CN104737830A - Method for solving infertility of potato varieties serving as hybrid female parents - Google Patents
Method for solving infertility of potato varieties serving as hybrid female parents Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato breeding, and particularly relates to a method for solving infertility of potato varieties serving as hybrid female parents. The method includes the steps of stock selection and cultivation, scion cultivation, grafting, management after grafting, hybrid pollination and common mulberry seed harvesting. A potato serving as a scion and a winter cherry serving as a stock are grafted into a whole, a huge root system of the winter cherry provides more sufficient nutrients for an overground part by cutting off nutrient consumption needed by tuber growth of an underground part of the potato, a reproductive organ of the potato acquires enough nutrient supply, normal growth and development of the reproductive organ are promoted, normal fructification after pollination is achieved, and the problem of infertility of the potato varieties serving as the hybrid female parents for a long time is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Potato Breeding technical field, specifically a kind of Potato Cultivars that solves is as the maternal sterile method of hybridization.
Background technology
Potato originates in South America Andes, China's Content Germplasm Resources in Potato is limited, but wherein still have part potato resource normally not bloom, solid: Potato Cultivars as maximum in national popularizing planting area gram new No. 1, knot potato is concentrated, yampi rate is high, yielding ability and yield stability excellent, but pollen sterility, Pistil abortion, can not natural solid and as hybrid strain and column cap pollination after can not normal growth grow produce seed.So above-mentioned excellent potato resource as hybrid strain, can not limit the hereditary basis of potato crossbreeding.
Potato buddings to flowering stage, for the Sheng phase of underground tuber character and growth, nutrient bottom, the supply place growth continually that blade synthesis is produced, and the nutrient that reproductive organs obtains is relatively less, just likely causes the reproductive organs retarded growth of some potato resource even to cause abortion.
CN103477876A discloses the technology of a kind of potato and Tomato Grafting, solves the problem increasing the amount of blooming and kind of blooming period prolonging, and can make originally to increase by solid potato hip number.At present for Potato Cultivars (as gram new No. 1) the breeding difficult problem that can not form seed after pollination, there is not yet document open.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Potato Cultivars that solves as the maternal sterile method of hybridization, the defect of prior art can be overcome, solve for a long time Potato Cultivars as the maternal sterile problem of hybridization.
The incubation step of technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A. the cultivation of stock and selection
Take nursing young plants in hothouses, by the water seed soaking of wintercherry seed with 45 DEG C, or soak 10min with the potassium permanganate liquid of 0.01%, prevent seed from carrying viral germ; Then soak 12h with clear water, pull out, be evenly laid on wet towel, towel is rolled into web-like, put into 30 DEG C of climatic cabinate vernalization; Both can sow after the seed of 40%-50% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
After above-mentioned process broadcast sowing in matrix be the Miao Panzhong of turfy soil, earthing 3mm-5mm.The sunshade net of upper covering one deck, every day sprays water with sprayer, keeps soil humidity, keeps 20 DEG C-25 DEG C daytime, night 10 DEG C-15 DEG C;
Emerge laggard seedling in the ranks, spacing is 5cm × 5cm, except overstocked and raw, the weak seedling of disability; In the 2-3 leaf phase, seedling is loaded 10cm × 10cm nutritive cube or flowerpot, strengthen water and fertilizer management; Seedling stage keeps soil moisture regime, and period imposes composite fertilizer once; When wintercherry seedling grows to 6-7 maturation sheet leaf, prepare grafting as stock;
B. the cultivation of scion and selection
(this rank potato seed vitality is strong to select the detoxic seedling offspring original seed of Potato Cultivars (gram new No. 1), seedling diameter thickness degree is close with diameter of stock), be seeded in Miao Panzhong, matrix is turfy soil, thickness of earth covering is 2cm-3cm, when seedling is just broken ground, during unearthed about 1cm-2cm, prepare grafting as scion;
C. grafting
First use alcohol wipe blade and the hand of 75% before grafting, carry out disinfection, after often completing one group of grafting, all will disinfect blade and hand in alcohol, until alcohol volatilize completely dry after, next step operation can be carried out;
(1) preparation of stock
Remove the terminal bud of wintercherry, retain 5-6 sheet blade below, between the stipes between top first complete leaf and second complete leaf, adopt side grafting method, with double-edged razor blade from side, stock top 30 ° obliquely, be switched to the 1/3-1/2 place of stem, the edge of a knife degree of depth about 1.0 ~ 1.5cm;
(2) preparation of scion
Cut from base portion by potato seedling with blade, pluck whole blade, then by the asymmetric wedge shape on the blade inclined-plane that scion is whittled into one is long and the other is short, wedge surface size is consistent with stock size incision, keeps wedge surface neat and tidy;
(3) grafting
Scion is inserted stock otch, otch alignment both making, then pierces through stock up and down with two acupuncture needles and scion is fixed;
D. managing after grafting
Seedling after grafting is put into Small plastic shed, with 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid, stock and scion and surrounding environment is carried out disinfection, cover tightly film, cover double-layered sunshade net above again, every day sprays water in canopy, keeps canopy humidity more than 90%, day temperature remains on 25-30 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C;
3-4 days after grafting, remove in time and infect sick seedling, the ill blade of removal of falling ill lighter, sprays control with 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid, every 5-7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time; After one week, when scion starts to grow, progressively remove sunshade net, and progressively leak informaton, now humidity maintains 50-70%, and daytime keeps 25-28 DEG C, night 14-15 DEG C; After one month, when scion potato grows 2 ~ 3 leaves, shift out Small plastic shed, Routine Management, note removing the sprout tillers on wintercherry stock;
E. hybridization pollination
(1) select grafting bud loose, the bud of 1-2 days before blooming, after pushing petal aside, removes stamen;
(2) pollinate, bagging, list: gather the pollen of male parent spread upon emasculation after flower column cap on, and bagging hangs label, indicates the hybridization date, male parent parental varieties title, within second day, repeats pollination;
(3) allocarpy is ripe, results true seed.
Further, described Potato Cultivars female parent is gram new No. 1, and male parent is that No. 8, potato is opened in Ji.
Wintercherry has another name called red Miss, Solanaceae Physalis, is equal different platymiscium with potato, and originating in China, wild resource enriches, is perennial root herbaceous plant, its well developed root system, can provide sufficient nutrient for overground part plant strain growth.
For utilizing the merit of above-mentioned Potato Cultivars (gram new No. 1), the present invention utilizes potato (gram new No. 1) seedling to be scion, wintercherry is stock, by cutting off potato underground part stem tuber nutrient supply, and the huge root system of wintercherry provides more sufficient nutrient for overground part, make the reproductive organs of potato (gram new No. 1) obtain enough nutrient supplies, promote the normal growth of reproductive organs to grow with this and object normally solid after reaching pollination.
Graft hybridization refers to the process being obtained inheritance and graft hybrid by the method for grafting, also known as grafting mutagenesis.To the understanding of " graft hybridization " gradually deeply, the concept of graft hybridization is proposed by Darwin current people at first, and also there is a lot of record in China about the fact of graft hybridization.Grafting causes the theory of character variation to mainly contain 2: (1) " horizontal gene transfer " theory, namely there occurs exchanging of gene and material between stock with scion, and stock or scion there occurs variation owing to absorbing the genetic material of the other side.And abroad can have been reported at the phloem transport of grafting plant about partially protein (comprising " becoming flower albumen " that regulation and control are bloomed) and tiny RNA.(2) " epigenetic " theory, namely grafting plant is the particular surroundings provided each other, and make stock or scion when autogene sequence does not change, its expression conditions there occurs can hereditary change.Scientist's current research result from German Max Planck research institute shows that graft can exchange respective gene, and can new species be created, this result of study has been published on Nature and Science, they propose the meaning that graft technology has broken through the breeding of its conventional genderless, will cultivate the new method of allopolyploid plant hybrid blaze one.
Advantage of the present invention is through test of many times from numerous stock material, finally determine to select wintercherry as stock, the root system being the stock (as tomato) comparatively commonly used due to the root system of wintercherry is more huge, can be potato (gram new No. 1) overground part and more sufficient nutrient is provided, make the reproductive organs of potato (gram new No. 1) obtain enough nutrient supplies.Thus make potato (gram new No. 1) can be normally solid afterwards in pollination.Solve the difficult problem that potato (gram new No. 1) for a long time can not be normally solid.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is grafting initial stage picture;
Fig. 2 is grafting connecting portion picture;
Fig. 3 is grafting position (potato and wintercherry blade) picture on the ground;
Fig. 4 gathers in the crops to obtain allocarpy seed picture.
Embodiment:
Raw material of the present invention, auxiliary material are the material of energy public offering on market.
A. the cultivation of stock and selection
Generally nursing young plants in hothouses, the wintercherry seed water seed soaking of 45 DEG C, or soak 10min with the potassium permanganate liquid of 0.01%, prevent seed from carrying the germs such as virus; Then soak 12h with clear water, pull out, be evenly laid on wet towel, towel is rolled into web-like, put into 30 DEG C of climatic cabinate vernalization; Both can sow after the seed of 40%-50% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Seed broadcasting after process is the Miao Panzhong of turfy soil in matrix, earthing 3mm-5mm.The sunshade net of upper covering one deck 75%, every day sprays water with sprayer, keeps soil humidity, keeps 20 DEG C-25 DEG C daytime, night 10 DEG C-15 DEG C;
Emerge laggard seedling in the ranks, spacing is 5cm*5cm, except overstocked and raw, the weak seedling of disability; In the 2-3 leaf phase, seedling is loaded 10cm × 10cm nutritive cube or flowerpot; Seedling stage keeps soil moisture regime, and period imposes composite fertilizer once; When wintercherry seedling grows to 6-7 maturation sheet leaf, prepare grafting as stock;
B. the cultivation of scion and selection
(this rank potato seed vitality is strong to select the detoxic seedling offspring original seed of Potato Cultivars gram new No. 1, seedling diameter thickness degree is close with diameter of stock), be seeded in Miao Panzhong, matrix is turfy soil, thickness of earth covering is 2cm-3cm, when seedling is just broken ground, during unearthed about 1cm-2cm, prepare grafting as scion;
C. graft technology
First use alcohol wipe blade and the hand of 75% before grafting, carry out disinfection, after often completing one group of grafting, all will disinfect blade and hand in alcohol, until alcohol volatilize completely dry after, next step operation can be carried out;
(1) preparation of stock
Remove the terminal bud of wintercherry, retain 5-6 sheet blade below, from between the stipes between top first complete leaf and second complete leaf, adopt side grafting method, with double-edged razor blade from side, stock top obliquely (30 °) be switched to the 1/3-1/2 of stem, the edge of a knife degree of depth about 1.0 ~ 1.5cm;
(2) preparation of scion
Cut from base portion by potato seedling with blade, pluck whole blade, then by the asymmetric wedge shape on the blade inclined-plane that scion is whittled into one is long and the other is short, wedge surface size is consistent with stock size incision, keeps wedge surface neat and tidy;
(3) grafting
Scion is inserted stock otch, otch alignment both making, then pierces through stock up and down with two acupuncture needles and scion is fixed;
D. managing after grafting
Seedling after grafting is put into Small plastic shed, with 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid, stock and scion and surrounding environment is carried out disinfection, cover tightly film, cover double-layered sunshade net above again, every day sprays water in canopy, keeps canopy humidity more than 90%, day temperature remains on 25-30 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C;
3-4 days after grafting, remove in time and infect sick seedling, the ill blade of removal of falling ill lighter, sprays control with 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid, every 5-7 days 1 time, connects anti-3-4 time; After one week, when scion starts to grow, progressively remove sunshade net, and progressively leak informaton, now humidity maintains 50-70%, and daytime keeps 25-28 DEG C, night 14-15 DEG C.After one month, when scion potato grows 2 ~ 3 leaves, shift out Small plastic shed, Routine Management, note removing the sprout tillers on wintercherry stock;
E. hybridization pollination
(1) select grafting bud loose, the bud of 1-2 days before blooming, after pushing petal aside, removes stamen;
(2) pollinate, bagging, list: gather the pollen opening No. 8, potato in male parent Ji spread upon emasculation after flower column cap on, and bagging hangs label, indicates the hybridization date, male parent parental varieties title, within second day, repeats pollination;
(3) allocarpy is ripe, results true seed.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments.Every belong to technical scheme of the present invention the apparent change of extending out or variation be still in the row of protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. solve Potato Cultivars as the maternal sterile method of hybridization, it is characterized in that incubation step is as follows:
A. the cultivation of stock and selection
Take nursing young plants in hothouses, by the water seed soaking of wintercherry seed with 45 DEG C, or soak 10min with the potassium permanganate liquid of 0.01%, prevent seed from carrying viral germ; Then soak 12h with clear water, pull out, be evenly laid on wet towel, towel is rolled into web-like, put into 30 DEG C of climatic cabinate vernalization; Both can sow after the seed of 40%-50% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Seed broadcasting after above-mentioned process is the Miao Panzhong of turfy soil in matrix, earthing 3mm-5mm; The sunshade net of upper covering one deck, every day sprays water with sprayer, keeps soil humidity, keeps 20 DEG C-25 DEG C daytime, night 10 DEG C-15 DEG C;
Emerge laggard seedling in the ranks, spacing is 5cm × 5cm, except overstocked and raw, the weak seedling of disability; In the 2-3 leaf phase, seedling is loaded 10cm × 10cm nutritive cube or flowerpot, seedling stage keeps soil moisture regime, and period imposes composite fertilizer once; When wintercherry seedling grows to 6-7 maturation sheet leaf, prepare grafting as stock;
B. the cultivation of scion and selection
Select the detoxic seedling offspring original seed of Potato Cultivars, be seeded in Miao Panzhong, matrix is turfy soil, and thickness of earth covering is 2cm-3cm, when seedling is just broken ground, during unearthed about 1cm-2cm, prepares grafting as scion;
C. grafting
First use alcohol wipe blade and the hand of 75% before grafting, carry out disinfection, after often completing one group of grafting, all will disinfect blade and hand in alcohol, until alcohol volatilize completely dry after, next step operation can be carried out;
(1) preparation of stock
Remove the terminal bud of wintercherry, retain 5-6 sheet blade below, between the stipes between top first complete leaf and second complete leaf, adopt side grafting method, with double-edged razor blade from side, stock top 30 ° obliquely, be switched to the 1/3-1/2 place of stem, the edge of a knife degree of depth about 1.0 ~ 1.5cm;
(2) preparation of scion
Cut from base portion by potato seedling with blade, pluck whole blade, then by the wedge shape on the blade asymmetric inclined-plane that scion is whittled into one is long and the other is short, wedge surface size is consistent with stock size incision, keeps wedge surface neat and tidy;
(3) grafting
Scion is inserted stock otch, otch alignment both making, then pierces through stock up and down with two acupuncture needles and scion is fixed;
D. managing after grafting
Seedling after grafting is put into Small plastic shed, with 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid, stock and scion and surrounding environment is carried out disinfection, cover tightly film, cover double-layered sunshade net above again, every day sprays water in canopy, keeps canopy humidity more than 90%, day temperature remains on 25-30 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C;
3-4 days after grafting, remove in time and infect sick seedling, the ill blade of removal of falling ill lighter, sprays control with 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid, every 5-7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time; After one week, when scion starts to grow, progressively remove sunshade net, and progressively leak informaton, now humidity maintains 50-70%, and daytime keeps 25-28 DEG C, night 14-15 DEG C; After one month, when scion potato grows 2 ~ 3 leaves, shift out Small plastic shed, Routine Management, note removing the sprout tillers on wintercherry stock;
E. hybridization pollination
(1) select grafting bud loose, the bud of 1-2 days before blooming, after pushing petal aside, removes stamen;
(2) pollinate, bagging, list: gather the pollen of male parent spread upon emasculation after flower column cap on, and bagging hangs label, indicates the hybridization date, male parent parental varieties title, within second day, repeats pollination;
(3) allocarpy is ripe, results true seed.
2. a kind of Potato Cultivars that solves as claimed in claim 1 is as the maternal sterile method of hybridization, and it is characterized in that described Potato Cultivars female parent is for gram new No. 1, male parent is that No. 8, potato is opened in Ji.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN105052724A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for improving self-pollination seed setting percentage of diploid potatoes and application of method |
| CN107517740A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-29 | 陈耕石 | The method for producing virus-free seed potato |
| CN108834604A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-11-20 | 河北北方学院 | The method of potato tetraploid cultivar and wild diploid species distant hybridization |
| CN112442505A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-05 | 河北北方学院 | Method for researching cloning, vector construction and transient expression of potato StRab5b gene |
Families Citing this family (1)
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| CN107787698A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-13 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of production method for the seed potato for avoiding soil-borne disease from infecting |
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| CN107517740B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2022-07-29 | 陈耕石 | Method for producing virus-free seed potatoes |
| CN108834604A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-11-20 | 河北北方学院 | The method of potato tetraploid cultivar and wild diploid species distant hybridization |
| CN108834604B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2021-01-15 | 河北北方学院 | Distant hybridization method for potato tetraploid cultivars and diploid wild species |
| CN112442505A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-05 | 河北北方学院 | Method for researching cloning, vector construction and transient expression of potato StRab5b gene |
| CN112442505B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2023-06-23 | 河北北方学院 | Cloning, vector construction and transient expression research method of potato StRab5b gene |
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