括,但不限于,鱼油(如,鲱油、凤尾鱼油、金枪鱼油、鳕鱼肝油、青鱼油、湖鲑鱼油、鲭鱼油、鲑鱼油和沙丁鱼油), 高脂肪鱼粉(如,鲱鱼粉、凤尾鱼粉、青鱼粉、鳕鱼粉、鲑鱼粉、鲔鱼粉和白鱼粉)和动物脂肪(如,家禽脂肪、牛油、黄油、猪油和鲸脂)。
存在于食物组合物的营养剂的量可以并将根据存在于食物组合物中的成分和其预定的用途而变化。一般来说,存在于食物组合物中的营养源的量可在食物组合物的约1%至约99%重量范围内。在各个实施方案中,存在于食物组合物中的营养源的量可在食物组合物的约1%至约3%,约3%至约10%,约10%至约30%,或约30%至约99%重量范围内。类似地,存在于食物组合物中的在章节(I)或(II)中详述的组合物的量可以并将变化。在某些实施方案中,存在于食物组合物中的包含至少一种生物活性剂和具有式(I)重复单元的聚合物的组合物的量可在食物组合物的约1%至约3%,约3%至约10%,约10%至约30%,或约30%至约99%重量范围内。
在某些方面,营养是通过包含式(I)的第一聚合物的水解产物提供的。在一些实施方案中,聚合物不能作为营养剂被利用,直至其自第一聚合物被水解。在一个优选的实施方案中,营养剂是甲硫氨酸源,优选2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸。
IV.提供生物活性剂给受试者的方法
本公开的还一个方面包括提供给受试者至少一种生物活性剂的方法。该方法包括给予受试者包含生物活性剂的组合物,其中包含生物活性剂的组合物在上文章节(I)-(III)中描述。
包含生物活性剂的组合物可通过各种途径例如,口服、经粘膜、局部,或胃肠外给予。优选给药途径是口服。组合物可作为颗粒,作为固体剂型(如,片剂、小胶囊、胶囊等),作为液体,或作为粉末或微粒给予受试者。组合物可一周一次,一周数次,一天一次,或一天两次或更多次给予。
组合物可给予多种受试者。合适的受试者包括人、食用动物、陪伴动物、研究动物和动物园动物。食用动物的非限制性实例包括反刍动物(如,肉牛、奶牛、绵羊、山羊和野牛)和单胃动物(如,猪和禽类如鸡、鸭、鸸鹋、游乐鸡(game hens)、鹅、珍珠鸡/母鸡、鹌鹑、鸵鸟和火鸡)。另外的单胃动物种类包括水生物种(如,鱼类和甲壳类包括,但不限于,鲑鱼、虾、鲤鱼、罗非鱼和贝类)。合适的陪伴动物包括,但不限于,猫、狗、马、兔、啮齿类动物(如,小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、沙鼠、豚鼠), 刺猬和雪貂。研究动物的实例包括啮齿动物、猫、狗、兔、猪和非-人灵长类动物。合适的动物园动物的非限制性实例包括非-人灵长类动物、狮、虎、熊、象、长颈鹿等。在一个优选的实施方案中,受试者是反刍动物。反刍动物的非限制性实例包括牛、绵羊、山羊、野牛、鹿、驼鹿、麋鹿、驯鹿、北美驯鹿(caribou)、骆驼、长颈鹿、羚羊和美洲驼。
具有包含式(I)的重复单元的层或基质组合物在水溶液中,在大致中性pH下是稳定的。例如,组合物在约6.0、约6.5、约7.0和约7.5的pH水平下是稳定的。包含生物活性剂的组合物在pH低于约pH 5.0的水溶液中水解。层或基质组合物的水解释放生物活性剂。因此,在低于约5.0的pH水平下,组合物经历水解并释放生物活性剂。
因此,在其中受试者是反刍动物的实施方案中,组合物保持稳定并在其中组合物在受试者的瘤胃期间不降解。在进入皱胃时,其中pH是低的,组合物水解并释放生物活性剂。因此,组合物可用于瘤胃旁路,因为生物活性剂被未水解的基质组合物保护并选择性地在皱胃的低pH环境中释放。
V.制备基质和层组合物的方法
用来形成层和基质组合物的方法可以并优选将变化。作为非限制性实例,第一聚合物、生物活性剂和任何额外试剂的所需量可合并。在各个方面,所述试剂可在水或有机溶剂,如甲醇或乙醇的存在下合并。混合物可被进一步加工,然后成形为如在章节(I)和(II)中所述的合适的递送形式。在一些实施方案中,各成分在成形前被挤出、造粒、共混,或通过热熔工艺处理。
基质组合物可以任何方式包括手工或通过压制或冲模成形。本发明的层可通过本领域通常已知的方法,如通过干粉分层,手工应用,或者是通过流化床工艺,例如使用溶剂或热熔法在芯上形成。有关用于制备和应用在内芯上的外层的材料、设备和方法的详细信息可参见药物剂型:片剂(Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:Tablets), 编辑. Liebermanet al. (New York:Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1989)和Ansel et al., 药物剂型和药物递送系统(Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems Systems, 第6版.(Media, Pa.:Williams & Wilkins, 1995)。
VI.包含式(V)化合物的层组合物
在还一个方面,本公开提供包含式(V)化合物的层组合物。包含层的组合物在芯上形成,所述芯包含生物活性剂而层包含非-反应性脂肪酸酯和碳酸盐。芯可以是如在章节(I)(b)中所述的任何芯。合适的生物活性剂包括在章节(I)(b)(i)中所述的那些。
层包含具有式(V)的重复单元的聚合物:
其中,
R2是CH3;
R3选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基;
N是0;和
m是> 1的整数。
R3可选自氢、烃基和取代的烃基。在一个实施方案中,R3是具有1-6个碳(hydrocarbons)的烷基。在一个优选的实施方案中,R3是氢。
在不同的实施方案中,分子量可以并将变化。分子量可在1,000 Da和约200,000Da之间的范围。在各个实施方案中,聚合物的分子量是约2,000、10,000、20,000 Da、30,000Da、40,000 Da、50,000 Da、60,000 Da、70,000 Da、80,000 Da、90,000 KDa、100,000 Da,或这些值的任何两个之间的数字。聚合物的混合物的重量可以其质量-平均分子量表征。在某些方面,聚合物的质量-平均分子量可以是至少500 KDa。在其它方面,质量平均分子量范围介于约1,000 Da至约100,000 Da。
在本发明的某些方面, 式(V)可具有手性中心。特别是,在式(I)、(II)或(III)化合物中的羰基单元的α碳可以是手性的并可具有R或S构型。在一些实施方案中,在该位置的构型可以是R。在其它实施方案中,在该位置的构型可以是S。在各个方面,重复单元可以全部为R,全部为S,或包含R和S重复单元的组合,例如,重复单元的构型可嵌段或无规交替。
层可进一步包含另一聚合物。合适的聚合物可包括结晶和半-结晶聚合物。合适的聚合物的实例,不受限制,为以下的聚合物:丙烯酸酯、氨基丙烯酸酯、亚烷基琥珀酸酯、亚烷基草酸酯、酰胺、氨基酸、酸酐、芳基化物、碳酸酯、纤维素(包括,但不限于,羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素)、己内酯、氰基丙烯酸酯、二氢吡喃、二氧杂环己烷、二氧杂环己酮、醚醚酮、乙二醇、富马酸酯、羟基烷酸酯、羟基-酯、酰亚胺、缩酮、丙交酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基烯烃、原酸酯、膦嗪、苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、尿烷、乙酸乙烯基酯、乙烯酮、乙烯基卤化物、衍生物、异构体,及其混合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,额外试剂是包含如在章节(I)(a)中所述的式(I)的重复单元的聚合物。在特别优选的实施方案中,聚合物是式(III)化合物。
包含具有式(V)重复单元的聚合物的层在水溶液中,在大致中性pH下是稳定的。例如,所述层在约6.0、约6.5、约7.0和约7.5的pH水平下是稳定的。所述层在pH低于约pH 5.0的水溶液中水解。所述层水解释放生物活性剂。因此,在约pH 1.0至约pH 4.5的pH水平下,所述层经历水解并释放生物活性剂。
因此,在其中受试者是反刍动物的实施方案中,所述层保持稳定并在其中组合物在受试者的瘤胃期间不降解。在进入皱胃时,其中pH是低的,所述层水解并释放生物活性剂。在一个优选的实施方案中,生物活性剂是2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸(HMTBa)。
VII.包含式(V)化合物的凝聚组合物
在另一个方面,本公开提供一种包含大量包埋在基质中的生物活性剂的凝聚组合物。基质包含式(V)化合物与生物活性剂。用于基质的合适的生物活性剂描述于章节(I)(a)(i)中。包含式(V)的组合物描述于章节(VI)中。
凝聚组合物包含大量包埋在基质中的生物活性剂。由基质和生物活性剂形成的凝聚组合物可以呈现为任何形状,包括杆状、球状、柱状等。此外,凝聚组合物可为特定的需要而成形。例如,凝聚组合物可成形为盖上柱体的开口端。
生物活性剂可以约20%-80%的总组合物的重量存在于凝聚组合物中。在一些实施方案中,生物活性剂占总组合物的约10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%,或80%。在优选的实施方案中,生物活性剂以总凝聚组合物的约50至约66%的量存在。
凝聚组合物可进一步包含另一聚合物。合适的聚合物可包括结晶和半-结晶聚合物。合适的聚合物的实例,不受限制,为以下的聚合物:丙烯酸酯、氨基丙烯酸酯、亚烷基琥珀酸酯、亚烷基草酸酯、酰胺、氨基酸、酸酐、芳基化物、碳酸酯、纤维素(包括,但不限于,羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素)、己内酯、氰基丙烯酸酯、二氢吡喃、二氧杂环己烷、二氧杂环己酮、醚醚酮、乙二醇、富马酸酯、羟基烷酸酯、羟基-酯、酰亚胺、缩酮、丙交酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基烯烃、原酸酯、膦嗪、苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、尿烷、乙酸乙烯基酯、乙烯酮、乙烯基卤化物、衍生物、异构体,及其混合物.
在一个优选的实施方案中,聚合物是如在章节(I)(a)中所述的包含式(I)的重复单元的化合物。在特别优选的实施方案中,聚合物包含式(III)的重复单元。
基质在水溶液中,在大致中性pH下是稳定的。例如,基质在约6.0、约6.5、约7.0和约7.5的pH水平下是稳定的。基质在pH低于约pH 5.0的水溶液中水解。基质水解释放生物活性剂。
因此,在其中受试者是反刍动物的实施方案中,凝聚组合物保持稳定并在其中组合物在受试者的瘤胃期间不降解。在进入皱胃时,其中pH是低的,基质水解并释放生物活性剂。在一个优选的实施方案中,生物活性剂是2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸(HMTBa)。
VIII.包含非-反应性蜡和碳酸盐的层组合物
在另一个方面, 本发明提供一种包含在芯上形成的层的组合物,所述芯包含生物活性剂而层包含非-反应性脂肪酸酯和碳酸盐。芯可以是如在章节(I)(b)中所述的任何芯。合适的生物活性剂包括在章节(I)(b)(i)中所述的那些。
所述层组合物可以是非-反应性蜡和碳酸盐的混合物。非-反应性蜡是不与碳酸盐明显相互作用且不形成羧酸盐或脂肪酸盐的蜡。在一些实施方案中,非-反应性脂肪不具有游离羧酸基团。非-反应性蜡可选自脂肪酸酯,包括脂肪酸甘油酯包括甘油一酯, 甘油二酯和甘油三酯。在一个优选的实施方案中,非-反应性蜡是硬脂酸甘油酯。在另一个实施方案中,蜡是氢化的大豆油或植物油或石蜡。
碳酸盐可选自碳酸铜、碳酸锌、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸钾、碳酸钠,及其组合。碳酸盐在所述层中的量可以并将变化。碳酸盐的量可在层总重量的约1%至约60%,或更优选地在约15%至约50%的范围内。在另一个实施方案中,非-反应性蜡是硬脂酸甘油酯而碳酸盐是碳酸锌。
不受任何理论的束缚,认为非-反应性蜡保持碳酸盐的溶解性,因此在一些实施方案中,碳酸盐可溶出蜡基质并在结构中形成小孔。非-反应性蜡的存在也保护碳酸盐,以致其可与层外部的酸反应以产生CO2,这促进层的进一步破裂。结果是多孔组合物。在一些实施方案中,碳酸盐以约20%、30%、40%、50%或60%或更高的重量:重量比存在于蜡中。在一些优选的实施方案中,碳酸盐占层总重量的约20%至约50%。
所述层可另外地包含碳酸氢盐。合适的碳酸氢盐包括碱金属碳酸盐,包括碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸锂等。当存在碳酸氢盐时,它可以层的约1%至约10%的比率存在。在一些优选的实施方案中,碳酸氢钾为层总重量的约2%。
所述层可另外地包含崩解剂或超崩解剂。合适的崩解剂包括,但不限于,淀粉(如玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉等)、其预胶凝和改性的淀粉、微晶纤维素、藻酸盐、羟基乙酸淀粉钠和树胶(如琼脂、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆、刺梧桐树胶、果胶和黄蓍胶)。合适的超崩解剂的非限制性实例包括交聚维酮、羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羟基乙酸淀粉钠、低取代的羟丙基纤维素和碳酸氢钠。在一个优选的实施方案中,组合物可包含羧甲基纤维素钠作为超崩解剂。崩解剂,当存在时,可以层总重量的约2%至约20%的范围提供。
在一些实施方案中,组合物还包含反应性蜡或非-反应性和反应性蜡如植物油、棉籽油,或芥花籽油的混合物。
包含非-反应性蜡和碳酸盐的层在水溶液中,在大致中性pH下是稳定的。例如,所述层在约6.0、约6.5、约7.0和约7.5的pH水平下是稳定的。所述层在pH低于约pH 5.0的水溶液中水解。所述层的水解促进生物活性剂的释放。
因此,在其中受试者是反刍动物的实施方案中,所述层保持稳定并在其中组合物在受试者的瘤胃期间不降解。在进入皱胃时,其中pH是低的,所述层水解并释放生物活性剂。
除了层组合物外,碳酸盐和蜡也可形成如在章节(II)中描述的凝聚组合物。本文描述的碳酸盐和蜡可包含大量生物活性剂包埋于其中的基质。
定义
当引入本文描述的实施方案的要素时,冠词"一"、"一个"、"该"和"所述"意欲指存在一个或多个要素。术语"包含"、"包括"和"具有"意欲为包容性的并意指除了所列要素外还可存在其它要素。
本文描述的化合物具有不对称中心。含有不对称取代的原子的本发明化合物可以光学活性或外消旋形式被分离。一种结构的所有手性、非对映的、外消旋形式和所有几何异构形式都是预期的,除非具体指明特定的立体化学或异构形式。
术语“酰基”,如本文单独或作为另一个基团的一部分所用的,表示通过从有机羧酸基团COOH除去羟基形成的部分,如RC(O)–,其中R是R1、R1O-、R1R2N-,或R1S-,R1是烃基、杂取代的烃基,或杂环基和R2是氢、烃基,或取代的烃基。
术语"酰氧基",如本文单独或作为另一个基团的一部分所用的,表示通过氧键(O)键合的上述酰基,如RC(O)O–,其中R如关于术语“酰基”所定义。
本文使用的术语“烯丙基”,不仅指含有简单烯丙基(CH2=CH–CH2–)的化合物,而且也指含有取代的烯丙基或形成环系统的部分的烯丙基的化合物。
本文使用的术语“烷基”描述优选地为在主链上含有1-8个碳原子和至多20个碳原子的低级烷基的基团。它们可以是直链或支链或环状的并包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、己基等。
本文使用的术语“烯基”描述优选地为在主链上含有2-8个碳原子和至多20个碳原子的低级烯基的基团。它们可以是直链或支链或环状的并包括乙烯基、丙烯基、异丙烯基、丁烯基、异丁烯基、己烯基等。
本文使用的术语“烷氧化物”或“烷氧基”是醇的共轭碱。醇可以是直链、支链、环状的,并包括芳氧基化合物。
本文使用的术语“炔基”描述优选地为在主链上含有2-8个碳原子和至多20个碳原子的低级炔基的基团。它们可以是直链或支链并包括乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、异丁炔基、己炔基等。
术语“芳族的”,如本文单独或作为另一个基团的一部分所用的,表示任选取代的同素环或杂环共轭平面环或包含离域电子的环系统。这些芳族基团优选地为在环部分含有5-14个原子的单环(如,呋喃或苯)、双环,或三环基团。术语“芳族的”涵盖下文定义的“芳基”基团。
术语"芳基"或"Ar",如本文单独或作为另一个基团的一部分所用的,表示任选取代的同素环芳族基团,优选地在环部分含有6-10个碳的单环或双环基团,如苯基、联苯基、萘基、取代的苯基、取代的联苯基,或取代的萘基。
本文使用的术语“结晶聚合物”指具有特征性的或规则的三维堆积的聚合物。
术语“富集”意指高于统计分布的量,假如所有的手性中心具有为α或β的相等概率的话。
术语“碳环基”或“碳环的”,如本文单独或作为另一个基团的一部分所用的,表示任选取代的、芳族的或非-芳族的、同素环或环系统,其中环中的所有原子均为碳,优选在每个环上含5或6个碳原子。示例性取代基包括以下基团中的一个或多个:烃基、取代的烃基、烷基、烷氧基、酰基、酰氧基、烯基、烯氧基、芳基、芳氧基、氨基、酰氨基、缩醛、氨基甲酰基、碳环、氰基、酯、醚、卤素、杂环、羟基、酮基、缩酮、磷、硝基和硫代。
本文使用的术语“环氧基”或“环氧化物”意指环状醚。环结构一般在环中包含2-5个碳原子。
术语"卤素"或"卤代",如本文单独或作为另一个基团的一部分所用的,指氯、溴、氟和碘。
术语“杂原子”指除碳和氢之外的原子。
术语"杂芳族的",如本文单独或作为另一个基团的一部分所用的,表示在至少一个环上具有至少一个杂原子和优选地在每个环中具有5或6个原子的任选取代的芳族基团。杂芳族基团优选地在环中具有1或2个氧原子和/或1-4个氮原子,并通过碳键合于分子的其余部分。示例性基团包括呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噁二唑基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、四唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、吲嗪基、苯并咪唑基、吲唑基、苯并三唑基、四唑并哒嗪基、咔唑基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、咪唑并吡啶基等。示例性取代基包括以下基团中的一个或多个:烃基、取代的烃基、烷基、烷氧基、酰基、酰氧基、烯基、烯氧基、芳基、芳氧基、氨基、酰氨基、缩醛、氨基甲酰基、碳环、氰基、酯、醚、卤素、杂环、羟基、酮基、缩酮、磷、硝基和硫代。
术语"杂环"或"杂环的",如本文单独或作为另一个基团的一部分所用的,表示任选取代的、完全饱和的或不饱和的、单环或双环芳族或非-芳族基团,其在至少一个环具有至少一个杂原子和在每个环上优选具有5或6个原子。杂环基团优选地在环中具有1或2个氧原子和/或1-4个氮原子,并通过碳或杂原子键合于分子的其余部分。示例性杂环基包括上述杂芳基。示例性取代基包括以下基团中的一个或多个:烃基、取代的烃基、烷基、烷氧基、酰基、酰氧基、烯基、烯氧基、芳基、芳氧基、氨基、酰氨基、缩醛、氨基甲酰基、碳环、氰基、酯、醚、卤素、杂环、羟基、酮基、缩酮、磷、硝基和硫代。
本文使用的术语"烃"和“烃基”描述仅由元素碳和氢组成的有机化合物或基团。这些部分包括烷基、烯基、炔基和芳基部分。这些部分也包括被其它脂族或环烃基团,如烷芳基、烯芳基和炔芳基取代的烷基、烯基、炔基和芳基部分。除非另外指明,否则这些部分优选地包含1-20个碳原子。
本文使用的术语“聚合物”,指由重复单元构成的分子。聚合物可指均聚物,即包含单一重复单元的分子,或共聚物,即含有一种以上的重复单元的分子。共聚物可以是无规的或嵌段的。聚合物与低聚物可互换使用。
本文使用的术语“保护基团”表示能够保护特定部分的基团,其中保护基团可以在采用保护的反应后除去,而不干扰分子的其余部分。多种保护基团及其合成可参见T.W.Greene和P.G.M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons的“有机合成中的保护基团(ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis)”, 1999。
本文使用的术语“半-结晶聚合物”指具有为如上所述的“结晶”的区域和为无定形的区域,三维结构没有规则堆积的聚合物。
本文使用的“取代的烃基”部分为用至少一个非碳原子取代的烃基部分,包括其中碳链原子用杂原子如氮、氧、硅、磷、硼,或卤素原子取代的部分和其中碳链包含另外的取代基的部分。这些取代基包括烷基、烷氧基、酰基、酰氧基、烯基、烯氧基、芳基、芳氧基、氨基、酰氨基、缩醛、氨基甲酰基、碳环、氰基、酯、醚、卤素、杂环、羟基、酮基、缩酮、磷、硝基和硫代。
本文使用的术语“蜡”可(不受限制)确定为一种油、脂肪酸,或脂肪酸酯。本文使用的术语“蜡”指在室温下为固体的组合物和在室温下为液体的组合物两者。
已详细地描述了本发明,显而易见的是,在不背离所附权利要求书限定的本发明范围的情况下,修饰和变化是可能的。
实施例
包括以下实施例以说明要求保护的用于递送生物活性剂的组合物和方法,但不对其限制。
实施例1:包衣颗粒的制备和体外释放
对甲硫氨酸源包衣以保护它免于被细菌降解,但允许在皱胃中充分吸收。为此,对钙盐HMTBa (MHA®;Novus International)的颗粒用包含HMTBa低聚物的第一包衣料和包含疏水材料的第二包衣料进行包衣。
第一包衣料手动使用混合器(纯材料)或者经由流化床包衣方法(即Wurster包衣)施用。对于手动方法,将HMTBa低聚物(O)与聚合物,如乙基纤维素(EC)混合并与甲硫氨酸源共混。对于Wurster方法,使HMTBa低聚物与聚合物混合或溶解于极性有机溶剂中,并喷洒到甲硫氨酸源上。在任一种方法中,可加入流动剂,如滑石粉(T)、硬脂酸钙(CaSt),或CaCO3以减少粘性。典型地,HMTBa低聚物具有低含量的单体(如,4%单体)。表1详述了每种颗粒原型的第一包衣料的参数。
第二包衣料通过热熔或流化床包衣方法应用于低聚物-包衣颗粒。第二包衣料的疏水材料包含硬脂酸(SA)和氢化大豆油(如,Dritex S (DS))。在一些情况下,第二包衣料也含有HMTBa低聚物、EC和/或CaCO3。表2详述了每种颗粒原型的第二包衣料的参数。
在包衣颗粒在pH 6.5的缓冲溶液中孵育16小时(以模仿典型的瘤胃运输时间)后,测量在不同pH水平下HMTBa的体外释放。对于释放研究,将包衣颗粒加入到pH 2.5或pH 6.5的缓冲溶液中。将溶液振摇24小时。在0、2、4、6、8和24小时移出样品并经HPLC分析。
原型1. 对MHA®颗粒用包含HMTBa低聚物(总量的17%)和滑石粉(总量的11%)的第一包衣料手动包衣。低聚物-包衣颗粒用1:1的硬脂酸和氢化大豆油的混合物经流化床包衣至25%的包衣水平。HMTBa和HMTBa低聚物的最终载荷为57%。差异释放曲线示于图1A中。在pH2.5比在pH 6.5有显著更多的释放。在24小时后,在pH 2.5下,约75%的总HMTBa被释放,但在pH 6.5下,少于20%的HMTBa被释放。
原型2. MHA®颗粒用包含乙基纤维素和低聚物的薄膜的第一包衣料包衣。经流化床包衣应用薄膜;即,将30%低聚物(6.7%单体)和70% EC溶于1:1丙酮:乙醇中并喷洒到MHA®颗粒上。包衣步骤包括喷洒12.2%固体(即O + EC)至22%的包衣水平。对于第二包衣料,使用硬脂酸、氢化大豆油、HMTBa低聚物和乙基纤维素(4:4:1:1)的热熔包衣以对低聚物-包衣颗粒进行包衣至20%蜡包衣水平。HMTBa (芯和包衣)的最终载荷是54%。释放曲线示于图1B中;颗粒显示出pH依赖性释放(即在pH 2.5释放,但不在pH 6.5释放)。释放的量是低的,因为这些颗粒在低pH下具有高度的保护。
原型3和4. MHA®颗粒用包含低聚物和乙基纤维素的薄膜的第一包衣料包衣。通过流化床包衣施加包衣;即,使30% O和70% EC溶于1:1丙酮:乙醇中并将颗粒包衣至对于原型3的5%水平或对于原型4的10%的包衣水平。然后对各低聚物-包衣颗粒群用包含氢化的大豆油和硬脂酸的2:1混合物的第二包衣料进行包衣至25%的包衣水平。HMTBa (芯和包衣)的最终载荷对于原型3和4分别是61%和59%。如在图1C中所示,原型3在pH 2.5比原型4具有更好的释放(即分别为85%vs.约45%)。两种原型在pH 6.5都没有显著的释放。
原型5. 芯MHA®颗粒用包含低聚物(总量的12.3%)和CaCO3 (总量的17.5%)的第一包衣料手动包衣。对于第二包衣料,低聚物-包衣颗粒用氢化大豆油和含有CaCO3 (10%的包衣料)的硬脂酸的2:1混合物经流化床包衣至15%的包衣水平。HMTBa (芯和包衣)的总载荷是50%。如在图1D中所示,在pH 2.5比在pH 6.5的释放更大(如,在24小时分别为85%vs.15%)。此外,在第一个6小时期间,在pH 2.5有高的释放速率,然后降低至较低的速率。
原型6和7. MHA®颗粒用包含HMTBa低聚物(总量的12.3%)和11%硬脂酸Ca (总量的11%)的第一包衣料手动包衣。对于第二包衣料,低聚物-包衣颗粒用氢化的大豆油和含有CaCO3 (10%的包衣料)的硬脂酸的2:1混合物经流化床包衣至对于原型6的10%水平或对于原型7的25%的包衣水平。HMTBa (芯和包衣)的总载荷对于这些原型的每一种分别是68%和55 %。原型6和7在pH 2.5具有类似的释放曲线(且两者在pH 6.5具有非常有限的释放) (见图1E)。
实施例2:包衣颗粒的原位降解性
瘤胃稳定性是产品将甲硫氨酸活性提供给组织以进行蛋白合成的必要条件。当甲硫氨酸源经物理方式被保护时,>90%的逸出值(Escape value)对于瘤胃保护的甲硫氨酸源提供显著的甲硫氨酸活性被认为是足够的。
评价实施例1中制备的7种原型包衣MHA®颗粒的原位降解性特性。采用瘤胃插管阉牛(Rumen cannulated steer)以评估原型以及参照制剂(即用氨基-型聚合物包衣的甲硫氨酸颗粒)的瘤胃降解的速率和程度。
对3头瘤胃插管阉牛[BW = 606 ± 4 kg]喂给基于切碎的苜蓿干草和磨碎的玉米的普通饮食,随意进食额外分配的麦秸进行实验7天。在实验的第2和5天对阉牛称重并每天记录提供的和拒绝的饲料。实验期间实现的干物质摄入量为9.53 kg或1.57%体重。对3头阉牛的每一只的8次处理品(即原型1-7和参照制剂对照)按一式三份孵育48、24、6和0 (在瘤胃中15分钟以估测溶解性)小时。预称重原位袋(孔径~50 μm;5 cm×10 cm)并将1 g样品加入到每袋中并用拉链带(zip-tie)密封,大致产生推荐的10 mg成分/cm2袋表面积。使各袋悬浮在网格洗衣袋(mesh laundry bag)中,以相反的顺序插入,同时撤回,在冷水中洗手直至洗手水是清澈的,并于55℃干燥。称重具有处理品的干燥袋并计算损失的干物质%。
采用SAS的混合程序分析数据,其中包括与阉牛、孵育时间、处理及处理和时间之间相互作用有关的变量来源。认为P < 0.05是显著性差异。
对于原型保护的MHA®颗粒和参照制剂的降解曲线示于图2A。测试的所有处理品在瘤胃中48小时后具有>90%的剩余干物质。被保护程度不同的产品,即某些原型具有相对恒定的释放速率(如,原型#6)而某些原型在瘤胃中具有极低的释放水平(如,原型#4和#7)。对颗粒相的瘤胃消化物(digesta)而言,在瘤胃中的典型滞留时间在12和20小时之间。图2B显示不同的原型和参照制剂在瘤胃中孵育24 h后剩余干物质的百分比。在瘤胃中的滞留时间由许多因素确定,包括:比重,粒度,降解的易感性和牛的摄入量。该实验的结果与对降解的易感性相关,采用这种度量,所有的原型被认为对瘤胃降解是相当耐受的。抗性的排序示于表3 (基于24小时的数据,其中1最耐受)。
实施例3:凝聚组合物的制备
设计以下实施例以确定凝聚的基质组合物是否将提供pH依赖性释放。用乙基纤维素和HMTBa低聚物(使用15%固体,以30%低聚物)对MHA®粉末制粒。粉末被包衣至23%-50%的HMTBa总载荷。颗粒状的混合物用氢化的大豆油和硬脂酸的1:1混合物经流化床包衣至25%包衣水平。如在以上实施例1中详述的、在pH 2.5或pH 6.5,在pH 6.5下16小时后测量HMTBa的释放。如在图3中所示,凝聚组合物在pH 2.5缓冲液中显示出释放。
实施例4:包含金属碳酸盐的包衣颗粒
为确定包含金属碳酸盐的疏水性包衣是否将提供pH依赖性释放,制备以下包衣颗粒。通过混合器,用HMTBa低聚物(即7.5%或12.4%低聚物,具有60-70%的总HMTBa载荷)包覆MHA®颗粒,然后将颗粒用硬脂酸和含有30-40%碳酸锌或碳酸钙和2-10%交联羧甲基纤维素的氢化大豆油的1:1混合物外包衣至15、20,或25%的包衣水平,制备"混合器O/Zn蜡"颗粒。通过混合器,用HMTBa低聚物(即7.5%或12.4%低聚物,具有60-70%的总HMTBa载荷)包覆MHA®颗粒,然后将其用硬脂酸和含有10-60%低聚物(和任选地,甲基纤维素或交联羧甲基纤维素)的氢化大豆油的1:1混合物外包衣至15、20,或25%的包衣水平,制备"混合器O/Oligo蜡"颗粒。通过用硬脂酸和含有30-40%碳酸锌或碳酸钙和2-10%交联羧甲基纤维素的氢化大豆油的1:1混合物包覆MHA®颗粒至15、20,或25%的包衣水平,制备"MHA®/Zn蜡"颗粒。
为测量体外释放,将样品在pH 6.5孵育0-16小时(即瘤胃阶段)时间,在pH 2.5孵育16小时-18小时(即皱胃阶段)和在pH 6.5孵育18小时-40小时(即小肠阶段)。在预定的时间从每个样品移出等分试样并经HPLC分析。当pH降低时,氨基酸从所有制剂的释放急剧增加(见图4)。一些制剂(例如,混合器O/Zn蜡和混合器O/Oligo蜡)在pH 6.5显示出慢的释放速率。
实施例5:包含蜡外包衣的包衣颗粒
MHA®颗粒用低聚物(如在以上实施例1和3中详述的)包衣并用两种"蜡"包衣的任何一种进行外包衣。两种包衣为"Zn蜡"包衣或"低聚物蜡"包衣,它们在以下表4和5中分别加以详述。通过流化床包衣施加包衣至15-25%的包衣水平。Zn蜡包衣的蜡包含硬脂酸甘油酯(即甘油和硬脂酸的酯;硬脂酸甘油酯可源自棕榈油和其它油)、氢化的植物油(如,豆油、芥花籽油、棉籽油、玉米油等),或其组合。涂覆的低聚物蜡的蜡包含硬脂酸甘油酯、氢化植物油、硬脂酸,或其组合。
实施例6:模拟的从包衣颗粒的原位释放
制备一系列的包衣的MHA®颗粒,其中包衣包含HMTBa低聚物、硬脂酸、聚-2-乙烯基吡啶-苯乙烯共聚物(PVPS;MW~130-220K)和任选的乙基纤维素而包衣水平在10至15%变化。表6示出了各种制剂。
表6中所列的HMTBa从某些制剂中释放的量使用重量分析体外袋试验测定。该试验是以上在实施例2中所述的瘤胃袋试验的模拟。对于体外袋试验,将包衣颗粒放入尼龙袋中,然后用拉链带将袋密封。制备4个独立的袋,用于待测试的每种制剂。测量含有包衣颗粒的每个袋的初始重量。将各袋置于填充有模拟瘤胃液体的容器中,所述模拟瘤胃液体被缓冲至不同的pH水平。关闭容器(具有袋)并置于40℃孵育烘箱内,并持续振摇18小时的时间段。
18小时后,从各容器移出样品并采用HPLC方法测量HMTBa的量。图5显示在这18小时期间,HMTBa在各种pH水平下释放的百分比。所有的制剂显示HMTBa在pH 6.5和5.5下的有限释放,但在pH 2.5下良好释放。
实施例7:体外释放的时间进程
在pH 2.5下检测HMTBa从表6中所列制剂的释放。将制剂置于pH 2.5的溶液中,于40℃ (即反刍动物的体温)孵育并在3小时时间段内以有规律的间隔移出样品。HMTBa的量采用HPLC测定法测定。图6表示释放的动力学。所有的制剂在最初15分钟期间具有低释放速率,然后释放速率增加。
实施例8:包衣颗粒的物理弹性
包衣颗粒承受咀嚼或机械处理的能力采用撞击试验测试。为此,给24”碳钢管安装端盖和具有与管内径大致相同的外径的95克不锈钢圆柱体重物。管底部被封端,将试验制剂样品置于封端的管底,重物放在制剂的上部,并对该管的上端封端。倒转管以使重物返回到管的顶端。然后使管回到开始的位置,而重物落到管底并碰撞测试制剂。这被计数为1次撞击。重复该过程一定的次数(或重物撞击)。在预定数目的重物撞击完成后,移去端盖并收集测试制剂,包括所有的细粉或粉末。将回收的测试制剂与pH 5.5的溶液混合并于40℃孵育2小时。移出样品并经HPLC分析以确定释放到溶液中的活性剂的量。
经测试的包衣颗粒组合物详述于表7。参照制剂是用氨基-型聚合物包衣的甲硫氨酸颗粒。
结果示于图7。3种试验制剂甚至在25次重物撞击后仍保留超过50%的活性剂(即HMTBa),而参照制剂在10次重物撞击后损失约50%的活性剂(即D,L-甲硫氨酸)。
实施例9:比较的模拟原位释放和释放的动力学
使以上在实施例8中描述的3种试验制剂和参照制剂经受基本如上在实施例6中所述的体外袋试验。图8显示所有的制剂在pH 2.5下呈现释放。
检测以上在实施例8中描述的3种试验制剂和基本如上在实施例7中所述的参照制剂的释放动力学。结果示于图9。3种试验制剂在较早的时间点(即30分钟、1小时和2小时)具有比参照制剂更高的释放速率。
Claims (22)
1.一种包含在芯上形成的层的组合物,所述芯包含生物活性剂,所述层包含含有式(I)重复单元的第一聚合物和至少一种额外的试剂,所述式(I)重复单元具有以下结构:
其中,
R2、R4和R5是氢;
R6是甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基;
R7是不存在;
Z是硫或硒;
n是1-3的整数;
m是2-20的整数;和
所述至少一种额外的试剂是第二聚合物、蜡、脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯或流动剂。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中Z是硫。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中R6是甲基或乙基。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中第一聚合物包含式(III):
其中,m是2-20的整数。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中第一聚合物具有至少500 Da的平均分子量。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中生物活性剂选自精油、氨基酸或氨基酸的类似物、维生素、矿物质、抗氧化剂、色素、酶、有机酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、益生元、益生菌、草药、药用活性剂,及其组合。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述层包含10%重量的组合物。
8.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述至少一种额外的试剂是第二聚合物。
9.权利要求8的组合物,其中所述第二聚合物是聚-2-乙烯基吡啶-苯乙烯共聚物。
10.权利要求1的组合物,其中生物活性剂是2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸的钙盐。
11.权利要求1的组合物,其中组合物在低于5.0的pH下,在水性溶液中水解。
12.一种凝聚组合物,其包含大量的包埋在基质中的生物活性剂,所述基质包含具有式(I)重复单元的第一聚合物和至少一种额外的试剂,所述式(I)重复单元具有以下结构:
其中,
R2、R4和R5是氢;
R6是甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基;
R7不存在;
Z是硫或硒;
n是1-3的整数;
m是2-20的整数;和
所述至少一种额外的试剂选自第二聚合物、蜡、脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯或流动剂。
13.权利要求12的组合物,其中Z是硫。
14.权利要求12的组合物,其中R6是甲基或乙基。
15.权利要求12的组合物,其中第一聚合物包含式(III):
其中,m是2-20的整数。
16.权利要求12的组合物,其中生物活性剂选自精油、氨基酸或氨基酸的类似物、维生素、矿物质、抗氧化剂、色素、酶、有机酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、益生元、益生菌、草药、药用活性剂,及其组合。
17.权利要求12的组合物,其中组合物还包含至少一个在基质上形成的层。
18.权利要求12的组合物,其中生物活性剂是2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸的钙盐。
19.权利要求12的组合物,其中组合物在低于5.0的pH下,在水性溶液中水解。
20.一种食物来源,其包含营养源和权利要求1-19中任一项所述的组合物。
21.权利要求1-19中任一项所述的组合物在制备用于将生物活性剂提供给受试者的产品中的用途。
22.权利要求21的用途,其中生物活性剂在所述产品通过瘤胃后被释放。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710959714.9A CN107753462B (zh) | 2012-07-12 | 2013-07-11 | 用于保护生物活性剂的基质和层组合物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261670817P | 2012-07-12 | 2012-07-12 | |
US61/670817 | 2012-07-12 | ||
PCT/US2013/050051 WO2014011857A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2013-07-11 | Matrix and layer compositions for protection of bioactives |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710959714.9A Division CN107753462B (zh) | 2012-07-12 | 2013-07-11 | 用于保护生物活性剂的基质和层组合物 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104754956A CN104754956A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
CN104754956B true CN104754956B (zh) | 2017-11-17 |
Family
ID=49916546
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710959714.9A Active CN107753462B (zh) | 2012-07-12 | 2013-07-11 | 用于保护生物活性剂的基质和层组合物 |
CN201380047090.3A Expired - Fee Related CN104754956B (zh) | 2012-07-12 | 2013-07-11 | 用于保护生物活性剂的基质和层组合物 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710959714.9A Active CN107753462B (zh) | 2012-07-12 | 2013-07-11 | 用于保护生物活性剂的基质和层组合物 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US9452143B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP3388056A1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN107753462B (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2013290122B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112015000494A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2878617A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2703051T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1257735A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2015000395A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2871973T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014011857A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2702723T3 (es) | 2012-02-09 | 2019-03-05 | Novus Int Inc | Heteroátomos que contienen dímeros cíclicos |
PL2871973T3 (pl) | 2012-07-12 | 2019-02-28 | Novus International Inc. | Kompozycje matrycy i warstwy do ochrony środków bioaktywnych |
CN105942008A (zh) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-09-21 | 云南爱尔发生物技术股份有限公司 | 一种营养强化的含天然虾红素的鹌鹑饲料 |
CN107006694B (zh) * | 2017-03-20 | 2019-03-01 | 刘春海 | 一种肉牛、肉羊用植物精油组合物、制备方法及其应用 |
MX2020004409A (es) * | 2017-09-28 | 2020-08-06 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Productos protegidos dentro del rumen. |
WO2019209261A1 (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-31 | Novus International Inc. | Protected compositions comprising two coating layers |
BR112022011055A2 (pt) | 2019-12-11 | 2022-08-23 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Forma de dosagem para uso no tratamento ou na prevenção de uma doença |
CA3160876A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Dosage form comprising an alkaline agent and an enteric coating layer |
CN112998133B (zh) | 2021-02-24 | 2022-08-23 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 一种植物精油氨基酸组合物及其制备方法 |
WO2023107990A1 (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-06-15 | Nutramax Laboratories, Inc. | Supplemental coating and related method |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002088667A3 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2003-07-03 | Novus Int Inc | ENANTIOSELECTIVE OLIGOMERIZATION OF α-HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND α-AMINO ACIDS |
CN101453985A (zh) * | 2006-03-28 | 2009-06-10 | 诺华丝国际股份有限公司 | 促进毛发生长的组合物 |
CN101453884A (zh) * | 2006-03-30 | 2009-06-10 | 诺华丝国际股份有限公司 | 制备乙醇和含高度可消化蛋白质的饲料的干磨法 |
WO2009088879A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-16 | Novus International Inc. | Combinations to improve animal health and performance |
CN101735121A (zh) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-06-16 | 住友化学株式会社 | 制备2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸的方法 |
Family Cites Families (84)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2703316A (en) | 1951-06-05 | 1955-03-01 | Du Pont | Polymers of high melting lactide |
US2787595A (en) | 1955-07-11 | 1957-04-02 | Union Oil Co | Sulfoxide containing detergent compositions |
US3290254A (en) | 1961-10-25 | 1966-12-06 | Chevron Res | Methyl-beta-hydroxydodecyl sulfoxide containing detergent compositions |
US3329617A (en) | 1962-11-14 | 1967-07-04 | Procter & Gamble | Sulfoxide detergent |
US3272860A (en) | 1964-04-02 | 1966-09-13 | Monsanto Co | Preparation of methionine analogues |
US3288859A (en) | 1965-03-30 | 1966-11-29 | Procter & Gamble | Reactions of alkali metal salts of sulfinyl carbanions and alkanesulfenates with epoxy compounds and novel compounds derived therefrom |
US3761518A (en) | 1971-03-12 | 1973-09-25 | Du Pont | 2-hydroxy-4-methylsulfinyl-butyric acid and derivatives |
US3773927A (en) | 1971-12-20 | 1973-11-20 | Du Pont | Preparation of an aqueous slurry of ammonium chloride and methylmercapto-hydroxybutyric acid |
US4033938A (en) | 1974-01-21 | 1977-07-05 | American Cyanamid Company | Polymers of unsymmetrically substituted 1,4-dioxane-2,5-diones |
US4095029A (en) | 1977-01-17 | 1978-06-13 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | 2-hydroxy-3-alkylsulfoxypropyl-1 esters of arene polycarboxylic acids |
US4235942A (en) | 1979-02-22 | 1980-11-25 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Digestible polyamino acids |
US4451486A (en) | 1979-09-04 | 1984-05-29 | Monsanto Company | Animal feed supplement having reduced corrosion characteristics |
US4395363A (en) | 1980-08-21 | 1983-07-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Alpha-sulfoxide and alpha-sulfone carboxyl compounds |
US4317779A (en) | 1980-08-21 | 1982-03-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Alpha-sulfoxide and alpha-sulfone carboxyl compounds |
US4310690A (en) | 1980-10-08 | 1982-01-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Preparation of the calcium salt of α-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid |
US4353942A (en) | 1980-11-17 | 1982-10-12 | Dayco Corporation | Coating method |
US4419198A (en) | 1981-06-22 | 1983-12-06 | Monsanto Company | Purification of methioine hydroxy analogue hydrolyzate by electrodialysis |
US4388327A (en) | 1981-10-30 | 1983-06-14 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Method of increasing milk production of dairy cattle |
US4435527A (en) | 1983-01-24 | 1984-03-06 | Texaco Inc. | Polyester polymer polyols made with polyester polycarbonates and polyurethanes therefrom |
US4855495A (en) | 1983-09-06 | 1989-08-08 | Monsanto Company | Enhanced 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid composition and method of preparation |
US4524077A (en) | 1983-11-14 | 1985-06-18 | Monsanto Company | Liquid 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid and process for the preparation thereof |
US4579962A (en) | 1984-02-24 | 1986-04-01 | Monsanto Company | Enhanced 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid compositions and method of preparation |
FR2575753B1 (fr) | 1985-01-07 | 1987-02-20 | Adir | Nouveaux derives peptidiques a structure polycyclique azotee, leur procede de preparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques qui les contiennent |
US4727163A (en) | 1985-07-11 | 1988-02-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing highly pure cyclic esters |
US4883911A (en) | 1986-05-08 | 1989-11-28 | Monsanto Company | Process for the preparation of alkylthioalkanoate salts |
US4777289A (en) | 1986-05-08 | 1988-10-11 | Monsanto Company | Process for the preparation of alkylthioalkanoate salts |
US4835293A (en) | 1987-02-24 | 1989-05-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Atmospheric pressure process for preparing pure cyclic esters |
DE69031721T2 (de) | 1989-07-18 | 1998-03-19 | Biosearch Italia Spa | Aus Dalbaheptide hergestellte Pentapeptid-Antibiotika |
US5294605A (en) | 1990-07-19 | 1994-03-15 | The Scripps Research Institute | Amphiphilic peptide compositions and analogues thereof |
US5326887A (en) | 1991-02-27 | 1994-07-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the preparation of 1,4-dioxane-2,5-diones |
US5254718A (en) | 1991-02-27 | 1993-10-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Esters of unsymmetrically 2-substituted glycolic acid dimers |
US5142023A (en) | 1992-01-24 | 1992-08-25 | Cargill, Incorporated | Continuous process for manufacture of lactide polymers with controlled optical purity |
US5352461A (en) | 1992-03-11 | 1994-10-04 | Pharmaceutical Discovery Corporation | Self assembling diketopiperazine drug delivery system |
US5420304A (en) | 1992-03-19 | 1995-05-30 | Biopak Technology, Ltd. | Method to produce cyclic esters |
DE4221711A1 (de) | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-05 | Bayer Ag | Optisch aktive Aminosäuresulfoxid- und sulfon-Derivate, ihre Herstellung, ihre Polymerisation und Verwendung als Adsorbentien für die chromatographische Racematspaltung |
US5399665A (en) | 1992-11-05 | 1995-03-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Biodegradable polymers for cell transplantation |
US5310599A (en) | 1993-05-06 | 1994-05-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for making polymers of alpha-hydroxy acids |
US6428771B1 (en) | 1995-05-15 | 2002-08-06 | Pharmaceutical Discovery Corporation | Method for drug delivery to the pulmonary system |
US6727285B1 (en) | 1995-11-07 | 2004-04-27 | George M. Haik, Jr. | Use of D-arginine and/or L-arginine to protect the amino groups of biological substances from damage, inactivation, or modification by toxic carbonyls and/or dicarbonyls |
IT1282402B1 (it) | 1996-05-03 | 1998-03-20 | Condea Augusta Spa | Composizioni acquose di tensioattivi ad elevata viscosita' |
DE69728688T2 (de) | 1996-11-19 | 2004-08-19 | Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks | Aryl und heteroaryl substituierte kondensierte pyrrole als entzündunghemmende mittel |
US5973200A (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1999-10-26 | Novus International, Inc. | Process for the preparation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid or methionine by mercaptan addition |
WO1998051260A2 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1998-11-19 | Redox, Inc. | Use of d-arginine and/or l-arginine to protect the amino groups of biological substances from damage, inactivation, or modification by toxic carbonyls and/or dicarbonyls |
US6017563A (en) | 1997-07-25 | 2000-01-25 | Novus International, Inc. | Process for optimizing milk production |
MA26659A1 (fr) | 1998-08-06 | 2004-12-20 | Pfizer | Dérivés de benzimidazole nouveaux, compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant et procédé pour leur préparation. |
USRE39403E1 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 2006-11-14 | Adisseo Ireland Limited | Method for supplying bioavailable methionine to a cow |
FR2785773B1 (fr) | 1998-11-13 | 2001-04-20 | Rhone Poulenc Nutrition Animal | Utilisation d'esters de methionine en nutrition animale |
CA2370782A1 (en) | 1999-04-02 | 2000-10-12 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Desleucyl glycopeptide antibiotics and methods of making same |
US6939693B2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2005-09-06 | Novus International, Inc. | Enantioselective oligomerization of α-hydroxy carboxylic acids and α-amino acids |
US6469133B2 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2002-10-22 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Process for the preparation of polymers of dimeric cyclic esters |
DE10000333A1 (de) | 2000-01-07 | 2001-07-19 | Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts | Pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung zur transdermalen Verabreichung von Hormonen mit einem permeationsverbessernden Zusatzstoff |
WO2003010157A1 (en) | 2001-07-23 | 2003-02-06 | Dr. Reddy's Research Foundation | Dioxane derivatives and a process for their preparation |
US20030143366A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-31 | Jerry Foley | Polymeric and fibrous laminate and methods of forming and using same |
DE60303402T2 (de) | 2002-03-22 | 2006-08-31 | Filtra-Systems Co., Farmington Hills | Vorrichtung und Verfahren für umlaufende Werkzeugmaschinenkühlmittel und Entfernen von Eisenabfallstoffen |
CN1448393A (zh) | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-15 | 拜尔公司 | 抗内寄生物用的新型二氧代吗啉 |
CA2518218A1 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-16 | Warner-Lambert Company Llc | Tetrazole and oxadiazolone substituted .beta.-amino acid derivatives |
EP1642921B1 (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2008-08-27 | Nof Corporation | Triblock copolymer, method for producing the same and biocompatible material |
RU2249029C1 (ru) | 2003-07-23 | 2005-03-27 | Петраков Александр Дмитриевич | Способ получения водоугольного топлива и технологическая линия для его осуществления |
JP4445769B2 (ja) | 2004-02-18 | 2010-04-07 | 学校法人東海大学 | 側鎖にヒドロキシルエチル基を有するオリゴ乳酸エステル |
JP4560304B2 (ja) | 2004-02-18 | 2010-10-13 | 学校法人東海大学 | 側鎖にアミノエチル基を有するオリゴ乳酸エステル |
WO2005077882A1 (ja) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-08-25 | Tokai Education Instruments Co., Ltd. | 側鎖に置換基を有するオリゴ乳酸エステル |
US8685435B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2014-04-01 | Allergan, Inc. | Extended release biodegradable ocular implants |
FR2873376B1 (fr) | 2004-07-23 | 2006-11-24 | Tetrahedron Sas | Nouveaux seleno-hydroxyacides et leurs derives, applications en nutrition, cosmetique et pharmacie |
US20070053866A1 (en) | 2005-09-06 | 2007-03-08 | Novus International Inc. | In-can and dry coating antimicrobial compositions having hydroxy analogs of methionine and derivatives |
CN100428964C (zh) | 2006-06-29 | 2008-10-29 | 武汉理工大学 | RGD多肽接枝聚(羟基乙酸-L-赖氨酸-L-乳酸)/β-磷酸三钙复合材料及其制备方法 |
CA2656697C (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2012-12-04 | Stepan Company | Alkyl lactyllactates and processes of making the same |
WO2008011272A2 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-24 | Novus International Inc. | Liquid monophasic lipid-soluble antioxidant compositions and processes for making the compositions |
WO2008014613A1 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Manus Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Ltd. | Multifunctional bioactive compounds |
EP2094242A4 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2009-12-23 | Novus Int Inc | IN A MATRIX EMBEDDED COMPOSITIONS WITH ORGANIC ACIDS AND FATTY ACIDS |
US20080119552A1 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-22 | Novus International Inc. | Matrix-embedded compositions having organic acids and fatty acids |
JP2008239601A (ja) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-10-09 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | ラクチド化合物の製造方法 |
WO2009127009A1 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Condensation polymers |
EP2151457A1 (en) | 2008-07-28 | 2010-02-10 | Total Petrochemicals France | Process to make a diblock copolymer having a monovinylaromatic polymer block |
DE102008042932A1 (de) | 2008-10-17 | 2010-04-22 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Herstellung und Verwendung von Methionylmethionin als Futtermitteladditiv für Fische und Krustentiere |
JP5864257B2 (ja) | 2008-10-24 | 2016-02-17 | サレプタ セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | Dmdのための複数のエキソンスキッピング組成物 |
FR2942800B1 (fr) | 2009-03-06 | 2012-04-20 | Minasolve | Procede de polymerisation par voie catalytique de 1,4-dioxanes-2,5 diones et les polymeres correspondants |
JP2013503934A (ja) | 2009-09-02 | 2013-02-04 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 有機スズ化合物、その製造方法およびそれを用いたポリラクチドの製造方法 |
US8753621B2 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2014-06-17 | Protherics Salt Lake City, Inc. | BAB triblock polymers having improved release characteristics |
EP2512522A4 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2013-09-25 | Brigham & Womens Hospital | PARTICULARS FOR THE DELIVERY OF SEVERAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCES |
CN103003260A (zh) | 2009-12-21 | 2013-03-27 | 赢创德固赛有限公司 | 用于制备包含不饱和官能团的环酯的方法和由其制备的聚酯 |
DE102010029399A1 (de) | 2010-05-27 | 2011-12-01 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Cyclische Dipeptide als Futtermitteladditive |
US20120128616A1 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2012-05-24 | Voisin Sebastien | Cosmetic composition comprising at least one elastomeric polyurethane and at least one cationic polymer |
ES2702723T3 (es) | 2012-02-09 | 2019-03-05 | Novus Int Inc | Heteroátomos que contienen dímeros cíclicos |
PL2871973T3 (pl) | 2012-07-12 | 2019-02-28 | Novus International Inc. | Kompozycje matrycy i warstwy do ochrony środków bioaktywnych |
-
2013
- 2013-07-11 PL PL13816624T patent/PL2871973T3/pl unknown
- 2013-07-11 EP EP18170419.8A patent/EP3388056A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-07-11 CN CN201710959714.9A patent/CN107753462B/zh active Active
- 2013-07-11 CN CN201380047090.3A patent/CN104754956B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-07-11 EP EP13816624.4A patent/EP2871973B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-07-11 AU AU2013290122A patent/AU2013290122B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-07-11 BR BR112015000494A patent/BR112015000494A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-07-11 WO PCT/US2013/050051 patent/WO2014011857A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-07-11 MX MX2015000395A patent/MX2015000395A/es unknown
- 2013-07-11 CA CA2878617A patent/CA2878617A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-11 US US14/413,540 patent/US9452143B2/en active Active
- 2013-07-11 ES ES13816624T patent/ES2703051T3/es active Active
-
2016
- 2016-04-20 US US15/133,448 patent/US9655863B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-24 AU AU2016247230A patent/AU2016247230B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-04-17 US US15/488,720 patent/US10010506B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-03 HK HK19100109.7A patent/HK1257735A1/zh unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002088667A3 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2003-07-03 | Novus Int Inc | ENANTIOSELECTIVE OLIGOMERIZATION OF α-HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND α-AMINO ACIDS |
CN101453985A (zh) * | 2006-03-28 | 2009-06-10 | 诺华丝国际股份有限公司 | 促进毛发生长的组合物 |
CN101453884A (zh) * | 2006-03-30 | 2009-06-10 | 诺华丝国际股份有限公司 | 制备乙醇和含高度可消化蛋白质的饲料的干磨法 |
WO2009088879A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-16 | Novus International Inc. | Combinations to improve animal health and performance |
CN101735121A (zh) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-06-16 | 住友化学株式会社 | 制备2-羟基-4-甲基硫代丁酸的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX2015000395A (es) | 2015-04-10 |
CN107753462A (zh) | 2018-03-06 |
CN104754956A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
AU2013290122A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
US20160228391A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
AU2016247230A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
BR112015000494A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
AU2013290122B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
HK1257735A1 (zh) | 2019-10-25 |
CN107753462B (zh) | 2021-01-08 |
AU2016247230B2 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
EP3388056A1 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
ES2703051T3 (es) | 2019-03-06 |
EP2871973A1 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
WO2014011857A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
US20170216208A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
US9655863B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
PL2871973T3 (pl) | 2019-02-28 |
CA2878617A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
EP2871973B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
US9452143B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
US10010506B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
EP2871973A4 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
US20150157577A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN104754956B (zh) | 用于保护生物活性剂的基质和层组合物 | |
JP5502754B2 (ja) | 家畜のクロストリディウム属細菌による疾病の予防及び/又は治療用飼料、並びに抗クロストリディウム剤 | |
US20190116833A1 (en) | Feed additive compositions | |
US11638434B2 (en) | Feed additive compositions | |
US20220338504A1 (en) | Feed additive compositions | |
AU2020206345A1 (en) | Essential oil particles with improved stability and compositions thereof | |
AU2011259858B2 (en) | Cashew nut shell liquid having improved stability | |
Reddy et al. | Antimicrobial resistance and medicinal plant products as potential alternatives to antibiotics in animal husbandry | |
WO2019209261A1 (en) | Protected compositions comprising two coating layers | |
US20210236427A1 (en) | Development of Lipid Matrix Granules with Incorporation of Polysaccharides for Effective Delivery of an Antimicrobial Essential Oil | |
CN113316393A (zh) | 用于增加甲硫氨酸生物利用度的手段 | |
US20220142204A1 (en) | Clay compositions and methods for improving animal performance | |
TW202337326A (zh) | 改善處於免疫壓力下之動物的營養狀態之方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20171117 Termination date: 20190711 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |